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Technology Trends Towards 6G Dr Alain Mourad 6GIC – University of Surrey (UK) 05 February 2021

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Technology Trends Towards 6G Dr Alain Mourad 6GIC – University of Surrey (UK) 05 February 2021 Technology Trends towards 6G Dr Alain Mourad 6GIC – University of Surrey (UK) 05 February 2021 1 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Mega Trends to 6G 2 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Mega Trends Underpinning the Path to 6G IMPACT OF MEGA TRENDS (1) Stakeholders race for 6G research leadership MARKET TREND 1 (2) Momentum for support of more Verticals High 2 MARKET TREND (3) Rise of data-driven networks with AI/ML Certainity 3 4 of 5 TECH TREND (4) Widespread virtualization and disaggregation Low Degree TECH TREND (5) Drive for new spectrum and new regulation Longer-Te r m Short-term TECH TREND Impact 3 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Stakeholders race for 6G research leadership Key Insight: - The race for 6G research leadership is ON - Multi-billion (USD) Multi-year government- funded research programmes are launching 10B€ - Key stakeholders are announcing their 6G USA seeking actively to assert B5G/6G roadmaps and opening 6G Labs leadership (e.g. “FCC above 95 GHz”, “O-RAN Bill”, DARPA “OPS-5G”, ATIS next generation wireless alliance) Impact: Puts onus on the industry R&D to drive 6G research agendas and lead harmonization efforts on 2030 system vision, technology trends and requirements in international forums such as ITU-R, GSMA, and NGMN South Korea to launch 6G trial in 2026 4 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Momentum for support of more Verticals Key Insight: Industrial applications (aka verticals) remain the biggest potential growth areas for wireless communications and a major driver in the evolution of wireless requirements Impact: Industry 4.0 describes a wide category of industrial internet use cases and it has become apparent that only a subset are addressable by current 5G KPIs. B5G/6G still has much work to do in the vertical markets that it has promised to support 5 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Rise of data-driven networks with AI/ML Key Insight: AI/ML has already deeply penetrated Web, network and chip technologies, and this trend will continue as AI/ML matures and more data becomes available Google Graphcore HiSiliCon Impact: Apple Qualcomm IBM Potential to disrupt the design of future ARM Adapteva Xilinx wireless networks and devices, across all Intel Thinci Via domains (core, access, edge, device) NVIDIA Mythic AI LG AMD Samsung ImaginationT Baidu TSMC MediaTek 6 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Widespread virtualization and disaggregation Key Insight: - 5G is built on virtualization and it is critical in the vision of the Core Network and Edge with the momentum now gathering in RAN too (e.g. O-RAN, SD-RAN, OpenRAN) Impact: This trend is disruptive in both technology and business factors (e.g. IPR, Regulatory) and even if technology challenges are overcome it may take until 6G before the full breadth & depth of possibilities are realized 7 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Drive for new spectrum and new regulation Key Insight: Moving into higher frequency bands & new regulatory models is a key trend for achieving 100s of Gbps peak data rates over wireless and for driving more values from spectrum The 6GHz band is the widest Impact: band included in Resolution 245, Fundamental problems begin to appear with and it has the potential of being digital design at above 100GHz, which an important band for citywide 5G promises a reengineering of several design services from 2025 onwards. elements including waveforms, codecs, massive MIMO, medium-access protocols 8 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. - Key Forums - Target Capabilities - Technology Trends 9 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Key Stakeholders Forums 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Research Horizon Europe: Exploratory Research Horizon Europe: Pre-standards and proof-of-concepts EU FP H2020 Horizon Europe: Pilots and Trials (Smart Networks and Services) (Smart Networks and Services) (Smart Networks and Services) ML5G; ML5G; NET2030 Future Focus Groups and Recommendations ITU-T NET2030 (Machine Learning; Future Networks) (Artificial Intelligence; Distributed Ledgers; Quantum Communications; etc.) Focus next WRC’23 WRC’27 IMT2020 Towards IMT2030 ITU-R IMT2030 Vision and Technology Trends IMT2030 Requirements Rec. (Evaluation Methodology, Evaluation, Recommendations) mWT ETSI mWT; MEC; ENI; SAI; ZSM; PDL; NFV; MEC; (Millimeter wave transmission; Edge Computing; Network Intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Zero Touch Management; Distributed Ledger) ENI; IETF IETF SFC; IETF/IRTF: TRANSPORT; RAW; ANIMA; NM; COIN; ICN; QI; NWC DETNET; (transport for immersive multimedia; deterministic networking; reliability and availability for wireless; automation and network management; computing DMM in the network; information centric networking; quantum internet; network coding; IoT evolution) WiFi6; WiFi7 (802.11be); Positioning (.11ac); IEEE Further evolution of WiFi (WiFi8, WiFi9); Ultra-low power IoT; Towards THz including integrated 60GHz low power IoT (.11ba); Light (.11bb); communication, sensing, imaging and positioning (.11ay) Sensing (SENS SG); THz (.15 THz SG) 3GPP 5G 5G Advanced 5G Advanced Pro Towards 6G (Rel.16) (Rel.17/18) (Rel.19/20) (Rel..20, 21, 22, …) Standards 10 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. From IMT-2020 To IMT2030 IMT-2020 IMT-2030 Recommends (as of Feb’21) Working on that the terrestrial radio interfaces Technology Trends Towards 2030 for IMT-2020 should be (target release Jun’22) • 3GPP 5G-SRIT • 3GPP 5G-RIT • TDSI 5Gi 11 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. IMT-2020 to IMT-2030 Capabilities Services Extreme Extreme Frequency Requirements (Sub-THz ≥100 GHz) Spectrum Performance Extreme Performance 12 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Services Underpinning 5G Evolution to 6G Multi-Sensory Extreme Reality (XR) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Smart Industries Massive IoT (tens of millions of UEs) Private, Personal and Local networks Future Railways Non-terrestrial satellite services Advanced V2X services • Various combinations of performance requirements such as user experienced data rates, latency, reliability, positioning (I/O-H/V), coverage, connections density, range and speed. • Further requirements for significant improvements in resource efficiency in all system components (e.g. UEs, IoT devices, radio interface, access network, core network). 13 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Spectrum and Performance Capabilities IMT-2020* IMT-2030** Spectrum Up to 100 GHz Carrier frequencies up to 300 GHz At least 100 MHz; Bandwidth Up to 1 GHz Single channel bandwidth above 10 GHz 20 Gbps (DL) Peak data rate (DL/UL) 10 Gbps (UL) Peak data rate exceeding 200 Gbps (downlink) and 100 Gbps (uplink) 100 Mbps (DL) User data rate (DL/UL) 50 Mbps (UL) Average user data rate exceeding 1 Gbps (downlink) and 0.5 Gbps (uplink) for multi-sensory XR and volumetric media streaming 4 ms for eMBB U-plane Latency 1ms for URLLC U-plane latency below 0.5 ms for connected industries, autonomous vehicles and tactile use cases Below 20 ms C-Plane Latency (10 ms desired) Control plane latency below 5 ms for connected industries, autonomous vehicles and tactile use cases Reliability Up to 5 nines Reliability up to 8 nines for connected industries and autonomous vehicles Connection Density 1 device per sqm Connection density up to 10 devices per sqm (10m devices per km2) for ultra-massive sensor networks Energy Efficiency Qualitative Terminal and network energy efficiencies up by 1000x today’s values 5G system Positioning Accuracy NA Positioning accuracy below 5 cm (indoor) and 10 cm (outdoor) helped by joint sensing and communications Mobility Up to 500 kmh Mobility exceeding 1000 kmh for flying objects (e.g. airplanes) supported by the integration with non-terrestrial networks *ITU-R Doc 5/40-E “Minimum requirements related to technical **H2020 EMPOWER performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)”, Feb 2017 www.advancedwireless.eu 14 © 2021 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Future Wireless Technologies Wireless Technologies 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Today Future Backhaul/Access: (1) sub-6 Enhancements for up to 100 GHz; New design for spectrum above 100 GHz; New design for spectrum up to 300 GHz; Spectrum GHz; and (2) up to 100 GHz New spectrum (6-7 GHz; 100-170 GHz) AI-aided spectrum management; joint sensing and comms Integrated sensing and comms Larger antenna arrays (e.g. 512 or more) and super- Holographic beamforming; PAAs of 1024 Centralized arch.; Up to Enhancements to beamforming for Massive MIMO 256 AAs; Digital/Digital- directivity at higher frequencies; Distributed and or more; Reconfigurable intelligent higher frequencies and multi-users Analogue beamforming coordinated multi-point schemes. surfaces; AI-aided ultra massive MIMO OFDM-based with flexible OFDM-based with new numerology New waveforms to cope with (1) massive MTC (e.g. UFMC); (2) higher frequencies (e.g. Impulse-based); Waveforms numerology tailored to new frequencies (3) positioning accuracy; and (4) low power and higher energy efficiency LDPC/Polar codes; Uniform Enhancements to LDPC/Polar + QAM; AI-aided channel codes (e.g. LDPC/Polar/Read-Muller) for 100s of Gbps throughputs; AI-aided Coding and Modulations constellations (up to 256QAM) Early non-uniform constellations constellation shaping and non-uniform constellations with orders exceeding 256QAM Orthogonal T/F/C-DMA; Limited enhancements; Resurgence of non-orthogonal multiple access aided with AI; Multiple
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