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Landschaftsraum Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 1.-3.11.2012

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Landschaftsraum Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 1.-3.11.2012 Landschaftsraum Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 1.-3.11.2012 Lehrende: L. Giani, G. Massmann, T. Röper Inhalt Seite 1. Landschaften des Küstenholozäns 2 2. Geologie 2 3. Ebbe und Flut 8 4. Landschaftsausschnitte der Insel 8 5. Böden der Insel, Profilbeschreibungen 10 5.1 Strand: Normstrand 11 5.2 Düne: Lockersyrosem 12 5.3 Düne: Regosol 13 5.4 Düne: Gley 14 5.5 Düne: Podsol – Braunerde 15 5.6 Salzmarsch: Rohmarsch (Salicornia-Zone) 16 5.7 Salzmarsch: Rohmarsch (Puccinellia-Zone) 17 5.8 Salzmarsch: Rohmarsch (Festuca-Zone) 18 6. Eigenschaften eulitoraler Böden 19 7. Korngrößenbestimmungen 21 8. Hydrogeologie 23 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 1. Landschaften des Küstenholozäns (KA 5) 2. Geologie (Pott, 1995) 2 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 Veränderung der Küstenlinien der Nordsee während der Nacheiszeit (Pott, 1995) Der Anstieg des mittleren Meeresspigels für den Raum Wilhelmshaven Im Holozän (Behre, 1987, 1991) 3 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 Schematischer Schnitt durch die Marsch im Raum Wilhelmshaven (Behre, 1991) Entstehung einer Dünen-Insel von Brandungssandbänken, über Schwemmsandplate zu Primär- und Weißdünen (nach Gierloff-Emden, 1961, 1980 und Buchwald 1990) 4 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 Der Riffbogen der Harle im Seegat zwischen Spiekeroog und Wangerooge (nach Luck & Witte 1974, Hanisch 1981) Der Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee von etwa 1000 Jahren (Flemming & Mai, 1998) 5 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 Der Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee um ca. 1300 n. Chr. (Flemming & Mai, 1998) Der Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee im gegenwärtigen Zustand (Flemming & Mai, 1998) 6 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 Prognoszierter Verlauf der Küstenlinie der südlichen Nordsee bei weiter steigendem Meeresspielgelanstieg (Flemming & Mai, 1998) Entstehung und Veränderung der Inseln Spiekeroog und Wangerooge (nach Sindowski 1973, Luck, 1975) 7 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 3. Ebbe und Flut Entstehung der Gezeiten (Pott, 1995) 4. Landschaftsausschnitte der Insel Landschaftliche Gliederung des Gesamtökosystems: Insel – Watt und Wattenmeer - Außendeichsland an der Nordseeküste (nach Buchwald 1990, Willmanns, 1993) (Streif, 8 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 (Streif, 1990) (Streif, 1990) 9 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5. Böden der Insel, Profilbeschreibungen Abb. 1: Einstufung des Humusgehaltes (organische Substanz) von Böden (KA5) Abb. 2: Konsistenz bindiger Böden, Konsistenzgrenzen und zugehörige Bodenfeuchte (mit Schätzung des Bodenfeuchtezustandes im Gelände) (KA5) 10 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5.1 Strand: Normstrand Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Nordstrand ca. 2,5 km nordöstlich des Dorfes, R: 3415500, H: 5961500, Höhe über NN: 1,8 m Relief: eben Nutzung: trockener Strand Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) alCv 0-20 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge mFo -40 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge mFr -45 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, nass Bodentyp: KA5: Normstrand WRB: Salic Arenosol in Disk.: KA5: Typ: Marschstrand in weiterer Disk.: Typ: Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: marine Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten* Horizont Tiefe Skelett : Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew,-%; gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 alCv 20 0,3 0 59,8 38,8 1,4 0 0 100,0 0 0 mFo 40 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. mFr 45 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K (CAL) Pt (CaCI2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100 g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 alCv 6,8 <0,1 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. <0,1 2,9 n.b. mFo n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. mFr n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. *Analysenmethoden s. Anhang der Exkursion Z 2 11 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5.2 Düne: Lockersyrosem Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Südhang des nördlichsten Dünenzuges ca. 2 km nordöstlich des Dorfes, R: 3415660, H; 5961185, Höhe über NN: 9 m Relief: Düne, Mittelhang, mittel geneigt Nutzung: Weißdüne -Nordhang, Elymo-Ammophiletum festucetosum arenariae Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) Ai 0-2 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ICv -200 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bodentyp: KA5: Typ: Syrosem; Subtyp: (Norm)-Lockersyrosem WRB: Protic Arenosol in Disk.: Typ: Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ai 2 0 0,1 61,7 36,7 1,5 0 0 100,0 0 0 ICv 200 0 0,1 58,0 40J 1,2 0 0 100,0 0 0 Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCI2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100 g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ai 5,8 n.b 0,06 0,1 0,0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. <0,1 0,5 n.b. ICv 6,0 n.b n.b. n.b. 3 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. <0,1 0,6 n.b.. n.b. Horizont KAKpot Austauschbare Kationen in mmol/kg BS mmol/kg H AI Ca Mg K Na % 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Ai 4 5 n.b. 3 1 0 0 n.b. ICv 3 1 n.b. 3 1 0 0 n.b. 12 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5.3 Düne: Regosol Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Nordhang des zweitnördlichsten Dünenzuges ca. 2 km nordöstlich des Dorfes, R: 3415645, H: 596160, Höhe über NN: 8 m Relief: Düne, Mittelhang, mittel geneigt Nutzung: Graudüne-Nordhang, Agrostio-Poetum humilis Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) Ah 0-6 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbeige, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ilCv -200 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bodentyp: KA5: Typ: Regosol; Subtyp: (Norm). Regosol WRB: Ochric Arenosol in Disk.: Typ: Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ah 6 0 0,3 40,4 55,6 3,4 n.b, n.b. 99,7 0,3 n.b. ilCv 200 0 0,1 42,7 55,7 1,4 n.b. n.b. 99,9 0,1 n.b. Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCl2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100g % 2l 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ah 5,4 n.b. 0,7 1.2 0,0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0 0 2,0 0,8 n.b. i!Cv 5,4 n.b. 0 0 5 0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. Horizont KAKpot Austauschbare Kationen in mmol/kg BS mmolc/kg H AI Ca Mg K Na % 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Ah 29 7 16 3 0 0 n.b. ilCv 4 <1 2 1 0 0 n.b. 13 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5.4 Düne: Gley Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Dünental zwischen Graudünen ca. 2 km nordöstlich des Dorfes R: 3415615, H: 5961140, Höhe über NN: 4 m Relief: offene Hohlform Nutzung: Dünental, Betula spec. Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) Ah 0-10 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellgraubraun, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, feucht Gw -37 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, sehr feucht Gr -50 Feinsand mittelsandig, braun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge, nass Bodentyp: KA5: Typ. Gley; Subtyp: (Norm)-Gley WRB: Arenic Gleysol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑U Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ah 10 0 0,3 41,0 55,2 3,1 n.b. n.b. 99,6 0,4 n.b. Gw 37 0 0,1 35,8 61,2 2,7 n.b. n.b. 99,8 0,2 n.b. Gr 50 0 0,1 55,4 42,8 1,6 n.b. n.b. 99,9 0,1 n.b. Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCl2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ah 4,2 n.b. n.b. 1,0 1,7 0,0 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,9 1,4 n.b. Gw 4,1 n.b. n.b. n.b. 6 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,5 0,6 n.b. Gr 5,5 n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. n.b. 0,4 0,6 n.b. n.b. 14 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5.5 Düne: Podsol-Braunerde Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Nordhang einer Graudüne, ca. 2 km östlich des Dorfes, R: 3415630, H: 596100, Höhe über NN: 8 m Relief: Düne, Mittelhang, mittel geneigt Nutzung: Braundüne-Nordhang, Polypodio-Empetretum nigrae Profilbeschreibung Horizont Tiefe Beschreibung (cm) L +5 Nadelstreu Ofh +2 Nadelstreu Ahe 0-5 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraungrau, schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bsh-Bv -16 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, sehr schwach humos, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bv -55 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge ilCv -200 Feinsand mittelsandig, hellbraun, geringe Lagerungsdichte, Einzelkorngefüge Bodentyp: KA5: Typ Braunerde; Subtyp: Podsol-Braunerde WRB: Albic Arenosol in Disk.: Typ: Arenosol Ausgangsgestein: äolische Sedimente aus Quartär/Holozän Substrattyp: p-s: Sand Physikalische und chemische Analysendaten Horizont Tiefe Skelett Textur (% der humusfreien Feinerde) cm Gew.-% gS mS fS ffS gU mU+fU ∑S ∑SU Ton 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L +5 Ofh +2 Ahe 5 0,1 41,3 55,3 3 0,3 99,7 0,3 Bsh-Bv 16 0 33,4 63,2 3,3 0,1 99,9 0,1 Bv 55 0 52,6 45,5 1,8 0,1 99,9 0,1 ilCv 200 0 33,4 63,5 3 0,1 99,9 0,1 Horizont pH CaCO3 Corg Humus Nt C/N Fed Feo Feo/Fed P(CAL) K(CAL) Pt (CaCl2) % % % % mg/g mg/g mg/100g % 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 L Ofh Ahe 3,5 0 0,39 0,04 10 0,3 0,2 (0,7) 0,2 0,6 Bsh-Bv 3,8 0 0,12 0,03 (4) 0,4 0,2 (0,5) 0,2 0 Bv 3,9 0 0,09 0,02 (5) 0,2 0,2 (1,0) 0,2 0,4 ilCv 4,2 0 0,04 0,01 (4) 0,4 0,1 (0,3) 0,1 0,3 15 Spiekeroog Exkursionsführer 2012 5.6 Salzmasch: Rohmarsch (Queller-Zone) Standortbeschreibung TK25: 2212 Spiekeroog Lage: Insel Spiekeroog, Übergangsbereich zwischen Watt und Salzwiese ca.
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