DOCSLIB.ORG

Treason's Peace

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Treason's Peace HOWARD WATSON AMBRUSTER TREASON'S PEACE GERMAN DYES & AMERICAN DUPES Contents Preface The Pattern of Farben vii I. Graft—and America Unarmed 1 II. Congressman Metz of the Bleeding Heart 15 III. The Lost Provinces Regained 33 IV. New Conquests of America's Industry 47 V. Farben's Royal Family 69 VI. "Tarnung" The Magic Hood [which renders the wearer invisible] 89 VII. False Fronts Become Bold 107 VIII. Republicans—Open the Door 132 IX. Democrats—Facing Both Ways 155 X. Senators and Congressmen—Who Never Knew 181 XI. Two Drug Laws—and Two Wars 202 XII. Patent Medicines—and Freedom of the Press 228 XIII. Good Neighbors, and Bad 254 XIV. Again, Espionage and Sabotage 269 XV. Propaganda for Wall Street and Washington 286 XVI. Counter Propaganda and The Lobby 305 XVII. Alibis and Excuses 313 XVIII. No Sacrifice on the Altar of Moloch 325 XIX. Behind America's Iron Curtain 350 XX. Plans for Peace—In Time of War 378 XXL Another Farben Peace 395 Conclusion Democracy at Its Worst, and At Its Best 414 Appendix 417 Index PREFACE The Pattern of Farben THE HUGE INTERNATIONAL chemical combine and cartel leader that is known today as I. G. Farben had its beginning some seventy-five years ago, with the founding in Germany of six small coal-tar dye companies. By 1939 these six companies had grown into the ominous-sound- ing INTERESSEN GEMEINSCHAFT FARBENINDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of FRANKFORT am MAIN, which translated literally, means "community of interests of the dye manufacturing companies." I. G. Farben is usually discussed as a huge German cartel which controls chemical industries throughout the world and from which profits flow back to the headquarters in Frankfort. Farben, how- ever, is no mere industrial enterprise conducted by Germans for the extraction of profits at home and abroad. Rather, it is and must be recognized as a cabalistic organization which, through foreign subsidiaries and by secret tie-ups, operates a far-flung and highly efficient espionage machine—the ultimate purpose being world conquest—and a world super-state directed by Farben. vii viii PREFACE Perhaps the chief distinguishing characteristic of this vast organ- ization is the definite pattern to which it holds. From its beginning the Farben pattern—based upon intensive research wedded to ap- plied science, plus a cynical disbelief in the existence of social, eco- nomic, or political morality—has never varied; its rhythm appears changeless. This book is the story of the Farben pattern—as it has appeared in the United States, and a glimpse of its extent in Latin America. It is a story of the shadowy designs that repeatedly have come up through the fabric of our industrial, social, and political life. Viewed over a long period of years it appears as an interlocking design of propaganda, espionage, sabotage, and corruption. Fragments of this pattern have been revealed to the public from time to time in press reports of official investigations and court actions here in the United States. These detached items, however, could mean little to the public. To understand their significance—as a part of a never ending menace to world peace—the activities of Farben must be traced from the beginning, and chronicled in some kind of sequence.. The events in this story are not set forth in chronological order. Rather, they are grouped according to subject matter—to bring out the many designs of the pattern, and to make clear each phase of the menace that is Farben. Space does not permit a history of this nebulous structure, or the part it has played in German politics—in making Hitler Chancellor, and providing money and munitions for his armies. For more than forty years the author, through business, profes- sional and official contacts, has followed the activities of this colos- sal cartel structure and its predecessors, the "Big Six" dyestuff companies. He has followed the establishment of their chemical cartels in this country prior to the first World War; the partial destruction of those monopolies during that war; and the rebuild- ing, in the next two decades, of a far stronger and more sinister framework inside our militarily strategic industries, our agencies of public opinion, and the very fabric of government itself. PREFAC E ix He believes that the story told here shows clearly that Farben was largely responsible for our spiritual and physical disarmament when the present war began—just as the Big Six was largely respon- sible for our unarmed condition at the start of the first World War. He believes also, that the story shows what we may expect from Farben during the peace. It is well to say now that every statement of fact in this book is supported by irrefutable evidence in the form of official documents, court records, or private papers. From these the reader may draw his own conclusions regarding the guilt or gullibility—or both—of some of those American citizens who find mention in these pages. Be it admitted that unhappy instances of corruption, double deal- ing and cupidity appear and reappear in our history from the earliest days of this republic and will continue—yet a distinction must be made between ordinary violations of our criminal statutes and those committed, or secretly instigated, by an enemy which is obsessed with the lust of enslaving this nation. This, then, is the pattern of Farben. C H A P T E R I Graft—and America Unarmed ON A S T O R M Y evening early in 1912, a raiding party armed with a search warrant proceeded to one of the fashionable residential districts of Phila- delphia, broke down the door, and ransacked the apartment of one Alfred J. Keppelmann. Mr. Keppelmann was the executive in charge of the Philadelphia office of the American Bayer Company, owned and directed by one of the leading German dyestuff manufacturers. The local office of the Bayer company was at 9 North Water Street, but the young attorney who led the raiding party had been tipped off that Mr. Keppelmann kept his more important business correspondence in his home. The tip was a good one and resulted in a rich yield of evidences of bribery and fraud engaged in by Mr. Keppelmann over a period of years. Thus was launched an expose of commercial corruption that is without parallel in the history of legitimate business in the United States. But that raid was the first of a long series of ineffectual blows at the German-controlled chemical cartels that for seventy- five years have operated within our borders—ineffectual because 1 2 TREASON' S PEACE they have not yet destroyed the corrupt influence and power of these monopolies, whose purpose, since their inception, has been to stifle our military effectiveness and to strengthen the resources of the Fatherland. The leading German chemical companies before the first World War were known throughout the world as the Big Six. Direct prede- cessors of the gigantic I. G. Farbenindustrie, in which they were later merged, these six companies were: 1. Badische Anilin und Sodafabrik. (known as Badische) 2. Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co. (known as Bayer or Elberfeld) 3. Aktiengesellschaft fur Anihnfabrikation. (known as the Berlin Company) 4. Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius und Bruning. (known as the Hoechst Co.) 5. Leopold Cassella G. m. b. H. in Frankfurt. (known as Cassella) 6. Kalle & Company. (known as Kalle) All of these companies made dyestuffs and the intermediates from which coal-tar dyes are produced; several of them also produced pharmaceutical products from coal-tar intermediates and other chemical bases. There were numerous other smaller German dyestuff producers but these six concerns, with several hundred million dollars in assets, united early in the century in two cartels, dominated the coal-tar industry in Germany, and controlled the world's markets for dye stuffs. In America, where business was a strictly private affair, and all attempts at government supervision were fought tooth and nail by our rugged individualists, the Big Six found fertile ground for their "peaceful penetration." Here in America with the cooperation of the German government, they established their agencies, and pursued a ruthless policy of economic strangulation, with the re- sult that upon our entry into World War I, America's organic chem- ical industry, the very lifeblood of modern warfare, consisted of little more than a series of small assembly plants. The completeness with which we failed to develop this mili- TREASON'S PEACE 3 tarily strategic industry attests the determination of purpose and the typical German thoroughness with which the representatives of Kultur carried out, within our borders, their coordination of industry with the forces of war. The early history of these six German companies takes in the birth of the commercial development of dyes made from coal tar. Three generations ago these dyes began to replace many of the natural or vegetable dyes. However, it was not a German, but a young English chemist, William H. Perkin, who discovered in 1856 that a usable purple, or mauve color, could be produced from aniline, the oil-like product distilled from coal tar, which had been produced originally in 1826. History records that young Perkin was not attempting to make a dyestuff at the time, but was experimenting, unsuccessfully, with the aniline in an attempt to produce synthetic quinine. Some 70 years later, one of Farben's chemists succeeded in doing what Perkin had set out to do and produced the coal-tar derivative known as Atabrine which today, as a substitute for quinine, oc- cupies such a vital place in our control of malaria.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
    American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • John W. Jackson Papers
    John W. Jackson Papers Collection Summary Title: John W. Jackson Papers Call Number: MS 95-18 Size: 0.5 linear feet Acquisition: Donated by John Jackson, 6-1-1992 Processed By: JEO, 4-10-1995; Reprocessed by JEF, 12-18-1998; MN, 10-2008 Note: Related collections: MS 87-09, Rev. Dr. Gerald B. Winrod Papers; MS 88-29, Kenneth Bradley Collection Restrictions: None Literary Rights Literary rights were not granted to Wichita State University. When permission is granted to examine the manuscripts, it is not an authorization to publish them. Manuscripts cannot be used for publication without regard for common law literary rights, copyright laws and the laws of libel. It is the responsibility of the researcher and his/her publisher to obtain permission to publish. Scholars and students who eventually plan to have their work published are urged to make inquiry regarding overall restrictions on publication before initial research. Restrictions None Content Note This collection of John W. Jackson’s papers contains copies of the government exhibits presented by the prosecution against Rev. Dr. Gerald Winrod. The materials in the collection also include Winrod’s own writing, excerpts from German publications, including speeches and excerpts from Hitler’s speeches, and lastly letters by Winrod concerning “Jewish plots.” Administrative History Rev. Dr. Gerald Winrod of Wichita was named one of the 29 defendants by a grand jury of the United States of the District of Columbia, October term, 1943. The defendants were tried under the 1940 Alien Registration Act (Title 18 United States Code 2385), commonly known as the Smith Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing for Dictatorship, Refashioning for Democracy: German Women Journalists in the Nazi and Post-War Press
    Writing for Dictatorship, Refashioning for Democracy: German Women Journalists in the Nazi and Post-war Press by Deborah Barton A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Deborah Barton 2015 Writing for Dictatorship, Refashioning for Democracy: German Women Journalists in the Nazi and Post-war Press Deborah Barton Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2015 Abstract This dissertation investigates how women journalists acted as professional functionaries in support of the National Socialist dictatorship, and later, a democratic West Germany. As a project that examines the intersections between the press, politics and gender, this study makes three contributions to the study of German history. The first is for the understanding the expansiveness and malleability of what constituted politics in the Third Reich and the nature of consensus between the regime and the population. Nazi gender ideology proclaimed that women belonged only in the private sphere. Correspondingly, Nazi press authorities dictated that women write only about topics pertaining to this area. The regime labeled such news apolitical. However, soft news from a cheerful perspective was an indispensible part of Nazi media policy: it provided the façade of normalcy and morale building under Hitler. In return for their support, the state offered women journalists a status not open to most women. The study of women journalists further unravels the draw of National Socialism for those Germans the regime deemed politically, socially and racially acceptable: increased possibilities and social prestige. The second contribution relates to the study of women in the professions, which has often been overlooked.
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany
    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 03/21/2015, SPi THE PERILS OF PEACE OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 03/21/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 03/21/2015, SPi The Perils of Peace The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany JESSICA REINISCH 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 03/21/2015, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Jessica Reinisch 2013 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2013 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording or otherwise, for commercial purposes without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. This is an open access publication. Except where otherwise noted, this work is distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/ Enquiries concerning use outside the scope of the licence terms should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the above address. British Library Cataloguing in Publication data Data available ISBN 978–0–19–966079–7 Printed in Great Britain by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.
    [Show full text]
  • A[Edit] Gunter D'alquen
    A[edit] Gunter d'Alquen - Chief Editor of the SS official newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps ("The Black Corps"), and commander of the SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers. Ludolf von Alvensleben - commander of the SS and police in Crimea and commander of the Selbstschutz (self-defense) of the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. Max Amann - Head of Nazi publishing house Eher-Verlag Benno von Arent - Responsible for art, theatres, and movies in the Third Reich. Heinz Auerswald - Commissioner for the Jewish residential district inWarsaw from April 1941 to November 1942. Hans Aumeier - deputy commandant at Auschwitz Artur Axmann - Chief of the Social Office of the Reich Youth Leadership. Leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940, through war's end in 1945. B[edit] Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski - Commander of the "Bandenkämpfverbände" SS units responsible for the mass murder of 35,000 civilians in Riga and more than 200,000 in Belarus and eastern Poland. Herbert Backe - Minister of Food (appointed 1942) and Minister of Agriculture (appointed 1943). Richard Baer - Commander of the Auschwitz I concentration camp from May 1944 to February 1945. Alfred Baeumler - Philosopher who interpreted the works of Friedrich Nietzschein order to legitimize Nazism. Klaus Barbie - Head of the Gestapo in Lyon. Nicknamed "the Butcher of Lyon" for his use of torture on prisoners. Josef Bauer SS officer and politician Josef Berchtold - Very early Party member, and the second Reichsführer-SSfrom 1926-27. Gottlob Berger - Chief of Staff for Waffen-SS and head of the SS's main leadership office. Werner Best - SS-Obergruppenführer and Civilian administrator of Nazi occupied France and Denmark.
    [Show full text]
  • Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, Volume II
    Includes the complete text of Domarus’ original German 4-volume set, and the 4-volume English translation on CD The Complete HITLER A Digital Desktop Reference to His Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 Max Domarus Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. Wauconda, Illinois USA The Complete Hitler A Digital Desktop Reference to His Speeches and Proclamations 1932-1945 Max Domarus © 2007 Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. 1000 Brown Street Wauconda, IL 60084 USA www.bolchazy.com Produced in the United States of America 2007 by Media Services ISBN 978-0-86516-658-5 HITLER Speeches and Proclamations VOLUME II HITLER Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 Volume I 1932–1934 Volume II 1935–1938 Volume III 1939–1940 Volume IV 1941–1945 MAX DOMARUS HITLER Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 THE CHRONICLE OF A DICTATORSHIP VOLUME TWO The Years 1935 to 1938 BOLCHAZY-CARDUCCI PUBLISHERS TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY CHRIS WILCOX AND MARY FRAN GILBERT Published by Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers 1000 Brown Street, Unit 101 Wauconda, IL, 60084 United States of America Copyright © 1992 by Wolfgang Domarus Originally published in German: Hitler. Reden und Proklamationen 1932–1945. Copyright © 1962, 1963, 1973 by Max Domarus, 1987 by Wolfgang Domarus American translation copyright © 1992 by Wolfgang Domarus The copyright includes the entirety of Adolf Hitler’s words as translated for this work. Licensing by Domarus Verlag Postfach, D8700 Würzburg 21, West Germany All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Domarus, Max: Hitler. Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945. Volume II: The Years 1935 to 1938. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transformation of National Identity in Germany: the Role of Political Parties
    The Transformation of National Identity in Germany: The Role of Political Parties Saya Hautefeuille A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctorate degree in Political Science School of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Saya Hautefeuille, Ottawa, Canada, 2018 Acknowledgements It’s been a long journey to say the least. The thing is about long journeys is that you end up meeting a lot of people on the road who not only transform it but also have a significant impact on the project. First of all, I wish to address my gratitude for the patience and constructive comments that my director, André Lecours, has always had for me as I struggled to find my direction. I am indebted to the encouraging emails and Skype conversations we had that helped keep my enthusiasm for the project. I also wish to thank Daniel Stockemer for reading my multiple drafts. His comments and ideas have always been important roads of guidance. I thank my friends who have listened to me as I bounced out ideas and who have provided me with intellectual support. I also wish to give my deep thanks to my parents who have supported me throughout this project. There were many late calls and editing support that was fundamental to me. Finally, I am greatly indebted to my amazing husband, Rafael who has constantly been my rock in so many different ways throughout this very long journey. I dedicate this thesis to you and our equally amazing children, René, Gabriel and Sophie, whose presence always reminded me of life outside academia and to keep laughing.
    [Show full text]
  • Völkisch Writers and National Socialism
    CULTURAL HISTORY AND LITERARY IMAGINATION This book provides a view of literary life under the Nazis, highlighting • Guy Tourlamain the ambiguities, rivalries and conflicts that determined the cultural climate of that period and beyond. Focusing on a group of writers – in particular, Hans Grimm, Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer, Wilhelm Schäfer, Emil Strauß, Börries Freiherr von Münchhausen and Rudolf Binding – it examines the continuities in völkisch-nationalist thought in Germany from c.1890 into the post-war period and the ways in which völkisch-nationalists identified themselves in opposition to four successive German regimes: the Kaiserreich, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the Federal Republic. Although their work Völkisch predated Hitler’s National Socialist movement, their contribution to preparing the cultural climate for the rise of Nazism ensured them continued prominence in the Third Reich. Those who survived into the post-war era continued to represent the völkisch-nationalist worldview in the West German public sphere, opposing both Socialism and National Writers the Soviet and liberal-democratic models for Germany’s future. While not uncontroversial, they were able to achieve significant publishing success, suggesting that a demand existed for their works among the German public, stimulating debate about the nature of the recent past and its effect on Germany’s cultural and political identity and position in the world. Völkisch Writers and National Socialism Guy Tourlamain received his D.Phil. from Oxford University in 2007. He also spent time as a visiting student at the University of Gießen, A Study of Right-Wing Political Culture University of Hamburg and Humboldt University in Berlin as well as undertaking postdoctoral research at the German Literature in Germany, 1890–1960 Archive in Marbach am Neckar.
    [Show full text]
  • An Accident of Resistance in Nazi Germany: Oskar Kalbus's Three-Volume History of German Film (1935–37) Joel Westerdale Smith College, [email protected]
    Masthead Logo Smith ScholarWorks German Studies: Faculty Publications German Studies Summer 2017 An Accident of Resistance in Nazi Germany: Oskar Kalbus's Three-Volume History of German Film (1935–37) Joel Westerdale Smith College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/ger_facpubs Part of the German Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Westerdale, Joel, "An Accident of Resistance in Nazi Germany: Oskar Kalbus's Three-Volume History of German Film (1935–37)" (2017). German Studies: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/ger_facpubs/1 This Article has been accepted for inclusion in German Studies: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] RE-READINGS JOEL WESTERDALE An Accident of Resistance in Nazi Germany: Oskar Kalbus’s Three-Volume History of German Film (1935–37) ABSTRACT: This article reconsiders the first comprehensive history of German film, Oskar Kalbus’s two-volume Vom Werden deutscher Filmkunst (On the Rise of German Film Art, 1935) in terms of its contemporary reception in Nazi Germany and in light of a newly surfaced third volume. This is the first article dedicated to a work that scholars have long cited, though rarely without suspicion. The newly surfaced typescript for Der Film im Dritten Reich (Film in the Third Reich, 1937) confirms the author’s National Socialist sympathies, but at the same time it highlights by contrast the virtues of the two published volumes. KEYWORDS: film historiography, German film, Third Reich, cigarette albums, antisemitism Siegfried Kracauer’s From Caligari to Hitler (1947) continues to exert extraordinary influence on the discourse of German cinema before 1933.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Studies State College Of
    . 7,2.3 . / , ~ 1tu/J/~ ~/~". to. ~ Volume XIII Number 2 / June, 1945 7JY RESEARCH STUDIES OF THE \ STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON BLUEPRINT OF THE NAZI UNDERGROUND--PAST AND FUTURE SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES: Robert M. W. Kempner - 51 DOCUMENT A. A POLICE RECOMMENDATION OF 1924 TO DEPORT HITLER 53 DOCUMENT B. A POLICE REPORT OF 1930 REVEALING THE NSDAP AS GUILTY OF TREASON 56 DOCUMENT C. REFUSAL OF THE REICH AITORNEY GENERAL IN 1930-32 TO PROSECUTE NAZI LEADERS FOR TREASON AND SEDITION 131 DOCUMENTS D1, D2, D3. COURT DECISIONS OF 1930-31 ON SEDITIOUS ACTIVITIES OF THE NSDAP IN THE ARMY AND POLICE 134 RECOMMENDATIONS. INTERNAL-SECURITY PROGRAM FOR OCCUPIED GERMANY 143 THE AUTHORSHIP OF The Fatal Extravagance: Paul P. Kies ISS Pullman, Washington 1 ~ .; ..f. 4 . ., • , . , •# .I ,J , RESEARCH STUDIES of the STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON EDITOR-IN~CHIEF PAUl, P. KIES, Professor of English ASSOCIATE EDITORS CARl, M. BREWSTE.R CARl, 1. ERICKSON Professor of Organic Chemistry Associate Professor of Psychology HERMAN J. D/tuTSCH HI';RDI';RT L. EASTI,ICK Professor of History Associate Professor of Zoology Entered as second-class matter December 26, 1936, at the post office at Pull­ man, Washington, under Act of August 24, 1912. Research Studies of the State College of Washington is published in Pullman, Washington, by the State College of Washington. It is issued four times a year­ in March, June, September, and December. PURPOS~ Research Studies is established to provide a medium of publication for articles of research in the pure sciences and arts; it is limited to material making a contribution to knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Nevada, Reno Judicial Independence and the Tragic
    University of Nevada, Reno Judicial Independence and the Tragic Consequences that Arose in Nazi Germany from a Lack Thereof A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Judicial Studies by Stephen Michael Yeager James T. Richardson, J.D., Ph.D., Dissertation Advisor May, 2014 © by Stephen Michael Yeager 2014 All Rights Reserved UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA THE GRADUATE SCHOOL RENO We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by STEPHEN MICHAEL YEAGER entitled Judicial Independence and the Tragic Consequences that Arose in Nazi Germany from a Lack Thereof be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY James T. Richardson, J.D., Ph.D., Advisor Thomas F. Burke, Ph.D., Committee Member Greta E. de Jong, Ph.D., Committee Member Richard T. Martin, Ph.D., Committee Member Greta E. de Jong, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School May, 2014 i ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses the topics of judicial independence and judicial accountability using the federal and state court systems of the United States as major examples since much of the work on judicial independence derives from the American experience. I define judicial independence by addressing the inquiries of independence for whom, independence from whom, independence from what, and independence for what purpose. Conditions that foster or supplant judicial independence are then summarized to facilitate their application to
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Nazi Art: the Portrayal of Women in Nazi Painting
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 11-5-1996 The Politics of Nazi Art: The Portrayal of Women in Nazi Painting Jennifer Anne Miller Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Miller, Jennifer Anne, "The Politics of Nazi Art: The Portrayal of Women in Nazi Painting" (1996). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5157. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7033 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of Jennifer Anne Miller for the Master of Arts in History were presented November 5, 1996 and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. COMMITTEE APPROVALS: , Chair Steve Fuller Representative of the Office of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENT APPROV G°'r on Dodds, Chair Department of History * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ACCEPTED FOR PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY BY THE LIBRARY b on .?,~U4?f.« /997 ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of Jennifer Anne Miller for the Master of Arts in History: Presented November 5, 1996. Title: The Politics of Nazi Art: The Portrayal of Women in Nazi Painting. The study of Nazi art as an historical document provided an effective measure of Nazi political platform and social policy. Because the ideology of the Third Reich is represented within Nazi art itself, it is useful to have a good understanding of the politics and ideology, surrounding the German art world at the time.
    [Show full text]