1 SPRUANCE CLASS DESTROYERS- USS Paul F. Foster (DD 964),USS Elliot (DD 967) and USS Hewitt (DD 966)- berthedat the NavalStation, Sun Diego. (Photo by PHCS Herman Schroeder, USN(Ret)) r ALL

MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 55th YEAR OF PUBLICATION 1977 NUMBEROCTOBER 1977 729

Features 4 'MYLETTERS RUFFLEDFEATHERS He was the first black to be commissioned in the regular Navy

8 GETTING TOGETHERAFTER MORE THAN THREE DECADES Their grueling determination paid off handsomely

12 COMMAND ORGANIZATION AND STAFF STRUCTURE Pane FOR THE OPERATING FORCES OF THE U.S. NAVY Explaining the two co-existing fleetcommand structures

16 FISHING FOR SUBMARINES OFF ICELAND A 15-hour mission is the norm when it comes to ASW

24 BASICUNDERWATER DEMOLITION AND SEA-AIR- LAND TRAINING Only half of them make it through Phase I

29 USS MARVIN SHIELDS VISITS WESTERN SAMOA Helping to celebratean island nation's independence

34 RESERVECENTER ASSISTS FLOOD VICTIMS . . .and again,disaster strikes this Pennsylvania town

Departments 2 Currents 14 Grains of Salt 38 Bearings 42 For the Navy Buff 47 Mail Buoy

Chiefof Naval Operations: Admiral James L. Holloway Ill Staff: LT Bill Ray Chief of Information: Rear Admiral David M.Cooney JOC Dan Guzman Dir. Print Media Div. (NIRA): Lieutenant Commander G. Wm. Eibert JO1 John Yonemura Editor: John F. Coleman JO1 Jerry Atchison Production Editor: Lieutenant John Alexander JO1 (SS)Pete Sundberg Layout Editor: E. L. Fast PH1 Terry Mitchell ArtEditor: Michael Tuffli JO2 Dan Wheeler JO2 Davida Matthews J03 Francis Bir Edward Jenkins Elaine McNeil Covers Front: Excellent timing by PH2 R. A. Rima catches the anchor of the carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) onimpact - giving an idea how much water is displaced when 30 tons of steel is followed by a 180-fathom chain, each link weighing in at 160 pounds. Back: In a salute to the Navy's Birthday - October 13 - artist Audie Bransford Page 34 highlights the career of Commodore Stephen Decatur of Tripolitan War fame. currents

NESEP Program Terminated 0 The Navy Enlisted Scientific Education Program (NESEP) has been terml- nated because of a lack of available funds to support the program. However, other options remain for enlisted personnel to pursue anofficer’s commission. Although the Navy was forced to stop paymentof tuition for NESEP students in 1976, each NESEP graduatestill costs the Navy a total of atleast $28,000 in pay and other support costs. In addition, new regulations governing funding previously available to students underprovisions of the “GI Bill” reduced the number of personnel able to apply for the NESEP program.No new NESEP ap- plications will be accepted. Those persons who have started the FY 78 ap- plication process were informed by Oct. 1, 1977 of their Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) results so they may apply for other programs for which they may be qualified. All remaining FY 77 selecteeswill be allowed to enrollin school. The final NESEP graduateis expected to be commissioned by the end of FY 82. Enlisted personnel interested in receiving a college degree and an officer’s commission still have several available options. Officer commission sources open to enlisted personnel include the NROTC program offering four-year scholarships at one of 56 participating civilian universities, and the U.S. Naval Academy. Interested personnel who lack adequate academic preparation to successfully compete for Naval Academy and NROTC appointments are en- couraged to apply for special preparatory programs. The BOOST (Broadened Opportunities for Officer Selection and Training) Programis designed to pre- pare selected enlisted personnel for entranceto theNaval Academy or NROTC. The Naval Academy Prep School (NAPS) located at Newport, R.I., provides students with an academic and military environment uniquely designed to strengthen a student’s ability to complete theNaval Academy curriculum. Ad- ditionally, for those whoreceive a baccalaureate degree in off-duty education programs, Naval Reserve officer commissions are available through Officx Candidate School (OCS) and Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS).Per- sonnel interested in any of the programs should consult with their command education officer or career counselor.

New Personnel Management System Tested in Washington, D.C. Area 0 A new system providing “one-stop” person- nel and disbursing service now is being tested in the Washington,D.C. area. The new Pay and Personnel Administrative Support System, called “PASS,” will simplify such routine procedures as check-in/check-out and changes in de- pendency status. Additionally, greater personnel pay record accuracy is ex- pected as the new centralized and automated system goes into effect.PASS will be introduced in two phases: Phase oneof the plan calls for the consolida- tion and the co-location of personnel and pay functions. Pilot PASS officeswill be established during this phase in Norfolk, Va. (Nov. 1, 1977) and San Diego, Calif. (Feb. 1, 1978), in addition to the Washington office.PASS offices will be managed by a single personnel service center established by the appropriate major command in a geographic area. Smaller satellite offices,similar to the existing pay network, will remain in subordinate command locations to provide one-stop support. In phase two, an improved data reporting systemwill be fully automated to link PASS offices with both BuPers and theNavy Finance Center ALL HANDS through use of remote computer terminals. Following full implementation of both phases, it is anticipated that PASS capabilities will be expanded to provide support to local commands by automation of such data as watch-quarter- station bills, muster lists, statistical reports and individual qualification and training reports. The target date for completion of phases one and twois 198 1.

Status Reviews of MIAs Resumed 0 The Department of Defense has announced that the service secre- taries will resume status reviews of personnel listed asmissing in action (MIA) during the Vietnam conflict. Status reviews are individual,case-by-case investi- gations, prescribed by law, to determine if a serviceman should be continued in a captured or missing status, or reclassifiedas deceased. MIA status reviews, except those requested by next-of-kin, were halted in mid-1973 pendinglegal suits questioning the constitutionality of thelaw requiring these reviews. The courts upheld the constitutionality of the law. The statusreview moratorium was continued until investigations by a select congressional committee and a Presidential commission determined that there was no credible evidence to indi- cate that any American service personnel are being held in Southeast Asia against their will. MIA next of kin will be notified in advance that areview of their relative’s case will be conducted. Next of kin havethe right to attend the review hearing and present any information they consider relevant. This action in no way alters theU.S. Government’s intent to obtain as full an accountingas possible of missingor deceased personnel. Negotiations with Southeast Asian governments will continue, to gain as much information as possible on all unaccounted servicemen.

FPO Addresses Eliminated In Hawaii and Alaska 0 After several years of review, the Department of Defense has de- cided to eliminate APO and FPO addresses in Hawaii and certain parts of Alaska effective Sept. 3, 1977. The adequacy of normalU.S. Postal service and the availability of postal facilities were primary considerations in the decision. The following civil zip codes will replace the existing FPO zip codes: Civil Zip Code Code Location AssignedLocationZip Code Unit QtrslResidence Mail Mail Room

966 10 Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 Honolulu, HI 96818 966 10 Camp Smith, HI 9686 1 Aiea, HI. 96701 966 11 Barbers Point, HI 96862 Ewa Beach, HI 96706 966 12 Lualualei, HI 96792 Waianae,HI 96792 966 13 Wahiawa, HI 96786 Wahiawa,HI 96786 966 15 Kaneohe Bay, HT 96863 Kailua, HI 96734 9877 1 Juneau, AK 9980 1 Juneau, AK 99801 98774 Anchorage, AK 9950 1 Anchorage, AK 99501 98776 Ketchikan, AK 99901 Ketchikan, AK 99901

Provisions have been made to ensure all mail in the pipeline at the time of conversion and sub.sequently received in FPO San Franciscoor Seattle will con- tinue to be processed through to Hawaii or Alaska without delay for a reason- able period of time. For directory purposes,60 days is considered a reasonable period for changing addresses. It is anticipated that the pipelineo.f old FPO addressed mail will be virtually eliminated by early November 1977.

October 1977 3 4 -ALL HANDS ’my letters ruffled feathers’

BY 502 DAN WHEELER Ind., is a good-humored,easy going the time, was helping place his ship in No one likes to feel out of place; Hoosier who entered the sea service in commission. “In fact, to this day, I’m everyone wants to belong. That’s why 1944 and graduated from boot camp not sure what became of those appli- it’s tough being the only “short hair” as a steward’s mate. Shortly thereafter, cants.” at a rock concert, or the only novice in he was accepted into the V-12 Officer Later, Lee received a telephone call a tennis tournament, or the only black Candidate PJrogram at DePauw Uni- from the Chief of Naval Personnel tell- officer in an dl-white officer corps. versity, Greencastle, Ind., and commis- ing him that he had been selected to “There weren’t many blacks in the sioned an ensign in the Naval Reserve receive a regular commission, and ask- Navy when I came in. I knew it and I upon graduation in 1945. ing him if he would accept. “We talked knew why, so I made it my goal after “Back then, the Navy didn’t use all about it and he said, ‘You’vegot all the human assets available. Of course, ” beingcommissioned t 10 provethat the qualifioations.’ bllacks should routinely be recruited as that’schanged now, but then there He discussed the idea with his par- officers, if qualified. Race is not now, weren’t many ratings open to enlisted ents and they were against his accept- nor was it then, a measure of ability,” blacks and there were no black officers ing the offer;his father wanted him to said retired Lieutenant Commander in the regular Navy,” Lee said. Almost go into the family’s business. Lee de- John W. Lee, the first black to be as an afterthought, he added, “I want- cided to accept, anyway, and was com- commissioned in the regular Navy. ed to be a signalman or quartermaster missioned into the regularNavy on “Many years ago, I repeatedly wrote -but those ratings were not open to Maruh 15, 1947. to the Chief of Naval Personnel trying blacks-so, they made me an officer!” Later that year he married. Today to get the Navy to activelyreclruit When World War I1 ended, a more his wife, Jerry, is an assistant librarian blacks for ROTC units,” Lee said. “I enlightened Navy began an augmenta- in Indianapolis and all three of their guess my letters ruffled feathers some- tion propm to encourage reserve children are college graduates. times, but I thought it was my place to officers to accept regular Navy com- Lee’sfirst duty station afteraug- say what I knew to be right.” missions.Seventy-two’ reserve officers, mentation was the Bureau of Naval including three women,were in the Lee, now a logistics engineer at the Personnel where he remained until or- Navy, but only three applied-a war- Naval AvionicsFacility, Indianapolis, dered to General LineOfficer’s School. rant officer and two lieutenants. “I From there he was sentto’ Weapons Retired LCDR John Lee. wasn’t one of them,” said Lee, who, at Officer’s School and then to the carrier

October 1977 5 ‘my letters ruffled feathers ...#

learned why,” Lee said. “Years after office to provide guidance in minority my first assignment, I was stationed in affairs. Dover, N.J. My wife and I attended a “Today’ssenior officers are quite party where we learned from the XOs concerned aboutpeople and that’s wife that before orders were ever cut good. Thereare manyofficer educ’a- forme to come to that command,a tion programs and the Navy tries to dossier had been sent to see if I would match billets with abilities,” Lee said. be acceptable. I guess it was done each “Also, I think the Navy has been lead- time. Apparently, there wasagreat ing the way in race relations education.

Above: ENS John Lee, assistant navigator aboard USS Kearsarge (CV-33) in 1948. Right: Promoted to Lieutenant Commander, Oct. 15, 1957.

USS Kernsurge (CVA 33). “Although I was the only black reg- ular Navy officer at the time, I wasn’t the onlyblack officer in the Navy. There wereseveral in the reserves,” Lee said. ‘‘At every duty station I was treated well and never noticed any aots of overt racial discrimination directed toward me.” Inhindsight though, Lee men- tioned th’athe did notice something pe- culiar about the way he was received at each new duty station, especially in the early years of his career. It seems that no one was ever surprised to see a blackofficer reporting for duty in a predominantlywhite Navy. “At least deal of greasing the skids before I ever They do morethan simplycomply the quarterdeck watch officer (ET petty showed up.” with the law-they do it in the spirit it officershould have been somewhat Lee still has an active interest in was intended.” surprised at having me report for per- Navy developments and believes con- There were many areas neediig im- manent duty, especiallysince only siderable improvements have been provementwhen Lee was on active names, ranks and reporting dates were made sincehe began his career 30 duty. Many of those thingswhich routinely forwarded. They never were, years ago. He pointed out that today, bothered him-slow promotions, low though,” Lee said. forinstance, there are many “people pay, long separations from family- “It wasn’t until years later that I prcnpams” and evena HumanGoals have been corrected now.

6 ALL HANDS Yet, thr,ough it all, Lee thinks that spite of the hardships, wemiss Navy and co’nvertthem into realities-that perhapshe andhis family benefited life.” was part of our j’ob.” from the hardships. “There wasn’t The things Lee misses’ mostare vari- That seems tobe Lee’sspecialty, much money in those days, so we had ety and travel. “Although I cursed the turning dreams into reality. All 04 the to live frugally,” Lee said. “Addition- transfers in one breath, I still enjoyed dreamshe had about changing the ally, during my service, we hadto the new challenges.” He served in 10 Navy have come to pass. Now, as he move 29 times and often I was sent on ships and at numerous field activities, approlachesage 54, his children are longdeployments or unaccompanied but hismost challenging assignment well educated and his job is secure. Al- tours. It was tough not beingable to was as commanding officer of an though he has no plans to retire again makeclose friends or establish roots, oceanographic detachment engaged in soon, Lee admits that he’s about ready but I think we are better for the expe- classified operations an’d research, in since, by his own admis#sion, his favor- riences we had in the Navy. the late 1950s. ite hobby is “rest and relaxation.” “My oldest daughter once had to list “The thing I liked most about that From the regular Navy’s iirst black the schools she had attended as part of duty was the high caliber of people,” ensign to a successful engineering ca- the admittance requirements for yet Lee said. “Theywere the best, the reer 30 years later, John Lee has had another school. We needed an extra very best. I found it especially reward- two full careers. “It’s been agreat life,” sheet of paper to complete it-she had ing totake people’sintangible ideas he said. “I have no regrets about the attended 11 elementary and three high time I spent in the Navy, I enjoyed it schools!” all. I wouldn’t hesitate to recommend a Lee doesn’t believe that the transfers Navy career to anyyoung man or hurt hisdaughter’s education in any woman as their life’s vocation.” way since she’s now a medical physical therapist and certainly cosmopolitan in her outlook.“She can hald her own talking to anyone and has no prob- lems getting along, due at least in part to her Navy upbringing,” Lee said. “At times, it seemedvery, very hard; in

In January 1961, LCDR Lee conducted pre- commissioning detail school for sailors aboard USS Constellation (CV-63).

October 1977 Getting together after ”he United States was at war in the Reserve-“Therewere no application ‘on the other side. It takes time to winter of 1944 and its attention was forms, just an opportunity.” Some sus- overcome prejudices.” focused on news from the front. Miles pected they were being used in a mas- Dr. Barnesremembered other in- from the front lines, however, 13 men sive publicity campaign to paove that stances of overtracism. “My biggest werefighting their own war at Great discrimination in the Navy was a thing problem was being accepted by fellow Lakes Naval S’tati’on in Illinois. Theirs of$he past. The Navy had opened all officers,” he said. “I remember walking was a continuing war, a struggle general ratings to blacks in 1942, but into an officers’ club on Okinawa and against racial discrimination. hadcommissioned only one or two you could cut thesilence with a The ‘‘Golden Thirteen,” asthey blacks and no black line officers’. knife. Then, all of the officers in the were later called, comprised the Navy’s “Personally, I didn’t care why I was place walked out-it was just me and &st alldblack Officer Candidate School chosen,” said George C. Cooper. “We the bartender.” company. They ate alone, lived alone, simplywanted todo an outstanding Graham E. Martin, who said he and studiedalone. In fact, theywere job, to be an examplefor those who joined the Navyb’ecause he had no the only students in the school. “It was pure hell,” said Frank E. Sublett, one of the ninesurviving members present at a recent reunion sponsored by the Navy Recruiting Command‘sCampus Liaison Officers Conference. “It wassomething both we and the Navy had to endure; we came out of it reasonably successful.” “We knewwe were putting our- selves-and all BIacks-on the line whenwe agreed to go to OCS,” said Jesse Arbor, another one of the reun- ionists. “It was a literal test of our abilities. If we didn’t score high, we would be held accountable. People would point to us as proof that blacks would come after us. We wanted them great desire to visit Army booitcamps couldn’t b’eleaders in the Navy.” to (be able to look at us with pride and in the South, said, “I think the Navy Dr. Samuel E. Barnes was also there know that the Navy helpedmake it tried to ,shelter us against overt dis- when the “experiment”began. “We possible.” crimination ‘by tryingto1 eliminate com- weredetermined to excelas a class,” Their grueling determination to suc- promising situations. I was placed in he said, “and weweren’t concerned ceedpaid off handsomely. They, the command #of a YO out of San Francis- about ourselves ‘asindividuak, but as a first black OCS class, graduated with a co andthe Navyslowly changed the group. At night, we’d sit in the head 3.89 overall grade point average-a oiler’swhite complement to an all- “windows and doors blacked out- record to this day. blackcrew. What pleased me im- and study naval science courses, sema- Pinning on ensign’s bars didn’t wipe mensely,however, was that a white phore and morse code. We’d drill each out discriminationthough. The Navy engineerdidn’t want to leave- other allnight if necessary,and this was ahanging in 1944, but change in- eventually, Ihe had to, though.’’ drew u3,together. We wanted to prove volves people, and people change their Though each of the formerofficers that our selection was justified and that attitudes slowly. “I can recall white experiencedvarious degrees of dis- we weren’t ,a party to tokenism.” sailors steering clear of me just to crimination, all agreed that overt racial None of the nineknows for sure avoimd saluting,” said Dalton L. Baugh, prejudice in the Navy is not prevdent why he was selected to be one of the Sr. “They’d skip across the street when t.rxlay. “It was killed by intelligence,” first group of black line officers to be theysaw me coming. After a while, said John Reagan. “We demonstrated commissioned as a unit into the Naval though, I’d cross too and catch them our skills and kept our calm instead of

8 ALL HANDS more than three dec throwing b r ic k s and raising our (June 1949). During his 20 years’ and Lawrence C. Chambers). I’m also voices.” service (which ended in 1969), he saw impressedwith the Navy’s intentions, Arbor added, “It’s never enough to many improvements for minorities. which I believe are sincere.” demand equal rights and we knew that. “In the beginning,” he said, “when The consensus of the reunionists You have to prove your worth as a blackswere allowed into the gener,al was stated by Cooper: “Opportunities professional-I said ‘professional,’ not ratings, many COS would simply send are available now in the Navy, oppor- ‘person.’ We are all people, but equal them back to the nearest receiving sta- tunities weonly dreamedabout 33 job opportunity is based on a person’s tion rather than acceptthem at their yearsago. The youth of our country professional skills.” command. Integration would have have begun to see an individual for his Most of the original unit left the been much slower if the Navy had not worth, for hiscontribution-not his Navy after the war was over. A few made it policy to require COS to put color. If you are willing to produce, returned during the Korean War and into writing their reasons for rejecting you can be anything that you want in some remained active in the reserves. a particular individual. this Navy.” Th e survivingmembers of the Navy’sfirst dl-black OCS class and their occupations today are: Dr. Samuel E. Barnes-Chairman, Healthand Physical Education Divi- sion, University ‘of District of Colum- bia, Washington, D.C. Dalton L. Baugh-LCDR,USNR (Ret),Owner and President, D. Baugh & Associates,, Inc., Mattapan, Mass. Jesse W. Arbor-Engineer, Board of Education, City of Chicago. GeorgeC. Cooper-Director, De- partment of Human Resources, City of Dayton, Ohio. Left toright: Graham Martin, George “There were only 13 ol us in 1944,” William S. White-Presiding Judge, Cooper, Jersey Grut, Dalton Baugh, Jesse Arbor, Jack Morris, Wesley Brown,Samuel Brownsaid’, “and now the Navy has Juvenile Division, Circuit Court, Cook Barnes, Frank Sublett, John Reagan, more than 1,000 black officers. To me, County, Ill. William White and Dennis Nelson. that indicates that a lot has been DennisD.Nelson-LCDR, USN d,one.” (Ret), MinoritySmall Business Spe- Lieutenant Commander DennisD. Today, not only are all ratings open cialist, Small Business Administration, Nelson, USN(Ret) augmented to the to blacksand all minority groups, San Diego. regular Navy and stayed for 20 years. but also everyofficer corps aswell. John W. Reagan-President and He said he pursued a Navy career be- Color of skin no longer determines Director of Counseling,Community cause he felt opportunities in the serv- how high ‘one can advance or what op- Housing Services, Pasadena, Calif. ice were superior to those on the out- portunities will be available-the only Frank E. SublettAervice Manager, side. Today, two of his sons are also qualifying factors are ability, education Grant Dean Buick, Highland Park, Ill. servicemen-oneis a NavalReserve and experience. Graham E. Martin-HighSchool lieutenant commanderand the other ‘‘h impressed,” Dr. Barnes said Teacher, Indianapolis, Ind. an Air F’orcepilot. with a note cof satisfaction. “I never Wesley A. Brownis a Facilities Wesley A. Brown, though not in the thought I’d see a black admiral in the Planner in the Office of the President, first black company, also attended the U.S.Navy and now there are three Howard University, Washington, D.C. oonference. Brown was the first black (Vice Admiral Samuel L. Gravely, Jr., By J03 John Brindley to graduate from the Naval Academy and Rear Admirals Gerald E. Thomas J02 Glenn R. Amato LTJG Ralf H. R. Edler October 1977 9 Awareness in Action .. . main olbjectives: tions Admiral James L. Holloway 111; 0 Provide c o 11 e g e communities Chief of Naval Personnel Vice Admi- with information concerning Navy life ralJames D. Watkins;Commander in general, Navy officer programs and Third Fleet Vice Admiral Samuel L. the U.S. Naval Academy. Gravely, Jr.; Commander, Navy Re- 0 Advise and assist recruiters in cruiting Command Rear Admiral Ed- communityaffairs, minority recruiting ward S. Brigs; and the Chief of Infor- and their relationship with the aca- mationRear Admiral D avid M. demiccommunity. Cooney. 0 Increase the accession and reten- Perhaps, th’ough, the mcost valuable tion rates of minorityofficers in the information fordaily use camefrom Navy. roundtable discussionsamong them- Helpmake minoritycommuni- selvesas they talked aboutthe chal- ties aware of the opportunities and the lenge of recruiting. potential for upwardmobility in to- “I don’t‘hardsell’ the Navy,”said day’s Navy. L C D R Linwood Jacobs, associate CLOs are civilianeducators-most dean of students at the University of of whom have had military service- Virginia. “I think the awareness ap- who have received direct commissions proach is best, so I encourage students LCDR John Brown as lieutenant mmmanders in the Na- val Reserve. They assist in minority re- “Many minority group mem’bers are cruiting at their respectivefour-year, unaware of the job opportunities in the accredited colleges and universities by Navy,”said Lieutenant Commander being available to students desiring in- John Brown, the Campus Liaison formation about a Navy career. Officer (CLO) at Dillard University in Recently they met in San Francisco, New Orleans. “Some still think they’ll Calif., for their Fifth Annual Confer- be relegated to menial tasks in a bor- ence, to discuss ways to improve com- ing environment, instead of b’eingof- municati’ons in minority recruiting en- fered a challenge.” deavors and to attend briefings and LCDR Brown,one aof 41 CLOs workshopsheld by reserve members working on collegecampuses around andactive duty officers. Additionally, the nation, also said that many minori- the Navy Recruiting Command spon- ty group students think they’ll be token sored a reunion for the nine surviving officers with no responsibilities except members of the Navy’sfirst all-black showing other ethnic group members OCS class, oommissioned in 1944. that there is no discrimination in the Just across the bridge from the Navy. “The idea is absurd, of course,” Treasure Island CLO conferencesite, Brown said. “People’s races have abso- members of the National N a v a1 lutely nothing to do with their job as- OfficersAssociation (NNOA) held LCDR Moses Walker signments in the Navy.” their annual conference inBerkeley. In a nutshell,it’s those erroneous The CLOs and reunionists were invit- to investigate all of their career options conceptsvoiced by minority students ed to hear (guest speakers addressing including the Navy.” thatthe Navy is combatingthrough the NNOA. LCDR Charles Willie, a professor the Navy Recruiting Command’s Cam- During t h e four-dayconference, of political science at Grambling State pusLiaison Officers Program.De- CLOs received valuable insight to aid Universityin Louisiana, believes that signed to enhance the Affirmative Ac- them in their recruiting efforts from the only way to make contact with mi- ti’on Plan, and called “a brilliant idea” manyhigh-ranking officers, among nority students on a favorable basis is by theCNO, the programhas four wh’om were: Chief‘of NavalOpera- to actively sell the Navy in both class- 10 ALL HANDS rooms and social situations. “Since I age. This should make minorities more teach politicalscience,” he said, “it aware of the equal opportunity availa- isn’t difficult to include a discussion of ble inthe Navy.Additionally, the our country’s military posture. At so- Chief of InformatEonsaid thatthe cial gatherings, the conversation in- Navy expects to use more video tape variably turns to the Navy since many and “video disc” in the future. of my students know that I’m a reserve LCDR MosesWalker, an assistant officer. No matter where the subject is professor of business administration broached, I’m ready to provide infor- and economics at Fayetteville State University in North Carolina, seemed to have the right approach to ensuring effective communication with minority students and still recognizing that more progress can be made. “The Navy isn’t a utopia-no’ organization is perfect,” he said. “What is important is that the sea service is taking steps to wipe out discrimination and embrace all races and nationalities in its ranks. LCDR Alyce Jenkins

LCDR Alyce M. E. Jenkins, an as- sistant professor at the College of Edu- cation at Wright State University in Ohio, said she sometimes has problems convincing students of the merits of Navy officer programs. “The minority communityseems more enthusiastic about the Air Force than the Navy,” LCDR Herman Norwml she said. “They are especially hard to mation and answer questions.’’ convince in terms of pursuing long- Assistantprofessor of Afro-Ameri- range goals. We are competing with ci- can and African studies at the Univer- vilian industry for these young people sity {of North Carolina, LCDR Herman and some ‘of them are looking to satis- Norman sees his job as “helping to im- fy immediate needs-moremoney prove the Navy’s image among minori- now.” ties and explainNavy job opportuni- Jenkins’ remarks closelyparalleled ties. The fact that the Navy is making those madeby VAdm. Gravely when challenging careers available to minori- he stated at the conference that many ties makes the idea of military service blacksstill consider the Navy to be LCDR Charles Willie more attractive,” he said. “the least desirable service.”Some Althoughtalking about Navylife CLOs believe the Navy needs to boost “I tell students that choosing a ca- and expounding on the benefits is en- its use of minorities in recruiting catm- reer isn’t something to be taken light- j,oyable, a CLO’s job is not always that paigns and Navy literature. ly,”Walker said, “and a minority easy. Often, they are fac’edwith stu- RAdm. Cooney t’old the CLOs that group membershould be especially dents who have lifelong prejudices and the Navyis taking positive steps to careful since opportunities in civilian misconcepti’ons about the ‘military and remedy that situation by persuading life are still limited in some areas. Not the Navy. These must be dispelled be- the media to portray the Navy with an so in the Navy-if you are willing to fore communication is possible. accurate racial balance in their cover- learn, the Navy wants you.” 9,

October 1977 11 commandel UI p UEU ;ome s: tions this oDe ~rther( gated.) Grains of Salt

,\\

BY LT TOM DAVIS of 260 officers and men. Stateside newspapers immediately laid blame for the loss of Maine 'on Spanishtreachery. Byearly 1898, diplomatic relations between Spain and The American public called for war. the United States had deteriorated to the point that Amer- On the other side of the world, the Navy's Asiatic Squad- ican newspapers were featuring front-page stories decrying ron lay at anchor in Hong Konghaxbor. On April 24, Spain'scolonial policies in Cuba.Led byWilliam Ran- 1898, CommodoreGeorge Dewey, in command of the dolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, the American press was squadron, was informedby the Governor of HongKong printing articles of questionableaccuracy portraying im- that war had been declared between Spain and the United poverishedand starving Cubans cruellydominated by States. Two days later, Deweyreceived a telegram from their Spanish military rulers. Circulation ballooned as pro- Secretary of the Navy John D. Long: "War has commenced Cubanand anti-Spanishstories became moreand more batween the United States and Spain. Proceedat once inflammatory. to the Philippine Islands. Commence operations at once, Demonstrations in the Cuban capital grew violent and, particularly against the Spanishfleet. You must capture finally, USS Maine, one of the Navy'stwo second-class vessels or destroy. Use utmost endeavors." battleships,was sent to Cuba, ostensibly on acourtesy On April 27, the Asiatic Squadron weighedanchor visit but actually to stand byin case the needarose to and stood for Manila. Two days later, shipswere sent evacuate Americans.Maine's visit was uneventful until ahead to reconnoiterSubic Bay. When this search re the night of Feb. 16, 1898, when an underwater explosion vealed no Spanishwarships, the squadron continued on shattered the night calm, sinking the battleship with a loss toward Manila. Dewey's plan was to steam under cover

14 ALL HANDS ”

of darkness past theshore batteries at the entrance to When the signal to ceasefire was made, the Spanish Manila Bay. All wentwell until a stoker onboard Mc- fleet had ceased to exist as a fighting force. Every one of Culloch threwa shovelful of coal dust into the furnace its ships was either burning, run aground, or sunk. There causing sparks to shoot up the the funnel. were more than 300 Spanish casualties, among them two Spanish shore batteries openedfire, but were soon si- commandingofficers. Amazingly, not one American had lenced by the guns of Boston. Speed was reduced and at beenkilled and onlytwo officers and six men had been dawn the nextday, May 1, 1898, the Spanishfleet was wounded.Spain’s naval presence in the Pacific had been sighted at anchor off Cavite. utterly destroyed. Changing course to starboard, Dewey formed his ships Threemonths later another Spanish squadron was de into line-of-battlewith his flagship Olympia leading, fol- stroyed. This time it was a force of four armored cruisers lowedby Baltimore, Raleigh, Petrel, Concord, McCulloch and two torpedo boat destroyers, virtually the only effec- and Boston. tive naval force left to Spain after the battle in Manila Bay The first Spanish shell came from the shore battery ton (with the exception of a small squadron protecting Span- Sangley Point and soon all the Spanishships joined in. ish waters). Blockaded in the Cuban harbor of Santiago The Spanish shelling went on for a full 20 minutes with- by the U. S. North Atlantic Fleet for more than a month, out an American shot fired in reply. Then, at 0619, at a the Spanish squadron made a run for open sea on Sun- distance of just under three miles, Commodore Dewey day morning, July 3, 1898. In just under four hours, the leaned over the railing of the flying bridge and called down running battle which ensued was over-one Spanish de- his now immortal words to the commanding officer of stroyer had been sunk and the other five ships had been Olympia, “You may fire when ready, Gridley.” At a nod run aground or captured. Spanish resistance was over. from Captain Gridley, the bugler blew “commence firing,” The Spanish-American War not only marked the emer- the flag signal“engage the enemy”was broken, andthe gence of the U. S. as a world power, it showed that Amer- American ships opened fire. ica’s Navy was indeed a highly effective fightingforce which They steamed past the Spanishfleet five times, firing could be relied upon by the American people to protect continuouslywith only onebreak to checkammunition its interests-a reputation which it continues to uphold to supplies and eat breakfast. this day. 9,

October 1977 15 Fishing for Submarines think of it much like Patrolling and protecting these sea The mission for which the crew pre- fishing; you throw out the lanes is a responsibility that does not pared would end 15 hours later; not “I hook and wait for some- fall slolelyto the United States. particularly long when you consider thing to take the bait,” the Naval Maritime ASW aircraft from Canada, that ASW operations often count more flight officer said. Great Britain,, Norway andother than 15 hours as the norm. Recently, ALLHANDS decided to NATO countries bordering the North The 12-man crew-5 officers and 7 tag along on one of these unusual Atlantic also assist in conducting enlisted-began going through their “fishing”expeditions. The place: around-the-clock patrols. preflight preparations. On hard the Naval Station, Keflavik, Iceland. The It can beseen that there is a whole plane, sensor operators began making guides: officers and menof Patrol lot more going into ASW operations checks on theequipm,ent they would Squadron Twenty-Four (VP 24). than might be suggested by our operate once airborne. While on the And the “fishing” expedition: Anti- Navy officer’s fishing analomgy,And the ground the sensor operators checked Submarine Warfare (ASW)operations high degreeof technical expertise, ‘outtheir various gear by “talking” to conducted aboard VP ‘24‘s P3C dedication and staminarequired of the plane’s onboard co8mputerthat ties “Orion” airplanes. ASW crews can best be understood many of the systems together.By ASW operations from Iceland-as by riding alongon one mission. inserting programs into1 the computer the Navy’s around the world-are *** they learned if the equipment was serious business. One look at Iceland Iceland‘s black lava mountains stood operational. If there was a problem, demonstrates why. This nation about out against the overcast sky as the the computer told themnot osnly where the size of Kentucky, straddles the ASW crew arrivedat the hangar to to go to solve the problem but how to lanes through which many Soviet-bloc prepare for the upcoming mission. fix it, as well. ships and submarines musttravel on Although it was after 1900, the sun’s As the sensoroperators continued their way to the Atlantic Ocean. occasional poke throughthe clouds their checks, the pilot conducted a Located between Greenland and pointed out it would be light all night. walkaround of his plane. He poked Europe, just South of the Arctic This far north at this timeof the year into wheel wells and grabbed flaps and Circle, Iceland is of strategic im- (June) means about three hours of cables. He studied connections and portance to member nations of the twilight with the sun just barely searched for leaks. North Atlantic Treaty Organization slipping beneath thehorizon before “One thing about this aircraft is its (NATO). it rises again. amazing dependability,” he said.

0.. off Iceland

16 ALL HANDS

case of spotting and identifying the t hauls abig load of men other guy before he spots you.” and equipmentand, although Because of this, the TSC serves as-a some of this equipment focal point for some of the Navy’s wasn’t originally designedto be most technically sophisticatedand buffeted around in an airplane, intricate equipment. Although this we’ve found that we can treat it gently crew had completed many missions and keepit operating in the P3C.” in the past, the need for security One more reason for the plane’s oonsciousness was-as it must be- dependability could be seen in the reiterated once again at the start of hangar. Squadron maintenancepeople, the brief. often required to work 1Zhour shifts Using information gathered from seven days a week, could be seen intelligence sources, previous missions clambering in and out of the planes. and the like, the TSC staff told the A couple of hours before the flight, crew whereit would be flying this the crew gathered and walked to the night and what they wouldbe doing. Tactical Support Center(TSC) All aspects of the mission were dis- located adjacent to the hangar. In a cussed, questions asked and answered large room filled with maps,charts and final preflight arrangements made. and computers, the crew would learn Back at planeside, one final bit of of its mission forthe evening. very important preparation was also The crew surrendered their ID being made. The food was brought cards to theMarine Sentry at the aboard andstowed in a smallbut entrance. In turn heissued special surprisingly well-equipped galleyin the passes that must be displayed at all rear of the plane. times insidethis classified complex. “Everybody has an important job Once inside, one quickly learned to do on the plane,” an enlisted why much of ASW operations are flight techniciansaid as he put cartons classified. As oneput it, “It’s really a of milk in the tiny refrigerator. “But if you’ve got one guy on yourcrew commercial airlines. Whenthe word I- who also happens to be a good cook, was passed, the crew went to their then it makes it a wholelot easier to assigned stations, donned survival gear handle the long missions.” and helmets and fastened their seat The countdown oontinued. Halfan belts. And, of course, there was no hour before flight time and more than smoking. three hours after preparations had Once airborne, two crewmen begun, the pilot calledthe crew immediately conductedan inspection together aboard theplane and issued of the aircraft to confirm the integrity his final instructions.Bailout and of all systems like fuel, oil, hydraulics ditching stations were assigned to the and el’ectrical/avionicsequipment. novice P3C passenger along forthis This was Conditi4onFour. mission. He was shown where his Finally, when wordwas passed to parachute was stowed, howto put it set Condition Three, the crew left on andhow to operate it-amid their seats and began preparation for assurances that this was, of course, the mission. just a precautionary measure. Precau- The business of locating, identify- tionary or not, one noticed that in ing and tracking submerged sub- light of the fact that the mission marines from an airplane thousands

racing pag ~ would be conducted entirely over of feet in the air can beas fascinating TACCO’s station is the airborne ASW water, the crew treated these final as a good detective novelor- nerve center. A VP 24 Orion fries instructions with appropriate returning t’o our fishing analogy- over Iceland‘s black lava fields seriousness. as exci’ting ashooking and catching and rugged terrain. This page, top “Set Condition Five,” the pilot said that really big fish. Here’s bow to bottom: Mountains ring the over the intercom as the plane taxied it works. world’s northernmostmetropolis and toward the end of the runway. Over the assigned area, acoustic capital of Iceland-Reykjavik. Condition Fiveis the military’s listening buoyswere droppedin a A crewman checks a manual in the equivalent to the “No Smoking- pattern over the ocean. Each buoy plane’s galley. Fasten Seat Belt” signs one sees on reeled out a microphone andsprouted

October 1977 19 Top to bottom: Shut down to conservefuel, the P-3 engine is siihouetted on station by the midnight sun. Instruments,maps and people fill the cockpit. Military and commercialaircraft share Iceland's major airport at NAS Keflavik.

an antenna uponimpact. These Lbuoys are bhe ears of the plane, radio-

$J;J;.,!'; ing back .any sounds made in their +' ' vicinity-including the distinctive sound madeby a submarine. The buoys are powered by batteries activated bythe ocean's salt water. And, after their usefulnesshas ended, water soluble seals dissolve and the buoy sinks. As each buoy wasdropped, a symbol appeared on the Tactical Coordinator's (TACCO) c'omputer display screen showing wherethe buoy was looatedand the channel number over whichit was broad- casting. The TACCO, whois overall tacti- cal missison commander, directed

, ,,,

:: i" ,, oomputations, the TACCO chose a .L. * *., ",,4&$* ,ksc:!Jis course for the plane that was also 3 '"{f

A:!,"~:j" displayed on a computerscreen in .x?; 6; front of the pilot in the cockpit. At a glance the pilot could see

~ which direction to head for the next ' bu'oy drop. In addition, he could se'e howfar he was from the next target, his ground speed and any other bits of information he could summon from the computer as desired. Soon, all the buoys had been dropped and all had been confirmed as{operating properly. Back at Sensor Stations One and Two, oper-

ALLHANDS ators continually moaitored the signals the P3C is that the crew need not be operalted together, singly or as the beaming #backfrom the buoys while rely solely Ion the acous,tic listening TACCO directs and as the mission a machine printed out patterns devices in their search for ships warrants. The computer through made by those signals on rolls of and submarines. Many other detec- which they operate ties them together paper. tion devices, all integrated into the to ensure they all work in harmony One sensor operator noticed a plane’s computer, allow the TACCO in pursuing the mission’s objective. suspicious looking signal coming from a number of means by which Forward of Sensor Station Three one of the buoys. Switching to that targets may be located, identified is the cubicle manned by the channel and pressing a number of and trackeld navigator/communicator. NAVCOM butt’ons, he expanded the visual At Sensor Station Three, an alslo has a number of systems signal for closer scrutiny. operator sat before an array of available to help in the mission. Each ship and submarine in the gear ldesigned bo ‘assist in the ASW Foremost of these are the automatic world emits a unique sound as it operation. Radar can be used to navigation systems. Inertial Guidance moves through th’e water. When the help spot targets in the search area. systems plus the computer’s own sound is printed out it cseates a IFF is ,an au,tomatic system by which navigation system provide the “signature” that enables the operator targets may be identified as friend NAVCOM with checks and doable to positively identify what he has or foe. Also at his disposal is a checks on the plane’s exact position picked up. system called Magnetic Anomaly at all times. And, like many (of the It was this signature that the sensor Dmetector or MAD for short. MAD other ASW systems aboard the Orion, operator nlow studied. Once again operates on the principle that any there is a backup system for use aided by the computer, the sensor large hull mloving through the water if needed. operator was able to identify the causes changes in the earth’s “I just pull out the old sextant signature as that o’f a surface ship. magnetic field. This can enable the here and take a star fix,” the He relayed the information to the P3C crew to localize targets with NAVCOM said. TACCO who entered the information, pinpoint accuracy. Besides ensuring the accuracy of like all information pertinent to the One other piece of gear is called the aircraft’s geographic position mission, into the computer. The ESM-Electronic Support or fix, the NAVCOM also handles TACCO was now able to view on Measures-which works by all aircraft colmmunications and his screen where and what type scanning the area for signals that assists the TACCO however he can. of contact had been made. may mean a potential target is As the missiton continued, sen- The lull following th’e interest operating some type of electronic sor information from many of these over the initial mission contact equipment. Since the computer systems poured into the TACCO. allowed ‘onea chance to study the memory has the characteristics of As the one man on the plane with other stations being manned in these various electronic emissions “the big picture,” the TACCO flight. One of the big advantages of stored, an ESM contact automatically continually analyzed and evaluated ASW operations conducted from appears onthe operator’s screen the information, directing the plane along with identifying information. to nelw courses as tactical decisions These ASW systems and others may were made. Up forward, the pilot (formally called the Patrol Plane Commander

October 1977 21 ’.

or PPC) exercised his duties of horizon. This made the job of one the aviation ordnanceman, who is ensuring the effectiveness of the more “detection device” quite a responsible for maintaining and aircraft andcrew through close bit easier. loading the buoys into the pressurized coordination with the TACCO, main- “We call it the Mk-1 Eyeball,’’ chutes, went back to the galley and taining the safety of flight and- the crman said with a grin. In began preparing supper (or was it oh yes-flying the airplane. spite of all the sophisticated ASW breakfast?). As he worked it be- Sitting between pilot and copilot equipment aboard the plane, crews came apparent thiswas one crew was a man whfo continually scanned still appreciate the importance of a with a good cook. the jumble of dials, lights, swi,tches sharp pair of eyes. An off-duty “That fellow can do some amazing and gauges that filled the cockpit. crewman is assigned to visual lookout thingswith hamburger and a hot The flightengineer, usually a duties by the TACCO. As aft plate,” one sensor operator saidas senior enlisted man, brings to his observer he scans the ocean, con- he sat back at his station and job an intimate technical kno’wledge stantly on the lookout for anything sniffed the aroma coming from the of the airplane. He is thoroughly of interest. galley. familiar with all its systems and As &heplane droned on, one One by one, the operators were equipment and with their operation observer spotted a fishing boat that relieved at their stations andwent during normal andemergency warranted a closer look. Fishing back to eat. Up in the cockpit, the conditions. boats in the waters around Iceland third pilot each crew carries relieved He has spent so many hours are very common. But common, too, one of the pilots who’ also headed scanning the indicators in the cock- ace intelligencegathering ships that for the fold. pit that, as one flight engineer said, look almost identical to the type of “We clarry an extra pilot on each “I don’t actually read the dials fishing boat found in the area. mission because flying a 10-hour while we’re flying. All I have to do The boat, positivelyidentified as mission straight through would be is note the direction of the gauge a fishing trawler, was left behind as incrediblydemanding,’’ the pilot pointers to know if things are going the plane regained altitude and said between forkfuls of meat and well.” continued on its course. vegetables. “This waywe rotate By this time, although it was after Since all the buoys had been about every hour and a half. It 0200, the sun still shone on the dropped and were operating properly, keeps the pilot and copilot fresh

22 ALL HANDS Opposite: A pilot “gets his head into his work” during preflight inspection. Left: Sensor operators scan their equipment for “signatures.” Below: US.and other NATO country ASW airplanes often work together out of Kefiavik.

transmitted to the TSC by incredibly short bursts of radios energy while the aircraft is still in the air. The TSC staff and P3C crew now reviewed bhis complete record of the mission as provided by Data link and the computer tapes taken from the. plane. The entire mission oould be replayed on the TSC computer enough to safely handle this compli- couple of compuber panels, replaced screen and the events reviewed. cated aircraft.’’ With that the pilot a fuse or two and spent much of At 1000, 15 hours after the crew dumped his empty paper plate in the his spare time as an observer. . had reported to the hangar, the de- trash can and jumped into the bunk As the plane came labout for the brief had ended. The groggy crew slung over the galley table. long flight home, some crewmen left the TSC, crossed the hangar Ten hourls after the plane had wrappedthemselves around the and entered ‘the duty office. Amid taken off, their time on station ended. equipment at their stations and groans and sighs of relief, the crew There had been no “hot contacts” dropped off to sleep. Others could studied the next day’s flight schedule. on this mission. “But we could have be found in the galley trying to A senior chief stopped at the duty handled anything that might have squeeze the last cup of coffee out of office door and nodded back towards come up,” the enlisted flight tech- the pot. And still others, because the crew. nician said. He should know. It’s his of the nature of their jobs, remained “You know these guys are great job to see that all the ASW equip- alert at their stations until the plane about griping over the long hours ment Ionboardthe plane is “up” and touched down back at Keflavik. and hard work they’ve got to do,” functions throuBhout the mission. Back on the ground, the crew he said. “But as soonas you see them This night’s mission had been an somehow came up withreserves tackling the jab, you know they’re easy one for him. He’d checked a of energy as they moved about like all the rest of us. securing the airplane and mak’ing “There’s nothing we’d rather be their required checks. doing than flying the P3 Charlie.”& Up in ‘the Tactical Support Center, another scenario was unfolding. The P3C possesses yet another example STORY BY .TO1 of modern science called Data link. In JERRY ATCHISON general terms, Data link allows the PHOTOS BY JO1 BARBARA computer record of the mission CORNFIELD AND along with other information to be JO1 ATCHI

October 1977 23 1

mudpacks, buty& men get it for free,” LongRange Patrol Rations. Wher another echoes. mixed with water, it forms a strange And dining at Camp Swampy is not looking potion. It’s not the most vis the Ritz by any means. The men uallystimulating breakfast one could 1 sistsof e-rations. eat. One trainee exclaimed, ‘‘It looks

USS RATHBURNE

"r

~~~ ~~ uss Rathburned (FF 1057), the first homes of Fukuoka residents, experi- Rathburne, homeportedin Pearl Americanwarship to visit the ancient enced the lifestyle of the modern dayHarbor, isassigned to the Seventh Japanese city of Fukuoka in more than Japanese. Fleet. 12 years. Fukuoka, a city of more than a mil- lion people, was, in ancient days, known as "NA"and is generally thought to be the locale where the Japanese culture had its beginning. Located on the northern coast of Kyushu, the southwestern-most island oi Japan, Fukuoka has been the site of foreign culture andeconomic ex- change for more than 2,000 years. Through softball games, tours, re- ceptions, and even a donation of free pizzas, Rathburne crewmembers dis- covered a harmonious blend of ancient I Midshipmen of Two Nations Train The guidedmissile destroyer USS understanding of how their counter- parts think andact, andmutually to Parsons (DDG33) andher sister July, whilein transit from ship USS Somers (DDG 34) recently share ideas and capabilities. aya, Thailand, to Sllhir RRV- The 10 cadets experienced the tech- completed a successful joint operation ublic of the Philippine niques andequipment necessary to between the United States Navyand S""Personne1 Qualification operate Parsons, by manning the bridge the Japanese MaritimeSelf-Defense s-is the primarysystem Force off the coast of Japan. andcombat information center with Participating in the exercisewere rotation during the exercise. the JDS Amatsukaze (DDG163), This past summer'sexchange pro- JDS Hiei (DD 142), JDS Natsugmo gram started whenmidshipmen from ,erved to provide an opportunity for Annapolisarrived at Etajima- (DD117) and JDS Murakumo (DD all Buchanan crewmembers to con- JMSDF's officer candidate school. 118). centrate on their personal qualifica- These six ships executed a series of Withinsix days of arrival they em- tions. During the three days, a t drills that included tactical maneuver- barked on board Japanese ships at the )f nearly 40,000~. PQS point ing, communications, underwayreplen- Kure~~~ ~ ~ Naval Base. :arned by the Buchanan crew ishment, and surface and air tracking. The American midshipmen operated northward to Yokosukawhere their Quality control procedures, now- Aboard Parsons during the two-day wer, ensured that the outcome was at-sea training ended; the JMSDF exercise were 10 Japanese midshipmen ncreased training and profession- cadets-aboard Parsons and Somers from the OfficerCandidate School at ilism, and not merely point collec- -returned, to Kure to complete their Kure. The10 wereinvolved in a tion. The end result of the PQS yearlysummer midshipmen exchange remaining year before beingcommis- Stand-up has beer --- "prove program between the U.S. and Japan. sioned as ensigns. The Annapolis con- in the cophat Purpose of the exchangewas to tingent spent three days touring Japan "'I '; Buchanan. indoctrinate future officerswith the before returning to the States.

28 ALL HANDS The Navy is HARD WORK...

t

October 1977 29 000 Except

BY LTJGCRAIG W. PATTON word was receivedthat the Govern- the last timer a US. Navy ship had AND 502 BOB HAAGENSON ment of Western Samoahad officially visited Apia, W.S.) , and Shields’ Sailing underthe Southern Cross, requested a U.S. Navy shipbe crew made readyfor entering port. combing beacheson a South Seas dispatched for afriendly visit to the Yet, before Apia was evenin sight, the island, and sitting cross-leggedin a islands. For three days and nights, the festivities had begun topside. grass hut kinkingfresh coconut milk men of Shields became America’s Crossing into theSouthern Hemi- are scenes mostpeople only dream goodwill envoysduring the island sphere was a first for many of Shields’ about. The “shellbacks” in USS Mmvin nation’s 15th Independence Day officers and men and noneof the ShieMs (FF 1066) experienced them celebration. “polliwogs’’ escaped Neptune’stradi- all during the first weekof June. Charts, unused for years, were tional greeting as they crossed the line. Aboard Shields, scuttlebutt quickly dusted off in the ship’s charthouse (no After such an “enjoyable” party, it’s changed to the straight skinny when one could find any officialrecord of no wonder that many Shieldmen 0

welcomed the sight of the Samoan located about halfway betweenHawaii Apia’s population-normally Islands as King Neptune descended to and Australia. It is one of a few places 30,000-swells to about twice that Davey Jones’Locker. whose culture and traditions have each year as the independence cele- Shields arrived in Western Samoa survived the jet age unspoiled, yetit is bration commences. Samoans oometo at dusk on May 3 1 and foundApia’s in complete harmony withthe modern the capital to join in the parades, harbor reminiscent of scenes from world. The lush, mountainous islands dances and fautasi-long boat races. Kon Tiki and Mutiny on the Bounty. have a: population of about 160,000, The celebration lofficially began June The tranquility, however, was so’on 80 per cent of whom are purePoly- 1 when the Western Samoanflag was disturbed by the bustleof tying up, nesian. All still practice the customs raised at Mulinee (the nation’s House rigging display lights and preparing first witnessed by19th century English of Parliament), anld a 21-gun salute full dress ship. and American missionarieswho sailed was fired in honor of the Western Samoais a sovereign state to the slouth Pacificparadise. independent Folynesian state. ( -) For the people of West- ern Salnoa and the men of SI~ic~ltls,this year's Inde- pendence Day celebra- tion, theisland nation's 15th, will not soon be for- gotten.

" (Until 1962, Western Samoa was a nothing more still would have made floor with their legs crossed under United Nations Truste’eshipunder the the visit a good one. their bodies. It is a seri’ousfaux pas to administration of New Zealand.) After the fautasi, Shields opened sit on the floor with your legsout- Following opening ceremonies,a her brow to the1 first of more than stretched toward the center of the number of dignitaries-including 6,000 Samoanswho visited the war- room. If one is unable toassume such ambassadors from more thana d’ozen ship during the next two days. Visitor a position, he is required to place a nations, Western Samoa’s Head of interest was high and there was no mat over his outstretched legs. State, King of Tonga, and cabinet language barrier since nearly allthe Sailors returned the hospitality by ministers-all watched the fautasi natives speak English. Those who bringing their new-found friends on from the bes.t seats inthe “house”- didn’t, enjoyed the tour anyway as board ship for a private tour. Shi’elds’ 02 deck. Shields’ tourguides usedhands and The.final day of the celebration (Recognizingthese dignitaries at smiles to answer inquisitive gestures. traditionally focuseson the family. the #brow presentedno small prloblem Visitors were fascinated bythe entire Many family reunions and parties are in the eyes of the quarterldeck watch ship, but the embarked LAMPS helo held, again pointing to the importance officer. It was s’oonresolved, however, was a prime attraction. For many, it and closenessof the family unit in when a dignitary’s press secretary was their first glimpseof a whirlybird. Polynesian traditi’on.Shields’ sailors donned a pair of sound-powered A carnival atmosphere prevailed as took thatopportunity to do some phones and announced eachofficial to vendors displayed (and sold)their souvenir shopping on the island. The the quarterdeck. Rendering bonors, wares ranging from wholeroast pig most popular items purchased were as one after another arrived, went well to fragrant hibiscus arrangements. grass skirts, lava-lava (wrap arounds), afterall and was a task the eight American sailors strolling the island’s woven mats, baskets, Samoan wood sideboys will not soon forget.) streets were met with curious and handicrafts, and other items reflecting The fautasi is one of the most friendly smiles; manysoon found Polynesian heritage. unusual andcolorful races in the th,emselves engaging in conversatilon Early on June 4, Shields got under- South Pacitic and is roughly equivalent and eating food in a Samoan home. way and continued westward leaving in its abilityto incite national interest Samoan life revolvesaround the behind ,the glow and goodwill of as our own Super Bowland World family unit-aiga-and its head is Samoan friendship and hospitality. Series combined. Eightboats, each the matai who speaks for the family. The hard work and preparations about 50 feet in length and propelled Navy visitorsshared a native drink abomd ship had been m’orethan by 40 rowers, race a five-mile aourse made from coconut milk (Kava) and balanced by the genuine good times for large cash awards presented by quickly learned Borne essentials of on the beach. For the people of Samoa the government. Accordingto several Samoan etiquette. For instance, few and the men of Shields, it was a port Shields’ sailors, seeingthe race and Samoan homeshave chairs and visit not likely to be forgotten. J., visitors and family alike sit on the

October 1977 33 and, like the first fld, left the city Hundreds of residents sought and buried in a sea of sludge and debris. found refuge inthe Johnstown Naval Cars andtrucks were tossed about Reserve Center. like toys in a tub; trains were yanked Navy men and women from the city from their tracks and deposited asfar and nearby Alto'ona immediately set as one-half mile away; and homesand up emergency relief centers and began office buildingscrumbled under the evacuating the homeless to pressure of rapidly rising flood waters. surrounding communities. Local Naval JOHNSTOWN FLOOD

RESERVE CENTER SHELTERS FLOOD VICTIMS

BY J02 RICH BETH

The Johnstown Floodis no longer a memory kept alive bythe retelling olf h'ow, in 1889, a reservoir burst in the narrow river valley killingmore than 2,200 people andleaving muchof the city in a deluge of mud. It happened again last July 19. An eight-hour, flashthunderstorm dumped nearly a foot of water on the southwestern Pennsylvania city causing four dams to burst and another to1 overflow, letting loose the backed-up fury of the Conemaugh River. The 1977 Johnstown Flood claimed the lives of at least three dozen persons

34 ALL HANDS Reserve Centers stayed open around Gregory, station chief from Altoona, Philadelphia) provided 'on-the-scene the clock providing firstaid, hot food, and Chief Mess Management Specialist relief to victims. King establishedan clothing, shelter and water for flood Robert Lawwn, a Navy recruiter in aid station in thehome of a Johnstown victims. Johnstawn. The two continued to citizen and, during the ensuing week, The Commandant, Fourth Naval direct the Navy volunteersin the treated 450 patients, assisted bynurse District sent a five-man Military humanitarian effort until Lieutenant Karen Ruffner and Carol Gerula. Affiliate Radio Stations (MARS) team Commander Charles Bencik, Meanwhile, Carpenter andCrowe to Johnstown within 24 hours to commanding officerof the Reserve delivered food, cleaning supplies and pr'ovide emergency communicationsto Center, could arrive on thescene. water to elderly residents and others facilitate rescue and relief efforts.In When LCDR Bencik arrived, unable to get to the distribution centers less than a week, telephone service was Hospital Corpsman 1st Class which had been setup around the city. restored and the MARS team shut Steve Ulanfowskiand Hospital When the going was too rough for down operations-they had completed Corpsman 1st Class Dennis Billeter their four-wheel-driveNational Guard a vital job. had already set up an emergency aid truck, Carpenter and Crowe delivered Rescue and relief efforts were station in thecenter's dispensary. supplies on foot. As they made their coordinated 'during the first weekby Assisted by civilian volunteersfrom rounds, they comforted families in Chief Machinist's Mate Charles the community, they treated nearly need; many had lost everything they 200 injured Johnstown residents and owned. administered more than 1,000 tetanus Volunteers arrived daily fromother shots. organizations includingthe Salvation In theSoloman Run section of the Army, Pennsylvania National Guard, city, Yeoman 2nd ClassP. J. and other Navy units-some sent Carpenter, Personnelman 2nd Class volunteers from as far away as Bob Crowe, and Hospital Corpsman Jacksonville, Fla. All the relief units 1st Class Ricky King (from NRC worked together distributing supplies and rendering first aid. Citizensfrom surrounding communities and local business peopledonated additional fornod, suppliesand comfort items. By the end of the month, the immediate job of relief and search and rescue had begun to wind down. On August 1st, Altoona personnel returned to their center and the Johnstown Naval Reserve Center's hours of operation were reduced. Thfough operations are diminished, the center continues to supply support to the community in every way possible and will do so until no longer needed. According to a spokesman from the Pennsylvtinia governor's office, that oould be as long as two years, the projected time to restore the flooded community to normal. (-)

October 1977 BY JO1 ANDY TURNER was much more than that though. The death toll now stands at 73 with 15 When the ConemaughRiver burst still missing. Estimates of the damage over its banksin the -early morning exceed $250 billion. hours of July 20, it started the devas- The highnumber of deathsare tation of Johnstown, Pa., a supposedly attributed to the storm’stiming. Most flood-proof city of over 40,000. area residents went to bed feeling cer- It wasn’t the first time Johnstown tain that the crashing thunderstorm had been flooded. The cityis built at would end soon. When the flash flood JOHNSTOWN FLOOD the confluence of the Little Conemaugh warning was issued early in the morn- River and Stony Creek, a location rich ing, there werefew people awake to in beautyand convenience, but his- hear the warnings on radio. torically lacking in safety. The “Great The situation at sunrise was almost Johnstown Flood” in 1889 was the first unbelievable. ‘‘I got up and dressed as I disaster. More than 2,000 people were usual,” said Senior ChiefYeoman killedand damage exceeded $20 mil- George Pappas, Johnstown recruiter lion. A floodin 1936 claimed only a in-charge. “I started to drive into town, THOUGHT few lives but again destroyed the city, but. the road was closed. Then I real- much of which is only a few feet above izedhow bad things were. I drove the river. Flood control projects then home, changed into some old clothes, undertaken supposedlyensured that and, by 11 o’clock the waterhad re- IT WAS ceded enough, that I could wade to the Johnstown residents could rest easy. But this July 19, a thunderstorm office. rolled in from the west at about 9: 30 “It wasan awful mess,” he said. JUST “The waterhad gone right through p.m. and, according to the weather service, “simply stalled” over the the building, knockingdown the in- ConemaughRiver Valley. When the terior walls and washing a lot of equip- ANOTHER mentand files down the river.” rains stopped at 5:30 the next morn- ing, the gaugeshad recorded an in- Johnstown’s Navy and Marine Corps credible 11.2 inches of rain. ReserveCenter was more fortunate. STORM Located ona slight rise, watercame “When I went to bed, I thought it was just another rainstorm,” said Chief to within 100 feet of the armory before Radioman John Neatrour, one of the subsiding. The reserve units, ledby four Navy recruiters assigned to the Officer-in-Charge Lieutenant Com- recruiting station inJohnstown. It mander Charles A. Bencik, began an immediate mobilization. Residents of nearbyflooded areas took shelter at the armory where hot meals were pre- pared over charcoal fires. Reinforcedby personnel from the Naval Reserve Center in Altoona, 30 miles away, the center helped initially with clearance of debris and traffic control until National Guard and state police units arrived to assume security functions. Medical assistance was also provided by the reserve units. A Mili- tary Affiliate Radio Station (MARS), supplementedby personnel from the First and Fourth Naval Districts, opened to allow local residents to call friends and relatives outside the area. Over 300 MARS-Gramswere sent before telephone service was restored several days later. One of the most popular attractions at the armory was, one of Johnstown’s few operating showers. Personnelman 2nd Class Robert Crowe rigged garden

36 ALL HANDS hoses from a spring through a bleach major losswas suffered by Yeoman clean up, but clean up they will. bottle connection to provide water to 1st Class Clifford Dillon who lived in The Navy is back in the recruiting a shower stall, built with a punctured downtownJohnstown-his car was business w.ith a “Recruitmobile” oper- washtub and used lumber. washed away in the rampage. ating in a mall parking lot. By a chance of fate, Navy personnel Life still isn’t normal in the Cone- But for residents of the area,the stationed in thearea were, for the maughValley. Although signs stating term “floodproof” is only a bad joke, most part, spared personal injury or “We will rebuild together” are every- andthe memory of that nightwill serious property damage. The only where, the damage may take years to always be vivid in their minds. &

timber cascadeddown the cliff face So rather than trying to put out the making firefighting not onlydifficult fire, they decided to keep it from but dangerous. spreading. lndy One hundred twenty-five more crew- members from Independence arrived at the island and made their wayon foot to the fire. Additional firefighting fights teams stood by on the ship but trans- portation was limited. Armed withshovels, fire axes and blankets, the volunteers formed lines Capri between populated areas and the fire and started the seemingly endless task fire

BY 502 J.PFIZENMAIER, JR.

It was an hour before midnight. With most of her crew on liberty, USS Independence (CV-62), anchored in the Bay of Naples, lay silent. The duty section noticed a red glow on the Isle of Capri. In a few minutes, they wouldfind out thatthe redglow marked the location of a brush fire raging out of control. An urgent message from the Mayor of Capri was received, requesting Navy ’) ,-),$,,#,t’’,’ assistance in putting out the fire. The ’ * !111,1 ship sprang to life.Within 30 minutes, ’”’ 200 volunteers stood ready in the hangar bay. The first group of 50, made up pri- marily of men from the ship’s repair parties and flight deck personnel ex- perienced in handling fires, was trans- ported tothe island to take stock of the situation. What they found was discouraging. There were no roads to the fire area, whichwas situated on the face of an inaccessible cliff. Loosened rocks, debris and burning

October 1977 37

~~ same time extending the on-station tar- Reduces Target Loss get practice time, and lowering, as well, Top Two Named For those accustomed to the state- operating costs for ship and air crews. The “S~molcin’ Tigers” d Rmn- ly motion of an aircraft carrier at Additional savings result from the fact ndssanceAttack Squadron 0 NE s e a, the sometimes unpredictable that work on the drones can be done (RVAH 1 ) became the first Atlantic movements of a small boat can be a on board the DR-1. Salt water decon- shocking experience-especially if the tamination can be started immediately craft happens to be a PT boat. upon recovery by the craft, which re- It may seem unusual for a PT boat duces the number ol corrosion control to be operated by a crew of “airdales,” man-hours later required to restore a but it’s true. There’sonly one like it drone to operational status. and Fleet Composite Squadron SIX A drone can also be launched and (VC-6) of the AmphibiousBase in controlled from the DR-1’s deck while Little Creek owns it. underway. The craft can therefore be PT 809, nowdublbed drone recov- used to simulate an attack sequence ery vehicle one (DR-1) was one of a for asmall, high-speed missile plat- limited number of aluminum-hulled PT form and the drlone canbe flown to boats built after WWII. The boat spent duplicate any desired anti-ship missile an early portion of its life in operation profile. Smaller seabornepowered tar- with the SecretService before VC-6 gets can also be controlled from DR-1 acquired it, The squadron had a need to present targets for retaliatory strikes to provide both air and seaborne re from tactical aircraft. mote controlled target services for the The end result of the DR-1’s capa- Atlantic Fleet. bilities is the opportunity it gives an As a drone recovery craft, the DR-1 operating force to meet and train has reduced target losses while at the against a multithreat challenge.

Fleet aviation squadron to receive the Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophy while the helicopter transport ship USSTripoZi (LPH 10) took the honors for the Pa- ciflc meet. The trophy, eshablished in 1961 to honor former Chief of NavalOpera- tions Admiral Arleigh Burke, exempli- fies battle readiness and is awarded an- nually to the Atlantic and Pacific ship or aimsift squadron whioh exhibits the highestdegree of preparedness im- provement during the fiscal year com- petitive cycle. The Key West based RVAH 1, de- ployed aboard aircraft carriers.on bdh coasts in the past, was part of the USS Enterprise/Air WingFOURTEEN team and participated in buildups and an eight-month cruise to the western

38 ALL HANDS Pacific during fiscalyear 1976. The when he was 17 and continued when “Smokin’ Tigers,” flying RA-SC Vigi- He’s Still a Master he entered the Naval Academy in lantes,successfully fulfilled their mis- Y,ou’d think that after winning four 1963. sion of pnoviding day and night tactical first-place andtwo second-place He considers 1974 his best year to re’connais’sanceto the on-scenecom- awards in the 11th Naval District date. His qualifyingtimes in three mander. Championships at theSan Diego breast-stroke events ranked him The Coronado, Cal,if.-based Tripoli, Naval Training Center, Lt.James T. among the nation’s top 10 in the AAU aside from fleet exercise participation, Slaughter would give swimming a rest. Masters Swimming Program. assisted in recovery ‘operations relating But such is not the case. He still dons Not one to downgradehis recent to Typhoon Pamela at Guam and took his goggles and goes through his usual San Diego achievement, Slaughter partin a nationally televiseddemon- routine-a 1500-meter (1 mile) swim qualifiesit slightly-“There was very stration of landings and takeoffs of two atthe local pool. Practice, it seems, littlecompetition in the masterscate- AV-8A Harrier aircraft. makes perfect. gory, probably due tto the fact that the Slaughter, wh,o’s director of the Underwater Demolition Team mem- A Diver’s Dream Construction School atthe Construc- berswere unable to compete.” Clear water, goo’d air, a cold drink tion Battalion Center, Port Hueneme, Maybe that explainswhy he still and a mermaid to share it all with- Calif.,began swimming inthe AAU tackles the daily mile swim. sounds like a diver’s dream. For some it is but for Navydiver Gary D. Layne, it actually happened. Layne, leadingdiver aboard the Fleet Oce’an Tug USS Tuwukoni (ATF 114) out of PearlHarbor, demon- sbrateswhat a diver can accomplish underwater while wearing a heavy MK V deep sea outfit. He actually drank the coke-and the mermaid-well, she was just for show.

October 1977 39 ASW/ocean surveillance missions sim- Herd Checking ilar to those flown by the U.S. Navy in Myoelectric Hand From flying reconnaissance on cari- the P-3C, the CAF crews flew Arctic Bringing the thumb against the index bou herds in the frozen north to par- patrols which included reporting on fingeris a simplehand manuever for ticipating in anti-submarine operations caribou herds and aiding the Canadian most of us, but for Hospital Corpsman in Florida is quite a change for three Coast Guard in policing the 200-mile 3rd Class Richard Smith, it’s a mental Canadians assigned to Patrol Squadron territorial fishing limit. ordeal. 56 (VP 56) atJacksonville. Deployment is nothing new for the Smith’s right hand, amputated .after Warrant Officers Gordon McMillan, three but there is a striking difference an accident, has beenreplaced by a Roy Chrapchynski and Sergeant Eric between the CAF and the U.S. Navy. myoelectricprosthesis. The arm mus- Welin (left), members ‘of the Person- “Argus” crews deploy to bases in both cles and brain that once controlled nel Exchange Program(PEP) between the Atlantic and Pacific but the time the natural hand are still used to open the United States and Canada, cameto away rarely exceeds four weeks. Patrol and close the myoelectric hand as elec- VP-56 from maritime patrol segments Squad’ron56 recently spent five and a tric impulses from Smith’sextensor of theCanadian Armed Forces half months in Sigonella, Sicily. and flexormuscles are picked up by (CAF),. McMillan, theCAF equiva- Chrapchynski and Welin are sched- tinyelectrodes, magnified 1000 times lent of a NavySenior Chief Petty uled to ret urn to Canada soon by a powerpack and transmitted to Officer,is a: qualified P-3C“Orion” (McMillan willremain for another miniature motorsin the myoelectric flightengineer and Chrapchynski and year), taking withthem an extensive hand. Welin, equivalents of Senior Chief knowledge of U.S. Navy P-3C opera- “Bionic”replacements for body and ChiefAnti-Submarine Warfare tional capabilities. Their experience parts are not as commonplace in real (ASW) Operators, respectively, are with the P-3C is expected to make the life as they are on television,but the qualified as “Orion” ASW sensor oper- CAFs upcoming transition to the long future holdshigh promise that Vet- ators. range patrol aircraft “Aurora,”a eran’s Administration doctors will be In Canada the menflew the “Ar- slightlymodified ver,sion of the “Or- able to help veterans witheven more gus” aircraft. In addition to flying ion,” a smooth success. severe injuries than Smith’s with even more startling applications of space age technology. A bypass for an injured spinal cord that couldmake paralyzed arms and legsusable once again, andbone im- plants to extend an amputatedarm or leg to make fitting of a prosthesis possible, are among the goals of a rehabilitation engineering and research center soon to beestablished in Chicago. The research center, incol- laboration with the Armour Engineer- ing Center of the Illinois Institute of Technology,will monitor the medical and engineering developmentsthrough- out the world for applications to bio- engineering. Now being tapped for use in myo- electric hands likeSmith‘s are elec- tronic miniaturizations, plastics, power packs and controls that are by-products

4.0 ALL HANDS of the nation’s space age program. aswell as physicalobstacles,” she review board will let him demonstrate “An amputation usually means auto- explains. “He knows he no longer hisskill with it. maticseparation from the military,” has aright hand, yet he mustthink Charles J. Harland,The VA hos- Smithsays, “but I’mgoing to prove as if he still had one. He must produce pital’sprosthetics chief, is rooting for that with my new hand I can still do the samenerve impulses to the same hispatient. “The myoelectric hand is my job.” arm muscles to operate his new hand. far from perfected,” he admits. “It Therapy is serious and intense work It takes practice and patience.” can perform only one of the natural forthe corpsman, accordingto VA The Navy will give Smith a chance hand’s six basic grips, but it does work, therapist Barbara Grant. toprove his mettle. After he learns psychologically as well as physically, “He’sconfronted by psychological to usehis myoelectric hand, aNavy and it may well be just the forerunner of the marvelsbeing dreamed up by science fiction writers and engineers.”

Left (top): The electrodes that transmit muscle nerve impulses to the myoelectric hand fit against the skin over each set of arm muscles. Bottom left: The myoelectric hand and power pack attach to a plastic sleeve over the amputated forearm and can be detached easily for repair or replacement.

October 1977 41 BY 502 DAN WHEELEIR

Q. Z know astronaut John H. Gler?n, Jr. was a Marine andnot aNavyman, but would you tell me, anyway,the amount of pay he earned while orbiting the earth three times in February 1962? A. Computed on the basis of a 30-day month and 24- hour day, Lieutenant Colonel Glenn earned a whopping total of eight dollars! That includes basic pay, flight pay (since he managed to get in four hours flight time), BAS and BAQ. He missed out on per diem since he made the trip in less than 10 hours in one calendar day. Also, he wasn’t paid mileage (81,000 miles X $. 10 per mile) since he preferred to use a “government vehicle’’ rather than his Own. Q. Zs it true that some Navy ships prepared Last Wills and Testaments during World War ZZ to govern distribution of assets join,tlyheld by their crews? A. True. Infact, ALL HANDS(then the Bureau d Navigation Bulletin) featured an article about the first ship to do so in its May 1942 issue: “The USS Augusta (CA 3 1 ) has drawn her will, and the Navy Relief siociety is sole beneficiary. Being of sound steel and in possession of all her armament, the stout old cruiser has arranged all the details such as power of attorney and proper authority. Believed to’ be the first naval ship with legal testament, the Augusta directs in her will that the beneficiary shall receive money now on deposit in a Brook- lyn bank in the event that the cruiser should become a com- plete casualty-that no commanding officer should survive to administer funds.” Funds on deposit often amounted to several thousand dollars accrued from#ships’ stores andrecreati’on funds. L Fortunately, Augusta’s fund continued to grow and no ex- ecutor was ever needed. Q. I’m asignalman and Z didn’tknow the answer to this question, “Was there ever a WHAT-THE-HELL pen- nant in the Navy?” A. It took some searching, but we finally found an old-timer who admitted, for the record, that once upon a time there was such a pennant and it was used up to and during World War I1 (unoffici’ally, ‘ofcourse). He couldn’tremember its oolor, but it was triangular and embossed with thee question marks, three exclamation points and three stars. It wasused whenever some junior officerdeemed it necessary. The following examples indi- cate what it meant whenflown with official pennants: Launch of America’s first man in space, LCDR,AlanB. Shepard, Jr. ‘now a retired rear admiral). John Glenn was America’s first man in orbit.

ALL HANDS WHAT-THE-HELL pennant over the course pen- I’ve often seen the picture entitled “The Old Navy” nant signified, “What’sthe course?” in w2* ich four elderly sailors are shooting the breeze on the Flown over the speed pennant, itsignified “What’s deck of a ship. Do you know who they were and when it the speed?” was taken? Its use by anyone, especially a junior officer, invariably A. Sure do. It was taken in 1888 by Assistant Sur- elicited the following remark from observers, especially the geon H. W. Whitaker aboard USS Mohigan. The sailors captain, “What the hell . . .!” (left to right)are David Ireland, 55; Gilbert H. Purdy, 60; John T. Griffith, 62; and John King, 54. King was origi- Q. What’sthe largest number of volunteers the Navy nally identified as rhe real “steamer” amlong the four, hav- has ever en]listedin a month? ing a propensity for rollicking liberty ashore. A. During the month of January 1942, the Navyen- listed 55,888 people. Q. Which submarine was the first to sink a warship in actual combat and when? Q. Why did the Navy employ such a large number of A. Although most people don’t think of submarines as artists to record Navy activities during World War II instead vessels used in war before World War I, there were several of using more photographers? which played an active role during the American Civil W,ar. A. We’retold security was the reason-an artist can The first to actually sink a man-of-war was the Confederate eliminate secret details which the camera discloses. submarine Hunley. She sank USS Housutonic in Charleston Harbor by exploding a torpedo (actually a mline attacheld to Four “old salts” aboard USS Mohigan. a spar) under her. The wave thrown by the explosioln, how-

I October 1977 -43 for the Navy Buff

ever,swamped Hunley andkilled her crew. (Nicknamed “Floating Coffin,” the Hunley was responsible for the deaths of five of her crews-35 of 40 volunteers-including her in- ventor, H. L. Hunley.)

Q. I have occasionally heard Guam historically referred to ar “an island of thieves”-yet I’ve never found out why. Is there historical significance in this misnomer? A. Actually, this can be laid at Magellan’s feet-when Magellandiscovered Guam in 1523, the Spanishcrew helped themselves to the abundant food, water and every- thing else that appealed to them. After a week of that, they raised sail to depart butdiscovered that the native Chamor- rosy emulating their example, had helped themselves to the Spanish lifeboats. Furious, Magellan dubbed the island “Isla de 10s Ladrones”Ts1e of Thieves.It’s doubtful that the Guamanians deservedsuch slander then anld certain that they don’t deserveit now.

Q. Was USS.Monitor the first iron ship to be used by the Navy? A. No, though she was the first iron ship ever to battle another ship of iron (Merrimac in 1862). The first iron vesselbuilt for the U.S.Navy was the sidewheelsteamer USS Michigan. Michigan was launched at Erie, Pa., in December 1843, commissioned in September 1844, and saw service on the Great Lakes during ice-free months. During the Civil War, she was used for training and in protecting the lake borders from attempted raids and transportation of arms from Can- ada by Confederate agents. In June 1905\ she was renamed Wolvwine; her original name was given to a battleship then being built. In 19 12, Wolverine was turned over to the Pennsylvania Militia and finally,in 1948 she wasdismantled by Naval Reservists and s’old for scrap. Not bad for a 105-year-old ship.

Q. Was there a “ghost” present ,at the surrender cere- monies marking the end of hostilities between Japan and the Allies aboard USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay in August 1945? A. Not exactly, but there were shades of the historical at @hatceremony. Seems Admiral Willtiam F. Halsey used a certain American flag as a backdrop at the ceremonies. He had the U.S. Naval Academy Museum rush him the flag flown by Commodore Matthew C. Perry when he opened up Japan on his famous voyage in 1853. That same, very historical American flag hung asa backdrop abo’ardMissouri when Japanese officiais signed those surrender documents. Destroyer tender uss Piedmont (AD-17) ALL -HANDS Q. Wasn’tit an AmericanNavyman who said, “We Immediately, Ward went to General Quarters. No oontact have to pay a price for big gains”? was made for several hours so the crew secured from GQ. A. Yes, Rear Admiral Theodore E. Chandler, shortly At 0637 the OODnotified the captain, Lieutenant Com- before he died. According to a report in the New York Times mander W. W. Outerbridge, that an unidentified submarine in January 1945, the ship in which Adm. Chandler served had been detected. Outerbridge went to the bridge and sight- was attacked by Japanese planes. The entire bri’dge was ed a periscope between the target ship Antares and a tar- ablaze and men had been “blownto bits or burned to death.” get she wastowing into Pearl. Antares notified Ward by Though the admiral was critically burned himself-his blinker that she suspected a submarine was following her. trousers and shirt were on fire-he staggeredaround the Ward rang up full speed and headed for the submarine. bridge helping hismen until he wasforcefully removed. Having no alternative if he were to Pollow orders, Outer- Late that night when asked how he was feeling (a polite bridge attacked with deck guns and dropped depth charges question from a friend), he replied, “We have to -paya price over the sub which had dived. At 065 1, Ward radioed Pearl for big gains. My grandfather was a Secretary of the Navy; Harbor the following message: “WE HAVE ATTACKED, my father was an admiral. I had their traditions.” The fol- FIRED UPON, ANDDROPPED DEPTH CHARGES lowing afternolon he died and wasburied at sea. UPON SUBMARINE OPERATINGIN DEFENSIVE AREA.” Q, Who fired the first U.S.shot of World War II? On the way into port, Ward’s crew spied an extraordi- A. The destroyer USS Ward is credite’d withhaving nary numbser of planes heading for Pearl. Soon the Rising fired the first shot in the war in the Pacific-the United Sun insignia on the planes’ wings was visible. “I knew then,” States’ initial involvement in World War 11. Not only did said Outerbridge, “that all hell had broken loose.” she fire the first shot, she sank the first Japanese submarine Late in 1944, USS Ward was sunk in the Pacific. of the war an hour betore the attack on Pearl Harbor! Ward was patrolling a restrbted area just outside Pearl Q. Is it true that at one time during World War ZI the Harbor. At 0350 on Dec. 7, 1941, the minesweeper Condor Navy had several thousand ships in commission? notified Ward via ship-to-ship radio that she had detected A. As of Dec. 30, 1944, the Navy had in commission an unidentified object heading toward the harbor’s entrance. (would you believe?) 61,045 vessels of all types. This, of course, was a wartime fleet and included many vessels not normally used in naval service.

Q. During the War of 1812 the battle between Chesa- peake and Shannon, James Lawrence is reputed tohave said, “Don’t give up the ship! Fight her till she sinks!“ Were his wishes carried out? A. No. Lawrencewas taken below decks mortally wounded and died four days later on June 5, 1813. Third Lieutenant William S. Cox-& midshipman who had been promoted in battle-assumed command but had to surren- der the ship. A court-martial found Cox guilty of leaving his post during the-brief engagement, took awayhis rank and discharged him. On Aug. 22, 1952, President Truman re- stored Cox’s rank posthumously(of course)and said, “Perhaps Cox was ma,de the whipping boy for the loss of the Chesapeake.”

Q. Who war the Navy’s firstadmiral.? A. The first naval officer to become an admiral in the United States Navy was David Glasgow Farragut, appointed David Glasgow Farragut on July 25, 1866.J,

October. 1977 45 Scharnhorst Still Reigns STORY AND PHOTOS BY bridge a n duniforms authentically JO1 AL CLARK styled and painted. Among its features are two gun tur- It all started when he wasa kid rets that turn, hangar doors that open growing up in New London, Conn., and close, airplane catapults, two large and his father boughthim a model boat cranes that operate and a tape re ship. Since then, Aviation Machinist’s corder that plays German marching Mate 2nd Class Loren Perry has made music. or put together, in almost precise de- Perry said he built Schurnhorst be tail, more than 50 model ships includ- cause he wanted to builda remote inga fleet ballistic missile submarine controlled ship that no one else had witha threepage miniature Playboy ever done (as far as heknows) and Magazine“Playmate” boldout onone one that had some historical value. of its bulkheads. The real Schurnhorst started her reign The foldout is three-thirty-seconds of ternor on the Eritish fleet around of an inch high and one-sixteenth of an 1939. She sank the British carrier inch wide. HMS Glorious, and didalmost more A naval reservist on temporary ac- damageto the British fleet than any tive duty at the Navy Recruiting Dis- other ship. trict Jacksonville, Fla., Perry’s favorite Perry’s Schurnhorst has aohieved model is the “Scharnhorst,” asleek, fame in its own right. It has been fea- %foot remote Controlled, German bat- tured in U.S. newspapers and in a tle cruiser that runs on two motorcycle model ship magazine in London. The batteries and has an operating range of ship has also become a hit with Navy abo’utone mile. recruiters in the Jacksonville recruiting Schurnhorst took Perry two years district and Perry readilyconsents to andmore than 2,000 hours to com- letting them use it and some of his oth- plete. It is meticulously made down to ermodels at exhibits, fairs and mall the last detail, including people on the displays. Perry “docks” the Scharnhorst. The other ship is the seven-foot Titanic. In 1966, Perry built his first remote controlled ship, the SS Kaiser Wilhelm ZZ, a German Ocean liner. He then built the Destroyers USS John Paul Jones and USS Forrest Sherman. In 1971 he built his Titanic, almost seven feet long with an operating horn, light- ed interiors, a tape player and, of course, it’s fully furnished. Future additions to Perry’s already formidable fleet? The nuclear powered guidedmissile cruiser USS L.0 n g Beach, followedby a nuclear carrier.

Eight-foot replica of the German batfle cruiser, !kharnhorst.

46 ALL HANDS Mail Buoy

Mother-in-Law of the Navy tegrated into otherNaval units. of transfer” is oftenmisconstrued, since After thewar she continued to sail In reviewing back issues of ALL on the day priorto transfer tothe Fleet SIR: with volunteer crews on training. But in Reserve an individual receives active duty HANDS,I ran across your answer to the 1923, 80 years afterher launching, she pay computed without thebenefit of question of what ships in the Navy were broke a connectingrod and limped into applyingthe “six-month rule.”The fol- named Michigan. You didrefer to the Harbor Beach,Mich. The Navydepart- lowing day, however, the member receives side-wheel topsail schooner-of-war, Mich- mentrefused to authorizerepairs. Two “retainerpay,” which does include in igan. years later she was towed to Misery Bay its computation, application of thesix- As noted, Michigan was built in 1842, (whereCommodore Perry’s fleet win- monthrule. Additionaltime creditable originally as a barkentine. Her lines, in- tered), her final berth. Even then she put as a result of this ruleobviously nllow.s cludingthree masts andclipper bow, up quite a fight, grounding the tug as her manyindividuals to base their retainer lookedvery muchlike the old wooden last gesture. pay ona longevityscale never attained sailing ships. She had a flat bottom with In January 1943, the name WoZverine while on active duty. A literal interpreta- five hollow keelsons. was taken from her and given to an air- tion of the sentence in question could, The ship’s complement was 11 officers craft carrier. (That was her World War therefore,lead to an incorrectconclu- and87 men. She was tohave carried IT effort.) sion.-ED. substantial armament but the Rush-Bagot In June, 1949, she was scrapped. Only Treatyagreed thatthere would only be her bowwas saved andnow stands be- Rope-YarnSunday onewarship onLake Erie having one side thereplica of Perry’s final flagship, SIR: I’m an 80-year-old reader of ALL gun only. The two original boilers drove USS Niagara, at the foot of State Street HANDS.Being old Navy(1912-1916), I theship at eightknots. (In those days, in Erie, Pa.-LCDR M. L. Carr gota kick out of “For theNavy Buff’ there was no automatic reverse, so dock- in the April issue. Here’s one you might ing was quite an art.) Computing Retired Pay be able to use. What is Rope-Yarn Sun- Michigan wasconstructed in Erie at day and how was it observed ? the same shipyard where Daniel Dobbins Clarification is requestedcon- During peace time-before World War had builtOliver Hazard Perry’s fleet in SIR: I-every Wednesday was Rope-Yarn Sun- 1813. Her launching on Dec. 5, 1843 cerning the correct pay scale to beused in computingretainer pay for enlisted day.After morning cleanup, all hands was inauspicious. All the efforts of ship- stood inspection by the captain or execu- yardpersonnel to freeher failed.But memberstransferring to the Fleet Re- serve.BuPers Manual, 2630100, states tiveofficer. This was inspection of uni- duringthe night, since she only had a form, haircuts,sea bag and hammock. four-inchkeel, Michigan launched her- that retainer pay is computed at the rate of two-and-one-half per cent of the basic All gear was laid out on the deck during self and the dawn showed her free-float- theinspection. All clothing was rolled ing. paybeing received at time of transfer, multipliedby thetotal number of years and tied with short pieces of white twine In terms of battle and glory, the Mich- of active service (includingconstructive (shortstops). Every sailor had to have igan did not have much of a history. She service).In paragraph 3.b of BuPers acomplete set ofuniforms-both blues ended up with only one gun and fired it Manual,2630100, it further statesthat and whites. only in practice. a part of a year of member’s total service After dismissal and unless you were on Since she winteredthree orfour creditable for basic pay, that is six months watch, you had the rest of the day off. monthseach year in Erie, duty aboard or more, is counted as a whole year. If the ship was in port or in the Navy Michigan washighly desirable. In fact, BuPers Instruction 7220.27 states that Yard, visitors were allowed on board and because of theactive winter social life six months or more is counted as a menwere detailed to show them about there, many naval officers and men mar- whole year in computingtotal active and answer questions about the guns and riedErie girls. So many,in fact, that service for multiplier purposes andtotal other equipment. One-half the crew had Erie was once known as “the mother-in- service for basic pay purposes. Example: libertyin portfrom 1300 to 0800 the law of the Navy.” 21 years, 6 months of active service following day. Duringthe Civil War,she guarded a counts as 22 years for retirementmulti- I had boot camp training at Newport, prisoner-of-war campon Johnson’s Is- plier and 22 years for basic pay purposes. R.I. I then serveda week on the old land, near Sandusky, Ohio. In 1905, the Inthe preceding example, whichpay frigate Constellation which was a station Michigan name was taken from her and scalewill be utilized for computation of ship along with the R’iena Mercedes. This given to a superdreadnought. She was retainer pay: over 20 or over 22 pay was a Spanishcruiser that was beached renamed USS Wolverine. scale?-PNC J. P. Allen. before the battle of Santiago in the Span- In191 7, shewas made part of the Computation of retainer pay in the ish-American War.Later she was re- U.S. Naval Reserve Force. Ten days af- examplecited would bebased on the floated, her masts removed and used as a ter war was declared with Germany, her over 22 years scale. barracks ship. 101-man crew marched off to the Phila- Thatsegment of the first sentence of I left Newport on the armored cruiser delphia Navy Yard, where they were in- BuPers Manual, 2630100, stating “at time Montana, laterrenamed the Helena. I

October 1977 47 1 was then translferred to thebattleship Minnesota for three years until she was decommissioned atPhiladelphia. I then went to Cuba on the South Carolina for onemonth, then to the old minelayer San Francisco. One other thing might be of interest: The sister ships Montana and Tennessee both were renamed-Montana became Helena and Tennessee became Memphis. Both were lost on the Cuban coast. The Helena dragged anchor and went aground andthe Memphis was hitby a 30-foot tidal wave anddriven ashore. As you know it's an old sailor's belief that to changea ship's name is badluck. This allowance not being available. seems to prove it. All gunswere later salvaged.-Joe Barry Reunions

USS Hunt (DD674)"Planning reunion of WWII veterans. Contact Don- ald Inman,12970 Hwy 8, (Sp 125), El Cajon, Calif. 92021.

0 USS Wadleigh (DD 689)-Plan- ning 1978 reunion. Contact Elwood East, 107Cheapside, R-705, Lexington, Ky. 40507.

0 NROTCUnit, UC Berkeley-Plan- ningreunion in 1978. Trying to update locator file. ContactYNC McCormick, NROTCUnit, 25 Callaghan Hall, Uni- versity of California at Berkeley, Berke- ley, CA 94720.

0 USS Lafey (DD 724)-Planning reunionin1978. Contact Robert H. Daugherty,Brooke Mobile Court, Lot 16, R. D. #I, Wellsburg, W. Va. 26070.

USS OmmaneyBay (CVE79)- Planning a reunion. Contact John Mitch- ell, Box 127, Phelps, Wis. 54554.

e USS Henrico (APA45)"Reunion inOctober 1980. Sendnames and ad- dresses of crew to Don Soper, P. 0. BOX 627, Platte City, Mo. 64079. ALL HANDS 48 Stern Shots Conning a ship leaves no marginfor error - or misunderstanding.To the uninitiated onthe bridge "Steady as of a ship, it may sound as if the helmsman and conn- - ing officer arespeaking in their own code. Actually, they areusing standard commands and you 30'' responses, each with its own precise meaning. In this quiz, match the command to the helm with the appropriate phrase or meaning.

COMMANDS DEFINITIONS

1. Right handsomely A.Steer exactly,using less rudder

2. Meet her B. Decrease therudder angle

3. Rudder amidships C. Change from right to left rudder (or vice versa) an equal amount 4. Steady as you go D. Turn rudder right a small amount 5. Shift your rudder E. Rudderangle zero 6. Mind your rudder F. Do not steer to the left of the ordered course 7. Increase your rudder to -degrees G. Rudder is already over; it is desired to make her turn more rapidly by using more rudder

H. Steer the course on which the ship is heading

I. Use rudder as necessary to check the swing of the ship IN THE THKW OF WTTLE, ME 25 YEAR-OLD CAPTAIN, STEMEN DECATUR BROHE THEAMERICANS CAPTURED 3 GWOATS, KILLED 47, WOUWDED 26 AND Us CllTulss AND WAS coII#QuENW WRESTLED TO TI# DECH By A GW Mu$- CAPTURED 49, 13 AMUllCANSWERE WOUNDED. TUE ONLY AMERICAN CUR TRIPOLITAN. BY WARDING OR HIS oppoNwl$ DWR WIN UIS LEFT HILLED WAS UEUT JAMES DEWR, THE WOlUER OF SlEPHEN DECATUR. UAND DEMUR WAS ABLE TO FIRE UIS PISTDLTHROUGH HIS RIGHT COAT MET HILLIN6 TUE PIRATE. WdlN DECATUR WSTlNGUlSUED UIMSELF ILEADERWP AND BATTLE TUWW HIS NAVY CAREER. UIS DARING EXPLOIT IN LEADlffi A T& DAlE WAS WT3,1804. IT WAS THE BATTLE WllT IN TUE TRlpoll WAR SMALL KNUHTEER FORCEwo mlpou UARBORMD BUMTUE CAP- IN WHICH DEWR AND UIS MEN EXRODED THE Mvlll 1UAT THE FIERCE TURED AMERICAN FRIGATE PMf4@L&'fi WAS PROCLAIMED BY BARBARY WWEN WERE CONSUERED By WD POWERS TI BE URDNELSON TOBE rR OUTSTANDINGFEAT OF THE AGE. FO~HIS WIWBLE IN NAND-TO-HAND FIGUTING.DECATUR WAS ONE OF TI!€ PROMOTION TO COMWRE AND HIS APPGIMMENT AS HEAD OF THE YOUNG OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF 6 UNSEAWORTUV GUNWTS AMTW MVAL CO"WN HIS CoulRRlL CAREER ENDED IN A WEL FOUGUT BARGES WUICU SERVED AS A SPEARHEAD ATTACH ON TiE TRlpIKl MRBMI. WITH A FELLOW NAVALOFFICER. HIS TUWGUT-PROWIilNGSEND THEY FACED THE %TRIM FIRE POWER OF 115 CANNON AND 9 HEAVILY- MENT w[uI WUHxl WE ARE ALL FAMILIAR WAS "MY COUNTRY- MAY- MANNED GUWTS WHlCH HAD SET OUT WITH EVfRY INTENTION of NTER- SUE EVER BE RIGHT, BUT, RIGUT OR WONG, MY CoUNTRYu CEPTING AND B(wIDI1Jo TflE AMERICANS. UOWMR, IT WAS DECATUR SrePkpH Acahr- one @&e qreat AHe&w.s h pded WO SURPRISED THE PIRATES By KING ME BOARDING. TUEPIRATES, wpwq Yay fumm' pea'~ess; ~NZ&I S, f779 C!NFUSED 8" DECAPUR'SUNUSUAL TKTCS WEREDEFEATED. died A& 2L: 1820.