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TÉMOIGNAGE 1) Longues Durées 3 2) Archéologie 4 3) Période Ancienne 5 4) Période Moderne 5 5) Période Contemporaine 7 6) Mémoires; Témoignage 9

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TÉMOIGNAGE 1) Longues Durées 3 2) Archéologie 4 3) Période Ancienne 5 4) Période Moderne 5 5) Période Contemporaine 7 6) Mémoires; Témoignage 9 1993-2002 CHAPITRE 3 1993-2002 1) HISTOIRE; TÉMOIGNAGE 1) Longues durées 3 2) Archéologie 4 3) Période ancienne 5 4) Période moderne 5 5) Période contemporaine 7 6) Mémoires; Témoignage 9 2) POPULATION 1) Démographie 11 2) Enfants; Jeunes 12 3) Femmes; Genre 13 4) Déplacés; Réfugiés; Migrants 15 5) Ethnicité 19 6) Régions orientales 23 3 AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONNEMENT 1) Foncier 25 2) Agriculture 25 3) Agronomie 26 4) Élevage 28 5) Caféiculture 29 6) Sylviculture 31 7) Géographie 32 8) Flore; Faune 34 4 ÉCONOMIE 1) Développement; Économie 37 2) Finances; Taxation 42 3) Urbanisation 42 4) Santé Publique 44 5 POLITIQUE NATIONALE 1) Politique; Conflits 50 2) Peacebuilding; Réconciliation 63 !1 1993-2002 6 POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE 1) Aide 68 2) Regional: Grands Lacs; Central/Eastern Africa 69 3) International: Belgique; France; South-Africa; et al. 73 4) NGOs; Humanitaire 75 5) Union Européenne 78 6) United Nations 79 7) OAU/AU 7 DROIT 1) Droit; Justice 81 2) Bashingantahe 83 3) Droits de l’homme 86 8 SOCIÉTÉ 1) Culture 90 2) Education 91 3) Médias; Internet 94 4) Religions; Églises 95 5) Varia 98 9 LANGUES, LITTÉRATURE, ARTS 1) Linguistique 101 2) Littérature 103 Critique littéraire 103 Conte; Proverbe 104 Nouvelles 104 Poésie 105 Roman 105 Bande desssinée 105 3) Art; Musique 105 !2 1993-2002 1 HISTOIRE 1) Longues durées Ben Hammouda, Hakim, Burundi: histoire économique et politique d’un conflit, Paris: L’Harmattan, 1995, 203 p. Carbone, Carlo, “L’Unesco per la storia del Burundi: Una conferenza internazionale a Nairobi”, Africa, 54-3, 1999, pp. 392-397. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre, Burundi, l'histoire retrouvée: 25 ans de métier d’historien en Afrique1, Paris: Karthala 1993: “Le Burundi entre les voix du passé, les drames du présent et les clichés médiatiques: métier d’historien et quiproquos de l’‘Afrique traditionelle’”, pp. 7-16; “Les arbres et les rois”, pp. 19-32; “Les variantes dans les sources orales: un exemple dans les récits d’origine”, pp. 33-44; “Le mwami Ntare: le héros fondateur d’une protonation”, pp. 45-57; “Roi, religion et lignages dans l’Afrique des Grands Lacs”, pp. 59-78; “Les années de l’éleusine, du sorgho et du haricot: écologie et idéologie”, pp. 79-103; “Le cycle de l’histoire de Maconco (1899-1905): naissance d’un conte et résistance morale”, pp. 107-120; “La crise écologique de la plaine du lac Tanganyika entre 1890 et 1916”, pp. 121-162; “Le commerce du sel de l’Uvinza au XIXe siècle: de la cueillette au monopole capitaliste”, pp. 163-188; “Féodalité ou féodalisation sous le Mandat belge”, pp 189-217; “Une révolte au Burundi en 1934: les racines traditionnalistes de l’hostilité à la colonisation”, pp. 219-274; “Des sédentaires devenus migrants: les départs des Burundais et des Rwandais vers l’Ouganda (1920-1960)”, pp. 275-310; “Les identités hutu et tutsi: perspectives historiques et manipulations politiques”, pp. 313-334; “‘Vrais’ et ‘faux’ Nègres: l’idéologie hamitique”, pp. 335-342; “Du Hirsute au Hamite: les variations du cycle de Ntare Rushatsi, fondateur du royaume”, pp. 343-378; “Les traditionnistes lettrés du Burundi à l’école des bibliothèques missionnaires (1940-1960)”, pp. 379-402; “La crise de 1972: exigence et difficultés du témoignage”, pp. 417-422; “Les massacres de 1972”, pp. 423-432; “Les fratricides légitimés”, pp. 433-446; “Les années 1960 et 1970: des luttes de factions à l’obsession du massacre”, pp. 447-458; “Eglise et État sous la IIe République: un Kulturkampf à l’africaine?”, pp. 459-472; “La crise d’août 1988: témoignages des paysans de Ntega et de Marangara”, pp. 473-480; 1 Les chapitres de Burundi, l’histoire retrouvée sont pour la plupart des articles publiés précédemment par Jean- Pierre Chrétien. Ils sont cités individuellement, dans leur publication originelle, dans le chapitre 2 (1962-1992). !3 1993-2002 “La démocratisation face aux intégrismes ethniques, au Rwanda et au Burundi”, pp. 481-492; “Bibliographie complémentaire de l’auteur sur le Burundi et la région des Grands Lacs”, pp. 493-496. [Publications de J.-P. Chrétien, 1967-1993] Chrétien, Jean-Pierre, L’Afrique des Grands Lacs: deux mille ans d’histoire, Paris: Flammarion, 2000, 411 p. (cf. Idem, The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History, New York: Zone Books, 2006, 506 p.) Eggers, Ellen, Historical dictionary of Burundi, Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press, 1997, [2006], 222 p. [Revised edition of Weinstein, Warren, Historical dictionary of Burundi, 1976.] Gahama, Joseph, “Les hauts lieux d’inscription des traditions et de la modernité au Burundi”, in Chrétien, Jean-Pierre; Triaud, Jean-Louis (ed), Histoire d’Afrique: les enjeux de mémoire, Paris: Karthala, 1999, pp. 197-210. Laely, Thomas, Autorität und Staat in Burundi, Berlin: D. Reimer, 1995, 542 p. (cf. Idem, Thèse de Doctorat, Zürich Universität, 1991). Trouwborst, Albert, “Ruanda en Burundi: historische achtergronden”, Internationale spectator: Tijdschrift voor internationale politiek, 48-7/8, 1994, pp. 345-348. 2) Archéologie Bonnefille, R.; et al. “Glacial/Interglacial record from intertropical Africa, high resolution pollen and carbon data at Rusaka, Burundi”, Quaternary Science Reviews,14-9, 1995, pp. 917-936. de Maret, Pierre, “Archaeological research, site protection, and employment generation: Central African perspectives”, in Serageldin, Ismail; Taboroff, June (eds), Culture and development in Africa, Environmentally Sustainable Development Proceedings Series, n° 1, Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994, p. 371-386. Hesse, Albert; Vignati-Pagis, Elizabeth, “Prospections géophysiques de sites archéologiques de métallurgie du fer dans la région centre du Burundi”, Nyame Akuma, 48, 1997, pp. 2-10. Stewart, Kearsley, “Iron Age ceramic studies in Great Lakes eastern Africa: a critical and historiographical review”, African Archaeological Review, 11-1, 1993, pp. 21-37. Van Grunderbeek, Marie-Claude; Roche, Emile; Doutrelepont, Hughes, “Un type de fourneau de fonte de fer associé à la culture Urewe (âge du fer ancien) au Rwanda et au Burundi”, Mediterranean Archaeology, 14, 2001, pp. 271-297. Vignati-Pagis, Elizabeth, Du fourneau à la fosse: changements techniques dans la métallurgie du fer au Burundi au cours des deux derniers millénaires: approche ethnographique, archéologique et historique, Thèse de doctorat, Université de Paris 1-Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1995, 504 p. !4 1993-2002 Vignati-Pagis, E.; Hesse, A., “Prospections géophysiques de sites archéologiques de métallurgie du fer dans la région centre du Burundi”, Nyame akuma: A Newsletter of African Archaeology, 48, 1997, pp. 2-10. 3) Période ancienne Allovio, Stefano, “Alla fine ci furono le selve: potere, cultura e natura nell’antico regno del Burundi”, Africa, 49-3, 1994, pp. 352-374. Allovio, Stefano, Burundi: identità, etnie e potere nella storia di un antico regno, Torino: Il Segnalibro, 1997, 178 p. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre, “Les capitales royales de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs peuvent-elles être considérées comme des villes?”, Journal des Africanistes, 74-1/2, 2002, pp. 277-298. Mafaje, Archie, Kingdoms of the Great Lakes region: Ethnography of African social formations, Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1998, 150 p. Moffa, Claudio, “Les conflits interethniques au Rwanda et au Burundi précoloniaux: pour une critique marxiste de l’anthropologie “déconstructiviste”, Studia africana (Centre d'Estudis Africans, Barcelona), 8, 1997, pp. 119-142. Mworoha, Emile, “Burundi et Rwanda: des origines du peuplement à la constitution des États monarchiques”, Esope: Études sociales, politiques, économiques, 16-502, 1995, pp. 13-18. Niyonkuru, Laurence, “Royal and Funeral Trees in Burundi”, in National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, African Cultural Heritage and the World Heritage Convention: First Global Strategy Meeting, Harare (11-13 October 1995), Harare: National Museums, 1995, pp. 59-64. Nsanze, Augustin; préf. d’Albert Trouwborst, Le Burundi ancien: l'économie du pouvoir de 1875 à 1920, Paris: L'Harmattan, 2001, 350 p. Sutton, J., “The antecedents of the interlacustrine kingdoms”, Journal of African history, 34-1, 1993, pp. 33-64. Schoenbrun, David, “We are what we eat: ancient agriculture between the Great Lakes” Journal of African history, 34-1, 1993, pp. 1-31. Ventura, Albert Farré, “La monarquia feudal i els regnes tradicionals de Rwanda i Burundi: poders, conflictes i cultures”, Studia africana, 10, 1999, 179-190. Wagner, Michele, “Trade and Commercial Attitudes in Burundi Before the Nineteenth Century”, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 26-1, 1993, pp. 149-166. 4) Période moderne Carbone, Carlo, “Nazione, nazionalisti, decolonizzazione in Burundi 1958-1963”, Africa, 55-1, 2000, pp. 1-52. !5 1993-2002 Delorme, Olivier; Gaud, Michel, “Chronologie politique du Burundi (1898-1996)”, Afrique contemporaine, 179, 1996, pp. 63-78. Deslaurier, Christine, Un monde politique en mutation: le Burundi à la veille de l'indépendance (circa 1956-1961), Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris 1-Panthéon Sorbonne, 2002, 4 vol., 1420 p. Deslaurier, Christine, “Du nouveau pour l’histoire politique du Burundi à la veille de l’indépendance (1958-1961): la documentation secrète de la Sûreté”, Cahiers du CRA, 9, 1998, pp. 3-4. Duarte, Mary, “Education in Ruanda-Urundi, 1946-61”, The Historian, 57-2, 1995, pp. 275-284. Feltz, Gaétan; Bidou, Jean-Étienne, “La famine manori au Burundi 1943-1944”, Revue française d’histoire d’Outre-mer, 81-304, 1994, pp. 265-304. Feltz, Gaétan, “La colonisation belge sous l’œil inquisiteur des événements du Rwanda, du Burundi et du Congo/Zaïre”, Outre-Mers: Revue d’histoire, 321, 1998, pp. 43-63. Gahama, Joseph, Les mutations politiques dans une société africaine: le Burundi au XXe siècle, Thèse de Doctorat, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne/Université du Burundi, 1996, 658 p. Ghislain, Jean; préface d’Édouard Henniquiau, L’Arrivée des Européens au Burundi, Ramegnies-Chin: Imprimerie Saint-Luc, 1994, 102 p. Gihugu, Damase, Ubuzima bw’umuganwa Ludoviko Rwagasore n’ukwikukira kw’Uburundi, 1932-1961, Bujumbura: Presses Lavigerie, 1999, 304 p. [Vie du muganwa Louis Rwagasore et indépendance du Burundi] Luxen, Jean, Dipenda: Congo Belge, Ruanda, Urundi: événements de 1960 vécus par un para, Erpe: De Krijger, 2001, 209 p.
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