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World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized ...z w ~ ~ ~ w C ..... Z w ~ oQ. -'w >w Public Disclosure Authorized C -' -ct ou V') Public Disclosure Authorized " Public Disclosure Authorized VIOLENCE PREVENTION A Critical Dimension of Development Background 2 Agenda 4 Participant Biographies 10 Photo Contest ­ Imagining Peace 32 Photo Contest Winners 33 Photo Contest Finalists 36 Conference Organizing Team & Contact Information 43 The Conflict, Crime and Violence team in the Social high levels of violent crime, street violence, do­ Development Department (SDV) has organized a mestic violence, and other kinds of violence. day and a half event focusing on "Violence Pre­ vention: A Critical Dimension of Development". Violence takes many forms: from the traditional As the issue of violence crosscuts other agendas protection racket by illegal organizations to the of the World Bank, the objectives of the event are rise of international illegal trafficking (arms, hu­ to raise World Bank staff's awareness of the link mans, drugs), from gang-based urban violence between violence prevention and development, its and crime to politically-motivated violence fueled relevance for development, and to present the ra­ by socio-economic grievances. All these forms of tionale for increased attention to violence preven­ violence concur to erode the well-being of all- and tion and reduction within World Bank operations. more acutely of the poorest - and to stymie devel­ opment efforts. Social failure, weak institutional Violence has become one of the most salient de­ capacity and the lack of a legal framework to pro­ velopmental issues in the global agenda. Its nega­ tect and guarantee people's safety and rights cre­ tive impact on social and economic development ate a climate of lawlessness and engender dynam­ in countries across the world has been well doc­ ics of state-within-state behavior by increasingly umented. Studies have shown that in about 60 more powerful criminal organizations. countries, over the last ten years, violence has sig­ nificantly and directly reduced economic growth. There is now a greater understanding of the inter­ It has hampered poverty reduction efforts and relationship between these different forms of vio­ limited progress towards the Millennium Devel­ lence. Common violence - defined in opposition opment Goals. About half of these 60 countries to politically-motivated violence - has often in­ currently experience violent conflict or are in creased in post-conflict countries after large-scale post-conflict transition. The other half experience armed conflict ended. Such cases include Somalia, 2 I VIOLENCE PREVENTION : A CRITICAL DIMENSION OF DEVElOPMENT ~ Liberia, Guatemala and EI Salvador. Conversely, ages development activities to adopt a violence countries with high levels of common violence prevention lens, in order to avoid exacerbating have shown tendencies toward sporadic socio­ grievances in society and/or deepen social mar­ political instability, as in the cases of ethnic vio­ ginalization that feeds into violence. lence in Kenya and in South Africa, or urban riots in Brazil and Haiti. The case of Colombia, where The "Violence Prevention: A Critical Dimension long lasting civil war has been accompanied by of Development" event will be an occasion to high levels of urban violence and persisting illegal showcase: activities, further suggests the interplay and inter­ i. How violence prevention crosscuts important connectedness of various types of violence. development priorities, such as fragile coun­ tries, governance, gender and youth inclu­ These examples highlight that types of violence sion, post-conflict reconstruction and urban are linked to each other, and suggest that com­ development. partmentalizing different types of violence and ii. What we know about what works and does the approaches to address them may not be the not work in violence prevention. best strategy. Ultimately, violence impedes the iii. How this agenda can be translated into con­ emergence of the very conditions necessary for the crete policy advice and operations, and how successful implementation of development opera­ the World Bank can move forward in address­ tions. Much of the literature shows that approach­ ing crime and violence. es to reducing and preventing violence need to be comprehensive in nature and must encourage the This seminar will also aim to share experiences with participation of a wide range of actors. external organizations and experts to present, ana­ lyze, and discuss issues related to violence, its im­ Governments across regions are increasingly re­ pact on societies, and the best approaches to prevent questing the World Bank's support in addressing it. The event includes speakers from the World Bank, these problems more effectively. The challenges of from organizations working on violence-related is­ preventing violence and reducing crime require sues, and from governments and municipalities. seamless coordination among different actors within the state (national and municipal), civil As part of the event, the Conflict, Crime and society and local communities, as well as donors. Violence team has organized the Photo Contest The Conflict, Crime and Violence team engages in Imagining Peace: The World Bank Contribution violence prevention activities as well as encour­ to Peace-Building and Prevention of Violence. VIOLENCE PREVENTION: A CRITICAL DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT I 3 APRIL 6, 2009 I 8:00 - 9:00am Breakfast & Registration 9:00 - 10:30am From Local To Global: Why Violence Prevention Is An Important Component Of Development 10:30 - 10:45am Coffee Break 10:45am - 12:15pm Conflict, Crime and Violence Reduction and Prevention: Impact of Violence on Societies and Possible Solutions 12 :15 - 12:30pm Lunch 12:30 - 2:15pm Children and War, a Testimony 2:15 - 2:30pm Break 2:30 - 4:00pm Integrating Violence Prevention in Urban Development Policies 4:00pm - 4:15pm Coffee Break 4:15 - 6:00pm Youth and Gender Dimensions: Perpetrators of Violence and Agents of Change 6:00pm - 7:30pm IMAGINING PEACE: The World Bank Contribution to Peace-building and Prevention of Violence Contest Award Ceremony and Cocktail APRIL 7, 2009 8:30 - 9:00am Breakfast & Registration 9:00 - 10:30am Poor Governance and Violence: Breaking the Vicious Circle 10:30 - 10:45am Coffee Break 10:45am - 12:15pm Conflict and Violence at the Heart of Country Fragility 12:15 - 12:30pm Lunch 12:30 - 2:00pm Violence Prevention and Reduction - A Way Forward 4 I VIOLENCE PREVENTION : A CRITICAL DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT APRIL 6, 2009 From Local to Global: Why Violence Prevention is an Important Component of Development 9:00 - lO:30am I Preston Auditorium Welcome: Katherine Sierra, Vice President, Sustainable Development Network, The World Bank Chair and Opening Remarks: Juan Jose Daboub, Managing Director, The World Bank Key-Note Speeches: 1. Reducing Violence in Cities: The Challenge for the Future ofLocal Development Enrique Pefialosa, Former Mayor of Bogota, Colombia 2. Reducing Violence in Political Conflicts: Challenges and opportunities for the International Community Hon. Martti Ahtisaari, 2008 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and Former President of the Republic of Finland Conflict, Crime and Violence Reduction and Prevention: Impact of Violence on Societies and Possible Solutions lO:4Sam - 12:1Spm I Preston Auditorium This session discusses conflict, crime and violence as development issues. It focuses on the costs and im­ pacts of violence and conflict, and how violence prevention can be integrated in World Bank programs. Chair: Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist, Africa Region, The World Bank Presentations: 1. The Cost and Impacts ofViolence for Countries and Societies. Gary Milante, Conflict Economist, Development Research Group, The World Bank 2. The Development Underpinnings ofViolent Behavior: The Psychosocial Impacts ofViolence Michael Wessells, Professor of Clinical Population and Family Health, Columbia University 3. Violence Prevention in the Work of the World Bank Alexandre Marc, Coordinator, Conflict, Crime and Violence Team, Social Development Dept., The World Bank VIOLENCE PREVENTION: A CRITICAL DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT l 5 Children and War, a Testimony 12:30 - 2:15pm I Preston Auditorium Chair: Ngozi N. Okonjo-Iweala, Managing Director, The World Bank Moderator: Ozong Agborsangaya-Fiteu, Conflict, Crime and Violence Team, Social Development Dept., The World Bank Discussion with: • Grace Akallo, former child soldier of Uganda and author of Girl Soldier: A Story of Hope for Northern Uganda's Children • Dominic Akena, former child soldier of Uganda and protagonist of War Dance, 2008 Academy Award Nominee, Best Documentary Feature • Zlata Filipovic, war survivor of Bosnia-Herzegovina and author of Zlata's Diary: A Child's Life in Wartime Sarajevo • John Kon Kelei, former child soldier of Sudan and spokesperson, War Child Netherlands Integrating Violence Prevention in Urban Development Policies 2:30 - 4:00pm I MC13 - 121 Conference Room Reducing and preventing violence is a central component of urban development policies. This session focuses on how integrated policies for the reduction of crime and violence, slum upgrading, improving access to services and poverty reduction contribute to urban development. Chair: Laszlo Lovei, Director, Sustainable Development, Middle East and North Africa Region, The World Bank Presentations: 1. Prevention ofCrime and Community Safeh) in Urban Settings Valerie Sagant, Director General, International Centre for the Prevention
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