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Brazilian Tropical Fishes in Their Southern Limit of Distribution: Checklist of Santa Catarina’S Rocky Reef Ichthyofauna, Remarks and New Records

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Brazilian Tropical Fishes in Their Southern Limit of Distribution: Checklist of Santa Catarina’S Rocky Reef Ichthyofauna, Remarks and New Records 11 4 1688 the journal of biodiversity data 13 June 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(4): 1688, 13 June 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1688 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Brazilian tropical fishes in their southern limit of distribution: checklist of Santa Catarina’s rocky reef ichthyofauna, remarks and new records Antônio Batista Anderson1, Alfredo Carvalho-Filho2, Renato Araujo Morais1, Lucas Teixeira Nunes1, Juan Pablo Quimbayo1 and Sergio Ricardo Floeter1* 1 Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil 2 Fish Bizz Ltda., Rua Moncorvo Filho, 51, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05507-060, Brazil * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: We present a checklist of 278 species of reef characterized by granitic rocky reefs influenced by both fishes recorded along the coastline of Santa Catarina warm tropical waters from the Brazil Current and cool state, the southernmost limit of distribution of tropical waters from the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). ichthyofauna on the coast of Brazil. Twelve new This water mass intrudes on the shallow coastal shelf species records for this state are presented: Acanthurus of this region (Acha et al. 2004), especially during coeruleus, Acanthurus monroviae, Apogon americanus, spring and summer northeastern winds, and features Cantherhines macrocerus, Chaetodon sedentarius, Chromis temperatures of ≤16°C (Carvalho et al. 1998). In the flavicauda, Clepticus brasiliensis, Decapterus punctatus, southernmost part of the Brazilian coast, the cold La Gymnothorax vicinus, Herpetoichthys regius, Muraena Plata Plume Water (PPW) coming from the discharge retifera and Stegastes partitus. Stegastes partitus and H. of the La Plata River (at 35°S) reaches coastal areas regius are reported for the first time, respectively, from during the winter (Möller Jr. et al. 2008). The low the Southwestern Atlantic and for the coastal part of temperatures generated by these water masses affect this region, while Acanthurus monroviae is reported the distribution of tropical marine organisms in the for the second time for the Southwestern Atlantic. region (Boschi 2000; Floeter et al. 2001, 2008; Spalding We present habitat distribution, trophic structure and et al. 2007; Barneche et al. 2009; Anderson et al. 2014a, comment on biogeographic affinities of this transitional 2014b), precluding some of them from establishing region, discussing both remarkable species presences southwards. Mangrove forests (Sobrinho et al. 1969), and absences. corallith (Capel et al. 2012) and rhodolith beds (Gherardi 2004; Pascelli et al. 2013) are biological features of the Key words: rocky reefs, Southwestern Atlantic landscape that reach their southern limit of distribution Shelf, Teleostei, Elasmobranchii, Atlantic Subtropical in the Southwestern Atlantic, precisely in the state of Convergence, upwelling Santa Catarina. Coincidently, this state also represents the southern limit of occurrence of rocky reefs, with a large stretch of sandy beaches extending from it almost INTRODUCTION continuously to Uruguay. Therefore, for fishes and other The Brazilian reef ichthyofauna has been subject to organisms that inhabit hard substrates, Santa Catarina considerable research in the past 30 years. This was is the southernmost limit of the Brazilian biogeographic especially due to the popularization of scuba diving province (Floeter et al. 2008; Briggs and Bowen 2012). among Brazilian scientists, and to the improvements There are recent taxonomic inventories from São in genetics and computational power (Floeter et al. Paulo (Luiz et al. 2008) and Paraná (Hackradt and Félix- 2001; Rocha et al. 2008; Bernardi et al. 2013; Pita et al. Hackradt 2009) states in Brazil, as well as from the coast 2014). However, this region still remains poorly studied of Patagonia, in Argentina (Galván et al. 2009). However, in comparison to other biogeographic provinces in the despite its biogeographic importance, taxonomic world (Floeter et al. 2001). knowledge on Santa Catarina reef fishes remains largely The south and southeastern Brazilian coastline is outdated (e.g., Lema 1976; Lema et al. 1980; Godoy Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 1 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1688 Anderson et al. | Checklist of Santa Catarina’s rocky reef ichthyofauna Figure 1. Map of South America showing the influence of both warm tropical and cool waters along the southern Brazilian coast. The Santa Catarina state is represented in light blue (SC). The green ellipse represents the southernmost limit of distribution for tropical reef fish. The dashed arc represents the “Arc of Capricorn” region.The dashed and green polygons and numbers represent most sampled areas. 1987). Only localized (Hostim-Silva et al. 2006) and Data small-scale initiatives have adressed this issue through We base this work on over 12 years of underwater the last decade (Barneche et al. 2009; Anderson et al. observations using free and scuba diving conducted 2014a). In order to fill this knowledge gap, we provide by the authors (Anderson et al. 2014a; and Marine an updated checklist of reef fishes for the state of Santa Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory photo- Catarina, including twelve new records. Some of these graphic data bank), as well as museum vouchers and records are largely unexpected given they represent literature records (i.e., Godoy 1987; Carvalho-Filho 1999; range extensions of many thousands of kilometers over Floeter et al. 2008; Hostim-Silva et al. 2006; Anderson regions where those species were unrecorded, despite et al. 2014a). the presense of suitable reef habitat. In this paper, we consider reef fish to be those species which are associated with hard substrates after MATERIALS AND METHODS their post-settlement stage, whose habitat includes Study area the continental shelf and islands near the shore, and The coast of Santa Catarina is located between the spend any part of their lifecycle associated with rocky latitudes 25°57′ S and 29°23′ S, representing approxi- reef systems, including occasional epipelagic and soft mately 7% of the Brazilian coast (Diehl and Horn Filho substrate species known to occasionally feed, shelter, 1996) (Figure 1). This region is influenced by continental reproduce or search for cleaning services in rock reefs. inputs from rivers in the northern part of the coast Species that have never been observed in reefs in (i.e., Itapucu, Itajaí-açu, Tijucas and Tubarão Rivers) the study region were not considered. This includes (Carvalho et al. 1998; Hille et al. 2008). In the southern species from the families Achiridae, Atherinopsidae, portion of the state, the upwelling phenomenon during Coryphaenydae, Cynoglossidae, Engraulidae, and some austral summer and the influence of the La Plata River genera of Clupeidae and Scombridae. We consider here Plume (see PRSF Figure 1) and Sub-Antarctic Water species that occur between the surface and depths to 50 (Subtropical Shelf Front) during austral winter are key m, acknowledging that, albeit deeper occuring species oceanographic processes (Piola et al. 2000; Piola et al. do indeed use reef habitat, we have not been able to 2005). Complex coastal geography, including numer- adequately sample these depths. ous coastal islands, and the out put of various small to Because of recent changes in the classification of medium-sized rivers results in various types of environ- fishes (e.g., Near et al. 2012; Faircloth et al. 2013), fish ments, each having its own oceanographic features and families are listed alphabetically. We adopted recent species assemblages (Charrid 2011). taxonomic changes in our classification: Westneat Check List | www.biotaxa.org/cl 2 Volume 11 | Number 4 | Article 1688 Anderson et al. | Checklist of Santa Catarina’s rocky reef ichthyofauna and Alfaro (2005); Craig and Hastings (2007); Smith OC = occasional (sightings are not expected on a and Craig (2007); Choat et al. (2012); Boehm et al. regular basis); UN = unusual (sightings occur less (2013); Frable et al. (2013); Knudsen and Clements than occasionally); and RA = rare (sightings are (2013); and Silveira et al. (2014). exceptional). We also included the following information regarding Geographic range. The ranges of occurrence for spe- species biology: cies were based primarily in Floeter et al. (2008) and Habitat distribution. The physionomy within a Carvalho-Filho (1999), with additional notes provided rocky reef where a species is usually recorded. We by Galván et al. (2009). Abbreviations are as follow CT stipulated four different habitat types (Figure 2). = Circumtropical; CG = Circumglobal; AO = Atlantic The Reef slope (RS) is the zone associated with the Ocean; TA = Tropical Atlantic; EA = Eastern Atlantic; presence of rocky substrate ranging from the surface WA = Western Atlantic; SWA = Southwestern Atlantic; to the point where sediments start to make up a NWA = Northwestern Atlantic; MAR = Mid-Atlantic substantial contribution to bottom cover. This reef Ridge; MED = Mediterranean Sea; WIO = Western Indi- zone ranges from vertical to gently sloping surfaces an Ocean; IP = Indo-Pacific Ocean; NWP = Northwestern and comprise depths varying from six to almost 30 m. Pacific; and TEP = Tropical Eastern Pacific (Froese and The Sandy bottom (SB) is the zone covered essencially Pauly 2014). Brazilian Province endemics include species by sandy sediments (although
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