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Jasminum Officinale Against Oral Pathogens in Ulcer Treatment ISSN: 2455-2631 © June 2019 IJSDR | Volume 4, Issue 6 Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Jasminum officinale Against Oral Pathogens in Ulcer Treatment 1Kanchan N. Mangtani 2 Dr. Shubhangi S. Morey 3Dr. Umesh K. Bhalekar 1Student 2Clock hour basis (C.H.B) 3Head of Department Department of Microbiology Shri R.L.T. College of Science, Akola 444002 Abstract: From ancient times, plants have been used in traditional medicines for treatment of different ailments. Medicinal plants is one of the richest bio resources for traditional and folk medicines till date. Jasmine is botanically known as Jasminum officinale or Jasmininie and belongs to the olive family of Oleaceae. Literature report suggest that Jasmine is analgesic, antidepressant, antiseptic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, sedative, stomachic, diuretic, depurative, astringent, stimulating, anti-oxidizing, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory in nature. The objective was to study antibacterial activity of Jasminum officinale extracts against mouth ulcer causing organisms. The antibacterial activity has been studied against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis & Enterococcus faecalis by agar well diffusion method. Leaves extract of J. officinale give effective results against oral pathogens causing mouth ulcer. Acetone and Ethanol extracts displayed a good antibacterial activity. The phytochemical studies revealed presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Steroids, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Saponins, Glycosides and Tannins. J. officinale may prove to be effective medicine for the treatment of ulcer. Keywords: Jasminum officinale, Antibacterial activity, Phytochemical analysis I. Introduction From ancient times, plants have been used in traditional medicines for treatment of different ailments. Medicinal plants is one of the richest bio resources for traditional and folk medicines till date. Around 20,000 medicinal plants have been recorded in India. Only 7,000 - 7,500 plants are used for curing different diseases. The antimicrobial potential and antioxidant activity of plants have attracted the attention of scientific community from ancient times. This had lead to increase in the interest of natural substances exhibiting antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. (1) The treatment of disease began long ago with the use of herbs. Herbs became the sources of many important drugs due to its wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological effects. (2) Indian system of medicines comprises of Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Naturopathy and Yoga. Each of which uses the herbal constituents in some or the other form, crude drug is not so effective because they have not been tested for efficacy according to rigid pharmacological standards. As the constituents derived from the medicinal plants proved to cure the human disorders they isolated and used for their pharmacological action. Jasmine is botanically known as Jasminum officinale or Jasmininie and belongs to the olive family of Oleaceae. Jasmine is analgesic, antidepressant, antiseptic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, sedative, stomachic, diuretic, depurative, astringent, stimulating, anti-oxidizing, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory in nature. Furthermore, there are other numerous advantages this amazing plant offers to humanity. These benefits have been attributed to its phytochemical, medicinal and pharmacological properties. (3) IJSDR1906044 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 237 ISSN: 2455-2631 © June 2019 IJSDR | Volume 4, Issue 6 Jasminum officinale indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, essential oil and saponins. Studies revealed that the plant exerted antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, antifertility and dermatological effects. (2) Fig 1. Jasminum officinale (3) Classification of Jasminum officinale (2) Kingdom: Plantae Subkingdom: Viridiplantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Oleaceae Genus: Jasminum Species: Jasminum officinale Health Benefits of Jasminum officinale The aroma of jasmine is calming and soothing without being soporific and is indicated for depression and stress. It is indicated for sensitive skin conditions too. Jasmine also has a reputation as an aphrodisiac and used for all kinds of sexual problems. Jasminum is used to treat skin problems, the leaf juices can be applied to clear up corns and treat mouth ulcerations, the anti-secretary and anti-oxidant components of Jasminum may also treat peptic ulcer. Jasminum also produces an antibiotic effect upon typhoid fever and staph infections, they stressed that jasmine oil may serve as a main stream antibiotic treatment, the juice of the leaf is applied to corns and ear discharges, the leaves and the barks contain salicylic acid and are used as analgesic, febrifuge, etc. The roots are used in the treatment of ringworm, while the flowers are aphrodisiac, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and tonic. One of the uses of J. officinale in urinary infections and diuretic the leaves of stem, bark, and root of Jasminum has demonstrated detectable antibacterial activity against many microorganisms. (4) 1) Mouth ulcers Mouth ulcers are painful sores on the inside lining of the mouth. They usually develop on the inside of the lips and cheeks and on the underneath and edge of the tongue. Medicines from a pharmacist can reduce the pain and help mouth ulcers to heal. Mouth ulcers include sores, lesions, abrasions, laceration or any open break in the mucosa of the lips, mouth or tongue. Mouth ulcers are also called stomatitis and are a symptom of a variety of mild to serious diseases, disorders and conditions. Mouth ulcers can result from infection, vitamin deficiencies, trauma, inflammation, malignancy and other diseases and abnormal processes. (5) IJSDR1906044 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 238 ISSN: 2455-2631 © June 2019 IJSDR | Volume 4, Issue 6 2) Causes The exact reason of mouth ulcers developed is not yet clearly defined. Approximately 40% of people who get mouth ulcers have a family history of the same. In some cases, the ulcers are related to diseases. These include Injury from badly fitting dentures, harsh brushing of teeths, etc. Changes in hormone levels. Some women find that mouth ulcers occur just before their periods. A lack of iron or a lack of certain vitamins (such as vitamin B12 and folic acid) may be a factor in some cases. Rarely, a food allergy may be the cause. Stress is said to trigger mouth ulcers in some people. Some medicines can cause mouth ulcers. Examples of medicines that can cause mouth ulcers are: nicorandil, ibuprofen etc. Mouth ulcers are more common in people with Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, HIV infection etc. (6) 3) Bacteriology In the mouth there are many good and bad micro-organisms and bacteria, which now have access to the wound surface and produce toxins which in turn allows further cell death causing the ulcer to get larger. Also, at this stage the bacteria lining the ulcer. This situation continues till the causative agent is gone and the body’s immune system comes up with the solution and the bad bacteria are compressed. How long this takes depends on many factors. Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, E.coli, Enterococcus and Candida species are an important component normal flora of the Oropharynx. (7) Bacteria: 1. Escherichia coli. 2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. Staphylococcus aureus. 4. Bacillus subtilis. 5. Enterococcus faecalis Fungi 1. Candida albicans. II. Aims & Objective To prevent side effects from antibiotics on human body and see importance of natural antibiotics (Plant extracts) has been undertaken with following aims & objectives. Selection and collection of Jasminum officinale leaves from different area in Akola region Extraction of plant leaves material. Phytochemical analysis of Jasminum officinale leaves extract. Collection of ulcer samples from the patients having mouth ulcer. Isolation and identification organisms. To check the antibacterial activity of Jasminum officinale extract against isolated organisms. III. Materials and Methods A) Preparation of plant leaves extract i) Collection of Plant material Fresh leaves of Jasminum officinale were collected from Akola city. The collected plant leaves were washed with water to remove other undesirable material. The leaves were spread on the tray and allowed to dry at room temperature under shade for several days. The air-dried leaves of Jasminum officinale were crushed. The dried leaves were grinded into powder using an electrical blender. Fine powder was stored in airtight container. ii) Preparation of extract using soxhlet apparatus (9) IJSDR1906044 International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) www.ijsdr.org 239 ISSN: 2455-2631 © June 2019 IJSDR | Volume 4, Issue 6 Plant extract were prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus. For this 30gm of plant leaves powder was wrapped in muslin cloth and loaded in the thimble of the soxhlet apparatus. The solvent was added in the round bottom flask. The solvent used were ethanol and aqueous. The boiling point of ethanol is 780C. The temperature was maintained by using heating mantle for recycling of solvent. It was continuously extracted till 3 cycles complete. The extract was filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The Filtrate were collected in sterilized iodine flask and stored at 50C in the refrigerator until futher use. Similarly, the
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