DOCSLIB.ORG

Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Erdmann, Gero Working Paper Ethnicity, Voter Alignment and Political Party Affiliation – an African Case: Zambia GIGA Working Papers, No. 45 Provided in Cooperation with: GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies Suggested Citation: Erdmann, Gero (2007) : Ethnicity, Voter Alignment and Political Party Affiliation – an African Case: Zambia, GIGA Working Papers, No. 45, German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/47807 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu GIGA Research Programme: ¢ȱȱĜ¢ȱȱȱ¢ ___________________________ Ethnicity, Voter Alignment and ȱ¢ȱĜȱȮȱ an African Case: Zambia Gero Erdmann N° 45 March 2007 www.giga-hamburg.de/workingpapers ==./2,**1= =470.3,= &5*78= = ).9*)='>==*72&3=389.9:9*=4+=14'&1=&3)=7*&=9:).*8=2=*.'3.?8389.9:9=+37=14'&1*= :3)="*,.43&1*=9:).*3_= %-*=470.3,=&5*7=*7.*8=8*7;*8=94=).88*2.3&9*=9-*=7*8*&7(-=7*8:198=4+=<470=.3=574,7*88= 57.47=94=5:'1.(&9.43=94=*3(4:7&,*=9-*=*=(-&3,*=4+=.)*&8=&3)=&(&)*2.(=)*'&9*_=3=4'/*(9.;*= 4+=9-*=8*7.*8=.8=94=,*9=9-*=+.3).3,8=4:9=6:.(01>`=*;*3=.+=9-*=57*8*39&9.438=&7*=1*88=9-&3=+:11>= 541.8-*)_=3(1:8.43=4+=&=5&5*7=.3=9-*=470.3,=&5*7=*7.*8=)4*8=349=(4389.9:9*=5:'1.(&9.43= &3)=8-4:1)=349=1.2.9=5:'1.(&9.43=.3=&3>=49-*7=;*3:*_=045>7.,-9=7*2&.38=<.9-=9-*=&:9-478_= -*3=470.3,=&5*78=&7*=*;*39:&11>=&((*59*)='>=47=5:'1.8-*)=.3=&=/4:73&1=47='440`=9-*= (477*(9=(.9&9.43=7*+*7*3(*=&3)`=.+=5488.'1*`=9-*=(477*8543).3,=1.30=<.11=9-*3='*=.3(1:)*)=.3= 9-*=470.3,=&5*78=<*'8.9*=&9a= <<<_,.,&8-&2':7,_)*2<470.3,5&5*78_= = =7*8*&7(-=:3.9=7*85438.'1*=+47=9-.8=.88:*a="*8*&7(-=74,7&22*= *,.9.2&(>=&3)= ++.8 (.*3(>=4+=41.9.(&1=>89*28= = ).947=4+=9-*==470.3,=&5*7=*7.*8a=4*79=54++2&33=0-4++2&33,.,&8-&2':7,_)*1= 045>7.,-9=+47=9-.8=.88:*a=&=*74= 7)2&33= = ).947.&1=&88.89&39=&3)=574):(9.43a=:*7*3&=;4-1*7=&3)=:*7&="&9-/*= = = = 11= = 470.3,= &5*78= &7*= &;&.1&'1*= 431.3*= &3)= +7**= 4+= (-&7,*= &9= 9-*= <*'8.9*a= <<<_,.,&8-&2':7,_)*2<470.3,5&5*78_=470.3,=&5*78=(&3=&184='*=47)*7*)=.3=57.39_=<47= 574):(9.43= &3)= 2&.1.3,= &= (4;*7= +**= 4+= W=/= .8= (-&7,*)_= <47= 47)*78= 47= &3>= 7*6:*898= 51*&8*= (439&(9a= 82&.1a=<470.3,5&5*78,.,&8-&2':7,_)*= -43*a=((.3=*.*=8=.,2=,/=/.2= = = = =*72&3=389.9:9*=4+=14'&1=&3)=7*&=9:).*8=2== *.'3.?8389.9:9=+37=14'&1*=:3)=*,.43&1*=9:).*3= *:*7= :3,+*7389.*,=,+= ,*-/.=$&2':7,= *72&3>= &82&.1a=.3+4,.,&8-&2':7,_)*= +*'8.9*a=<<<_,.,&8-&2':7,_)*= =+-=./2,**1= 9-3.(.9>`= 49*7=1.,32*39=&3)=41.9.(&1=&79>=++.1.&9.43=:== &3=+7.(&3=&8*a=&2'.&= = = '897&(9= /43;*39.43&1=<.8)42=-41)8=9-&9=*9-3.(.9>=574;.)*8=9-*=84(.&1=(1*&;&,*=+47=;49.3,='*-&;8 .4:7=&3)=5&79>=&++.1.&9.43=.3=+7.(&_=3*(&:8*=9-.8=.8=:8:&11>=.3+*77*)=+742=&,,7*,&9*=)&9&=4+= 3&9.43&1=*1*(9.43=7*8:198`=.9=2.,-9=574;*=94='*=&3=*(414,.(&1=+&11&(>_=5-*=*;.)*3(*='&8*)=43= .3).;.):&1=)&9&=+742=&3=45.3.43=8:7;*>=.3=6&2'.&=8:,,*898=9-&9=*9-3.(.9>=2&99*78=+47=;49*7= &1.,32*39=&3)=*;*3=247*=84=+47=5&79>=&++.1.&9.43`=':9=.9=.8=(*79&.31>=349=9-*=431>=+&(947_=5-*= &3&1>8.8=&184=54.398=94=&=3:2'*7=4+=6:&1.+.(&9.438=<-.(-=&7*=5&791>=2*9-4)414,>87*1&9*)_= 83*= .8= 9-&9= 9-*= )*,7**= 4+= *9-3.(= ;49.3,= (&3= ).++*7= +742= 43*= *9-348541.9.(&1= ,74:5= 94= 9-*= 49-*7=)*5*3).3,=43=;&7.4:8=)*,7**8=4+=*9-3.(=24'.1.8&9.43_=349-*7=.8=9-&9=.+=82&11*7=*9-8 3.(=,74:58=47=8:',74:58=)4=349=.)*39.+>=<.9-=43*=5&79.(:1&7=5&79>`=.9=.8=).++.(:19=94=+.3)=&= 8.,3.+.(&39=89&9.89.(&1=(477*1&9.43='*9<**3=5&79>=&++.1.&9.43=&3)=*9-3.(.9>=:=':9=9-&9=)4*8=349= 574;*=9-&9=9-*>=)4=349=&++.1.&9*=&143,=*9-3.(=1.3*8_= = :*>=<47)8a= 4(.&1= (1*&;&,*8`= *9-3.(.9>`= ;49.3,= '*-&;.4:7`= 541.9.(&1= 5&79>= .)*39.+.(&9.43`= 541.9.(&1=5&79>=&++.1.&9.43`=6&2'.&= = = +.789= ;*78.43= 4+= 9-.8= 5&5*7= <&8= 57*5&7*)= +47= 9-*= .39-= 33:&1= <**9.3,= 4+= 9-*= +7.(&3= 9:).*8=884(.&9.43`=&3==7&3(.8(4`=/`=4;*2'*7=+08+3`,**0_= = = 7_=*74=7)2&33= .8=&=541.9.(&1=8(.*39.89`=*3.47=*8*&7(-==*114<=&9=9-*=389.9:9*=4+=+7.(&3=++&.78=&3)=$*&)= 4+=3*71.3=8++.(*_= /439&(9a=*7)2&33,.,&8-&2':7,_)*`=<*'8.9*a=-995a2289&++_,.,&8-&2':7,_)*2*7)2&33_= = = = = = = :8&22*3+&88:3,= 9-3.?.9C9`="&-1;*7-&19*3=:3)=&79*.*32.9,1.*)8(-&+9=.3=+7.0&a=%&2'.&= +&-1;*7-&19*3=:3)=<.9,1.*)8(-&+9=.3=541.9.8(-*3=-&79*.*3=+7.0&8=.89=3:7=<*3.,=:39*78:(-9= <47)*3_= *<-31.(-= <.7)= &7,:2*39.*79`= )&88= &9-3.?.9C9= &18= 84?.&1*= :43+1.091.3.*= )&8= +&-1;*7-&19*3=:3)=).*=-&79*.*32.9,1.*)8(-&+9=897:09:7.*79_=B&=).*8*8=7,:2*39=&:+=-4(-= &,,7*,.*79*3=+&-1)&9*3='*7:-9`=0&33=-.*7=*.3=0414,.8(-*7==*-18(-1:88=;471.*,*3_=B.*=;478 1.*,*3)*=3&1>8*='*7:-9=)*8-&1'=&:+=.3).;.):*11*3=C2+7&,*)&9*3=&:8=&2'.&_=B&8=&7,*'8 3.8=.89`=)&88=&9-3.?.9C9=9&98C(-1.(-=*.3*=411*=+37=)&8=+&-1;*7-&19*3=:3)=).*=-&79*.*32.98 ,1.*)8(-&+9= 85.*19`= &'*7= 0*.3*8<*,8= )*3= *.3?.,*3= &701C7:3,8+&0947= )&789*119_= B.*= 3&1>8*= 4++*3'&79= ?:)*2= *.3*= *.-*= ;43= &.38(-7C30:3,*3= :3)= D:&1.+.?.*7:3,*3`= ).*= 9*.1<*.8*= 2*9-4).8(-*7= &9:7= 8.3)_= &.3*= .89`= )&88= *9-3.8(-*8= +&-1;*7-&19*3= :3)= -&79*.32.9,1.*)8 8(-&+9= ;43= *.3*7= *9-3.8(-*3= 7:55*= ?:7= &3)*7*3= :39*78(-.*)1.(-= 8.3)= :3)= ).*8= ;43= )*7= <4'.1.8.*7:3,=)*7=&9-3.?.9C9=&'-C3,9_=&.3*=&3)*7*=.89`=)&88`=<*33=8.(-=01*.3*7*=*9-3.8(-*= 7:55*3=4)*7=C39*7,7:55*3=2.9=0*.3*7=-&79*.=.)*39.+.?.*7*3`=*8=8(-<.*7.,=<.7)`=89&9.89.8(-= 8.,3.+.0&39*= :477*1&9.43*3= ?:= +.3)*3= := <&8= .3)*88*3= 34(-= 3.(-9= '*<*.89`= )&88= &9-3.?.9C9= 0*.3*=411*=85.*19_= Ethnicity, Voter Alignment and Political Party Affiliation – an African Case: Zambia Gero Erdmann Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Voter Alignment and Ethnicity 3. Ethnicity, Party System and Voter Alignment in Zambia 4. Partisanship: Survey Data 5. Conclusion ‘… voters are not fools.’ (Valdimir O. Key, 1966) 1. Introduction1 Voting behaviour and political party alignment in Africa’s young multi-party regimes – whether democratic or hybrid – is an almost completely ignored research topic, although this is a classical field of political science. Voting behaviour is usually explained by socio- structural, socio-psychological, or rational choice models, at least for industrialised societies. For African societies voting is explained predominantly by factors such as ethnicity, per- sonal ties, and clientelism (Hyden and Leys 1972; Barkan 1979; Bratton and Van de Walle 1997; Van de Walle 2003; Mozzafar et al. 2003; 2005; Erdmann 2004; Posner 2005). Elsewhere we have modified the social structural model of Lipset and Rokkan (1967) to argue that that ethnicity provides the basic social cleavage for voting behaviour and the formation of parties 1 A first draft of the paper was prepared for the 2006 Annual Meeting of the African Studies Asso- ciation, San Francisco, CA, November 16-19, 2006, (Re) Thinking Africa and the World: Internal Reflections, External Responses’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Zambia Page 1 of 8
    Zambia Page 1 of 8 Zambia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 Zambia is a republic governed by a president and a unicameral national assembly. Since 1991, multiparty elections have resulted in the victory of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). MMD candidate Levy Mwanawasa was elected President in 2001, and the MMD won 69 out of 150 elected seats in the National Assembly. Domestic and international observer groups noted general transparency during the voting; however, they criticized several irregularities. Opposition parties challenged the election results in court, and court proceedings were ongoing at year's end. The anti-corruption campaign launched in 2002 continued during the year and resulted in the removal of Vice President Kavindele and the arrest of former President Chiluba and many of his supporters. The Constitution mandates an independent judiciary, and the Government generally respected this provision; however, the judicial system was hampered by lack of resources, inefficiency, and reports of possible corruption. The police, divided into regular and paramilitary units under the Ministry of Home Affairs, have primary responsibility for maintaining law and order. The Zambia Security and Intelligence Service (ZSIS), under the Office of the President, is responsible for intelligence and internal security. Civilian authorities maintained effective control of the security forces. Members of the security forces committed numerous serious human rights abuses. Approximately 60 percent of the labor force worked in agriculture, although agriculture contributed only 15 percent to the gross domestic product. Economic growth increased to 4 percent for the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Gis for Analysis of Community Health Worker Patient
    USE OF GIS FOR ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER PATIENT REGISTRIES FROM CHONGWE DISTRICT, A RURAL LOW-RESOURCE SETTING, IN LUSAKA PROVINCE, ZAMBIA by Mine Metitiri, MPH, CPH A Thesis Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY) December 2014 Copyright 2014 Mine Metitiri TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION........................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 Motivation .......................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Zambia Page 1 of 16
    Zambia Page 1 of 16 Zambia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2002 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 31, 2003 Zambia is a republic governed by a president and a unicameral national assembly. Since 1991 generally free and fair multiparty elections have resulted in the victory of the Movement for Multi -Party Democracy (MMD). In December 2001, Levy Mwanawasa of the MMD was elected president, and his party won 69 out of 150 elected seats in the National Assembly. The MMD's use of government resources during the campaign raised questions over the fairness of the elections. Although noting general transparency during the voting, domestic and international observer groups cited irregularities in the registration process and problems in the tabulation of the election results. Opposition parties challenged the election result in court, and court proceedings remained ongoing at year's end. The Constitution mandates an independent judiciary, and the Government generally respected this provision; however, the judicial system was hampered by lack of resources, inefficiency, and reports of possible corruption. The police, divided into regular and paramilitary units operated under the Ministry of Home Affairs, had primary responsibility for maintaining law and order. The Zambia Security and Intelligence Service (ZSIS), under the Office of the President, was responsible for intelligence and internal security. Members of the security forces committed numerous, and at times serious, human rights abuses. Approximately 60 percent of the labor force worked in agriculture, although agriculture contributed only 22 percent to the gross domestic product. Economic growth slowed to 3 percent for the year, partly as a result of drought in some agricultural areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Community Participation in Decision
    EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECTS: A CASE STUDY OF CHONGWE DISTRICT BY TIMOTHY PHIRI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (MPA) THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA LUSAKA 2015 DECLARATION I, TIMOTHY PHIRI, declare that this dissertation represents my own work and that it has not been previously submitted for a degree, diploma or other qualifications at this or another university. Signature: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________________________________________ i CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL FORM This dissertation of TIMOTHY PHIRI has been approved as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Public Administration by the University of Zambia. Examiner Signature Date __________________ __________________ _________ __________________ ___________________ _________ __________________ ____________________ _________ ii COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced or stored in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the author. iii DEDICATION To Agness Falesi Phiri iv ABSTRACT The study investigated factors that lead to low levels of community participation in decision making and implementation of water supply and sanitation projects in Chongwe District. Focus was on five political units (wards) namely Nthandabale, Chalimbana, Nakatindi, Lukoshi and Chongwe.
    [Show full text]
  • Intra-Party Democracy in the Zambian Polity1
    John Bwalya, Owen B. Sichone: REFRACTORY FRONTIER: INTRA-PARTY … REFRACTORY FRONTIER: INTRA-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN THE ZAMBIAN POLITY1 John Bwalya Owen B. Sichone Abstract: Despite the important role that intra-party democracy plays in democratic consolidation, particularly in third-wave democracies, it has not received as much attention as inter-party democracy. Based on the Zambian polity, this article uses the concept of selectocracy to explain why, to a large extent, intra-party democracy has remained a refractory frontier. Two traits of intra-party democracy are examined: leadership transitions at party president-level and the selection of political party members for key leadership positions. The present study of four political parties: United National Independence Party (UNIP), Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), United Party for National Development (UPND) and Patriotic Front (PF) demonstrates that the iron law of oligarchy predominates leadership transitions and selection. Within this milieu, intertwined but fluid factors, inimical to democratic consolidation but underpinning selectocracy, are explained. Keywords: Intra-party Democracy, Leadership Transition, Ethnicity, Selectocracy, Third Wave Democracies Introduction Although there is a general consensus that political parties are essential to liberal democracy (Teorell 1999; Matlosa 2007; Randall 2007; Omotola 2010; Ennser-Jedenastik and Müller 2015), they often failed to live up to the expected democratic values such as sustaining intra-party democracy (Rakner and Svasånd 2013). As a result, some scholars have noted that parties may therefore not necessarily be good for democratic consolidation because they promote private economic interests, which are inimical to democracy and state building (Aaron 1 The authors gratefully acknowledge the comments from the editorial staff and anonymous reviewers.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation Report Nimd – Programme in Zambia 2004-2007
    EVALUATION REPORT NIMD – PROGRAMME IN ZAMBIA 2004-2007 December 2007 Nadia Molenaers [email protected] IOB-University of Antwerp, Belgium TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………4 I.INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………….5 I.1. Working with political parties - NIMD: mission, vision, strategy I.2. Terms of Reference and a note on methodology II.ZAMBIAN POLITICAL HISTORY AND CONTEXT ………………………………………………….9 II.1. Independence and the formation of a one-party State: Kaunda’s legacy II.2. 1991: The first multi-party elections, the first alternation of power II.3. From multi-party to dominant party system? Chiluba seeking a third term II.4. MMD continues to rule: Mwanawasa consolidates the dominant party system II.5. Is the power balance slowly tilting towards a second real alternation in power? II.6. An overall assessment of the political situation III.EVALUATING THE NIMD PROGRAMME IN ZAMBIA……………………………………………15 III.1. Facts and Figures III.2. Perceptions and views III.3. Perceptions with regards to the institutional set-up of ZCID IV. CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………......................39 LIST OF INTERVIEWED PEOPLE……………………………………………………………………….41 ANNEX: TERMS OF REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………….42 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FDD: Forum for Democracy and Development HP: Heritage Party IPB: Inter Party Bureau MMD: Movement for Multiparty Democracy NCC: National Constitution Conference NIMD: Netherlands Institute Multiparty Democracy PF: Patriotic Front SoP: Summit of Presidents ULP: United Liberal Party UNIP: United National Independence Party UPND: United Party for National Development ZCID: Zambian Center for Interparty Dialogue 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1 “The thing that threatens ZCID yet at the same time is its driving force is the turbulent nature of politics and political parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics in Plural Societies : a Theory of Democratic Instability
    POLITICS IN PLURAL SOCIETIES A Theory of Democratic Instability ALVIN RABUSHKA University of Rochester and KENNETH A. SHEPSLE Washington University, St. Louis Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company A Bell & Howell Company Columbus, Ohio CHAPTER 5 Majority Domination We turn in this chapter to an analysis of ethnic politics in dominant major- ity configurations. A major theme that emerges from this analysis is the denial by majorities of political freedoms to minorities as well as access to a proportional share of the public sector. First we explore ethnic politics in Ceylon to illustrate how a dominant Sinhalese majority deals with an important Tamil minority; second, we extend the empirical coverage with a comparative treatment of majority domination in Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Mauritius, Rwanda, and Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania). Ceylon The most important source of division and disruption in Ceylonese politics and the greatest impediment to integrative trends has been the persistence of sentiments of identification and solidarity with broader primordial groups generally referred to as communities.1 The Sinhalese, constituting about seventy percent of the population, is the majority community in Ceylon. The remaining minorities consist of Ceylon Tamils who arrived from India between the fourth and twelfth centuries, eleven percent; Indian Tamils who arrived in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to work on the tea estates, twelve percent; Moors 1. Robert N. Kearney, Communalism and Language in the Politics of Ceylon (Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1967), p. 4. We rely heavily upon the evidence Kearney provides of Sinhalese politics. See also W. Howard Wriggins, Ceylon: Dilemmas of a New Nation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960); Calvin A.
    [Show full text]
  • Zambia's 2001 Elections: the Tyranny of Small Decisions, 'Non-Decisions
    Third World Quarterly, Vol 23, No 6, pp 1103–1120, 2002 Zambia’s 2001 elections: the tyranny of small decisions, ‘non-decisions’ and ‘not decisions’ PETER BURNELL ABSTRACT The course of the 1990s witnessed deterioration in the quality of elections held across sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia’s elections for the presidency, parliament and local government held on 27 December 2001 are no exception. They returned the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) to power, but with much reduced popular support and leaving doubts about the legitimacy of the result. A ‘tyranny of small decisions’, ‘non-decisions’ and ‘not decisions’ perpetrated over 12 months or more leading up to these elections combined to influence the outcome. The previous MMD government and the formally autono- mous Electoral Commission were primarily but not wholly responsible. For independent analysts as well as for the political opposition, who secured a majority of parliamentary seats while narrowly failing to capture the presidency, identifying the relevant category of ‘decisions’ to which influences belong and comparing their impact is no straightforward matter. Zambia both illustrates the claim that ‘administrative problems are typically the basis of the flawed elections’ in new democracies and refines it by showing the difficulty of clearly separating the administrative and political factors. In contrast Zimbabwe’s presi- dential election in March 2002, which had the Zambian experience to learn from, appears a more clear-cut case of deliberate political mischief by the ruling party. There is little doubt that in the course of the 1990s the quality of Africa’s elections went into decline.
    [Show full text]
  • ZAMBIA Situation Report Last Updated: 29 Jul 2020
    ZAMBIA Situation Report Last updated: 29 Jul 2020 HIGHLIGHTS (29 Jul 2020) The COVID-19 situation has deteriorated rapidly in July, with the Ministry of Health reporting a 175 per cent increase, from 1,632 cases on 6 July to 4,481 on 26 July. The number of deaths has quadrupled from 30 deaths on 6 July to 139 deaths as of 26 July, indicating a higher community transmission and severe cases not seeking treatment. Three new districts have confirmed COVID-19 infections, bringing the total to 38 out of 116 districts countrywide. On 21 July, Zambia’s Parliament was forced to adjourn as two Members of Parliament (MPs) died after Handwashing demostration at the Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI) reportedly testing positive for COVID-19 within the preceding week. Poor compliance by the public to recommended prevention measures, such as use of masks, hand hygiene and limited laboratory testing, remain key challenges to the COVID-19 response. KEY FIGURES FUNDING CONTACTS Laura Hastings 10.1M 6.2M $132.9M $21M Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Zambia people in need people targeted requested (May-Oct received [email protected] 2020) Guiomar Pau Sole 27 Head of Communications & Information partners operational 16% Management, Regional Office for funded Southern & Eastern Africa [email protected] INTERACTIVE (22 Jun 2020) Emergency Appeal Financial Tracking https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/zambia/ Page 1 of 12 Downloaded: 29 Jul 2020 ZAMBIA Situation Report Last updated: 29 Jul 2020 View this interactive graphic: https://bit.ly/ZambiaAppeal2020Funding BACKGROUND (29 Jul 2020) Situation Overview Zambia recorded the first case of COVID-19 on 18 March 2020, and as 26 July 4,481 cases had been confirmed with 139 deaths reported, in 38 out of 116 districts countrywide, according to the Ministry of Health (MoH).
    [Show full text]
  • Download It From
    IMD Partner in Democracy A NNUAL R EPORT 2005 The IMD – an institute of political parties for political parties The Institute for Multiparty Democracy (IMD) is an institute of political parties for political parties. Its mandate is to encourage the process of democratisation in young democracies by providing support to political parties as the core pillars of multi- party democracy. IMD works in a strictly non-partisan and inclusive manner. Through this approach, the Institute endeavours to contribute to properly functioning, sustainable pluralistic political party systems. It also supports the activities of civil society groups which play a healthy role in multi-party democracies, even though they are not part of any formal party structure. IMD was set up by seven Dutch political parties in 2000 in response to requests for support from around the world. The IMD’s founding members are the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA), Liberal Party (VVD), Christian Democratic Party (CDA), Democratic Party (D66), Green Party (GroenLinks), Christian Union (ChristenUnie) and Reformed Party (SGP). Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy Korte Vijverberg 2 2513 AB The Hague The Netherlands Address per September 1, 2006: Passage 31 2511 AB The Hague The Netherlands T: +31 (0)70 311 5464 F: +31 (0)70 311 5465 E: [email protected] www.nimd.org IMD Partner in Democracy A NNUAL R EPORT 2005 Partners in Democracy Preface Without properly functioning political parties, resulted in a study for the European Parliament entitled democracies do not work well – a fact that is not yet No lasting Peace and Prosperity without Democracy & fully recognised within the international development Human Rights.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Users\Public\Documents\GP JOBS\Gazette No. 73 of Friday, 16Th
    REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA Price: K5 net Annual Subscription: Within Lusaka—K200.00 Published by Authority Outside Lusaka—K230.00 No. 6430] Lusaka, Friday, 16th October, 2015 [Vol. LI, No. 73 GAZETTE NOTICE NO. 643 OF 2015 [5929855/13 Zambia Information and Communications Technologies Authority The Information and Communications Technologies Act, 2009 (Act No. 15 of 2009) Notice of Determination of Unserved and Underserved Areas Section 70 (2) of the Information and Communication TechnologiesAct No. 15 of 2009 (ICTAct) empowers the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) to determine a system to promote the widespread availability and usage of electronic communications networks and services throughout Zambia by encouraging the installation of electronic communications networks and the provision for electronic communications services in unserved and underserved areas and communities. Further, Regulation 5 (2) of Statutory Instrument No. 38 of 2012 the Information and Communications Technologies (Universal Access) Regulations 2012 mandates the Authority to designate areas as universal service areas by notice in the gazette. In accordance with the said regulations, the Authority hereby notifies members of the public that areas contained in the Schedule Hereto are hereby designated as universal service areas. M. K. C. MUDENDA (MRS.) Director General SN Site Name Longtitude Latitude Elevation Province 1 Nalusanga_Chunga Headquarter Offices 27.22415 -15.22135 1162 Central 2 Mpusu_KankamoHill 27.03507 -14.45675 1206 Central
    [Show full text]
  • Observing the 2001 Zambia Elections
    SPECIAL REPORT SERIES THE CARTER CENTER WAGING PEACE ◆ FIGHTING DISEASE ◆ BUILDING HOPE OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS THE CARTER CENTER STRIVES TO RELIEVE SUFFERING BY ADVANCING PEACE AND HEALTH WORLDWIDE; IT SEEKS TO PREVENT AND RESOLVE CONFLICTS, ENHANCE FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY, AND PROTECT AND PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS WORLDWIDE. THE CARTER CENTER NDINDI OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS FINAL REPORT THE CARTER CENTER The Democracy Program One Copenhill Atlanta, GA 30307 (404) 420-5188 FAX (404) 420-5196 WWW.CARTERCENTER.ORG OCTOBER 2002 1 THE CARTER CENTER NDI OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS 2 THE CARTER CENTER NDINDI OBSERVING THE 2001 ZAMBIA ELECTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Carter Center Election Observation Delegation and Staff ............................................................... 5 Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. 7 Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 10 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................. 15 Background ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]