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Negotiating Transboundary River Governance in Myanmar
Number 529 | October 8, 2020 EastWestCenter.org/APB Negotiating Transboundary River Governance in Myanmar By Khin Ohnmar Htwe Myanmar lies in the northwestern part of Indo‐Chinese Peninsular or mainland South‐East Asia. It is bounded by China on the north and north‐east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south‐east, and Bangladesh and India on the west. There are 7 major drainage areas or catchment areas in Myanmar comprising a series of river‐ valleys running from north to south. The drainage areas in Myanmar are Ayeyarwady and Chindwin Rivers and tributaries (55.05%), Thanlwin (Salween) River and tributaries (18.43%), Siaung River and tributaries (5.38%), Kaladan and Lemyo Rivers and tributaries (3.76%), Yangon River and tributaries (2.96%), Tanintharyi River and tributaries (2.66%), and Minor Coastal Streams (11.76%). Myanmar possesses 12% of Asia’s fresh water resources and 16% of that of the Khin Ohnmar Htwe, ASEAN naons. Growing naonwide demand for fresh water has heightened the challenges of water Director of the Myanmar security. The transboundary river basins along the border line of Myanmar and neighboring countries Environment Instute, are the Mekong, Thanlwin (Salween), Thaungyin (Moai), Naf, and Manipu rivers. The Mekong River is explains that: “Since the also an important transboundary river for Myanmar which it shares with China, Laos, and Thailand. country has both naonal and The Mekong River, with a length of about 2,700 miles (4,350 km), rises in southeastern Qinghai internaonal rivers, Province, China, flows through the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, and forms part of the internaonal border between Myanmar (Burma) and Laos, as well as between Myanmar needs to be Laos and Thailand. -
December 2008
cover_asia_report_2008_2:cover_asia_report_2007_2.qxd 28/11/2008 17:18 Page 1 Central Committee for Drug Lao National Commission for Drug Office of the Narcotics Abuse Control Control and Supervision Control Board Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43 1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43 1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN SOUTH EAST ASIA IN SOUTH EAST CULTIVATION OPIUM POPPY December 2008 Printed in Slovakia UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (ICMP) promotes the development and maintenance of a global network of illicit crop monitoring systems in the context of the illicit crop elimination objective set by the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs. ICMP provides overall coordination as well as direct technical support and supervision to UNODC supported illicit crop surveys at the country level. The implementation of UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme in South East Asia was made possible thanks to financial contributions from the Government of Japan and from the United States. UNODC Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme – Survey Reports and other ICMP publications can be downloaded from: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crop-monitoring/index.html The boundaries, names and designations used in all maps in this document do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. This document has not been formally edited. CONTENTS PART 1 REGIONAL OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................3 -
Risk Patterns of Lung Cancer Mortality in Northern Thailand
Rankantha et al. BMC Public Health (2018) 18:1138 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6025-1 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Risk patterns of lung cancer mortality in northern Thailand Apinut Rankantha1,2, Imjai Chitapanarux3,4,5, Donsuk Pongnikorn6, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree2, Walaithip Bunyatisai2, Patumrat Sripan3,4,5 and Patrinee Traisathit2,7* Abstract Background: Over the past decade, lung cancers have exhibited a disproportionately high mortality and increasing mortality trend in Thailand, especially in the northern region, and prevention strategies have consequently become more important in this region. Spatial analysis studies may be helpful in guiding any strategy put in place to respond to the risk of lung cancer mortality in specific areas. The aim of our study was to identify risk patterns for lung cancer mortality within the northern region of Thailand. Methods: In the spatial analysis, the relative risk (RR) was used as a measure of the risk of lung cancer mortality in 81 districts of northern Thailand between 2008 and 2017. The RR was estimated according to the Besag-York-Mollié autoregressive spatial model performed using the OpenBUGS routine in the R statistical software package. We presented the overall and gender specific lung cancer mortality risk patterns of the region using the Quantum Geographic Information System. Results: The overall risk of lung cancer mortality was the highest in the west of northern Thailand, especially in the Hang Dong, Doi Lo, and San Pa Tong districts. For both genders, the risk patterns of lung cancer mortality indicated a high risk in the west of northern Thailand, with females being at a higher risk than males. -
Floodplain Deposits, Channel Changes and Riverbank Stratigraphy of the Mekong River Area at the 14Th-Century City of Chiang Saen, Northern Thailand
Boise State University ScholarWorks Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of Geosciences 10-15-2008 Floodplain Deposits, Channel Changes and Riverbank Stratigraphy of the Mekong River Area at the 14th-Century City of Chiang Saen, Northern Thailand. Spencer H. Wood Boise State University Alan D. Ziegler University of Hawaii Manoa Tharaporn Bundarnsin Chiang Mai University This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. © 2009, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Geomorphology, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.030 Published article: Wood, S.H., Ziegler, A.D., and Bundarnsin, T., 2008. Floodplain deposits, channel changes and riverbank stratigraphy of the Mekong River area at the 14th-Century city of Chiang Saen, Northern Thailand. Geomorphology, 101, 510-523. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.030. Floodplain deposits, channel changes and riverbank stratigraphy of the Mekong River area at the 14th-Century city of Chiang Saen, Northern Thailand. Spencer. H. Wood a,*, Alan D. Zieglerb, Tharaporn Bundarnsinc a Department Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA b Geography Department, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA c Dept. Geological Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200 *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract the active strike-slip Mae Chan fault has formed Riverbank stratigraphy and paleochannel the upstream 2-5-km wide floodplain at Chiang patterns of the Mekong River at Chiang Saen Saen, and downstream has diverted the river into provide a geoarchaeological framework to a broad S-shaped loop in the otherwise straight explore for evidence of Neolithic, Bronze-age, course of the river. -
A Comparative Study of Muang-Fai Systems in Thailand and Vietnam1
Dynamics of water tenure and management among Thai groups in highland Southeast Asia: A comparative study of muang-fai systems in 1 Thailand and Vietnam Andreas Neef, Peter Elstner and Jörg Hager The Uplands Program (SFB 564) – University of Hohenheim, Thailand Office c/o Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Community-based water management systems for irrigation have been extensively described for the lowlands of Thailand and Vietnam as participatory, sustainable and fairly equitable water allocation institutions. Much less is known about the structure and dynamics of the so- called muang-fai systems of different Thai groups in highland areas. Muang-fai irrigation systems of Thai communities in Thailand and Vietnam share the same long-standing tradition and consist of a sophisticated network of canals (muang) and weirs (fai). The impact of the markedly different political and economic developments in the past decades on community- based water management, however, has induced diverging trajectories of the systems in the two countries. The objectives of this paper are to present the complexity of water rights and to analyze the dynamics in tenure systems and the driving forces behind changes in water management. The study is based on in-depth surveys conducted between 2002 and 2005 in a Thai market- oriented village in Mae Rim district, Chiang Mai province, a subsistence-oriented Shan village in Pang Ma Pha district, Mae Hong Son province, both in Thailand, and a subsistence- oriented Black Thai village in Yen Chau district, Son La province of Vietnam. -
This NEWSLETTER Is Edited
[This version: 26 April 1995] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This NEWSLETTER is edited by Gehan Wijeyewardene and published in the Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies; printed at Central Printery; the masthead is by Susan Wigham of Graphic Design (all of The Australian National University).The logo is from a water colour , 'Tai women fishing' by Kang Huo. Material in this NEWSLETTER may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement. Correspondence is welcome and contributions will be given sympathetic consideration. (All correspondence to The Editor, Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies, ANU, PO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.) No. 28 Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter March 1995 NUMBER TWENTY-EIGHT MARCH 1995 ISSN 1032-500X Introduction: Seminar on Local and Regional Trade in Mainland Southeast Asia Gehan Wijeyewardene The Thai-Yunnan Project held a one-day seminar on 20 January on the above topic, mainly as a means of bringing together a number of students and other researchers working on topics relating to trade in the region. Major emphasis was given to trade across national boundaries. In November 1992 the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University held a seminar on the topic Karn kha chai daen (Border trade). It was an important occasion as not only the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prasong Soonsri, gave a paper, but many officials from a variety of government departments. Two important points made by Prasong, were the concern for economic security and the nature of border crossings which divide Thailand's relations into two categories - first with Burma and Laos and second with Cambodia and Malaysia. -
Secret War in Laos - Time of Remembrance Project Elk Grove Unified School District
Slideshow Talking Points - Secret War in Laos - Time of Remembrance Project Elk Grove Unified School District Slide 1 We are often asked: “What are all these Hmong and Mien immigrants doing here in Elk Grove?” But an “immigrant” is someone who choses to leave his/her homeland .A refugee is someone forced to leave his/her homeland because of war, political persecution and/or religious or ethnic intolerance. The Hmong and Mien are refugees of a Secret War in Laos, a little known … chapter of the Vietnam War years. Slide 2 The Geneva Accord of 1962 recognized the neutrality of Laos and forbade the presence of military personnel in the country. Fourteen nations signed the Accord, including the U.S. and North Vietnam. Play clip. Nixon - “There are no American combat forces in Laos. We have been providing logistical support and some training for the neutralist government in order to avoid Laos falling under Communist domination. As far as American manpower in Laos is concerned, there are none there at the present time on a combat basis.” Slide 3 But we were there. In fact, the largest paramilitary operations ever undertaken by the CIA took place in Laos .Much like the Mel Gibson/Robert Downey Jr. movie Air America, the CIA recruited pilots, who upon arriving at the U.S. Embassy in Vientiane, were issued embassy IDs and told to switch out of military attire into civilian clothing. From Vientiane, they headed to remote mountain areas such as the tiny village of Long Cheng (Tieng) and its airstrip, which rapidly became one of the busiest airstrips in the world - but did not exist on any map. -
The Geneva Reports
The Geneva Reports Risk and Insurance Research www.genevaassociation.org Extreme events and insurance: 2011 annus horribilis edited by Christophe Courbage and Walter R. Stahel No. 5 Marc h 2012 The Geneva Association (The International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics The Geneva Association is the leading international insurance think tank for strategically important insurance and risk management issues. The Geneva Association identifies fundamental trends and strategic issues where insurance plays a substantial role or which influence the insurance sector. Through the development of research programmes, regular publications and the organisation of international meetings, The Geneva Association serves as a catalyst for progress in the understanding of risk and insurance matters and acts as an information creator and disseminator. It is the leading voice of the largest insurance groups worldwide in the dialogue with international institutions. In parallel, it advances—in economic and cultural terms—the development and application of risk management and the understanding of uncertainty in the modern economy. The Geneva Association membership comprises a statutory maximum of 90 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) from the world’s top insurance and reinsurance companies. It organises international expert networks and manages discussion platforms for senior insurance executives and specialists as well as policy-makers, regulators and multilateral organisations. The Geneva Association’s annual General Assembly is the most prestigious gathering of leading insurance CEOs worldwide. Established in 1973, The Geneva Association, officially the “International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics”, is based in Geneva, Switzerland and is a non-profit organisation funded by its members. Chairman: Dr Nikolaus von Bomhard, Chairman of the Board of Management, Munich Re, Munich. -
The Archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong: the Agriculture of Late Prehistoric Southern Thailand (Volume 1)
The Archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong: The Agriculture of Late Prehistoric Southern Thailand (Volume 1) Cristina Castillo Institute of Archaeology University College London Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of University College London 2013 Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation consists of original work undertaken by the undersigned. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged. Cristina Castillo October 2013 Institute of Archaeology, UCL 2 Abstract The Thai-Malay Peninsula lies at the heart of Southeast Asia. Geographically, the narrowest point is forty kilometres and forms a barrier against straightforward navigation from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and vice versa. This would have either led vessels to cabotage the southernmost part of the peninsula or portage across the peninsula to avoid circumnavigating. The peninsula made easy crossing points strategic locations commercially and politically. Early movements of people along exchange routes would have required areas for rest, ports, repair of boats and replenishment of goods. These feeder stations may have grown to become entrepôts and urban centres. This study investigates the archaeobotany of two sites in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong. Khao Sam Kaeo is located on the east whereas Phu Khao Thong lies on the west of the peninsula and both date to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. 400-100 BC). Khao Sam Kaeo has been identified as the earliest urban site from the Late Prehistoric period in Southeast Asia engaged in trans-Asiatic exchange networks. -
Northern Thailand
© Lonely Planet Publications 339 Northern Thailand The first true Thai kingdoms arose in northern Thailand, endowing this region with a rich cultural heritage. Whether at the sleepy town of Lamphun or the famed ruins of Sukhothai, the ancient origins of Thai art and culture can still be seen. A distinct Thai culture thrives in northern Thailand. The northerners are very proud of their local customs, considering their ways to be part of Thailand’s ‘original’ tradition. Look for symbols displayed by northern Thais to express cultural solidarity: kàlae (carved wooden ‘X’ motifs) on house gables and the ubiquitous sêua mâw hâwm (indigo-dyed rice-farmer’s shirt). The north is also the home of Thailand’s hill tribes, each with their own unique way of life. The region’s diverse mix of ethnic groups range from Karen and Shan to Akha and Yunnanese. The scenic beauty of the north has been fairly well preserved and has more natural for- est cover than any other region in Thailand. It is threaded with majestic rivers, dotted with waterfalls, and breathtaking mountains frame almost every view. The provinces in this chapter have a plethora of natural, cultural and architectural riches. Enjoy one of the most beautiful Lanna temples in Lampang Province. Explore the impressive trekking opportunities and the quiet Mekong river towns of Chiang Rai Province. The exciting hairpin bends and stunning scenery of Mae Hong Son Province make it a popular choice for trekking, river and motorcycle trips. Home to many Burmese refugees, Mae Sot in Tak Province is a fascinating frontier town. -
Negotiating the Borderscape: Statelessness, Migration, and Livelihoods in Northern Thailand
Flaim & Williams Proposal to PAA Negotiating the Borderscape: Statelessness, Migration, and Livelihoods in Northern Thailand This research will examine the impact of statelessness on migration patterns and livelihood outcomes among rural ethnicity communities in northern Thailand. Data are derived from an innovative and unique survey of over 300 highland minority villages located along the Burma border, an area characterized by extensive internal and international boundary making, both geographically and in terms of unequal provision of Thai citizenship. Employing multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine differential propensities to move given citizenship status as well as ethnicity, sex, marital status and other salient factors, the research will engage micro- level theories of migration as a household livelihood strategy with structural considerations of how state-mandated political categories of citizenship shape individual and family migration behavior. Findings will shed light on differential limitations of migration as a rural livelihood strategy as well as the growing importance—yet largely overlooked—consideration of legal status in studies of modern inequality. In analyzing the effect of statelessness on migration propensity and livelihood outcomes in the highland context of northern Thailand, the following sub-questions will be addressed: 1) Does statelessness have a direct and/or indirect effect on the propensity of highlanders to migrate? Specifically, (how) does legal status—from statelessness to citizenship—relate -
Interview with Lee Pao Xiong
Concordia University St. Paul DigitalCommons@CSP Hmong Oral History Project Hmong Studies 12-7-2006 Interview with Lee Pao Xiong Mai Neng Vang Concordia University - Saint Paul Paul Hillmer Concordia University, Saint Paul, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csp.edu/hmong-studies_hohp Part of the Oral History Commons Recommended Citation Vang, Mai Neng and Hillmer, Paul, "Interview with Lee Pao Xiong" (2006). Hmong Oral History Project. 34. https://digitalcommons.csp.edu/hmong-studies_hohp/34 This Oral History is brought to you for free and open access by the Hmong Studies at DigitalCommons@CSP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hmong Oral History Project by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lee Pao Xiong Interviewer (Parts 1 & 2 – December 7, 2005)/Transcriber/Editor: Paul Hillmer Interviewer (Part 3 – February 9, 2006): Mai Neng Vang 1 Born in Long Tieng, Laos in 1966, Lee Pao Xiong lived with his father, who had already been recruited into the 2 Hmong army at age 12. His mother and grandparents lived nearby. After the fall of Long Tieng in May 1975, 3 Xiong and his family spent more than a year in Thai refugee camps before migrating to the United States in 1976. 4 Settling first in Indiana, his family moved to the Twin Cities in 1979. Xiong earned a B.S. in Political Science from 5 the University of Minnesota, an M.A. from Hamline University, and is currently pursuing his Ph.D. He has held a 6 variety of important positions, including: Executive Director of Hmong-American Partnership; Executive Director, 7 State Council on Asian-Pacific Minnesotans; Director, Government & Community Relations, Concordia University; 8 President & CEO, Urban Coalition.