U.S. Department of the Interior Prepared in cooperation with the Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5175 U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Energy Plate 1 117° 116°

Monitor Range

White River Valley

Hot Creek Valley

5,577 (1,700) Warm Springs Railroad Valley

6 5,000 4,593 (1,400)

Stone Cabin Valley Quinn Canyon Range Tonopah 5,577 (1,700)

Ralston Valley NYE COUNTY

4,921 (1,500) LINCOLN COUNTY

Big Smoky Valley

5,249 (1,600) 38° 38° 5,906 (1,800)

5,249 (1,600)

Ralston Valley

Coal Valley

5,249 (1,600) 4,265 (1,300)

4,921 (1,500) 5,249 (1,600) 6,234 (1,900)

5,577 (1,700) 4,921 (1,500)

Railroad Valley South

CACTUS FLAT 5,200 | 200

Cactus Range Penoyer Valley Goldfield 5,249 (1,600) 3,800 | 3,800 4,921 (1,500) Clayton Valley

3,609 (1,100) Rachel Sand Spring Valley

5,249 (1,600) 5,577 (1,700) North Kawich Valley 4,593 (1,400) 5,600 | 5,600 93

Pahranagat Valley 4,921

4,593 (1,400) 4,593 (1,400)5,249 3,937 (1,200)4,265 (1,300)

Gold Flat Pahranagat Range

4,921 (1,500) – 6,300 | 5,900

Belted Range Alamo 4,265 (1,300) 4,593 (1,400)

3,609 (1,100)

Scottys Emigrant Valley Junction

Black Pahute Mesa National Mountain Security Site 3,281 (1,000) NYE COUNTY

Sarcobatus Flat ESMERALDA COUNTY ESMERALDA Rainier Mesa 3,937 (1,200)

Yucca Flat

Timber North Mountain 4,000 | 4,000 Yucca Flat Sarcobatus Flat South Oasis Valley subbasin Grapevine 37° 37° Springs area 1,900 | 1,900 4,265 2,297 (700) 100 | 100 3,937 (1,200) Ash Meadows 20,50020,500 | 18,500 Beatty

Yucca Mountain

300 LINCOLN COUNTY CLARK COUNTY

100 + NYE COUNTY

1,640 (500) 3,609 (1,100) Alkali Flat– Mesquite Flat Furnace Creek Ranch

5,500 | 7,900 Jackass Flats

Death Valley 2,625 (800) 3,281 (1,000) Mercury 2,320 (707)

984 (300) Sheep Range 328 (100) 7,874 (2,400)

2,000 Indian Springs

1,969 (600) (600) 1,969 1,969

CALIFORNIANEVADA

Death Valley West 656 (200) 13,600 | 13,600 1,312 (400) 373 Ash Furnace Meadows Creek Ranch 2,953 (900) Franklin Well area Las Vegas Valley 4,921 (1,500)

190 190 Spring Mountains

Death Valley 6,562 (2,000) Death Valley Junction

Franklin Lake playa Pahrump 3,609 (1,100) Las Vegas

0 Stewart Valley

Amargosa River Pahrump Valley 2,625 (800)

Panamint Range

3,281 (1,000)

2,953 (900)

36° 36° Chicago Valley

Shoshone Pahrump to Death Valley South 25,200 | 25,200

CLARK COUNTY

127 Tecopa INYO INYO COUNTY COUNTY Mesquite Valley SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY

15 COUNTY KERN

Primm SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data 1:100,000; Hillshade from USGS 117° 116° Geospatial metadata: 1-arc-second NED; Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11, NAD83. EXPLANATION http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2015_5175_GWbasins.xml http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2015_5175_WLcontours.xml Generalized area of in-place recharge—Dark blue is area of likely recharge; light blue is area of minor Boundary of Nevada National Security Site (NNSS)—Internal boundaries Groundwater basin boundary—First number under basin name is estimated recharge General direction of regional groundwater flow recharge. Minor and likely recharge areas are derived from precipitation bands of 10–13 and >13 inches per are NNSS operational areas Ash Meadows generated within basin from infiltration of precipitation; second number is estimated year, respectively. Precipitation distribution is from Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes predevelopment discharge from springs and evapotranspiration (see table 1). Values General direction and approximate rate of interbasin groundwater flow—Number on arrow Model (PRISM) output used to estimate 1981–2010 mean precipitation (Daly and others, 2008). Recharge areas, Relative likelihood of hydraulic connection across hydrographic 20,500 | 18,500 in acre-feet per year 100 + 300 indicates rate of interbasin flow, in acre-feet per year (regular and italic numbers are as defined by precipitation bands, are generalized and are for illustration purposes only. boundary, based on geology—from Heilweil and Brooks (2011) groundwater and streamflow components, respectively) Groundwater subbasin boundary High Generalized area of predevelopment groundwater Water-level contour—Shows altitude of predevelopment regional water-level surface, in feet Spring discharge—Modified from Harrill and others (1988) 1,312 (400) Low (number in parentheses is in original units of meters). Contour interval is 328 feet except on Spring Mountains and Sheep Range and one supplemental contour at Amargosa Valley. Datum is Uncertain Hydraulic head measurement location—Used in construction of water-level contours. National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. Modified from U.S. Department of Energy (1997a) using Modified from U.S. Department of Energy (1997a) data and interpretations from Elliott and Fenelon (2010) and Fenelon and others (2010) Distribution of evapotranspiration units in areas of groundwater discharge—Colors denote evapotranspiration units as defined and mapped by Laczniak and others (2001), 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 MILES Reiner and others (2002), and DeMeo and others (2003) 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETERS

Recharge, Discharge, and Groundwater Flow in Pahute Mesa–Oasis Valley and Surrounding Groundwater Basins, Nevada and California By Joseph M. Fenelon, Keith J. Halford, and Michael T. Moreo 2016