Nepalese Culture Vol. XIV : 1-12, 2021 Central Department of NeHCA, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187 River Culture in Nepal Kamala Dahal- Ph.D Associate Professor, Patan Multipal Campus, T.U. E-mail: kamala.dahal@pmc.tu.edu.np Abstract Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladevi are known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese culture. Key words: sacred, sacraments, purity, specialities, bath. Introduction The geography of any localities play an influencing role for the development of culture of a society. It affects a society directly and indirectly. In the beginning the nomads passed their lives for thousands of year in the jungle.
Zombie Slayers in a “Hidden Valley” (Sbas Yul): Sacred Geography and Political Organisation in the Nepal-Tibet Borderland1
Zombie Slayers in a “Hidden Valley” (sbas yul): Sacred Geography and Political Organisation in the Nepal-Tibet Borderland1 Francis Khek Gee Lim The Himalaya, with its high peaks and deep valleys, served for centuries as natural geographical frontier and boundary between the kingdoms and states of South Asia it straddles. Given the strategic advantage of controlling that high ground, it is little wonder that the Himalaya has throughout history witnessed countless skirmishes between neighbouring states that sought such strategic advantage. The interest in this mountain range, of course, was not restricted to matters of defence. North-south trade routes criss-crossed the Himalayan range, connecting the Tibetan plateau to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, ensuring lucrative tax revenues for those who controlled these economic lifelines. In the era of European colonialism in the “long” 19th century, the Himalaya became embroiled in what has been called the “Great Game” between the British and Russian empires, who sought to expand their respective commercial and imperial interests in the region. Due to its pristine environment, awe-inspiring mountains, and the remoteness of its valleys, the Himalaya was also the well-spring of countless legends, myths and romantic imaginings, engendering the sacralisation of the landscape that had served as a source of religious inspiration for peoples living both in its vicinity and beyond. Hence, despite its remoteness — or because of it — warfare, pilgrimages, trade and the search for viable areas of settlement have been some of the key factors contributing to the migratory process and interest in the area. Largely because they lay in the frontier zone, enclaves of Tibetan settlements located deep in the numerous Himalayan valleys were often on the outer fringes of state influence, enjoying a significant degree of local autonomy until processes of state consolidation intensified in the last century or so, as exemplified by the case of Nepal.
How Do Multiple Kernel Functions in Machine Learning Algorithms Improve Precision in Flood Probability Mapping?
How Do Multiple Kernel Functions in Machine Learning Algorithms Improve Precision in Flood Probability Mapping? Muhammad Aslam Baig Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-8454-478X Donghong XIONG Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-6962-3551 Mahfuzur Rahman ( mfz.rahman@iubat.edu ) International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Md. Monirul Islam International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Ahmad Elbeltagi Mansoura University Belayneh Yigez Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Dil Kumar Rai Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Muhammad Tayab Northeast Normal University Ashraf Dewan Curtin University Bentley Campus: Curtin University Research Article Keywords: Hydro-climatic hazards, Machine learning algorithms, Gaussian process regression, Support vector machine, Climate change Posted Date: August 17th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-749595/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 How do multiple kernel functions in machine learning algorithms improve precision in 2 flood probability mapping? 3 Muhammad Aslam Baiga,b, Donghong Xionga,*, Mahfuzur Rahmanc*, Md. Monirul Islamc, Ahmed Elbeltagid,e, 4 Belayneh Yigeza,b, Dil Kumar Raia,b, Muhammad Tayabf, Ashraf Dewang 5 aKey Laboratory for Mountain Hazards and Earth
Geography Dept. B.H.U.: List of PhD awarded, 1958-2013 1 Updated: 19 August 2013: The 67th Geography Foundation Day B.H.U. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005. INDIA Department of Geography Doctoral Dissertation, Ph.D., in Geography: 1958 – 2013. No. Name of Scholar Title of the Doctoral Dissertation Awarded, & pub. year 1 2 3 4 1. Supervisor : Prof. Ram Lochan Singh (1946-1977) (late) 1. Shanti Lal Kayastha Himalayan Beas-Basin : A Study in Habitat, Economy 1958 and Society Pub. 1964 2. Radhika Narayan Ground Water Hydrology of Meerut District, U.P 1960 Mathur (earlier worked under Prof. Raj Nath, Geology Dept.) Pub. 1969 3. M. N. Nigam Urban Geography of Lucknow : (Submitted at Agra 1960 University) 4. S. L. Duggal Land Utilization Pattern in Moradabad District 1962 (submitted at Punjab University) 5. Vijay Ram Singh Land Utilization in the Neighbourhood of Mirzapur, U.P. 1962 Pub. 1970 6. Jagdish Singh Transport Geography of South Bihar 1962 Pub. 1964 7. Baccha Prasad Rao Vishakhapatanam : A Study in Geography of Port Town 1962 Pub. 1971 8. (Ms) Surinder Pannu Agro-Industrial Relationship in Saryupar Plain of U.P. 1962 9. Kashi N. Singh Rural Markets and Rurban Centres in Eastern U.P. 1963 10. Basant Singh Land Utilization in Chakia Tahsil, Varanasi 1963 11. Ram Briksha Singh Geography of Transport in U.P. 1963 Pub. 1966 12. S. P. Singh Bhagalpur : A Study in Regional Geography 1964 13. N. D. Bhattacharya Murshidabad : A Study in Settlement Geography 1965 14. Attur Ramesh TamiInadu Deccan: A Study. in Urban Geography 1965 15.
By Dr Rafiq Ahmad Hajam (Deptt. of Geography GDC Boys Anantnag) Cell No
Sixth Semester Geography Notes (Unit-I) by Dr Rafiq Ahmad Hajam (Deptt. of Geography GDC Boys Anantnag) Cell No. 9797127509 GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA The word geography was coined by Eratosthenes, a Greek philosopher and mathematician, in 3rd century B.C. For his contribution in the discipline, he is regarded as the father of Geography. Location: India as a country, a part of earth‟s surface, is located in the Northern-Eastern Hemispheres between 80 4 N and 370 6 N latitudes and 680 7 E and 970 25 E longitudes. If the islands are taken into consideration, the southern extent goes up to 60 45 N. In India, Tropic of Cancer (230 30 N latitude) passes through eight states namely (from west to east) Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. Time: the 820 30E longitude is taken as the Indian Standard Time meridian as it passes through middle (Allahabad) of the country. It is equal to 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. Same longitude is used by Nepal and Sri Lanka. Size and Shape: India is the 7th largest country in the world with an area of 3287263 sq. km (32.87 lakh sq. km=3.287 million sq. km), after Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil and Australia. It constitutes 0.64% of the total geographical area of the world and 2.4% of the total land surface area of the world. The area of India is 20 times that of Britain and almost equal to the area of Europe excluding Russia. Rajasthan (342000 sq.
Mountain Tourism in Nepal: an Overview on the Sustainable Inclusion of Local Communities
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Mountain Forum Mountain tourism in Nepal: An overview on the sustainable inclusion of local communities Pranil Kumar Upadhayaya ∗ Bishnu Raj Upreti ∗ Abstract: The recent great political transformation of Nepal as a democratic republic has raised high expectations of mountain communities in socio-economic sphere through mountain tourism as well. Nepal, due to unique nature and unspoiled culture amidst a number of ethnic people and races natives in mountains & Himalayan regions, has undoubtedly bigger scope for the development of mountain tourism. Mountain tourism development is not attainable without the greater involvements of local communities, their enthusiastic participations, and sincere contributions. Though a number of efforts through policies and actions are made to enhance local communities’ participation in mountain tourism in Nepal, a general look shed light on the on the incomplete and puzzling picture raising a number of issues and questions on real participations of local people without prejudice on participatory decision makings & benefits sharing. The widespread involvement of local people in mountain tourism is not only mandatory for the comprehensive development of mountain tourism, but also for fulfillment of the livelihoods related inevitable needs of mountain people as key local stakeholders. The post-conflict Nepal after the end of a decade long (1996-2006) violent conflict is passing through the fragile period of transition. The local communities’ participation in equitable manner is increasingly important to prevent from their discontent and frustration, if not fulfilled, can further induce the possibility of the recurrence of any kind of unwarranted conflict in Nepal.
Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (FAA 118 & 119)
Tropical Forestry and Biodiversity (FAA 118 & 119) Assessment Report Nepal May 17, 2010 Team Members Bijay Kumar Singh Team Leader and Forestry Expert Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha Ph.D. Biodiversity Expert Shyam Upadhaya PES Expert Hom Mani Bhandari Soil and Watershed Expert Manish Shrestha GIS Expert Andrew Steele Editor With inputs and support from Netra Sharma (Sapkota), USAID/Nepal Disclaimer This assessment was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect views of USAID or the United States Government. i Acknowledgements The study team leader would like to thank USAID/Nepal for giving us the opportunity to carry out this study. I would like to express special thanks to Dr. Bill Patterson, and the other professional staff at both USAID and the US Embassy who kindly provided cooperation and logistic support. Special thanks also go to Mr. Netra Sharma (Sapkota), Cognizant Technical Officer of USAID/Nepal for his inputs and whole-hearted support for the study. In addition I would like to thank Mr. Prakash Mathema, Mr. Govinda Prasad Kafley, Dr. Jagadish Chandra Baral, Mr. Krishna Acharya, Dr. Bhisma Subedi, and the many other government and non-government officials who directly and indirectly provided their intellectual input. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of the team members who worked extremely hard in the preparation of this report. Bijay Kumar Singh Study Team Leader ii Abbreviations and Acronyms ACAP
PRELIMS SAMPOORN As IAS prelims 2021 is knocking at the door, jitters and anxiety is a common emotion that an aspirant feels. But if we analyze the whole journey, these last few days act most crucial in your preparation. This is the time when one should muster all their strength and give the fi nal punch required to clear this exam. But the main task here is to consolidate the various resources that an aspirant is referring to. GS SCORE brings to you, Prelims Sampoorna, a series of all value-added resources in your prelims preparation, which will be your one-stop solution and will help in reducing your anxiety and boost your confi dence. As the name suggests, Prelims Sampoorna is a holistic program, which has 360- degree coverage of high-relevance topics. It is an outcome-driven initiative that not only gives you downloads of all resources which you need to summarize your preparation but also provides you with All India open prelims mock tests series in order to assess your learning. Let us summarize this initiative, which will include: GS Score UPSC Prelims 2021 Yearly Current Affairs Compilation of All 9 Subjects Topic-wise Prelims Fact Files (Approx. 40) Geography Through Maps (6 Themes) Map Based Questions ALL India Open Prelims Mock Tests Series including 10 Tests Compilation of Previous Year Questions with Detailed Explanation We will be uploading all the resources on a regular basis till your prelims exam. To get the maximum benefi t of the initiative keep visiting the website. To receive all updates through notifi cation, subscribe: https://t.me/iasscore https://www.youtube.com/c/IASSCOREoffi cial/ https://www.facebook.com/gsscoreoffi cial https://www.instagram.com/gs.scoreoffi cial/ https://twitter.com/gsscoreoffi cial https://www.linkedin.com/company/gsscoreoffi cial/ Contents 1.
Holy Cross Fax: Worcester, MA 01610-2395 UNITED STATES
NEH Application Cover Sheet Summer Seminars and Institutes PROJECT DIRECTOR Mr. Todd Thornton Lewis E-mail:tlewis@holycross.edu Professor of World Religions Phone(W): 508-793-3436 Box 139-A 425 Smith Hall Phone(H): College of the Holy Cross Fax: Worcester, MA 01610-2395 UNITED STATES Field of Expertise: Religion: Nonwestern Religion INSTITUTION College of the Holy Cross Worcester, MA UNITED STATES APPLICATION INFORMATION Title: Literatures, Religions, and Arts of the Himalayan Region Grant Period: From 10/2014 to 12/2015 Field of Project: Religion: Nonwestern Religion Description of Project: The Institute will be centered on the Himalayan region (Nepal, Kashmir, Tibet) and focus on the religions and cultures there that have been especially important in Asian history. Basic Hinduism and Buddhism will be reviewed and explored as found in the region, as will shamanism, the impact of Christianity and Islam. Major cultural expressions in art history, music, and literature will be featured, especially those showing important connections between South Asian and Chinese civilizations. Emerging literatures from Tibet and Nepal will be covered by noted authors. This inter-disciplinary Institute will end with a survey of the modern ecological and political problems facing the peoples of the region. Institute workshops will survey K-12 classroom resources; all teachers will develop their own curriculum plans and learn web page design. These resources, along with scholar presentations, will be published on the web and made available for teachers worldwide. BUDGET Outright Request $199,380.00 Cost Sharing Matching Request Total Budget $199,380.00 Total NEH $199,380.00 GRANT ADMINISTRATOR Ms.
Volume 10 March 2017 JOURNAL OF NEPAL THE GEOGRAPHICAL Volume 10 March 2017 THE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF NEPAL THE GEOGRAPHICAL In this issue: Are doomsday scenarios best seen as failed predictions or political detonators? The case of the ‘Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation’ Tor H Aase JOURNAL OF NEPAL Revisit to functional classification of towns in Nepal Chandra Bahadur Shrestha, and Shiba Prasad Rijal Development of a decision support model for optimization of tour time to visit tourist destination points in a city Jagat Kumar Shrestha Myth and reality of the eco-crisis in Nepal Himalaya Hriday Lal Koirala Firewood management practice by hoteliers and non-hoteliers in Langtang valley, Nepal Himalayas Prem Sagar Chapagain Livelihood and coping strategies among urban poor people in post-conflict period: Case of the Kathmandu, Nepal Kedar Dahal Tourism development and economic and socio-cultural consequences in Everest Region Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai Biodiversity resources and livelihoods: A case from Lamabagar Village Development Committee, Dolakha District, Nepal Uttam Sagar Shrestha Humanistic Geography: How it blends with human geography through methodology Volume 10 March 2017 Volume Kanhaiya Sapkota Gender development perspective: A contemporary review in global and Nepalese context Balkrishna Baral The contested common pool resource: Ground water use in urban Kathmandu, Nepal Shobha Shrestha Park-people interaction - Its impact on livelihood and adaptive measures: A case study of Shivapur VDC, Bardiya District, Nepal Narayan
Nepal-China-India Relation: a Geostrategic Perspectives
Journal of APF Command and Staff College (2021) 4:1, 28-40 Journal of APF Command and Staff College Nepal-China-India Relation: A Geostrategic Perspectives Kabi Prasad Pokhrel Professor, Central Department of Geography Education, CDGE, TU, Nepal drkabipokhrel@gmail.com Abstract Article History This paper is an attempt to trace out the Nepal ‘s Received August 16, 2020 China-India relation in the context of dynamic Accepted November 10, 2020 changes of powerful nations of the world as well as emerging regional countries. Existing international relation of Nepal is needed tactic diplomacy to take maximum economic and technological benefits Keywords from global major powerful countries and emerging Geostrategic locations, regional countries. The existing foreign relation of powerful nations, Nepal and future adaptive strategies have been trans-Himalayan route, discussed using qualitative approach. By reviewing and political economy, and tactic diplomacy. synthesizing ongoing initiations of present government at the global, regional and national level, paper drew the conclusion to maintain balance relation between and among the north -south two neighbors including super power of the world. Paper further emphasized Corresponding Editor to adopt among equals foreign relation strategy to take Ramesh Raj Kunwar benefits from the emerging powerful countries in the kunwar.dr@gmail.com Asian region. Copyright@2021 Author Published by: APF Command and Staff College, Kathmandu, Nepal ISSN 2616-0242 Pokhrel: Nepal China-India Relation: A Geostrategic Perspectives 29 Introduction Geostrategy considers in a tactical military sense, political sense and culturally defined territorial sense in terms of spatial distribution of resources, peoples and geo-physical systems. Cohen (2010) viewed that the geopolitical structure, its role and capacities as the geopolitical forces it shapes the international relation system and diplomatic tactics of any nations.