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57.Jasminum Sambac.Pdf IAJPS 2018, 05 (03), 1766-1778 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article PHARMACOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF JASMINUM SAMBAC- A REVIEW Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi qar, Iraq. Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Abstract: The phytochemical analysis of Jasminum sambac revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, coumarins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, fats, essential oils, fixed oils, terpines, resin, and salicylic acid. The pharmacological studies revealed that the plant extracts possessed antimicrobial, insecticidal, analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatological, anticancer, CNS and peripheral NS, cardiovascular, lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-obesity and gastroprotective effects. This review will highlight the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Jasminum sambac. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Jasminum sambac Corresponding author: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi QR code Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi qar, Iraq Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press Ali Esmail Al-Snafi., Pharmacological and Therapeutic Effects of Jasminum Sambac- A Review, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2018; 05(03). www.iajps.com Page 1766 IAJPS 2018, 05 (03), 1766-1778 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: Common names: Plants have been used as drugs by humans since Medieval Arabic [zanbaq] meant jasmine flower-oil thousands of years ago. As a result of accumulated from the flowers of any species of jasmine. This word experience from the past generations, today, all the entered late medieval Latin as [sambacus] and world’s cultures have an extensive knowledge of [zambacca] with the same meaning as the Arabic, and herbal medicine. However, plants are still provide then in post-medieval Latin plant taxonomy the word some of our most valuable medicines [1-32]. The was adopted as a label for the J. sambac species[35]. phytochemical analysis of Jasminum sambac revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, Arabic, Ful, Razki, Zunbiq, Yasamin Arabi; amino acids, coumarins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic Chinese: mo li hua; English: Arabian jasmine, compounds, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, Sambac jasmine; French: jasmin d'Arabie; German: steroids, fats, essential oils, fixed oils, terpines, resin, arabischer Jasmin; Italian: gesimino d'Arabia, and salicylic acid. The pharmacological studies mugherine; Portuguese: bogarim, jasmim; revealed that the plant extracts possessed Spanish: jazmín de Arabia [36]. antimicrobial, insecticidal, analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, Distribution: dermatological, anticancer, CNS and peripheral NS, Jasminum sambac was distributed in Asia-tropical cardiovascular, lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti- and Asia-temperate. It was one of the most cultivated obesity and gastroprotective effects. This review was species in many countries in Asia[36]. designed to highlight the chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Jasminum sambac. Description: Scandent or suberect shrub; 1-3 m tall, branchlets Synonyms: pubescent. Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, Jasminum bicorollatum Noronha, Jasminum blancoi entire, elliptic or broad elliptic to sub-orbicular, Hassk., Jasminum heyneanum Wall. ex G.Don , obtuse or acute, very variable in size, up to 9 cm long Jasminum odoratum Noronha, Jasminum and 6 cm broad, glabrous, shining above; nerves quinqueflorum B.Heyne ex G.Don, Jasminum prominent beneath; petiole short, pubescent. Flowers quinqueflorum var. pubescens G.Don, Jasminum fragrant, in few-flowered terminal cymes, pedicels up sambac var. duplex Voigt, Jasminum sambac var. to 6 mm; bracts linear, up to 6 mm long. Calyx teeth gimea [Zuccagni] DC., Jasminum sambac var. 5-9, c. 1 cm long, V-shaped, pubescent. Corolla goaense [Zuccagni] DC., Jasminum sambac var. white, simple or double, tube 1 cm long, lobes 5-9, heyneanum [Wall. ex G.Don] C.B.Clarke, Jasminum oblong, acute or obtuse, or orbicular under sambac var. kerianum Kuntze, Jasminum sambac var. cultivation, 1.5 cm long. Berry simple or didymous, nemocalyx Kuntze, Jasminum sambac var. nemocalyx globose, 6 mm in diameter, black when ripe, Kuntze, Jasminum sambac var. plenum Stokes, surrounded by the suberect subulate calyx teeth. Jasminum sambac var. syringifolium Wall. ex Pubescent climbers with angular branchlets, simple Kuntze, Jasminum sambac var. trifoliatum Vahl, elliptic to ovate leaves up to 10 cm long, acute or Jasminum sambac var. trifoliatum [L.] Sims, obtuse, base rounded or cuneate, nearly glabrous, Jasminum sambac var. undulatum [L.] Kuntze, with evident veins; petiole pubescent, short, arched; Jasminum sambac var. verum DC., Jasminum flowers fragrant; calyx-lobes linear, c. 6-7 mm long, undulatum [L.] Willd., Mogorium gimea Zuccagni, ciliate or glabrous; corolla white, often doubled, the Mogorium goaense Zuccagni, Mogorium sambac [L.] lobes oblong to nearly orbicular, obtuse, as long as Lam., Mogorium undulatum [L.] Lam., Nyctanthes the tube[37-38]. goa Steud., Nyctanthes sambac L., Nyctanthes Traditional uses: undulata L[33]. The flowers of Jasminum sambac were used in the Taxonomic classification: preparation of an essential oil and for making jasmine Kingdom: Plantae, Subkingdom: Viridiplantae, tea. The flowers are bitter, pungent, cooling, Infrakingdom: Streptophyta, Superdivision: braintonic, purgative, cure tridosha, biliousness, Embryophyta, Division: Tracheophyta, Subdivision: itching sensation, fever, stop vomiting, useful in the Spermatophytina, Class: Magnoliopsida, diseases of eye, ear, mouth, used in skin diseases, Superorder: Asteranae, Order: Lamiales, Family: leprosy and ulcers. The flowers were also used for the Oleaceae, Genus: Jasminum, Species: Jasminum treatment of diarrhea, abdominal pain, conjunctivitis, sambac[34] . asthma, cancer, wound healing, toothache and dermatitis. The leaves were used to heal the wounds. www.iajps.com Page 1767 IAJPS 2018, 05 (03), 1766-1778 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 The flowers and leaf were also used in folk medicine Dotriacontanoic acid, dotriacontanol, oleanolic acid, to prevent and treat breast cancer. The flowers were daucosterol, hesperidin, [+]-jasminoids A, B, C, and used by the women when brewed as a tonic as it aids D were isolated from the roots of Jasminum sambac in preventing breast cancer and stopping uterine [59-60]. bleeding. The plant was included in herbal preparations for the treatment of insanity and Rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin-3- epilepsy [39-48]. dirhamnoglycoside, kaempherol-3- rhamnoglycosides, α-amyrin, β-sitisterol were The whole plant is considered to be anthelmintic, identified in the leaves3 [45] diuretic and emmenagogue [49]. The amounts of rutin and isoquercitrin in the dried leaf powder of Jasminum sambac Ait. were found to In Malaya, women used the soaked flowers to wash be 0.4959mg/g and 0.6481mg/g respectively, while, the face. The flowers were applied as a poultice to the hesperidin in the ethanolic extract of the roots was breasts of women as a lactifuge [50]. found to be 4.25%w/w[42, 57]. The leaves and roots of the plant were used Chlorocoumarin, coumarin derivative and kaempferol traditionally in the treatment of inflammation, fever a flavanoidal derivative were identified in the leaves and pain [51]. of Jasminum sambac [61]. Jasmine oil has a wide range of medicinal applications and was used in perfumery, soaps, Trimeric iridoidal glycoside, sambacoside A, flavorings and the cosmetic industry. Medicinally, it molihuasides A-E were isolated from the flowers was used for the treatment of dry, greasy, irritated of Jasminum sambac [62]. and sensitive skin, irritating coughs, alleviating muscular pain and treating sprains, antidepressant, A novel plant cysteine-rich peptides family, antiseptic, antispasmodic, sedative and uterine jasmintides were isolated from Jasminum sambac. tonic[52-55]. Two 27-amino acid jasmintides [jS1 and jS2] were identified at the gene and protein levels[63] . Parts used: 2, 3 -Dihydro- Benzofuran, 1-Nonadecene, 2, 6, 10- Flowers, roots and leaves [40-48]. Trimethyl,14-Ethylene-14-Pentadecne,1-Nonadecene, 1-Heptacosanol, alpha.-Tocopherol-.beta.-D- Physicochemical properties: mannoside , Nonacosane were isolated from the Physicochemical properties of essential oil of leaves, and 1-Nonadecene, Nonadecyl Jasminum sambac [closed buds open flowers]: color trifluoroacetate, 1-Heptacosanol, 1-Heptacosanol, 1- was clear yellow and off-whitish yellow, refractive Heptacosanol, E-14-Hexadecenal were isolated from index was 1.47 at 20°C and 1.49 at 20°C, the stems of Jasminum sambac[64]. congealing point was 17°C and 17.25°C, optical rotation was +3.30 at 20°C and +3.50 at 20°C, Benzyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-gluco- specific gravity was 0.956 at 20°C and 0.9850 at pyranoside [beta-primeveroside], 2-phenylethyl beta- 20°C,acid number was 6.85 and 6.89 and ester primeveroside, and 2-phenylethyl 6-O-alpha-L- number was 242.58 and 240.02 respectively[52]. rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside [beta- rutinoside] were isolated as aroma precursors of The physiochemical parameters of leaves Jasminum benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol from
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