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Landschaftsraum Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020

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Landschaftsraum Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Landschaftsraum Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Lehrende: H. Freund, L. Giani, G. Massmann, T. Pollmann Inhalt Seite 1. Landschaften des Küstenholozäns 2 2. Geologie 2 3. Ebbe und Flut 8 4. Landschaftsausschnitte der Insel 8 5. Böden der Insel, Profilbeschreibungen 10 5.1 Strand: Normstrand 11 5.2 Düne: Lockersyrosem 12 5.3 Düne: Regosol 13 5.4 Düne: Gley 14 5.5 Düne: Podsol – Braunerde 15 5.6 Salzmarsch: Rohmarsch (Salicornia-Zone) 16 5.7 Salzmarsch: Rohmarsch (Puccinellia-Zone) 17 5.8 Salzmarsch: Rohmarsch (Festuca-Zone) 18 6. Eigenschaften eulitoraler Böden 19 7. Korngrößenbestimmungen 21 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 8. Hydrogeologie 24 1. Landschaften des Küstenholozäns (Ad-hoc-AG Boden, 2005) 2. Geologie (Pott, 1995) 2 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Veränderung der Küstenlinien der Nordsee während der Nacheiszeit (Pott, 1995) Der Anstieg des mittleren Meeresspigels für den Raum Wilhelmshaven Im Holozän (Behre, 1987, 1991) 3 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Schematischer Schnitt durch die Marsch im Raum Wilhelmshaven (Behre, 1991) Entstehung einer Dünen-Insel von Brandungssandbänken, über Schwemmsandplate zu Primär- und Weißdünen (nach Gierloff-Emden, 1961, 1980 und Buchwald 1990 in Pott, 1995) 4 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Der Riffbogen der Harle im Seegat zwischen Spiekeroog und Wangerooge (nach Luck & Witte 1974, Hanisch 1981 in Pott, 1995) Der Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee von etwa 1000 Jahren (Flemming & Mai, 1998) 5 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Der Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee um ca. 1300 n. Chr. (Flemming & Mai, 1998) Der Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee im gegenwärtigen Zustand (Flemming & Mai, 1998) 6 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Prognoszierter Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee bei weiter steigendem Meeresspielgelanstieg (Flemming & Mai, 1998) Entstehung und Veränderung der Inseln Spiekeroog und Wangerooge (nach Sindowski 1973, Luck, 1975 in Pott, 1995) 7 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 3. Ebbe und Flut Entstehung der Gezeiten (Pott, 1995) 4. Landschaftsausschnitte der Insel Landschaftliche Gliederung des Gesamtökosystems: Insel – Watt und Wattenmeer an der Nordseeküste (nach Buchwald 1990, Willmanns, 1993 in Pott, 1995) 8 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 (Streif, 1990) (Streif, 1990) 9 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 Abb. 1: Einstufung des Humusgehaltes (organische Substanz) von Böden (Ad-hoc AG Boden, 2005) Abb. 2: Konsistenz bindiger Böden, Konsistenzgrenzen und zugehörige Bodenfeuchte (mit Schätzung des Bodenfeuchtezustandes im Gelände) (Ad-hoc AG Boden, 2005) 10 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 5. Böden der Insel, Profilbeschreibungen 5.1 Strand: Normstrand Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Nordstrand ca. 2,5 km nordöstlich des Dorfes, R: 3415500, H: 5961500, Höhe über NN: 1,8 m Zone: Trockener Strand Relief: eben Vegetation: keine Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) tmAi 0-20 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ltmC -40 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge tmG -45+ Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, nass Bodentyp: KA5: Klasse: Strandböden; Typ: Strand; Subtyp: Normstrand WRB: Salic Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: marine Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten* Horizont Tiefe Skelett : Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew,-%; gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 tmAi 20 0,3 0 59,8 38,8 1,4 0 0 100,0 0 0 ltmC 40 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. tmG 45+ n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K (CAL) Pt (CaCI2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100 g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 tmAi 6,8 <0,1 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. <0,1 2,9 n.b. ltmC n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. tmG n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 11 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 5.2 Düne: Lockersyrosem Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Südhang des nördlichsten Dünenzuges ca. 2 km nordöstlich des Dorfes, R: 3415660, H; 5961185, Höhe über NN: 9 m Zone: Weißdüne-Nordhang Relief: mittel geneigt Vegetation: Elymo-Ammophiletum festucetosum arenariae Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) Ai 0-2 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ICv -200+ Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bodentyp: KA5: Klasse: O/C-Böden; Typ: Lochersyrosem; Subtyp: Norm- lockersyrosem WRB: Protic Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ai 2 0 0,1 61,7 36,7 1,5 0 0 100,0 0 0 ICv 200+ 0 0,1 58,0 40J 1,2 0 0 100,0 0 0 Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCI2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100 g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ai 5,8 n.b 0,06 0,1 0,0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. <0,1 0,5 n.b. ICv 6,0 n.b n.b. n.b. 3 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. <0,1 0,6 n.b.. n.b. Horizont KAKpot Austauschbare Kationen in mmol/kg BS mmol/kg H AI Ca Mg K Na % 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Ai 4 5 n.b. 3 1 0 0 n.b. ICv 3 1 n.b. 3 1 0 0 n.b. 12 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 5.3 Düne: Regosol Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Nordhang des zweitnördlichsten Dünenzuges ca. 2 km nordöstlich des Dorfes, R: 3415645, H: 596160, Höhe über NN: 8 m Zone: Graudüne-Nordhang Relief: mittel geneigt Vegetation: Agrostio-Poetum humilis Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) Ah 0-6 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ilCv -200+ Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bodentyp: KA5: Klasse: Ah/C-Böden, Typ: Regosol; Subtyp: Normregosol WRB: Ochric Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ah 6 0 0,3 40,4 55,6 3,4 n.b, n.b. 99,7 0,3 n.b. ilCv 200+ 0 0,1 42,7 55,7 1,4 n.b. n.b. 99,9 0,1 n.b. Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCl2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100g % 2l 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ah 5,4 n.b. 0,7 1.2 0,0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0 0 2,0 0,8 n.b. ilCv 5,4 n.b. 0 0 5 0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. Horizont KAKpot Austauschbare Kationen in mmol/kg BS mmolc/kg H AI Ca Mg K Na % 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Ah 29 7 16 3 0 0 n.b. ilCv 4 <1 2 1 0 0 n.b. 13 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 5.4 Düne: Gley Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Dünental zwischen Graudünen ca. 2 km nordöstlich des Dorfes R: 3415615, H: 5961140, Höhe über NN: 4 m „Zone“…………………Dünental Relief: offene Hohlform Vegetation: Betula spec. Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) Ah 0-10 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellgraubraun, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, feucht Gw -37 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, sehr feucht Gr -50+ Feinsand mittelsandig, braun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, nass Bodentyp: KA5: Klasse: Gleye;Typ. Gley; Subtyp: Normgley WRB: Arenic Gleysol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ah 10 0 0,3 41,0 55,2 3,1 n.b. n.b. 99,6 0,4 n.b. Gw 37 0 0,1 35,8 61,2 2,7 n.b. n.b. 99,8 0,2 n.b. Gr 50+ 0 0,1 55,4 42,8 1,6 n.b. n.b. 99,9 0,1 n.b. Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCl2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ah 4,2 n.b. n.b. 1,0 1,7 0,0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,9 1,4 n.b. Gw 4,1 n.b. n.b. n.b. 6 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,5 0,6 n.b. Gr 5,5 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,4 0,6 n.b. n.b. 14 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 5.5 Düne: Podsol-Braunerde Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Nordhang einer Graudüne, ca. 2 km östlich des Dorfes, R: 3415630, H: 596100, Höhe über NN: 8 m Zone: Braundüne-Nordhang Relief: Düne, Mittelhang, mittel geneigt Vegetation: Polypodio-Empetretum nigrae Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) L +5 Nadelstreu Ofh +2 Nadelstreu Ahe 0-5 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraungrau, schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bsh-Bv -16 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bv -55 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ilCv -200+ Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bodentyp: KA5: Klasse: Braunerden; Typ Braunerde; Subtyp: Podsol-Braunerde WRB: Albic Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑SU Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L +5 Ofh +2 Ahe 5 0,1 41,3 55,3 3 0,3 99,7 0,3 Bsh-Bv 16 0 33,4 63,2 3,3 0,1 99,9 0,1 Bv 55 0 52,6 45,5 1,8 0,1 99,9 0,1 ilCv 200+ 0 33,4 63,5 3 0,1 99,9 0,1 Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCl2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 L Ofh Ahe 3,5 0 0,39 0,04 10 0,3 0,2 (0,7) 0,2 0,6 Bsh-Bv 3,8 0 0,12 0,03 (4) 0,4 0,2 (0,5) 0,2 0 Bv 3,9 0 0,09 0,02 (5) 0,2 0,2 (1,0) 0,2 0,4 ilCv 4,2 0 0,04 0,01 (4) 0,4 0,1 (0,3) 0,1 0,3 15 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2020 5.6 Salzmasch: Rohmarsch (Queller-Zone) Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Übergangsbereich zwischen Watt und Salzwiese ca.
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