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Fishes of Yaku-Shima Island Fishes of Yaku-shima Island A World Heritage Island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, Southern Japan Cover image: Platax teira, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki) Right image: tide-pool at Kurio, Yaku-shima Island (photo by H. Motomura) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island A World Heritage Island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, Southern Japan Edited by Hiroyuki Motomura and Keiichi Matsuura National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo Copy Right © 2010 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the photographs are held by the photographers. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows: Hiroyuki Motomura and Keiichi Matsuura (eds.). 2010. Fishes of Yaku-shima Island – A World Heritage island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. viii + 264 pp., 704 figs. ISBN 978-4-87803-031-4 DTP by Hiroyuki Motomura, Kagoshima University Museum H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010 Preface The Kuroshio Current, originating in the tropical western North Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, flows northward towards the main islands of Japan via the Ryukyu Islands. Senou et al. (2006) studied the fish faunas of the Ryukyus and other islands in southern Japan by using observation records of fishes stored in a fish image database, FishPix (http://fishpix.kahaku.go.jp/ fishimage-e/index.html). Their analysis clearly showed two major roles for the Kuroshio Current, firstly as a conveyor for fishes being transported from the tropics to southern Japan and secondly as a strong barrier that makes it difficult for warm-temperate fishes living along the coasts of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and associated small islands to move southward to the Ryukyu Islands. How- ever, their conclusion needs to be corroborated by detailed studies that utilize morphological and genetic analyses of local populations of fishes. In April 2007, 11 ichthyologists, Keiichi Matsuura, Hiromitsu Endo, Yukio Iwatsuki, Yoshiaki Kai, Seishi Kimura, Izumi Kinoshita, Hiroyuki Motomura, Mutsumi Nishida, Takashi Minami, Hiroshi Senou and Tetsuo Yoshino, joined forces to study further the influence of the Kuroshio Current on fish faunas in southern Japan. This research, called the Kuroshio Project, was supported for three years by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (A: 19208019) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This team studied several groups of fishes (e.g., atherinids, carangids, gobiids, serranids and sparids), occurring both in temperate and tropical waters, to determine the two major roles of the Kuroshio Current by using DNA analysis with additional morpho- logical data (these studies will be published elsewhere). During the Kuroshio Project, fishes of Yaku-shima Island were heavily studied by this team of ich- thyologists because fishes of this island have been poorly studied in terms of zoogeography and taxonomy, and the fish fauna of this island comprises tem- perate and tropical elements. Accordingly, the number of observation records of fishes from Yaku-shima Island in Senou et al. (2006) was relatively smaller than those from another 11 sites from southern Japan. Yaku-shima Island is located at an interesting point in terms of the zoogeography of Japanese fishes. The Kuroshio Current courses northward along the East China Sea side of the Ryukyu Islands and then flows into the Tokara Straits and returns to the Pacific side immediately south of Yaku-shima Island. This suggests that a study on fishes of Yaku-shima Island may provide a good opportunity to clarify how the Kuroshio Current affects fish faunas in southern Japan. v The JSPS project team sent two expeditions to Yaku-shima Island in the summers of 2008 and 2009. Their collection and analysis of shallow-water fishes around the Island resulted in this book that comprises six papers about the fishes of Yaku-shima Island. Although the JSPS Kuroshio Project produced many interesting zoogeographical and taxonomical findings on fishes, it also demonstrated the need for further studies on fishes and marine invertebrates in order to clarify the influence of the Kuroshio Current on marine faunas in southern Japan. As the current Kuroshio Project will expire at the end of March 2010, a new research team was organized in April 2009 to focus on fishes, marine invertebrates and marine microfossils. This new Kuroshio Project will continue for four more years to study the role of the Kuroshio Current with re- spect to the zoogeography, taxonomy and phylogeography of major groups of marine organisms in southern Japan. Senou, H., K. Matsuura and G. Shinohara. 2006. Checklist of fishes in the Sagami Sea with zoogeographical comments on shallow water fishes occurring in the coasts under the influence of the Kuroshio Current. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, (41):389–542. Keiichi Matsuura Principal Investigator, the JSPS Kuroshio Project Collection Director, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo vi H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010 Editors Hiroyuki Motomura, PhD Kagoshima University Museum 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan Ph: +81 99 285 8111 Fax: +81 99 285 7267 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/staff/motomura/motomura.html Keiichi Matsuura, PhD National Museum of Nature and Science 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan Ph: +81 3 5332 7167 Fax: +81 3 3364 7104 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://research.kahaku.go.jp/zoology/uodas/index.html Cephalopholis sonnerati, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki) vii Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. v Editors ................................................................................................................. vii First records of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius hemimelas, from Japan Meguro, M. and H. Motomura ........................................................................................................... 1 New records of a triplefin, Enneapterygius leucopunctatus, from southern Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae) Endo, H., E. Katayama, M. Miyake and K. Watase .......................................................................... 9 Distributional range extension of a scorpionfish, Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, in the Indo–Pacific, and comments on synonymy of S. parvipinnis (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) Motomura, H., G. Ogihara and K. Hagiwara ................................................................................. 17 Apogonid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes) of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan Yoshida, T., S. Harazaki and H. Motomura ................................................................................... 27 Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan Motomura, H., K. Kuriiwa, E. Katayama, H. Senou, G. Ogihara, M. Meguro, M. Matsunuma, Y. Takata, T. Yoshida, M. Yamashita, S. Kimura, H. Endo, A. Murase, Y. Iwatsuki, Y. Sakurai, S. Harazaki, K. Hidaka, H. Izumi and K. Matsuura ........................................................................................... 65 Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan Yonezawa, T., A. Shinomiya and H. Motomura ........................................................................... 249 Pentapodus aureofasciatus, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki) viii H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010 First records of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius hemimelas, from Japan Masatoshi Meguro* and Hiroyuki Motomura Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan *Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Four male specimens (19.4–21.8 mm standard length) of Enneapterygius hemimelas (Kner and Steindachner, 1867) (Tripterygiidae) were collected from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefec- ture, Kyushu, Japan. Because previous Japanese records of E. hemimelas were based on mis-identi- fications of E. bahasa or E. flavoccipitis, and the northernmost record of E. hemimelas was Taiwan, the Yaku-shima Island specimens examined in this study represent the first records of E. hemimelas from Japan and the northernmost record for the species. Key words: Tripterygiidae, Enneapterygius hemimelas, distribution, Yaku-shima Island, Japan. Introduction an anal fin with 1 spine, a pelvic fin with 1 spine The triplefin genus Enneapterygius Rüppell, and 2 soft rays, and the head, opercle, pectoral-fin 1835 (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae) in the west- base and abdomen naked (Fricke, 1997). How- ern and central Pacific Ocean was reviewed by ever, synapomorphies for the genus have not been Fricke (1997), then Fricke (2009) recognized 42 defined, and further investigation at the generic valid species in the region. In addition, E. sheni level is therefore necessary (Motomura et al., and E. shaoi were described by Chiang and Chen 2005). (2008) as new species from
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