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Download Geography Tutorial (PDF Version) Geography About the Tutorial Geography is a comprehensive subject that includes a wide range of topics like the location of geographic regions; weather system; soils; physical features such as mountains, rivers, and other relief features; population composition; infrastructure; diversity of nature as well as people and their cultures, and many more. So, Geography is one of the essential disciplines of Social Science and its applied knowledge is used in everyday life. This tutorial is divided into different chapters and explains the concept of Geography along with relevant examples. Audience This tutorial is designed exclusively for the students preparing for the different competitive exams including civil services, banking, railway, eligibility test, and all other competitive exams of such kind. Furthermore, the school students (especially class 11th and 12th standard) can also take advantage of this tutorial for the fast revision of their Geography course (especially during the annual exam time). Prerequisites This tutorial is entirely based on NCERT Geography (class 8th to 12th) books; all the important points, concepts, and definition are filtered. Therefore, prior knowledge of basic geography or else having experience of reading NCERT Geography books is essential to understand the topics. Disclaimer & Copyright Copyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected] 1 Geography Table of Contents About the Tutorial ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Audience .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Prerequisites .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Disclaimer & Copyright .............................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 2 PART 1: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA .............................................................................................. 6 1. INDIA - Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7 India - Location .......................................................................................................................................... 7 India - Size.................................................................................................................................................. 7 Indian Standard Meridian .......................................................................................................................... 9 India & Neighbors ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2. India: Physical Aspect ....................................................................................................................... 11 India - Evolution ....................................................................................................................................... 11 India - Structure ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Physiography ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Northern and Northeastern Mountains .................................................................................................. 13 Northern Plains ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Peninsular Plateau ................................................................................................................................... 15 Indian Desert ........................................................................................................................................... 17 Coastal Plains ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Islands ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 3. India: Drainage System ..................................................................................................................... 20 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Drainage Pattern ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Classification of Drainage ........................................................................................................................ 21 Himalayan Drainage ................................................................................................................................ 22 The Brahmaputra..................................................................................................................................... 27 Peninsular River System .......................................................................................................................... 28 4. India: Climate .................................................................................................................................... 32 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Factors Influencing Climate ..................................................................................................................... 33 Winter ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 Summer ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Monsoon ................................................................................................................................................. 34 Interesting Facts ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Koeppen’s Climate Classification ............................................................................................................. 37 5. India: Natural Vegetation .................................................................................................................. 39 Classification of Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 39 6. India: National Forest ....................................................................................................................... 43 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 43 Category of National Forest..................................................................................................................... 44 Social Forestry ......................................................................................................................................... 45 2 Geography 7. India: Wildlife ................................................................................................................................... 46 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Wildlife Act .............................................................................................................................................. 46 Biosphere Reserve ................................................................................................................................... 47 8. India: Soil .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 52 Soil Profile ...............................................................................................................................................
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