Karlla Danielle Jorge Amorim

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Karlla Danielle Jorge Amorim UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SISTEMÁTICA E EVOLUÇÃO PADRÕES CITOGENÔMICOS EM ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA LABRIDAE DA COSTA NORDESTE E ILHAS OCEÂNICAS DO BRASIL KARLLA DANIELLE JORGE AMORIM ________________________________________________ Dissertação de Mestrado Natal/RN, fevereiro de 2016 Padrões citogenômicos em espécies da família Labridae da costa nordeste e ilhas oceânicas do Brasil Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução/PPGSE, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de mestre em Sistemática e Evolução. Karlla Danielle Jorge Amorim Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Franco Molina Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo de Bello Cioffi Natal – RN 2016 Catalogação da Publicação na Fonte. UFRN / Biblioteca Setorial do Centro de Biociências Amorim, Karlla Danielle Jorge. Padrões citogenômicos em espécies da família Labridae da costa nordeste e ilhas oceânicas do Brasil / Karlla Danielle Jorge Amorim. – Natal, RN, 2016. 65 f.: il. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner Franco Molina. Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo de Bello Cioffi. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução. 1. Citogenética de peixes. – Dissertação. 2. DNAr. – Dissertação. 3. Genes sintênicos. – Dissertação. 4. Budiões. – Dissertação. I. Molina, Wagner Franco. II. Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello. III. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. IV. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 575 Padrões citogenômicos em espécies da família Labridae da costa nordeste e ilhas oceânicas do Brasil Karlla Danielle Jorge Amorim Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução/PPGSE da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de mestre em Sistemática e Evolução. _________________________________________________ Dr. Paulo Augusto de Lima Filho IFRN _________________________________________________ Dr. Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa UFRN _________________________________________________ Dr. Wagner Franco Molina (Presidente da Banca – UFRN) “A persistência é o caminho do êxito.” Charles Chaplin À minha mãe, Fátima AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus por toda providência em minha vida. A minha família por todo amor e carinho, não só durante o mestrado, mas em todos os anos da minha vida. Em especial a minha avó Terezinha, meu avô Francisco e minha tia Mônica que me ajudaram quando tudo pareceu mais difícil; aos meus sobrinhos Lara e Miguel por alegrarem meus dias e, principalmente, a minha mãe Fátima por abrir mão de seus interesses para que seus filhos pudessem estudar e ter um futuro melhor. Aos amigos de vida e de graduação que torceram por mim, principalmente Juliana, Khadija e Roberta que foram minhas companheiras “em uma etapa na qual a união de forças fez toda a diferença”. Aos amigos do LGRM que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente com esta pesquisa: Allyson, Amanda, Aparecida, Cristiane, Clóvis, Davi, Divana, Gideão, Inailson, Jeane, Juliana, Josi, Leonardo Calado, Paulo, Rafael, Roberta, Rodrigo e Vanessa. Agradeço ao Professor Dr. Wagner Franco Molina por abrir as portas do laboratório para mim, pela orientação e por me fazer crescer pessoalmente, profissionalmente e academicamente. Ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução e todo seu corpo docente pelo suporte oferecido durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. A SECIRM e Marinha do Brasil pelo 34º Treinamento Pré-Arquipélago e pela viagem ao Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo, à tripulação do Transmar que realizou nosso transporte e a administração e ICMBio pela colaboração com a coleta realizada no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha. Aos membros da banca: Professor Dr. Paulo Augusto de Lima Filho, Dr. Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa e ao Professor Dr. Carlos Alfredo Galindo Blaha. A CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) pela bolsa concedida. SUMÁRIO Lista de figuras e tabela................................................................................................. 8 Resumo.......................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract......................................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUÇÃO....................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Família Labridae.............................................................................................. 11 1.2. Filogenia e taxonomia de Labridae.................................................................. 12 1.3. Aspectos citogenéticos de Labridae................................................................. 13 2. OBJETIVOS............................................................................................................ 17 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS.................................................................................... 17 3.1. Material............................................................................................................ 17 3.2. Métodos............................................................................................................ 19 3.2.1. Técnica de estimulação mitótica......................................................................... 19 3.2.2. Técnica de obtenção de cromossomos mitóticos....................................... 20 3.2.3. Preparação das lâminas.............................................................................. 20 3.2.4. Detecção das Regiões Organizadoras de Nucléolos (RONs)..................... 20 3.2.5. Detecção de heterocromatina (Banda-C)................................................... 20 3.2.6. Coloração com fluorocromo base-específicos DAPI e MM...................... 21 3.2.7. Hibridização in situ com fluorescência – FISH......................................... 21 3.2.8. Análise cromossômica................................................................................ 22 4. CAPÍTULOS............................................................................................................ 23 4.1. Dinâmica dos genes ribossomais em cromossomos das espécies do gênero Halichoeres (Labridae, Perciformes).................................................................. 23 4.2. Comparação de padrões citogenéticos entre populações Atlânticas costeiras e insulares das espécies do gênero Halichoeres e Thalassoma......................................................................................................... 41 5. CONCLUSÕES...................................................................................................... 56 6. REFERÊNCIAS..................................................................................................... 57 LISTA DE FIGURAS E TABELAS INTRODUÇÃO Tabela 1. Revisão dos dados citogenéticos da família Labridae........................... 15 Figura 1. Exemplares das espécies Halichoeres radiatus (a), H. brasiliensis (b), H. poeyi (c), H. penrosei (d) e Thalassoma noronhanum (e). Barra=2cm............................................................................................ 18 Figura 2. Pontos de coleta das espécies de Labridae analisadas. ASPSP; FN; AR; RN; BA; e Ilha da Trindade. As cores no mapa representam as espécies coletadas. Halichoeres radiatus (vermelho), H. brasiliensis (verde), H. poeyi (amarelo), H. penrosei (lilás) e Thalassoma noronhanum (azul)............................................................................ 19 CAPÍTULO I Figura 1. Pontos de coleta das espécies de Labridae analisadas. Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (AFN); Atol das Rocas (AR); Rio Grande do Norte (RN); Bahia (BA); e Ilha da Trindade (IT). Halichoeres radiatus (AFN), H. brasiliensis (RN), H. poeyi (BA), H. penrosei (IT) e Thalassoma noronhanum (AR)............................................................ 27 Figura 2. Cariótipos das espécies T. noronhanum (a), H. penrosei (b), H. poeyi (c), H. radiatus (d) e H. brasiliensis (e). Em destaque nas caixas, os pares portadores dos sítios Ag-RONs. Barra=5 μm................................ 30 Figura 3. Double-FISH com sondas DNAr 18S (vermelho) e DNAr 5S (verde) e coloração com os fluorocromos MM/DAPI nos cromossomos de T. noronhanum (a), H. penrosei (b), H. poeyi (c), H. radiatus (d) e H. brasiliensis (e). Os asteriscos correspondem aos pares cromossômicos com sítios DNAr 18S/5S co-localizados. Barra=5 μm............................ 31 Figura 4. Padrões evolutivos dos sítios ribossomais nas espécies T. noronhanum, H. radiatus, H. poeyi, H. brasiliensis e H. penrosei, sob perspectiva filogenética (Relações filogenéticas adaptadas de Rocha, Pinheiro & Gasparini, 2010)............................................................... 34 Tabela 1. Variação entre o valor diplóide e o número fundamental entre as subfamílias ou tribos cariotipadas até o momento. (Adaptada de Arai, 2011).............................................................................................. 35 CAPÍTULO II Figura 1. Pontos de coleta para H. radiatus (Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo e Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha), H. poeyi (Litoral do Rio Grande do Norte e Bahia) e Thalassoma noronhanum (Atol das Rocas e Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha). As setas correspondem as principais correntes de superfície no Atlântico Sul. CB;
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