96 THE EAGLE . THE EAGLE

� I.QttQacQt 1.Q1.1.Q1 l.Q1c1tcQtcbtf.(/hf.Q1 cbt to't c.()'t '" cQt� I.Q1 eb't""" � COLLEGE AWARDS .,pt.,pt &Q'I.,pt tbtlbtc.QJcg.tQt No. 223 VOL. LI June 1939 � l.Q1 cQt cQt following awards were made on the results of the &Q'Ic.()'Ic.()'Ic.()'I&Q'I�cQtc.QJl.Q1f.(/hcQt l.Q1f.(/hcQtf.(/hl.Q1l.Q1c.()'tcQt c.()'tf.(/h l.Q1c.QJtQt�"' � THE Annual Entrance Scholarships Examination, December 1938:

Major Scholarships: Read, A. H., Marlborough College, for Mathematics (Baylis Scholar- ship). Goldie, A. W., Wolverhampton Grammar School, for Mathematics. Charlesworth, G. R, Penis tone Grammar School, for Mathematics. Brough, J., Edinburgh University, for Classics. Howorth, R H., Manchester Grammar School, fo r Classics (Patchett Scholarship ). THE COMMEMORATION SERMON Freeman, E. J., King Edward VI School, Birmingham, for Classics. Crook, J. A., Dulwich College, for Classics. By THE MASTER, Sunday, 7 May 1939 Hereward, H. G., King Edward VI School, Birmingham, for Natural Sciences. T from the will of the Lady Robinson, R E., Battersea Grammar School, for History. me begin with a sentence Lapworth, H. J., King Edward VI School, Birmingham, for Modern Margaret: Languages. I "Be it remembered that it was also the last will of the said Minor Scholarships: princess to dissolve the hospital of Saint John in Cambridge Jones, R P. N., Manchester Grammar School, for Mathematics. persons, Bell, W. R G., Bradford Grammar School, for Mathematics. and to alter and to found thereof a College of secular Ferguson, J" Bishop's Stortford College, for Classics. that is to say a Master and fifty scholars with divers servants Willmore, P. L., Worthing High School, for Natural Sciences. and sufficiently to endow Mordell, D. L., Manchester Grammar School, for Natural Sciences. and new to build the said College Hutchinson, G. W., Abergele County School, for Natural Sciences. the same with lands and tenements after the manner and form Sutherland, I., Manchester Grammar School, for Natural Sciences. of other Colleges in Cambridge." Krause, E. S., Royal Grammar School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, for History. These are thewords which record the purpose of the Lady found this College. She died before the arrange­ Exhibitions: Margaret to ments were complete, and when the Archbishop of Canter­ Christie, A. K, Southend High School, for Mathematics. end this Pelling, H. M., Birkenhead School, for Classics. bury granted probate of her will, he wrote at the Morgan, J. R, Kingswood School, for Natural Sciences. memorandum of her intentions. Her purpose would not have Walker, D. C., Lincoln School, for History. man whose name follows hers on the Hunter, B. V., Royal Academical Institution, Belfast, for English. been fulfilled but for the Thompson, E. C., Wirral Grammar School, Bebington, for Modern roll call of our benefactors-John Fisher. He was the Chan­ Languages. cellor of the University, intent on its service, and for ten years Johmon Exhibition: he had been the Lady Margaret's counsellor. She possessed Reid, I. C., Oakham School, for Classics. great wealth and, as the King's mother, held a great position. But her youth had been passed in peril and anxiety until her son returned from exile to win the crown. Those anxious years remained an indelible memory, and her mature life was devoted to charity and religion. She had, wrote Fisher, CAMBRIDGE; PRINTED BY WALTER LEWIS, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS nobleness of blood, of manners and of nature; she was ELl 7 98 THE EAGLE THE COMMEMORATION SERMON 99 needs of the bounteous and liberal to every person of her knowledge or was a society, capable of supplying the great endowments gave acquaintance. His influence diverted to Cambridge the student world. To the poorer graduate its protected its generous flowof her charity. The schools of learning, he told the opportunity of completing his education. It and her, are meanly endowed; the provisions for scholars are very members from the exorbitant landlord and tradesman, them the few and small; and colleges yet wanting for their maintenance. imposed on them a scholarly discipline. It gave She had at heart the interests of religion and learning. Right strength of a common purpose and the inspiration of a social studious, he says, she was in books, which she had in great life. It brought rule and order and a new idealism into the number, both in English and French, and for her exercise and tumult of the University town. for the profit of others she did translate divers matters of So the idea of the college took root, and as one college devotion out of the French into English. In the University, succeeded another in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, where men were trained to the service of Church and State, they took on a common form and character. The loyalty and the interests of religion and learning were joined. . So she affection of their members gave them ·strength. Free to accepted his advice: she refounded our sister College of control their own affairs, they acquired unity and traditions. Christ's; and the last and greatest object she designed was the In the management of the property on which their livelihood foundation of this College. Fisher had inspired the project depended each little society was united by the strong bond and in the end was left to realise it. Faithful to her memory, of material interest. Step by step they evolved the archi­ he overcame all difficulties and achieved their common tectural plan of the college-the closed court, with its com­ pllrpose. plement of buildings, hall, chapel, library, and chambers for "After the manner and form of other Colleges in Cam­ its members; and the social form-master, fellows, scholars bridge": When Fisher, after infinite labour, opened the and servants. They had begun as small bodies of graduate College in 1516, it was no novel conception that he brought scholars, living and working together under a rule, but, as into the University. For more than two centuries colleges they grew in strength, they enlarged their functions. They had been springing up in Cambridge, and twelve foundations, opened their doors to younger students, and the college in a line extending from Peterhouse to King's Hall and became a teaching body, which supplemented for its members beyond, showed that the collegiate system had come to stay. the formal instruction of the University. Already it flourished, and was to flourish more in succeeding This great change in our system of education was not centuries. What gave the colleges their vitality? What was the imposed from above; it was brought about by individual secret of their success? initiative and established itself on its merits. The means for Their beginnings had been very humble-little buildings it were provided by the founders and benefactors whom each tucked away among taverns and shops in mean streets, not to college holds in proud remembrance. Rather than endow the be compared with the fine houses which the Orders of Friars monasteries, wrote one, it is more meet a great deal that we had built for their students in Cambridge. Their members should have care to provide for the increase of learning and for were very few among the multitude of boys and men who such as also by their learning shall do good in the Church and lodged in the hostels or lived in the monastic houses. But the Commonwealth. To the pioneers of the Christian Renais­ future was with them ; for these little corporations were �ance, education was the means to cleanse society from charged with a new power and a new ideal, and on them the �gnorance and wrong. They created in the college a new hopes of educational reformers were fixed. To the outward Instrument for the purpose. In this tradition our great fo eye only a lodging house, the college in its nature and life unders stand. 7-2 100 THE EAGLE THE COMMEMORAT ION SERMON 101 were swallowed up by the Thus Fisher had quite clear in his mind what he wanted suppressed, and the hostels to were gathered within college do, and his statutes for the College, with a few develop­ colleges, and all the students members a ments, reproduced the familiar institution in which his hopes walls. Henceforward the colleges offered their life of the moral progress of England were placed. He founded a broader experience and education. In the early colleges class, seeking a society, a College of Scholars, and in the quaint language of was very simple, the inmates were a picked the early statutes he conceived of the society as a living body. professional training as clergy and lawyers, and their number to This society was to be closely bound together in its moral and very small. But when the colleges opened their doors students material interests, its life was centred in mutual education, and pensioners and fellows commoners, the professional its purpose was to send forth men for the service and honour of were mingled with others who desired a University life for the the State. its general advantages. The variety already existing in And since the Lady Margaret had particularly at heart the University was brought into the college. College life lost needs of the poorer student, a preference was given to something in unity, but it gained in fullness and breadth, and scholars from the more northern counties, then reckoned the with the fusion of these differentelements acquired its unique poorest in the kingdom, and thus was emphasized the motive character. that runs through all collegiate history from its beginning. Fisher was much disappointed in the endowment he was The College would serve the nation best if it opened the door able to secure for the College. Though something was done of opportunity where it was most needed. in deference to the Lady Margaret's wish, the new king took Fisher set out in lavish detail the rules which were to her estates as heir-at-1aw. The College would thus have beel\. govern the daily conduct and manner of education of the but a small college, and not the great foundation of which society. He had been a fellow of one college, the head of two, Fisher had dreamed, had not he given generously himself, and visitor of a third, and he knew the life of which he wrote and had not his work been followed up by the long line of the rules. benefactors whose names we remember to-day. While he built firmly on the existing tradition, "after the Ours is indeed a house built and adornedby many hands. manner and form of other Colleges", he encouraged in his You have heard the names of our benefactors-names famous new foundations significant developments, and provided for in England's history, and names none but ourselves would the expansion of college life to greater usefulness and power. call to mind. How many ranks of society, how many pro­ He introduced new subjects to be taught in the College, and fessions are represented in that list-noble ladies, ministers he opened the door to students not on the foundation. of state, bishops and judges, many clergy of all ranks, Lecturers were to be appointed in Hebrew and Greek, as well physicians, lawyers, London merchants, farmers and landed as Philosophy and Mathematics. Thus the College became a gentry. Most of them were members of the College, grateful centre of educational initiative, and rose quickly to fame in for benefits received, or anxious to leave some memorial of promoting the New Learning. themselves in a place endeared by memory. Their gifts were The admission of students other than scholars, in which as various in kind and amount as their means and interests­ Fisher's own colleges were leading the way, completed the land, houses, money, advowsons, the patronage of newly great revolution in University life which the collegiate system f�unded schools, rare books and manuscripts, furnishings, had brought. Down to the early sixteenth century the rctures, jewels and plate. Many gave money to found majority of men still lived in the hostels or the monastic ellowships and scholarships in the College; some to establish houses, but within the next fifty years the monasteries were a lectureship or studentship; others, remembering the hard- 103 102 THE EAGLE THE COMMEMORAT ION SERMON ships of a life they had shared, would increase the commons Yet are we more than tenants here. For the true treasure of its foundation, of poor scholars and sizars ; still others would benefit their of the College is that original purpose native town or county, their.kindred or their old school, with made stronger or weaker by its fulfilment in each generation, power of some emolument attached to the College, and numbers gave to uphold and extend the humane and fruitful for the enlargement and embellishment of the buildings. Thus knowledge in the life of mankind. The forms of our existence they endowed the College with its possessions, its many local change, the medium in which we work is differentfrom age to connections ; they added court to court and gave strength to age. But the spirit of man remains the same, his needs and a society dedicated to education and learning. hopes the same, and the purpose transmitted to us the same. Through each succeeding age the College showed its power And as long as we are faithful to that purpose, so long may to excite the loyalty of its members. To Lord Burghley it was we in humble duty commemorate our benefactors ; and so his "old nurse ", his "beloved College ". "I still carry about long, I think, will the sons of this house, wherever they may with me", wrote Lord Falkland, "an indelible character of go, turn their faces towards it in grateful memory and fervent affection and duty to that Society, and an extraordinary hope. longing for some occasion of expressing that affection and that duty." Most of our benefactors had received before they gave. They knew what they had received and for what they THE COLLEGE BOYS' CLUB gave. Many were not in residence ; some perhaps had not T returned here since their College days, but the loyalty is very difficult, at the present time, to say anything awakened still burned. Here where they had made the first about the Club without first mentioning its financial independent choices in life, where they had felt the springing Idifficulties. In the first place, when the lease of the main of ambition, the joy of friendship, they would be remembered. club building in Westland Place expires in October, the They sought to benefit their fellow students in the society to premises will come up for sale and we shall be faced with two which they belonged. They sought to preserve its influence to alternatives. Either we must reconcile ourselves to running succeeding generations, to maintain here a society bound to a two clubs, a senior and a junior, in what is now the senior great purpose. So from age to age was the College strengthened club and residents' house, or we must try and raise enough by the faith and generosity of its sons. To them it owes its money to buy the Westland Place building. To run both inextinguishable vitality and expanding power. clubs in the same building would be possible but most un­ Four centuries in their passing have gone to the making of satisfactory from a club point of view, since the accommoda­ our material and spiritual home. Each generation has added tion would be inadequate, and it would also entail reducing something-some more, some less-in the long process of the number of residents. To buy the Westland Place building growth which has equipped the society for its work of educa­ we shall need about £1300, of which we have already been tion, religion, learning and research. Thus we are rich to-day promised £350; there is no doubt that this is by far the more in our inheritance. We are endowed with famous buildings satisfactory alternative. We have not only to raise this large and all the means of promoting knowledge. We tread sum but since there has been such a serious drop in sub­ Ground where the grass has yielded to the feet scr�ptions in the last few years, we must either findsome way Of generations of illustrious men. of Increasing our income and make drastic alterations in the We inherit traditions, duties, interests, memories, hopes, running of the Club which will reduce our expenditure or which are the mould and pattern of our life. else we must close down altogether. 104 THE EAGLE This state of uncertainty makes the running of the Club very difficult. It is heartrending to hear boys talking of what we are going to do next year, of the grand football team we a�e going to have, and of how we are going to get into the finalscM ST JOHN'S COLLEGE BOYS' CLUB the Federation Boxing Competition, and to know that next year they may not have a club at all. However, we pretend that nothing is wrong and try to carry on much the same as subscription I enclose as a usual. donation The winter is always the busiest time in a club, and this one general funds to the Club for the has been no exception. The junior club has had a membership purchase of the Westland Place building of about forty and we have been able to run two football teams throughout the season. The " gym ", too, has been used to its (Please strike out words that do not apply) fullest extent, and every night during the busiest months fifteen to twenty boys would be busily training there. Now that summer is here we try and keep out in the fresh air as Name ...... ·.·.. ······.. ···.. · ...... much as possible. Two nights the whole Club goes round to the playgrou. nd of a nearby school where we play our own ...... ·· ...... particular brands of tennis and cricket, and nearly every Address week-end parties of boys cycle out into the country to camp. At Easter and Whitsun there were camping expeditions to the warden's caravan, and now we are all looking forward to the main club camp in August. During the winter we have tried to introduce hobbies of various kinds into the Club, and one evening a week has been set aside for that purpose. The experiment has not been an unqualified success, but we have Please return this form to the Senior Treasurer, The College succeeded in stimulating some interest in drawing and paint­ Boys' Club, St John's College. Cheques should be made ing and also in photography. During the summer the art payable to ST master has promised to take parties of boys out into the JOHN'S COLLEGE MISSION. country to paint. The senior club has also had a fairly active year. Its foot­ [There is a form of banker's order overleaf] ball team was chosen to represent the Islington League in the Touche Cup and was only defeated in the semi-final. The Club has also run a number of successful dances and whist drives, and is now busy playing cricket and camping at the week-ends. A mere summary of the Club's activities gives a very poor picture of what it is really doing. In order to understand the boy and his needs it is essential to have some knowledge of THE COLLEGE BOYS' CLUB 107

his home conditions and of the environment in which he has been reared ; only when one knows something of the kind of ST JOHN'S COLLEGE BOYS' CLUB influences that have been brought to bear on a boy can one seek to counteract those detrimental to his character. One has not only to know something of a boy's background, but ...... 1939 one should also be able to help him with any problems that may arise in his work or anything else that concerns his daily life. He should be able to look to the Club for help, recreation � To Messrs ...... and exercise, and it should at t e same time supply the moral guidance that is often lacking in his home life. (Insert name and address of your bankers here.) At the risk of being boastful we must say our visitors agree that the Club is doing grand work in helping to satisfy these Please pay to the account of the above Boys' Club with needs for the boys of Hoxton. Barclays Bank Ltd., Cambridge Branch, the sum of R. L. [The Editors venture to enclose a subscription form and banker's order in the hope that members of the College, both those in resi­ dence and those who have gone down, who are not already sub­ scribers to the Club, will give it their support at this critical time.] now and on the first day of January in each year.

THE PRESIDENT

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Address POEM

I have crept no further than my forefathers. Please return this order to the Senior Treasurer, The College Thinking. Give me power over next year. Boys' Club, St John's College. is our HIS life-news, successive telegrams making no T satisfactory sense, Allowing no loophole to love, that gentle editor; These opportunities missed or taken (who knows for the better?) 108 THE EAGLE NOCTURNE 109

Decisions that have to be accepted, the unwillingness, the and in this light, they presented a sinister appearance, their repose, chimneys smokeless, their curtained windows, like blank, The forgetting, death; our knowledge of death, sightless eyes, gaping wide, and their whole aspect of harmless Our willingness to live, seeking love where none is offered, sleep turned to that of death. A beggar rebuffed, losing heart but bewildered; It is said that there is nothing more desolate than an Our despair, and our resistance. The lack of conclusion. That empty, deserted house; but the stillnesses and silences of a is our life. house that has known gaiety and will know it often in the are frequently more intense and more gloomy than Here where I sit alone (I was not always alone) future, of the house with no future. This villa, owned by a city Men's voices assail me. Heavy with the persistent aroma of those s man, and used only in the holidays, seemed to cigars busines sess silences more fathomless than those of any broken­ And harsh as the clinking of glasses, they speak; a foreign pos mansion, and the rooms, so full of life and laughter tongue down g Coronation week, seemed, a bare fortnight after, Without appeal, or threat, or promise, durin te and evil. The groups of empty chairs, the books and Echoes in my brain's empty rooms. desola s left lying about, the blank beds, all conveyed a vague Of no avail the courtesy of years, the tears at midnight­ paper feeling of dissatisfaction, of incompletion. Time does not value my tears, nor does it keep Something of this atmosphere conveyed itself to the four Safe a warm corner where love is always right, where under- sat in that room, in the grey light of early morning. Two standing who on the sofa, and, separated by a gimcrack, two in easy chairs. Meets its response always, sensitive, like Diirer's hands. They talked desultorily in voices which jarred on their ears, These voices, and this smoke, thunders like centuries, sounding loud and over-powerful. Forming a background to Time swirls the fragments in this rocky pool. their talk, a low "basso ostinato ", was the faint rustling and The electric light goes out. I see the night, with unknown sighing of a light wind in the trees outside. Startling and constellations. Stars disquieting at first, this melancholy rise and fall pervaded the Immeasurably young, or old. Beyond time. I am still young. room, and they had soon reconciled themselves to its accom­ T. W. E. panim pallid light, reinforced by the faint glow of an Bentheim, 17. Ill. 39. ent. The electric fire, made their faces and forms just visible, as they talked. NOCTURNE Conversation, begun on general and artificially high­ spirited lines, was insensibly influenced by the whole atmo­ HE room was shrouded in a grey, diffused light, little sphere of the house, masterless and faintly inimical to them, st darker than the twilight of a summer's evening, al­ rangers, and swung round to the supernatural. As the talk pr Tthough it was close on two o'clock in the morning. By ogressed, becoming more eerie in tone, the character and me the utter stillness, the house might have been in the middle of ntality of each became more apparent. Two were enjoying them a lonely moor, uninhabited save by birds and sheep. Al­ selves, not' from any sense of bravado, but from a genul. though, indeed, other windows looked out on to green, lle attraction towards the Unseen; and by their vivid, erotic unspoilt countryside, those of this room faced something �maginings, they progressively increased the discomfort of then infinitelymore lonely-a row of new semi-villas. At this hour, companions. Of these, one was comparatively un-

\ lIO THE EAGLE NOCTURNE III imaginative, hardly capable of appreciating the delicate horror The door was now wide open, invitingly open, as though of the subject, and nervous more from convention than from held by the hand of a sollcitous host and, sitting there, a wild any real dislike. The other, nervous by temperament, terror filledhim as he realised that he was slowly rising from realised to the full the trend of the conversation, was fascinated, his chair. His face worked and twisted as he tried to break repelled, thoroughly discomposed, but powerless to break free, to dash through the windows, out of the house, but free. slowly, inevitably, his feet carried him onwards. Terror­ From vague theorising about dreams, vampires and were­ stricken, still striving to escape, he passed through, and the wolves, the talk drifted towards the will, and the power of the door closed swiftly and silently on his heels. human mind. Mter discussing experiments of thought­ The room was shrouded in a grey, diffused light .. . the compulsion, it was inevitable that, in that house, with that only sound was the melancholy rise and fall of the wind in view, and in that atmosphere, they should experiment for the trees outside. s. c. R. themselves. He who sat nearest the fire, leader of the con­ versation, brought things to a head by suggesting suddenly that they should will the door to open. His colleague, on the couch opposite, immediately agreed. The other two hung back, the one because he was out of his depth, the other LINES ON THE ESTABLISHMENT because he feared the consequences; but the influenceof the OF SPECIAL CRISIS SERVICES atmosphere, the urgings of their companions, and a sense of OF PRAYERS FOR PEACE their own bravery in defying the Unknown made them give in, and, gazing at the door, they began to concentrate. ERE is no circle-system concentric An opaque stillness fell on the room and even the wind and regular, no ruled firmament, outside seemed to die away, as if in expectation. Sweat stood Hbut only unpremeditated shooting-star on their faces as they sat in strained attitudes, thinking, loo sed and unleashed willing. Suddenly, in that intense silence like a clap of thunder, by wilful, wasteful trick the click of the door-handle sounded, and, slowly, imper­ of a bored god's finger, only the far ceptibly, the door itself began to glide open. The undertone rumble of unknown elements sent of the breeze once more filled the room as they gazed at the raging on their planless destination ever-widening gap. The faces of the two enthusiasts, trans­ on uncharted seas figured by success, wore an unholy expression of expectation. and through the formless air, released of what had happened, One of the others, scarcely aware by laughter from this bored god's knees. seemed too scared to care for what might happen. But a dreadful realisation of the consequences of their action filled Wandering in hesitation the fourth, and, unable to keep his eyes on the door, he within the outworn pattern of an age, covered his face with his hands. In utter stillness he re­ against the roughly regular background formed mained thus for a few seconds, seconds which seemed inter­ by the ebb and flow of seasons, minable. Then, afraid to look up, but even more afraid of by rising sap and rotting leaf, remaining in the dark, he slowly raised his head. He was alone by night following day in the room. and the becalmed the bestormed ; r' II2 THE EAGLE THE FALLING BIRTH-RATE 113

wandering, seeking relief, for the future, and dead. seeking reasons weight or seeking merely pleasure, threatens to bring the birth-rate we stoop to pray, to pray lower still. for pleasure, reasons or relief, Strange or lest we should encounter grief, that they should come with their street from which we've learned to treasure demonstration, their our immunity. trucks and rifles, while was figuring out But the adored I the causes of mortality. god is bored, Especially on a Saturday afternoon... . and many seeking himself in a community "We don't advocate ", said the sergeant of confusion, seeking symmetry, Loudly in the loud is still himself the greatest bar to what he seeks. speaker, "we don't We, who are the wood-knot advocate conscription this in wood's planed surface, we is a free country for which you must who are the boulder breaking thank God but we the brook's even flow; we who are here to help you come nearer and remain the uncut pages we want you to help us we in the open book, we close want ...Parents don't the book and stoop to pray. stop them let them F. join and protect your houses and save H. H. your country. Come THE FALLING BIRTH-RATE nearer see these guns don't be afraid we are here to help and o grapple with and grope among we want ....Him census returns, long over there ", with a significant nod Tlists of population and mortality in the direction of Germany, curves, to be "won't think about you confronted with the fantastic mothers and your ...but progress but figure-founded fact that has been made we its been dropping, gradually, don't march any more we the birth-rate has-drastic ride and we'll this is-since eighteen-eighty take volunteers down in the truck. is far less alarming than the realisation We are here help that, what you help you and we with this political situation, want and things tend to be uncertain, rather, we want .... " ELl 8 II4 THE EAGLE It is hard to escape the conclusion, on this Saturday afternoon and in all this confusion, that the population curve will swoop and swerve somewhere soon. We are forced (in the tone of a scientific committee) to believe that probably it will be divorced before long from all consideration of overcrowding and city administration, of high prices and depression, or cumulative confession. of increasing reluctance and hesitation to marry, on account of changing social habits­ interjection: remember the rabbits­ and as a result of a growing amount of women's employment and occupational skill. Such factors as the provision of public health and the sane utilisation of wasting wealth and medical skill, we feel sure, will all decline and lose importance compared with the desire to kill. Contraception and deception and hypodermic injection and economic subjection will of course continue to affect the birth-rate one way or another, directly or indirectly, although we cannot say to what extent exactly. But it is the cannon-fodder question, the suicide and/or refugee question, THE FALLING BIRTH-RATE 115 the violent death al1d demoralisation question, among others, that civilisation will have to take into consideration, in reducing its conception of life, like Mr Eliot's Sweeney, to the basic essentials, which, with the birth-rate, will depend upon protracted violence in the dark night that is now falling, to last until the end. F. H. H.

PSYCHOLOGY AMONG THE ESKIMOS By D. M. CARMICHAEL "Let us define the arctic explorer as a man who, not having his common habitat among icebergs, is yet found sitting on an iceberg" [Mr Bailey].

HE strangeness of the undertaking caused peculiar Treactions in those who heard about it. Some went away KNUD NIELSEN quietly, saying nothing. Others laughed, and asked questions. The questioners fell into two classes : the romantic, who apparently would like to have gone seeking the soul of the Eskimo in the darkness of an igloo; and the critical, from whom it was prudent to retreat under a cloud of highly generalised statements about "trying out a new and semi­ experimental approach to certain specific but very limited problems in culture-contact ". Early in the morning of 29 June, the coastal schooner Fylla, bound from Godhavn to Umanak, but owing to fog, some thirty miles off her course, dropped anchor abreast of the pier in the bay of Igdlorssuit. The fog having lifted slightly, we were able to see the full sweep of a mile-long beach of dark sand and, above it, a green and gently sloping foreland dotted with the houses of the settlement where we were going to live. Behind and almost completely encircling the houses, black and rotten walls of rock rose sharply to the line of the mist. Eastwards, seven miles distant across a strait filled with icebergs, the mountains and glaciers of 8-2 Howland of the North AMONG THE ESKIMOS II7 II6 THE EAGLE PSYCHOLOGY ; Game (British Museum), geologist­ Vpernivik Island were beginning to appear and, to the north, logist and botanist own "specific problems" straight other mountains and islands, and the mouths of great fjords were able to tackle their I rather envied them. My first stretching in to the ice-cap. away, and on that account "to get to know the people"-an Set further back and higher than the others was a red and constant business was in the abstract (which is wooden house which we recognised at once, from the draw­ undertaking fascinating enough the romantics), but in actuality, ings in his book Salamina, as that built by Rockwell Kent, probably why it appeals to knowledge of the language, an American author and painter who had spent two years in and especially for one with little and only too often mis­ Igdlorssuit. The Danish trader, Axel Skjold, and his wife, beset with innumerable difficulties Fortunately I soon found an came on board. Yes, Kent's house was unoccupied, clean and directed and quite unprofitable. assistant catechist (school ready for our use. The Igdlorssuit people were taking a interpreter-Thue Nicolaisen, of Igdlorssuit, whose Danish, holiday to welcome us-they were obviously all on the beach teacher and lay preacher) he thought it was, was good by this time-so if we'd get our stuff ashore, they'd carry it though not nearly as good as Thue has been only a short time up the hill and help us to unpack. An hour later, while we enough to be going on with. short, dark and extremely well-pro­ sat at breakfast in the trader's house, a long procession began in Igdlorssuit. He is conspicuous defect which must at to shuffle past the window and up the winding path by the portioned, except for one �aladjustment in a hunting com­ church-small boys full of self-importance when they found least partly explain his are exceedingly rare. His left something light enough to carry; crooked old women in munity where physical defects undeveloped and almost useless, wrinkled yellow seal-skin boots and strapping young girls in arm and hand are small, child. His eyes are wide-set and smooth red ones; strong men of all sizes who grunted under like the arm and hand of a petulant, and his manner towards the weight of Younger's No. 1 Ale (Export). Mter breakfast intelligent, but his mouth is ingratiating. It soon became Skjold introduced us to a young widow whom he had chosen us was at times offensively unpopularity with some of the to be our housekeeper. She was a pure-blooded Eskimo (very apparent, in view of his persistent efforts to be preferred few are now found in West Greenland), good-looking in a Igdlorssuit people, that his would have to be tactfully sup­ sleepy sort of way, but her lips were thin and her mouth in public before all others has evidently given him frog-like. Her name was Helena. In the afternoon we hung pressed. His higher education importance of money in human up a dart-board and started the gramophone outside the hut, exaggerated ideas of the he often tried to do a deal with us on behalf so that we might have room to work inside. By 7 p.m., thanks relationships, for himself desired no such deal, but to Kent having provided his house with a large cellar and a of some simple hunter who as a gift. Later we learned loft, we had achieved something resembling a "harbour­ was actually offeringus something Igdlorssuit because in one of the stow", and our single living-room was practically clear of that he had been moved to misappropriated church funds packing-cases and Greenlanders. (It is not done in Greenland larger settlements he had derive the sale of hymn books to his native parishioners. to refer to any native as an Eskimo.) A commodious dog­ d from which he gave had always to be closet, adjoining the south gable of the hut, and complete with The general information c intelligent and obedient, quick internal lever and smoothly sliding hatch, gave promise of hecked up. Yet he was loyal, t and remarkably conscien­ ease on all mornings on which mosquitoes were not over­ ? see the point of an experiment, tiOUS wept when we left Igdlorssuit. active. In the evening we danced. in carrying it out. He the settlement and making a The three other members of the expedition-Drever Thue and I began by mapping census Of persons we counted 166 (John's), leader and petrologist; Feachem (Downing), archaeo- of persons and property. II9 II8 THE EAGLE PSYCHOLOGY AM ONG THE ESKIMOS calls it, the "taking of -41 men, 44 women, 81 children (29 married couples) ; of hunting of seals, but,. as Skjold property, 30 houses (6 of turf, II of wood and turf, 13 of sharks " . the Igdlors- wood); 27 kayaks ; 19 boats; 33 shark-meat stands (wooden The fine physique, initiative and intelligence of of a good environ­ racks on which strips of shark-flesh are dried for dog food) ; suit people is probably largely the result to a certain 33 sledges, and 250 dogs (approx.). The prosperity of the ment. Some credit, however, must be given married a native place (it is the most productive outpost in the 1Jmanak Danish trader, Carl Nielsen by name, who his death in trading district) is reflected in the high proportion of wooden woman and was stationed at Igdlorssuit until Knud Nielsen, houses, which are the most expensive type to build, the most 1919. With the help of his grandson, the hunter of Carl stylish, and the coldest in winter; in the large number of we worked out a genealogical table of the descendants one-third of the boats (in 1923 there were only 21 in the whole Umanak and discovered that they comprise at least all the more district) and in the fact that practically every family owns a present population of Igdlorssuit, and include names. Then sledge, and can afford to feed a dog-team. This prosperity prosperous families. At firstwe knew only their personalities seems to have resulted from a recent remarkable shift of the names began to attach themselves to definite forty years emphasis from one type of occupation to another, encouraged -Abraham Zeeb, headman of the village council, ; still in by the Danish administration and made possible by the old, and like his two brothers, a splendid kayak-man at an geographical position of the settlement. In the old days the perfect physical condition and extremely industrious can dribble a Eskimo was essentially a hunter of sea mammals, and age when many Greenland hunters retire. He and faster despised fishing as an occupation fit only for women and seal-skin football stuffed with grass more skilfully boys. Nowadays in Igdlorssuit in the summertime very little than anyone else in Igdlorssuit. His moustache, trimmed his face, and open-water seal hunting is done, and the number of kayaks is Mongolian fashion, accentuates the strength of which, far greater than the number of active hunters. During July there is about him an air of independence and dignity self-import­ and August, however, sharks are caught in abundance in the but for his sense of humour, would amount to fast running tides of Igdlorssuit Sound. The liver is sold, for ance. Yet he does not laugh so readily as most Greenlanders, he has the sake of its oil, at the local trading store, and the flesh is nor at quite the same things. As befits his position, cut into strips and dried for dog food. The money so earned, clearly formulated opinions concerning the relationship of intelligent if not spent immediately on tobacco and coffee,helps towards Danes and Greenlanders, and is in every way an though the purchase of wood for boats, houses and sledges, and (far and thoroughly sound man. His brother J ohan, whole a more important) the community has an ample supply of dog lively, boyish and friendly, seemed to me on the food at the beginning of the winter. Good ice comes early to much shallower character. He is taller and slimmer than and im­ Igdlorssuit-generally about the beginning of January-and Abraham, and equally fit, but he is less prudent, working then, for anyone possessing a dog-team, it is comparatively provident after the manner of most Greenlanders, looks easy, and very profitable, to hunt sea mammals on the ice, only by fits and starts. At times his face in repose be slightly and exceedingly easy to catch more sharks through holes in vacant, almost stupid. Perhaps he tends to the old days the ice, and to transport them back to the settlement. But " dissociated " for he can act extremely well. In or, if he had without a good team it is practically impossible either to hunt he might have become an angakok or witch-doct engaged him as or to fish. Now a Greenland sledge-dog can survive the brains enough, which I doubt. Drever summer, but cannot work in winter, without being properly Companion in a kayak trip shortly after our arrival, and even­ of a fed. The basic occupation of Igdlorssuit is thus no longer the tually he came to fulfil for Drever the precise functions

•••••__ ... ___ _=- '-'-----':�r..,. "'._::r� • '#.. .. . �1... 120 THE EAGLE . PSYCHOLOGY AMONG THE ESKIMOS 121 Highland "ghillie " in the old sense of the word-man­ for us, as fine in their and a craftsman. He built kayaks servant, adviser, tutor, "backer " and friend. But of all made harpoons and the underwater lines as a racing shell; he Zeebs I liked Martin best. He seemed more genuine was perfect in design than lances ; he carved in ivory ; all his work Johan, and with him I never felt the peculiar tension great deal about which I and b eautifully finished. He knows a very was always aware of when talking to Abraham. people, and is He is big and recent changes in the material culture of his placid, in face and build rather it has lost like a Dutchman, very well aware that what it may have gained in utility domesticated, and completely happy understand playing at bows-and­ in artistry. In conversation he was the quickest to arrows with his two-year-old son. of all he Cousin to the Zeebs is our meaning, and to make his own clear, and best Hendrik Quist, of medium height, we of his. massively built, and mighty could always see the point of our jokes, and in the pro creation of children. He alone of those I tried at an Temperamental, in a way almost too intelligent, he only does Eskimo he test of grip could twist a short smooth stick out of my work which he likes, and when he likes, and so financially hand-and he did it with the greatest of ease. He speaks seldom prospers. seldom, has dark brown curly hair, a dazzling smile, sports a Those whom we have described are all of Nielsen stock, the pair of ear-rings, and is the best motor-boat man in the aristocracy of Igdlorssuit. But it was important not to make settlement. In short, as Skjold put it, he is in every way a friends with them only. There is, for example, Sam M611er, fine man, and yet, except when he was on our boat, never tuft on his chin and a I chief catechist, who affects a poodle- saw him do a stroke of work. black alpaca anorak, and holds forth windily in church on Of Carl's descendants by the male line there are Christian, Sundays while mothers suckle squalling babies and old men Niels, Severin and Edward, but the greatest of all the sleep. Sam's eldest son Gabrie1 styles himself, half­ Nielsens is Knud. And he is greatest, it seems to me, because humorously, "big-hunter", and is the only Igdlorssuit man he is the most complex and at the same time possesses, to a who disdains to fish for sharks. Then there are the Samuel­ far greater extent than any of the others, the power of self­ sens, very conservative, almost pure-blooded Eskimos, 1u�ty analysis. Of that we shall speak later. Perhaps I am prejudiced sons of old Immanuel, who is himself the grandson of an in his favour, because he was ghillie to me as Johan Zeeb was angakok. Andcheery little J ens Ottosen and Martin Hansen, to Drever. 5 feet 91 inches in his kamiks, he is the tallest man the cooper, and so on interminably. Nor should we forget in Igdlorssuit, and must once have been immensely powerful. the women, for it is more than a half-truth in Greenland that Now, lit the age of thirty-nine, he has given up hunting-a,t a man is what his wife makes him. But I'm afraid that at this least by kayak in the summer-and his arm and shoulder stage we'll have to take them all for granted, and also all the muscles have become thin and flabby. Yet his dancing, while children, except Frederick, our water-boy, who alone, to our his wind lasts, is extremely light and graceful, and his move­ knowledge, took advantage of the fact that we seldom locked ments have an appearance of lithe, cat-like springiness which o�r door. I came upon him suddenly, one evening, pilfering I think is partly due to his having developed to a remarkable cigarettes. He fled, and I chased and caught him. Whereupon degree the Eskimo capacity for hyper-extending the knee �e resorted to a strange device, taking down his trousers and joints. He has ion. a big moustache, grizzled hair, luminous slm';Ilating a pressing and prolonged need for defaecat dancing brown eyes, a very large mouth and a greater share An Involuntary fear-reaction? I doubt it. than most of his cousins of what Kent has called the " Nielsen­ W.e met the people of Igdlorssuit at innumerable coffee Bourbon lip ". We engaged him for a while on our motor­ parties-pathetic little affairs, really, symptomatic of a loss boat, but at heart he is no mechanic, but essentially an artist of social vigour. We danced with them. We went shooting

""----'- ...... I23 I22 THE EAGLE PSYCHOLOGY AMONG THE ESKIMOS I slept on board; the crew went and fishingwith them. They taught us to throw the harpoon back. We arrived at 3 a.�. and to use the kayak. We made fools of ourselves trying to ashore. "roll", and compensated by inducing them to play golf. We "Report at 8 o'clock," I told them. At 8 neither had met Knud. saw them at church, at weddings and at funerals. We com­ appeared. At 8.30 I went ashore and peted with them in all sorts of Eskimo and European tests of " Are you coming?" I asked. pretty speed, strength and agility. We played Greenland football " No," said he. "Too much wind." It was blowing with them-a game compared with which a "rugger cupper" hard by this time. I went to see Hendrik. is but a mild and shadowy affair, for there are no rules, and "Are you coming?" "My any number of players may appear on either side, as in the " No ", said he, and when he saw my surprise, added, and with my wife "hustling over large balls" prohibited by law in England in little daughter is ill. I must stay with her the Middle Ages, on account of violence and destruction of Sophia." by the property. Every day we entertained some of them in Our I went to see the child-a feverish cold, aggravated Selecting house. Yet when all is said and done, I don't think that we appalling heat and stuffiness of Hendrik's house. safest and really " got to know them ". There was, of course, the diffi­ some Formamint throat tablets as being the oranges, culty of language, but that, I am sure, is not the whole pleasantest pills I had, I gave them, along with some oranges. explanation. "Talk", writes Rockwell Kent in precisely this to Sophia. She shed tears of gratitude over the connection, "is in a large degree friendship's staff of life, I met Knud again. sustaining it; by the community of interests that it reveals, "Let us go up the hill and look at the weather", he said, enlarging it. But friendship is not born of that. Talk is, "I'll bring my grandfather's telescope." high rather, but one of the lesser channels through which sensi­ We peered through dusty lenses seawards towards the farce, bility and character, which are the foundations of friendship, blue cone of Umanak. The whole performance was a are brought to light. By the rare sensibility of our Greenland for the sun was now shining, and the wind falling rapidly. friends we were affected, and by the characters of many of "Come on, Knud," I said, "Let's go." them, impressed." Quite so : and yet in the company of "No, not to-day," said Knud. "Perhaps to-morrow." Greenlanders I was, for my own part, nearly always conscious I laughed at him, but (a most unusual thing) he didn't of a definite yet quite unanalysable feeling of strangeness, respond at all. Then suddenly he asked : almost of artificiality, which, because it was neither one-sided " Knud ajorpoq ?-is Knud bad?" nor voluntarily induced, could not be voluntarily dispelled. "No, no, Knud's all right," I said, and laughed again. He Only with one man did this barrier wholly disappear. The didn't look satisfied. manner of its disappearance was this. "Is Hendrik bad?" he asked. At the very outset of a rather difficultmotor-boat journey " No," I said, "Hendrick is a fine man." is of 300 miles, which had to be completed in four days' time, "Yes ", he said slowly and a little enviously, "Hendrik a Knud, prophesying a great storm and expressing grave fear fine man." From that we began to discuss the outstanding of it, had dragged me back some 20 miles to Igdlorssuit. When people of Igdlorssuit, for Knud was in a mood to analyse dealing with Greenlanders one always uses persuasion, never character. And over and over again he returned to himself, compulsion. Hendrik, the other member of my crew, a�d asked-" Is Knud bad?"-and the more I laughed at goodness, the more committed himself so far as to say he might go on, but h�m and assured him of his complete Knud proved so reluctant that eventually I decided to put dissatisfied he became. We went down to lunch. 12 12 4 THE EAGLE PSYCHOLOGY AMONG THE ESKIMOS 5 " Let's have Hendrik in," I said. a view to discovering how this relationship at first hand, with Hendrik came. It was plain that Sophia had been talking cifically psychological far the harmony can be assigned to spe to him. of course, causes. Over such a short period of observation, "Will you sail with me this afternoon?" I asked him. provisional and some­ any conclusion reached could only be "Yes", he said, "if you answer one question. Why have to have some what speculative, but it was obviously important you made Knud first motor-boat man? Skjold has told you in view of its bearing ideas on this general question, especially that I am the best motor-boat man in Igdlorssuit." it. on my second problem, which is subsidiary to I explained as well as I could that when the motor-boat (2) In dealing with the contact of two groups possessing arrived, Knud had already established himself as handyman to different cultures, the anthropologist endeavours primarily to the expedition. Hendrik was satisfied. to the discover what elements of culture pass from one group " Now", I said, "Hendrik and Peter Moller will sail with they other, and what changes these elements undergo after me, and Knud will stay at home." the have been "imported". The psychologist starts where Knud tion, or came on board to help us to get under way. He anthropologist leaves off, and asks how far the rejec can be hesitated for a moment before going ashore. Then he turned transference and assimilation of elements of culture social and asked me, for the last time : explained in terms of the basic group relationship, the "Knud ajorpoq?" and the determinants common or peculiar to each group, " Ap, ingmdnguaq-yes, of this ever so slightly !" I replied, and attitude and influence of individuals. The adoption this time we both laughed. And ever some since then we seem to general line of approach suggested immediately that have understood each other. When I of returned from the boat attempt should be made to discover not only the nature journey, Knud had finished building a of in­ kayak for the expedi­ the present group-relationship, but also the attitude tion, and earned forty kroner. Hendrik and Peter earned dividual Greenlanders to the changes which their culture has exactly twenty each. undergone and is still undergoing. And here it proved possible to use a semi-experimental method. Greenlanders Before leaving Cambridge for Greenland, I discussed my show a lively and intelligent interest in pictures. I therefore Eskimo plans many times with Professor Bartlett. It is entirely owing collected a series of pictures, showing objects of to his genius in suggesting possible lines of investigation (all material culture from all parts of Greenland, and from early the methods I used are his), combined with a large slice of times down to the present day, but arranged in no special luck in findinggood interpreters and willing " subjects ", that order, and showed them to a number of adult men. Each man I was able to tackle any "specific problems" whatsoever. was asked the same set of questions concerning each piCture in Eventually I made a study of four questions : ("What is this object? Do you possess one? Does anyone I In Cambridge we have begun an enquiry into the one any­ ( ) Igdlorssuit possess one ? Have you ever seen " nature of the psychological factors which promote or prevent where? ..Is it good? If not, how would you improve it? .. friendly relationships between two or more social groups. As and so on), and notes on his general reactions were made. it the administration of Greenland by the Danes furnishes an !he method, of course, is akin to Mass Observation in that outstanding example of harmonious working relationships IS essentially an attempt to obtain a "cross-section of opinions between Europeans and a native population which has under­ and attitudes ", but it is perhaps a little better directed. gone, and is still undergoing, important changes in its social �3) Some experiments in remembering were carried out, and economic organisation, I took the opportunity of studying USlIlg Bartlett's "Method of Serial Reproduction". Briefly, 126 THE EAGLE the aim of the experiments is to findout something about the social factors which determine the form which a rumour or a story or a decorative design finallyassumes in a given social group. The material used in Greenland consisted of (a) specially selected stories which I had translated into Green­ landic, and (b) picture-material. In the case of the stories, the following procedure was adopted : the interpreter read the original story twice to subject A. Mter an interval of from to 4 minutes, subject A was asked to retell the story 3 Original drawing Reproduction 1 to the interpreter, who wrote it down. Subject A's version was then reproduced in similar manner by subject B, whose version was subsequently dealt with by subject C, and so on until the story assumed a new and stable form, or (as sometimes happened) became completely nonsensical. In the case of the picture-material each subject was given adequate time for observation, and then asked to make a pencil drawing of what he had seen. �-=-. - �=:-�-""'- Although the stories were used more extensively, some of - ,..-�..-;- .:::==- .,--. --� the picture-series gave the most clear-cut results. The one Reproduction 3 Reproduction 2 illustrated shows rather well what usually happens-a rapid simplification of the original material, due mainly to the omission of unfamiliar items, and its subsequent transforma­ tion, by the elaboration, modification and "rationalisation" of individual detail, into a wholly (or almost wholly) familiar form. Except when the local schooner calls, craft using gaff­ mainsails or more than one headsail are never seen at Igdlors­ suit; burgees and topsails are quite unknown. Flags, however, are very popular-though I've never seen any Greenlander ctIon fly one at his masthead I-and the natives who use sail rig Reproduction 4 Reprodu 5 their boats with small, safe, rectangular sprit-sails. (4) The most interesting experiments, however, both to conduct and in the results they yielded, were the experiments r\� on constructive thinking. It is often popularly thought, and it I \ has certainly been contended in serious scientific treatises" that the thinking processes of primitive peoples (including � )- \. �' """._, � __ __ the Eskimos) follow entirely different principles from those ---...... , 7 --.r . c 7 of normal civilised persons. Primitive thinking is variously Reproduction Reproduction 6 7 described as "pre-Iogical, emotional, mystical and self- EXperiments on remembering : Serial reproduction by adult male Greenlanders of a drawing of the yacht " Tern Ill". 128 THE EAGLE PSYCHOLOGY AMONG THE ESKIMOS 129 , the contradictory"; by contrast, "civilised " thinking is presum_ At the end of the fourth month, and again during the fifth what he would do to ably strictly logical, rational, consistent and relatively un­ trader told J ohan in no uncertain language He did not accuse Johan directly, affected by emotional factors. Now as all this seemed anyone that he caught pilfering. rather wise enough to take the hint, and mend his ways. unfair to the primitive, and but Johan was much too flattering to ourselves, And that brings us back to the dogs. Johan was one day taking where the we decided to test it experimentally. And in doing so We a haunch of venison out to the little cold store-house of this little tried to rid ourselves of a presupposition which seems trader kept his meat. J ohan happened to forget the key to being heavy, he underlie the point of view which we were attacking-namely house, which was always kept locked. The venison handle of the door and ran back quickly for the key. the presupposition that the only hung it on the "real" kind of thinking is then the dogs came round the corner, and by the time Johan strictly controlled Just inductive and deductive inference. In got back there wasn't much venison left. First of all Johan thought ; but then he everyday life it is obvious that there are many practical it would be best to tell the trader what had happened in a bad mood. So Johan situations in which this kind of thinking is not possible, and remembered that the trader was busy, and nothing about the accident, and hoped that the trader would yet in which something which everyone calls "thinking" said does fo rget his venison. take place. So in Cambridge Bartlett constructed a A few days later, however, the trader asked for his venison, and tell his number of brief narratives, all involving some critical social J ohan had to tell him how he had lost it. Poor J ohan did not for he saw from the very relationship, all working up to, but stopping short of, a story very well, or very convincingly, was not believing him. climax. Then he asked various groups of English beginning that the trader people story was finished, the trader laughed-a short hard (both academic and When the non-academic) to complete each situation laugh-and then he looked at J ohan and said : by saying what they "thought" would happen next. Mter "You are the only man other than myself who is allowed to use I ate the had been in Greenland long enough "to collect atmosphere ", the key to my store-house. I don't think it was the dogs who wrote up as nearly as possible an analogous venison." I set of stories, only with his mouth, and Johan could see and used them in He laughed again, but a similar manner with Greenlanders. Here the anger growing in his eyes. is one of them : What did The questions asked in this instance were : (I) THE HAUNCH OF VENISON the trader do ? (2) What did Johan do ? (3) With whom do It was unfortunate for J ohan that the dogs should have passed at you sympathise more, and why? that moment. You see, Johan had been working for the outpost­ Briefly, and non-technically, what we have found is that trader for nearly six months, and on the whole he and the trader there is absolutely no difference between the way in which understood each other fairly well. Johan was capable, and the E and the way in which Greenlanders "think trader, who was a careful man himself nglish people , liked him for that, and also situation. It is rare to find because he was clean and quiet. The trader, like most men who talk about" this type of incomplete a good deal, was rather hot-tempered but, as Johan knew, his bark anyone in either group who considers all the data impartially, was worse than his bite, and he was really rather a kind-hearted and constructs an answer consistent with all of them. Usually man. So J ohan kept out of his way when he was in a bad mood, and either one detail or group of details is picked out-probably generally the two of them got on very well together. q overweighted as to govern all But J ohan had one fault. He himself uite involuntarily-and is so could not see anything had to a socially wrong in what he did, so perhaps one cannot blame him too much. subsequent "thinking"; or recourse is After all, the trader had more than he required of most things, and determined and more or less un critically accepted generalisa­ if . Johan did help himself now and again to a little food, a little tion, and " thinking" consists simply in the application of this coffee or a few cigarettes-well, as long g as the trader knew nothin generalisation, often to the total or partial exclusion of the about it, then he was no less happy and Johan was a good deal happier. "fac ts " as presented. Of course the kind of details selected,

ELl 9 131 AM ONG THE ESKIMOS 130 THE EAGLE PSYCHOLOGY a bad winter many hardships of the winter. In and of generalisations used, vary from group to group, and have forgotten the for money and to eat, arid come to me asking of them have little houses, no from individual to individual, but the general typ e of response ill : many have no coal for their d. Many of them are hard for is identical throughout all our groups. Our experiments, of foo out the bitter cold. Life is blankets, no clothes to keep In winter I go winter." He paused. Then-" course, are merely preliminary, and certainly not very well Greenlanders in the people come. about I I o'clock. No the store late in the morning, round. controlled, but so far they seem to indicate quite definitely to and my head begins to go re is nothing to do. It is dark, She that, in this type of constructive thinking, normal Englis The y head is going round '. h and I say to my wife, 'M I go home, the sitting room. I people are scarcely more cool, detached, consistent and also is going round '. I go into says, ' My head to read. There is to read. There is nothing analytical than the relatively primitive Greenlanders. look for something ." Another pause. is dark, and my head goes round nothing to do. It in Greenland the company of another man Then-" A man needs to Green­ enough. Will you come back At the beginning of September it became known in Igdlors­ in the winter. A wife is not suit that we were leaving in a few days' time. Presents began land next winter? " desire to see to pour in. In three days we attended at least fifteen coffee­ go back-not out of any great I think I shall and spend parties. The people, led by Sam Moller, sang to us in church trader (1' d much rather see Knud, this particular precise on the evening of 5 September. Abraham Zeeb wrote us an because I wish to have the the winter with him) j nor official letter of farewell : (by definition) to convert me tactual experience necessary because, like the seal-hunter In the year 1938 it is heard here in Igdlorssuit that four English­ into an explorer, but mainly more "to behold the great sun men* are coming to this place on an expedition ....The Englishmen from Aluk, I should like once are well received.... Frequently the Greenlanders and the English­ its rays splinter against the when it rises from the sea, and men work together harmoniously. I have no doubt that the work ". was good, and it is everywhere a pleasant thing to see people who icebergs on the horizon are really fond of 'one another. Before the Englishmen go to their land out there, I express the hope that their work will be a means of progress and a benefit to them, and that the results will be advan­ ON THE MORROW tageous both to the Greenlanders and to the Englishmen ....All of MEDITATIONS this I have written out of friendship to all of you. I send you greetings. Igdlorssuit hunter, Abraham Zeeb. has its Tomorrow We left Igdlorssuit at 4 a.m. on 8 September. I remained HE: Every Morrow, Love, in Greenland for some time after the others had gone, but But you possess To-day, elsewhere borrow not long enough fully to test the words of a certain outpost Seek not to save it, Love, nor trader-a Dane-with whom I had a conversation on one of Your moment, lost To-day. wasted sorrow our boat journeys. He was perhaps a little drunk, for he and Leave you alone that safe but I were sharing a bottle of whisky, and he hadn't tasted the Called Yesterday. can't arrest To-day, stuff for a long time. This is what he said : SHE: For all that, Love, you borrow "You have seen Greenland in the summer. You have seen the Yet I would blithely To-day people parading in their fine clothes. You have seen them when ' Time, and let our loving bless they have plenty to eat, when their houses are warm, when they In future joy or sorrow- Yesterday 1 The word " tuluit " which is usually translated " Englishmen " means But you ! would you remember literally " those who speak like ravens." There seems to me to be at least To-morrow? an equal chance that it was first earned by the Scottish whalers. 9-2 132 THE EAGLE HE ITLAND AS J.-B. 133 II some Junior Bursars. And for the honour of the College, I "I've come to say 'so long ' and seek a lea refrained from explaining'that it was in spite of the activities To-night, old Friend. The wind has gone insane, of other Junior Bursars. Heitland is reputed to have been one And on the Headlands, how the mad seas rave. of the former kind of J .B. ; these extracts from the archives What news from Home? To-morrow night I'll be of his "department" (as he was always very pleased to call it) Hull down on black atlantic foam again. should place that reputation on a firmbasis ; should show him, What news at all from home across the in fact, as in some sense the creator of the "department", in The great wave­ Divider, though we've served all three : its modem function and efficiency: besides casting odd beams Necessity, the Ocean and the Grave." of light on life and history here in the last century. "Yes, shut the door. We'll roast some chestnuts, Heitland was appointed to his office at the end of the Lent I have some come. wine now old and sweet, in pain Term 1886. He appears to have set about his business with Made from the grapes of youth and flashing great energy, for on 21 April of the same year he sent to the Of childhood. streams Aye, we'll sing a song of home, Council a long and detailed report on the state of the College ; And in some sentimental old refrain on the Roofs , which were mostly terrible, on the lightning Forget the Day in Day's forgotten dreams." conductors, which " Mr Hart is willing to test when required, but he has not got the proper instruments", on the Walls, In especially the SE Turret of the Second Court. (Note. "I o spider baffled by the water wish members of the Council would look at the little rooms What burst the silken web you spun? at the top of this turret. If this was the dwelling of our great Some monster wilful or unwitting benefactor-Master Dr Wood, is its present condition a credit That leaves your little life undone ? to us ?") On the Heating of Hall and Chapel Heitland shows that ready grasp of human weakness which leads to so much I watched my own web so disrupted- The flimsy extra expense in the world : " This is done in a costly manner. threads men ought to cherish. They During about 6 months in the years the fires never go out. said it was a skein of dreams, There are 2 boilers and so 2 fires. The interest of the man in As though 'twere dreams alone that perish. charge is to make up the firebig that he may seldom have to Come clutch this branch, frail fellow mortal, visit it. Hence the roasting in Chapel on Sunday evenings For though the shore is one of sorrow, and damage to the Organ, causing expense." On Fire we And little else is left To-day, have some touches of a finecaustic quality which often creeps We'll leave the ebb tide for To-morrow. into these notes : "The only protection against fire we have is D. J. B. the New Court Staircases being made of stone. Our means of putting out fire are an old and feeble fire engine, a small HEITLAND AS J.B. supply of hose for the court hydrants, about 6 or 7 old buckets. The inflammable nature of the materials especially of the REMEMBER an American acquaintance, whom I was Second and Third Courts is well known." He adds with showing round the I College, remarking that the buildings reljef: "It is well that we cook by gas now. When the Kitchen did very well to be standing "after all these years " . I Chimney. used to catch fire, the heat (I am told) was great in explained that this was due to the praiseworthy activities of the upper part, where the roof of the Second Court abuts on 134 THE EAGLE HEITLAND AS J.B. 135 it and has wood built into it." (A very devastating bridge, have blocked the glimpse, woodwork made to carry it off the this, of the bad old days when the kitchen chimney " used our pavements to pieces. to bridge, and would also have knocked catch fire ".) On Gas Heitland makes a brief I have ordered a and unhappy Being now obliged to employ Hunnybun, reference to a regulator, installed by his and Mr Hart, to predecessor, which special barrow, designed by Dr MacAlister was to cause him frequent disquiet in the years tire, upon which I to come; even go with a broad wheel with indiarubber now, he says, "I wish I felt sure that we are , and I regret that when the not paying for insist. This is only a makeshift our gas twice over." On Drains, he points taken into considera­ out that no one Bridge was relaid these matters were not knows anything about them, and though it Heitland something would be costly tion." Makeshift or no, the College owes to find out, "the prevailing ignorance out of the is not reassuring". for keeping Hunnybun's original Juggernaut On the Sinks he writes at his best : "T hese are bad and in­ courts. efficient, and a cause of the of constant expense for clearing (i.e. This comprehensive report on the lamentable state unchoking) and repairs. might call field­ The Council may be interested to College is based on a great deal of what one learn that the Plumbers' almost day by day, Lady-Day bill includes under work; and this in turn is found recorded, 'To turning water on and off night to have purchased as and morning draining in a little book which Heitland appears pipes and taps during frost witness to his almost ', charged at 6s. each time, a total soon as he took office, and which bears charge of more than £10 find his comments , besides a few repairs. So well hectic activity in 1886 and 1887. Here we protected, trustworthy, and freedom than in the economical is our sink-and-tap set down with even greater freshness and apparatus." He is also Coal-holes on 6 May 1886 good on : "The storage for great report. We learn, for example, that Coal in Lecture rooms r of big meter " in I and II is very inadequate. The dark Heitland found a "cork put in the regulato and dismal WC by Lect why the cork was R I (underground) is hardly ever the back lane ; but it is not altogether clear used, and is occasionally is even more a source of expense. I think an ill­ there. The other standing grievance, Juggernaut, judged structure. What we want in by Hunnybun". there is a good coal-hole." freely designated as "the foolish truck sent A long list of Sundries the indiarubber is appended, covering damage by Unfortunately Hunnybun's second attempt, roof-climbing-" Do better. On the Council wish it to continue?", the tyred one designed by Mr Hart, was little bad state of stairs leading ndia rubber tire to the Fellow's Buttery-" What 3 October 1887 Heitland had to record : "I do the Council job of Mr say to this?", a piece of painted window came off wheel of luggage barrow. A scamped handed over to bicycle Heitland by his predecessor-" What am I to Hunnybun, of course. Had it stuck on by Howes the do with it?" , a plan of the offices in the back lane-" It may man. But it is really I! in. too big." suggest some reftexi Engine and its ons ". There is also a passage which well Hunnybun, too, was involved in the Fire illustrates this was his comprehension of detail in more or less troubles. On 4 May 1886, the J.B. records that mechanical 887 we find matters : a comprehension one might not have " exercised, worked well". But under 2 August I expected Found in a mere Humanist. "The Coal porters ordered this further note: "Went to see Fire Engine exercise. (under and un­ some general leave from Mr Tottenham, which I feel that Hunnybun's men attend and do the locking sure (£5· I 5s. 6d. was never meant to cover what was actually done) a cart �ocking of the hose. Hence no doubt their charge and our men for carrying the luggage to and from the gate. Hunnybun In 1886) for attendance on the engine is so large, made a cart with narrow iron tires in. thick on the wheels. don't learn the work properly." i evidently It was to cost over £10, how much I forget. I refused to The danger of fire mentioned in the report was is this allow it in the courts. It would, what with its width and the much on Heitland's mind. Under 6 April 1886 there 136 THE EAGLE HE ITLAND AS J.B. 137 note : "Fire. Inside of roof in 2nd Ct is too dark to see much, but I think there is a needless amount of discovery was that the drain was laid in a bed formed by there. wood rubbish lying cutting away the crown o[ the cellar vault. These vaults are the (N.B. Turner proposed to go lantern with naked candle, the bstructures of the New Court." It is a wonder that the being dull. I said No.)" su We learn too monstrous fabric still stands. from this note-book that the lavatory under unsatisfactory Heitland's ability to deal with emergencies is well illus- the lecture rooms in First transformed Court was duly ed in this note : into a satisfactory coal-hole. trat too." It "And a good job saved the College 2S. a Jubilee June 21 1887. Ordered on June 17 to do something by week for thecarrying of coal from bin to lecture room. way of illuminating. Gas fittings in Storeroom out of order, and no When something needed doing labour to be got at this late hour. Found old crown, large, to light quickly, Heitland was not with lamps, in back lane shed. Lamps and wickholders in storeroom. the man to stand on his dignity. If there was no one else Set Carpenter to work on frame and Matthews to get lamps ready. hand, he did the job himself. at Thus : "Aug. 17 1886. Heavy Moden of Sidney Street supplied wicks and oil. The job was done, rain-at 8 p.m. Merry and looked well. Spent about £5 on fireworks. told me wet coming through Set off on Chapel Buttery-Saw it all up into Tower. Effect very good, Roman Candles in particular. 2 Fire­ E 1st Court. Aug. 19. Went gutter, found cisternhead out on balloons successfully sent up from 2nd Court. Cost about £10 choked with paper Cleared it myself." and dirt. in all. He showed the same spirit in protecting our What if those fire balloons had landed on the roof, all full "Sept. 13· Chased swans : and caught boys who were of bits of wood as it was-where he wouldn't let Turner take in the grounds pelting swans ." Incidentally, the swans the naked candle ! Here, one feels, Heitland the J.B. was lost of undue were also a source profit to those whom Heitland in the greater loyalties. tradesmen " regularly calls " the (such men as Hunnybu But it was not only for this passionate enquiry into detail found that n). "In Long Vac 1887 Lawrence was charging that Heitland deserves remembrance. At the end of his great quarter us from 36s. to 43s. a for barley to feed the swans report to the Council he shows that he was equally capable of Bell of Peas ! Transferred the job to Hill at 22S." taking the long and the broad view of his " department". In In the records of inspection a notable survey of the past and present of the J .B.'s work, of the buildings, Heitland shows a remarkable thoroughness, as well as a fine followed by a very accurate forecast of its future, he pleads adventure. For spirit of example: "Nov 12. Went for the establishment of a regular fund on which the J .B. Bridge of up on top of Sighs with Cranfield. Brought could draw. This document should be printed in full-it bits down a lot of loose (crockets on the finials)merely stuck deserves to be ; but as a concession to the weaker subscribers, off. Sc on and just dropping amped work. Shewed them I extract only the most notable passages : General to Council same day. disgust." Indeed he pursued "scamped work From remarks that have reached me in the course of the an Inquisitor, and nothing " like various gave him greater plea last few years I gather that some persons hold in relation to the record of his own sure than to work (as he did of the New Junior Bursar's department views which appear to me erroneous. that " It has Court drains) In been costly, but I think an deed the number of Fellows who know anything of College New efficientjob ". These Ad no Court drains, by the way, were ministration seems to me a very small one ; and I shall make the occasion of a dramatic apology for a few explanations of the policy pursued by me and terrifying discovery: offering "Nov 5, 1886. Had the as JB, in the hope that some may be thus helped to see the truth. Drain of glazed earthenware floor up. pipes was exposed. A joint was I have heard it said that the department is a small one, implying leaking. Had it bedded that it is not , since it cannot do much in cement fo r the present. The worthy of much consideration chief good or much harm. I have known it added that the Reserve Fund 139 LAND AS J.B. 138 THE EAGLE HEIT ' of continual expense. d Fire Engine was a source for Repairs and Renewals is merely a matter of account-keeping, find that the ol pounds. It had I have cost several hundreds of implying that it is not worth the trouble it takes. Neither of these Since 1830 it must handier have bought a modem machine, much utterances need be regarded as having a personal reference, I do not go : and now that I the change to in its place, I can see that purpose so to regard them. much more powerful, South and before. The outer North and ht wisely have been made plan mig another instance of the patching of the Second Court are (Here follows a detailed survey of expenditure in the roofs of patching was far more costly carried on too long. Ten years being is perhaps important­ department, and of its relations with the Senior Bursar, from renewal. Besides-which than complete enough of instances. The 1830 onwards-a notable contribution to College financial not keep out the wet. This is patching did and then, when you cannot help making calls now history.) point is that you on the general job in hand. But calls on what? have a large renewal some other fund?" At this point I pause to remark that a department that in one College revenue, or on section of its work has spent annually sums varying from £230 to new points of policy-the Here he goes on to justify two £2845 within the last 20 years, and has in its calls on the general by the College, such as ladders, College revenue varied from £1000 to £2 350 within the same period, keeping of appliances owned ws; also the employment of a may not be capable of much good, but is certainly under present bits of stone, nails, and scre financial renews the demand conditions capable of much harm. And any institution permanent J.B.'s man. The conclusion (such as a Reserve Fund) that tends to equalise burdens, taking year the Reserve Fund. with year, is not a mere matter of book-keeping but is so far as it for proposals for the a separate sheet we have Heitland's goes a wholesome and steadying power.. .. On part of it was to A few words on present difficulties may not be out of place. What this fund. By far the greater sources of given for this presses on the department is that salaries and wages go on, never the Kitchen profits, and the reasons come from regarded these lessening, sometimes increasing. No reserves were kept in former rate ingenious : he appears to have years, but new liabilities were largely incurred. In recent times (just are at any Exchequer a modem Chancellor of the before I became JB) the Steward liberally took over some of the profits much as wage charges. It was well meant, but it has done harm as well as the Road Fund. regards the good, for it helped to hide the truth-that the department needed profits should go to develop It may be urged that Kitchen more plan is to treat all repairing money if it was to lay by against bad times. If this help ever It seems to me that the right Kitchen. under one head. The be withdrawn, the general revenues must be called upon again. outlay (not for apparatus) and developing : and I maintain Another point important in this connection is this-we use more really thrive without the College Kitchen cannot spend freely because it elaborate and delicate appliances than we did 60 years ago. A water­ way of letting the Kitchen that our present see the Kitchen pipe service is a great boon, but plumbers' bills increase vastly. Hot mistake. I wish heartily to earns money is a grand subordinate to water heating is a great convenience, but the boilers and furnaces as part of the College, and appliances improved, but Kitchen wear out. Earth closets are a sanitary luxury, but they cost money to divide among us these the whole. Surely we ought not to work and keep in order. And so forth in other is them? details. Now it profits ; then what are we to do with to be noted that manufacturers write offso much a year for deprecia­ kable piece of work, this tion of plant-that is, they allow for its renewal. But this College On the whole, it is surely a remar germs of the present never did anything of the kind in the JB's department : and hence report. It contains at any rate the the difficulties of the present, . the College has been which it will not be wise to ignore administration, and in its essentials, There is no surer sign of unsoundness in a community than the wondering, again, that a forced to adopt it. One cannot help unwillingness to face unwelcome truths. . should have displayed I maintain that I have since 1886 effected in the mere humanist, a Roman historian, large economies wisdom. Yet it is, Repairing and Maintenance part of my work, and I have never had s and such financial uch practical sense Roman it shown me that the efficiencyof the College appliances has been in follower of Heidand in perhaps (as a distinguished of any way impaired thereby. The question that is always presenting . of the best in our system Hl�tOry suggests to me) typical itself is-Repair or Renewal ? This is a matter of judgment, to say you have a few scholars lost when Repairing by patches ceases to be economical. For instance, ulllversity life. If at the worst 140 THE EAGLE HEI TLAND AS J.B. 141 to learning in the sterile paths of mere bureaucracy, at the best you have some scholars nt show him very much as he was to all posterity. turning first-rate abilities to the departme . practical side of College life, and Tutor is very differently situated. His effects are not losing nothing by it. It is But a something at any the stream of shifting rate unique to Cambridge and Oxf noted in brick and stone, but in And Heitland ord. at least was none the less a distinguished personalities and fading memories which pours triennially historian for being Junior lB.: though in these notes the only through the more or less solid fabric maintained by the of his academic trace life is a note on a letter from "M Bursar. His merits are written in sand, his demerits in mud, drawing attention r Larmoor" , to the misdemeanours of undergraduates and both are effacedwith equal rapidity. in the archway between Heitland as a Tutor, then, little can be learned from Second and Third Courts. Heitland Of has briefly written on written documents. There is, however, one tutorial incident it, "De undergraduatis omnia con­ vomentibus ". A lesser classical scholar, surely, would not which has been rescued from oblivion in these records. It is have thought to employ the compound form of the verb ; recorded in three letters, the first of whichruns thus : a lesser lB. would and never have made the note at all. Other aspects of Heitland, Dear Master, of course, are fugitive, and will soon be lost for good. Two stories I have to report that on the night of the 14th there was some which came within my own in the'New Court close to my rooms. A bonfire was twice lit experience seem to me noise to deserve preservation : typical, I and some fireworks let off.The fireworks were few and very poor in hope, of his later years, when as a very young Fellow I looked comparison of those which I let off(with the kind help of persons on him from afar. in statu pupillari) from the Chapel Tower and in the 1st and 2nd Cts We were discussing the present in the Jubilee of 1887. The bonfireswere poor things also, and if the new buildings. Heitland I do not think the second had been deeply suspicious throughout first had been quietly allowed to burn out the meeting, walking would have been made at all. No damage of the least importance round to each Fellow who spoke, standing in front was done, which is very gratifying. The noise was of the same kind with a of him disapproving hand behind a condemning as is common in this court, particularly of late. I have lost a good length, ear. At this cause ; but, as we are unable to bear it any longer, deal of sleep in the last 6 months from he rose, and bid us in the court, I farewell, as if for ever: "M expressly denied the presence of a Dean resident r President and gentlemen, I wish presume it is of no use to complain. you a happy Christmas and a prosperous New Year." The meeting was being held in October. The letter then goes on to describe in harrowing detail how Again, we were talking of the arrangements for the election the writer had gone to bed very tired; had been disturbed, of our present Master. and "compelled to witness a good deal of what went on, A Fellow asked the President if people other than members which is tiresome at my time of life". There is, in fact, a of the College could attend the election in the Chapel. perceptible change in tone, which on the surface is somewhat The President asked him what sort of people he had in mind. puzzling. At a deeper level of interpretation, however, all is "Some of the Fellows ", replied the questioner, "are married, quite clear; this letter is a good example of that class of for example." "What's that?" cried Heitland, once more cupping docum a definiteobject, though its apparent that eloquent hand to his ent which pursues ear, "married fo r example contents indefinite and confused. The description of the !" I do not remember if the are question survived our mirth. goings on in New Court is really only a pretext. The under­ A Junior Bursar is lying objec against the Deans. Heitland fortunate among College Officers, in t is to lay a complaint that he leaves his mark was, if I example of the kind firmly on the College, for good or ill. may say so, a remarkably good New buildings, or Wrong at least new parts of old buildings, mark of man described as a Squirradical by Stevenson in the his progress-if there Box; has been progress ; the archives of his indeed he might have changed places with Mr Bloom­ field, without any violence to that admirable novel. Heit- 143 HEITLAND AS J.B. 142 THE EAGLE C, as VIctIms of the land was a good anti-clerical ; he was also a sturdy opponent indeed Mr D now joined A, B and One feels rather sorry for these gentle­ of bureaucracy. Conflict with the Deans, therefore, was Church's discipline. the party of non-combatants, caught in hardly to be avoided. It would appear from this first letter men-a helpless little forces. But one of the major that Heitland wished to suggest that the state of discipline cannonade of large opposing was fully alive to the miseries of their in the New Court went far to discredit the clerical bureaucracy combatants, at any rate, in the main issue by the strategy of which was supposed to control that turbulent district. And position. Outmanreuvred at least attempt to save his pupils he was not altogether displeased to be able to draw the the Dean, Heitland could had fallen on them-and at the same Master's attention to the bonfires and the fireworks. The from the wrath which about the Dean which needed to letter is not merely the letter of a man who has lost a night's time say one or two things rest; it is also the letter of a man who is not going to have lost be said: his night's rest for nothing. Dear Master, of from the Senior Dean about a pupil The Dean, however, dealt with the situation in a masterly I have just got a note to yesterday refused to allow his name way. Ignoring the underlying intention of the Tutor's mine by name D. Mr -- now offers to fine him £2.. 10. 0 stand on the Long Vcn list. He complaint, he affected to take it at its face value, and set about to accept· the offer, for in my ad. I have at present refused inste ridiculous and contemptible prosecuting the offenderswith all the rigour of the law. Oddly n it presents the College in a opinio D could easily pay the fine. enough, most of them were Heitland's own pupils. All this I ask your approval of my action. light. suit me very well for the poor, like A and B. And it would appears from the next letter: He is not to come up. But the matter settled, and D allowed moment to have to miss the Dear Master, sent away at Mr --'s order so as he has already been It is a people to inconvenience and annoyance. You will probably hear from the Dean about a noise, bonfire, Ball and put his seems to me him. To forgive him the rest fireworks, & in College on the night of last Tuesday, the 1 4th. severe punishment to S• To compound with him for 50 A complete list of penalties imposed would probably astonish possible with dignity and grace. and awkward bathos. you. I have to refer in particular to 3 cases of large fines imposed seems to me an undignified am roused at last. on pupils of mine, A. £5, B. £5, C. £2. 10S. They are all men of I have been very patient, but I Ct are quite common, of late almost excellent character; A. & B. men to whom every penny is a matter I say that noises in the New keep it quiet, they should put on of great importance. None of them has done anything in the least normal : that, if the Deans wish to fitful outbursts of activity degree shameful. In a moment of excitement surprise it with at what they deemed a steady pressure, not penalties. We have a College triumph in by schedules of extreme and arbitrary the Boat Races, they acted with some levity followed and the mischief and unwisdom. They confessed their fault, and it appears to me that in fact English institutions and Turkish practice, a mild penalty would have sufficed. A. & B. were sent down yester­ done is more than any man can tell. now write to you in a less day. I am not allowed to tell them that they will in fact be allowed I have told Mr -- that I should venture to say that, if all to come up in the Long Vacn, and the poor little holiday they are resigned tone than before. Indeed I still too much would have been now having is being sadly spoilt by fear of a prohibition that would pending punishments were remitted, do them a lifelong injury if enforced. I offer no comment here on done. in so small a matter. of any further penalties, this method of punishment. I protest therefore against the infliction

Mr -- and myself seem to have no common platform in and call for an amnesty. questions of discipline. A warm dispute betweenus would only serve amnesty was granted, and the Dean's to make more unpleasantness h We may hope that the and to obscure the respect with whic Heitland had failed in the I regard him in other relations of life. I have therefore said very wrath stayed in mid-course. And if phrase about English little, but quietly bowed to the storm. �ain action, I am not sure that the I does not constitute a minor The storm, however, for all the Tutor's bowing, continued �stitutions and Turkish practice Vict y to rage. The prosecution of Heitland's pupils was not relaxed ; or . 144 THE EAGLE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST 145 F IND� not be.far wrong if we say that in the late and I think we shall A NOTE ON FINDS OF ARCHAEO­ the fourteenth or fifteenth rnedieval period (perhaps in LOG ICAL INTEREST RECENTLY (or bodies) were dug up century) a number of skeletons and thrown into this pit MADE IN THE COLLEGE frorn sorne neighbouring cemetery then the Hospital of dug near the buildings of what was N the autumn of 1938 and the spring of 1939 during the skeletons St John, The two Roman (?) sherds found with excavations for the foundations of the new College build­ Iings at present being built to the north of Second Court and the Chapel and on the south side of Bridge Street, many interesting archaeological finds were made. These finds consisted of pottery and skeletons. Im­ mediately to the north of Second Court and in the angle between the north wall of Second Court and the west wall of the Chapel, test excavations and excavations for the founda­ tions of the new arcade revealed at a depth of some ten feet a pit cut into the natural ground surface which had been filledup with a miscellaneous assortment of skeletal fragments. No purposeful excavation was possible, but from the holes dug by the builders were recovered the remains of at least a dozen individuals. Ten skulls in good condition have been placed by the College Council on permanent loan in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, where they are at present being studied by Mr J. C. Trevor. The bones which filled up the pit were in a very confused state and clearly did not represent a cemetery of any kind : it seems likely that they had been dug out from some other cemetery and thrown in this pit, or possibly the pit may be a plague-pit. Together with the skeletons were found a large number of oyster shells and one or two sherds of pottery-possibly Roman in date. Sherd of medieval pot found on the site of the St John's College new buildings. Actual size. The dating of these skeletons is not difficult: from the nal character of the burials there is little doubt that they are do not date them: they were not found in depositio Roman post-Saxon in date and from their position they must surely association, and, in view of the great quantity of to antedate the building of the north wing of Second Court (i.e. pottery found on the site as a whole, there is little need pre-Iate-sixteenth century). Mr Trevor, from a p 'reliminary wonder at the presence of these two sherds in the pit. Without im­ examination of these skulls, assures me that they closely careful excavation for many days it would have been resemble in many ways skulls from the well-known medieval possible to determine the extent of this pit and to estimate cemeteries of Hythe, Rothwell, Upchurch and Dover.These the number of people buried in it: but from observations in cemeteries are dated to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a number of the holes cut, it seemed to me that the pit was 10 ELl 147 EOLOGICAL INTEREST FIND OF ARCHA 146 THE EAGLE � of interest save for a great number an extremely large one and that it probably extended originally und of archaeological William fo some exceptionally good underneath the present chapel. clay pipes of all dates-with Mary examples. The pottery finds from the new buildings site are even and old. In the firstplace interest of all these finds is twof more interesting than the bones : they were found all over the The of Roman pottery on a ortant to find such a quantity site from the north wall of Second Court right out to Bridge it is imp river from the and on the other side of the Street-the most prolificareas being those where deep excava­ site outside of situated on town of Cambridge which was tions were made for the basement rooms of the new buildings. Roman so-called is most in­ Hill. In the second place it The earliest pottery found was Roman: no pre-Roman what is now Castle grounds a to claim for the College ceramic turned up. The Roman pottery includes Castor ware teresting to be able and continuity of human occupation. beakers and platters of various kinds; painted wares ; mor­ remarkable antiquity have said, buildings has given us, as we taria ; greyware ollae and lids ; fragments of large stone jars The site of the new dates from Roman to the present day with the made at the well-known kilns at Horningsea; and fragments pottery of all gap is filled Pagan Saxon period-and this of Samian ware of the second century imported from exception of the site A.D. Anglo-Saxon cemetery on the Gaul. The Roman sherds included a lid (comparatively rare in by the important pagan Field, courts in the College Cricket in Romano-British contexts) painted with an orange slip, and of the former racquets be few nkinson in 1888. There can which was excavated by Je the base of a Samian dish cut down and bored to form a a continuity of historical sites in Cambridge with such spindle-whorl. thought that a College so occupation, and it is an amusing No pagan Anglo-Saxon pottery was found, but there and antiquaries should itself, well known for its historians occurred sherds of a large bowl with inturned rim of a kind of nearly two thousand years. through its site, boast a history not yet fully studied but attributed to the Late Saxon period to express my thanks to J. A. In conclusion I should like and found chieflyin the Ouse and Cam valleys. There were assistance in recovering and P. H. Baldwin for their also some sherds of a hard grey ware with thumb-impressed Barnes here, and to Miss the remains described briefly strap work; probably Norman in date. A very large amount many of Mr J. C. Trevor Mr T. C. Lethbridge and of medieval pottery was found, including many types of M. M. O'Reilly, E. D. finds with me. G. pitchers, bowls and pipkins, and yielding many examples of for discussing the glazes, including a charming green glaze. One sherd, illus­ trated here, has a delightful green glaze and an amusing representation of a human face above the handle. It may JOHNIANA perhaps be assigned to the fourteenth or fifteenth centuries poet and pamphleteer, and compared with other figured decorated pottery of the 1. Thomas Nashe, the Elizabethan to 1 588, has several references period, such as the fifteenth century jug in the Fitzwilliam who was at St John's from 1 582 John's "is and ever was the in his works to the College : St Museum, or the large pot from Earith in Huntingdonshire university" : "St John's sw of knowledge in all the in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology : it is of the eetest nurse so farre above all w versity within itself, shining same class as the famous thirteenth-century jug, with mounted as as an Uni that no colledge ther houses, halls, and hospitals whatsoever, knights in armour in relief, in the Fitzwilliam. Examples of � with the tithe of her lU the was able to compare ceramics of all dates were found from the late Medieval up to towne supply all other tude the College was "able to nineteenth-century Wedgwood and common present-day � nts"; and royal erection In defects-and namely that wares. Apart from the pottery and skeletons there was little ferior foundations' 10-2 JOHNIANA 149 148 THE EAGLE it zeal .outrunninghis discretion, which, of Trinity Colledge, which the University Orator, in an example of Wanley's eemS, it often did. epistle to the Duke of Somerset, aptly named 'Colonia s I had a desire to look " ...When I saw (Mr Baker] last, Deducta' from the suburbs of St John's". library ; I saw some of n the MSS. in (St John's] College These quotations are fairly familia r; but in "AnAlmond upo which being among others, took notice of a Deed, for a Parratt", a violent anti-puritan pamphlet attributed to them, and It his bookseller, he gave to the place. Nashe, there is an amusing anecdote that is not very well given to Mr Baker by 1075, containing the Acts of the known. He is speaking of the Puritans in the matter of is an original, dated A.D. in that year, and signed by those perjury : "Tush, they account it no sin as long as it is in the Council, holden at London printed in the second vol. of who were assessors therein. It is way of protestation, being in the mind of the good old fellow not correctly, nor from in Cambridge, who, sitting in St John's as Senior at the Sir Henry Spelman's Councils, but your Lordship it is very valuable, as giving fellows' election, was reprehended by some of his betters, any original. To Synod, authentically ; a date of a hand for that he gave his voice with a dunce like himself, contrary to you the acts of a great and the hands or signs of our most eminent oath, statute, and conscience : why, quoth he, I neither respect of that antiquity; I desire to know your Lordship's oath, statu Churchmen of that time. te, nor conscience, but only the glory of God." write to Dr Jenkin the noble pleasure ; whether I may not an exchange between you and the college H. The following is an extract from a letter written by Master, to procure for some duplicate book, or a small Humfrey Wanley, dated at Wimpole 10 February 1715/6, to for this old Parchment, guinea) in money. In order to this, I have Edward Harley, afterwards second Earl of Oxford. Humfrey matter (suppose a ; who will declare himself willing Wanley (16 already Mr Baker's consent 71/2-1726) was librarian to Lord Oxford and even ... " that your Lordship should have it. more active than his master in collecting books for the have the fineBi ble " ...I have a great mind that you should Harleian Library. There is an account of him in Professor ' their MSS., and have you saw at St John's College, among A. S. Turberville's History of Welbeck Abbey and its Owners serve you therein. spoken to Mr B about it, who will willingly (London 1938), pp. 364 ff. Both he and Harley, according English nation of its I, It is by much the finest book of the to Masters (Memoirs of Thomas Baker (Cambridge 1784), least to enter into kind ; and but one more than dare in the pp. 106 ff.), were in the habit of visiting Baker, in the College, for any money competition with it, and that, not to be had from Wimpole, where Oxford had built a library designed by nor of whom, nor whatever. The College know not when, James Gibbs. In view of Baker's generosity to the College you. Your Lord­ how, they came by it; which will make for Library, it is improbable that he would have countenanced sum for it, but ship heard that they havebeen bidden a good the transfer to Lord Oxford of the College's Great Bible this in your refused the same. I would willingly have (1539) priilted on vellum, which came from John Williams' and am of collection (now while I have friends there), collection, or even of the interesting document which he same impression, opinion with Mr B that for a duplicate of the himself had given, the Concilium Londiniense, of which the in money, your making up an equivalent to them late Dr M. R. James said "This copy is contemporary, I Lordship on the fo you may compass it, if you lay hold should think, with the Council. There is a certain variety in r their Library, the signatures of the subscribers which at first sight gives the present opportunity." impression that they may be autogra printed phs." This letter, been formed for the encourage­ from Historical Manuscripts Commission. MSS. of the Duke Ill. A society has recently ment of of the history and antiquities of Cambridge of Portland, Welbeck Abbey, v (1899), p. 525, is probably an the study 15° THE EAGLE BOOK REVIEW S and Cambridgeshire. ISI At the head is the Rev. the Master Matgaret Boat Club, and had been one of the three J ohnians St John's of Lady College ....The annual subscription, commencin who rowed in the first Intet-University Boat Race in 1829. Many with g the year 1840, is thirty shillings. a worthy and able missionary had failed in New Zealand because From " 100 Years Ago ", in the Cambridge Independent in his bearing he had not the touch of arrogance, or of self­ Press, 2 June 1939. assurance, to mark him out as a "chief". The Maori chief was Ralph an aristocrat of the deepest dye ; the "public school spirit " was Tatham, D.D., was elected Master of the College, 7 May 1839. something he could understand-for was he not, himself, trained by priests for the responsibilities which would devolve upon him? IV. There With a powerful intellect, athletic ability well above the average, is the first champion, the late Lady Margaret Hamilton Russell, then and confidence in his own capacity to rule, Selwyn seemed pre­ Scott, of whom we all think and talk, even as we do of destined to succeed. the founder of St John's College at Cam­ He arrived in New Zealand in May 1842, and was quickly bridge, simply as Lady Margaret. With'her lovely, long swing, persuaded of the need for a school "similar to ...an English her straw hat, and her parasol between the shots she is part Public School, a school for the higher education of the Maoris, of history. and a theological college for European candidates for Holy Orders." "Golf, To fill these wants the College of St John the Evangelist was The Ladies' Museum." From The Times, 18 February 1939. founded at Waimate in the far north of the North Island on the Feast of the Epiphany (6 January) 1843. An appeal was made in England for funds, and, amongst others, Johnians responded with BOOK REVIEWS a gift of £700 for the foundation of a Lady Margaret Scholarship, in recognition of the work of "three of our most valued brethren The College of St ...the Right Reverend George Augustus Selwyn, Bishop of New John the Evangelist, Auckland, New Zealand, by the Venerable W. J. SIMKIN, Zealand ; William Martin, Chief Justice of the same Colony ; and Wellington, N.Z. 1938. the Reverend Thomas Whytehead, Chaplain to the Bishop ". In It is probably true 1937 the fund had grown, by wise investment, to £5500. The that colonial history-in so far as made by individuals-has history is College was moved shortly after its foundation to Auckland, and been made largely by mediocrities by able men who and its permanent establishment seriously begun. Selwyn himself were social misfits ; but George Augustus Selwyn was neither of these. lived on the College estate, and interested himself most actively He was a man of great talent with a career of usefulness and distinction in its work-his home was continually thronged with its students. opening out before him in England when, in 1841, he The College's later fortunes have been various. Increasingly it accepted election as first Bishop of New Zealand. He believed it has devoted itself to its theological work ; many of its students have was his duty to God to take up the responsibilities that the done distinguished work in the Church-some few outside it. Church wanted to place upon him; he found great opportunities, But during most of its career the College Trustees have controlled and St John's College, at Auckland, one of the memorials is :;chools as well ; to-day King's College and its associated pre­ to the manner in which he seized them. Cambridge had already paratory school are under its government. Even so, the influence had its part in New Zealand affairs the Maori ; of Se1wyn's foundation of St John'S has so far fallen short of his language was given its permanent and spelling very satisfactory greatest in 1820 by Samuel Lee, then Sir Thomas Adams' hopes, but it has never known adversity so great as to fessor Pro­ make these seem ultimately impossible of fulfilment. of Arabic ; the firstgreat figure in the New Zealand aspirations Samuel Marsden, was a mission, St John's was the focal point of Selwyn's work, and from it he Magdalene man ; and, must one say it, the Baron de Thierry tr v lled unceasingly in New Zealand and the Pacific. As who, in 1835, had proclaimed himself king � � in New Zealand had nlSslOnary, promoter of education, traveller, preacher, athlete, he been at Downing? And now it was Selwyn's � turn. If it was IS remembered; even the churches built under his influence still an accident, it was a happy one that the first Bishop ·of New stand in contrast to the barn-like wooden structures built in later Zealand was an Etonian, had been captain the of years by the practical, and to the neo-Gothic extravagance into 152 THE EAGLE BOOK REVIEWS 153 which for sale. the well-meaning allowed themselves to be led. Perhaps of fish, and the use of the offal for growing vegetables of soil from only in primitive and in small communities can men still attain There was a touch of comedy at the start. A parcel analysis and to the true stature of heroes, and it is in this select band that the the garden was sent to a friend at Cambridge for post-office average New Zealander would place Selwyn-a shadowy figure report by the School of Agriculture. Somebody in the d a of whom a little is known and a lot imagined. St John's College, played a trick and exchanged two labels : his friend receive Auckland, is but one of many memorials to his work, and if, in a brace of excellent pheasants, and somebody else got a tin of earth. sense, it is the most lasting (in New Zealand) it cannot be said of But the business ended in tragedy : local customers liked neither Selwyn, as it has been of Napoleon, that the most enduring the higher prices for first-grade fish, nor fish so infernally fresh achievement of his government was the one with which he had that you had to keep it until it acquired the accustomed flavour. least to do. The power-trawler, bought in succession to a sailing-trawler but Archdeacon Simkin's book has faults as a history ; but it is, never even taken to sea, dragged her moorings and was nearly perhaps, in these that its greatest virtues lie. For it is written as a wrecked, the slump came, and bankruptcy was only just avoided. guide to the future rather than as an account of the past. "The It was not a cheering start. But the power of writing began to 'golden age ' of St John's must be before and not behind." return, and the old desire "to learn everything about everything hope of gaining a clue to the reality of something ". There J. w. D. in the were all sorts of adventures, physical and spiritual as well as an interlude in the Furniture Trade and a Straw into Gold: An account of the doings of a Worker in ideas literary, including fateful meeting with a Lady in a Blue Hat, serving at from the Armistice of '18 to the Crisis 01 '38, by consequent EDMUND another stall in the Woman's Exhibition at Olympia. Railway VA Methuen LE. and Co., Ltd., 1939. 12s. 6d. enthusiasts should get the book, for Mr Vale was commissioned Rumpelstiltsken's song to do the descriptive " route books " for the L.M.S. and did them thoroughly, as he did everything, surveying the whole of each " Round about, Round about route by bicycle or on foot-and they should read his note on Lo and behold ! railway rhythms. A trip to Canada, with a view to a book about Reel away, Reel away steamers for Dent's, led to a commission to do "something Straw into Gold " similar " to the L.M.S. route-books for the C.P.R. (though it stands on the title-page of Mr Vale's book, and the actual title is didn't turn out quite similar), and Ireland followed-and a book but a summary of this. Too ambitious a title, he admits, for the about the L.M.S. steamers. (The timetable for the departure of present facts if you willtake it literally, for the Bank Balance has the Irish Mail Boat from Holyhead is fascinating.) The penulti­ been often "more properly the Bank Overdraft "; but the story mate chapter tells of an adventure into the Games World (table has not ended yet, and anyway Banks do not deal in real gold. The games) : and that sends my mind back to the glorious Wooden book-I quote from the delightful Dedication-" has a point Horse, that jolting Pegasus-why didn't it succeed? But I'd rather than a moral, and the point is that an op timist can make better stop, though I feel I have given but an inadequate notion of something out of nothing. So I have tried to show, for the confusion the book with its vividly pictured succession of experiences, not of all pessimists, how something can be made out of nothing (sans least among them experiences (what else can one call them?) of capital, sans apparatus, and sans coterie ". the scenery and the solitudes of Wales. Mr Vale writes the dedica­ It is a varied and absorbing tale. Mr Vale took his B.A. in 1913 tion (to the Lady in the Blue Hat) from Nant Ffrancon Pass, and the War caught him in 1914. Before that fatal August, he where he has been settled for a long time, and the family has already had two books to his name and had been accepted by grown. Blackwood and the Cornhill. But, when free again in 1919, he And what has been the ultimate effect on him of it all-hustle found his work a failure. He thought he might be able to "use and contemplation, successes and disasters, happiness and dis­ the commercial medium as a stepping stone to the romantic appointments ? Let me cite his own words, immediately following medium ", settled in Anglesey and formed with a fellow ex-officer those I have quoted above as showing his standpoint in 1919. "I the Penmon Gardens Company to combine trawling, the selling have come to alter my view entirely, to believe that the most N 155 154 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRO ICLE nature. place on 23 February, and was of an entirely new rewarding mode of life is to live in the romantic medium and take took discussion, ingham directed a"very lively and interesting the means that you find there for forcing the commercial medium Mr Cunn and to yield you a livelihood. Of course you must be a true believer concerned chiefly with the relations between mathematics to do this. The romantic world is a region which tolerates illusion ysics. ph Music Room on but not deception. It is no place for poseurs and coterie triflers. third Society Dinner was held in the The attended. The It is the most exclusive and yet the most prodigally generous of all March, and twenty-five members and two guests 9 enjoyed by all, and the worlds. You cannot go to it via commerce though you can go to Dinner was a great success and thoroughly commerce via it." speeches were of the usual high standard. 27 April, Dr Wilkes Good luck to the continuation of the story, and the Lady in the At the first meeting of the Easter Term, on Machines ". He covered Blue Hat. gave a talk on "The Use of Calculating U. concluded with some G. Y. a wide range of the subject, and the meeting amateur demonstrations on Mr J effreys' machine. K(G)ANTHI, or The Sp irit and Service on May. After Stories, by K. G. The Annual Business Meeting took place 11 " interesting lecture on REDDIAR. the retiring President had given a very read and passed "Elementary Logic", the Treasurer's Report was Kanthi means "Illumination ", and these are unaffected tales of : President, officers for the ensuing year elected as follows Indian life, written for the most part while the author was studying and G. White­ er ; Vice-President, D. D. Filtness ; Secretary, at Cambridge and Oxford. In a prefatory letter Hilton Brown R. Turn Treasurer, P. P. Agarwal. speaks of the sure and masterly touch of these delicate evocations house ; of memories of childhood, or incidents of daily life. It is fitting that an old Johnian should be able so to harmonise eastern life and philosophy with western style and outlook, and his tales will be read with pleasure by those interested in India, or in the fasci­ THE CLASSICAL SOCIETY nating processes of growing up, or even in the vagaries of Indian typesetting. I. P. W. President: H. C. RACKHAM. Secretary : A. G. LEE. Treasurer: R. D. WILLIAMS. on Thursday, THE first meeting of the Lent Term was held paper on 26 January, when Mr V. S. Vernon-Jones read a nowadays COLLEGE CHRONICLE "Xenophon ". Mr Vernon-Jones said that Xenophon sketch of was undeservedly neglected, and, after giving a general the Oecono­ THE ADAMS SOCIETY his writings, read some delightful translations from style. micus, which revealed the wit and freshness of Xenophon's President: P. E. MONTAGNON. Vice-President: R. TURNER. paper. We must thank Mr Vernon-Jones for a very entertaining Secretary: D. D. FILTNESS. Treasurer: P. L. SPENCER. read At the next meeting on 13 February, members of the Society R. L. Howland gave THE Society held three meetings in the Lent Term. On the Antigone of Sophocles. On 2 March Mr and led an interesting 26 January Professor Hardy spoke on "Some Problems of a short account of Plato's views on Poetry, Greek athletics. The Ramanujan", in which he dealt mainly with the summation of discussion ranging from didactic poetry to when the Bacchides certain numerical infinite series. last meeting of the term took place on 6 March At the second meeting, on February, J. D. Banks gave a paper of Plautus was read. 9 dinner was held, at on "Some Early Indian Mathematics ". He mentioned their n Wednesday, 26 May, a very successful C? Glover and gave him an development of the theory of indeterminate equations, and illus­ w�l�h the Society said good-bye to Mr great work for Classics in trated this with several amusiNg and peculiarly worded problems. editIOn of Horace in appreciation of his The Annual Joint Meeting with Trinity Mathematical Society the University. 156 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE 157

THE DEBATING SOCIETY THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

President: J. A. F. ENNALS. Vice-President:F. H. HINSLEY. Secretary: President: THE MASTER. Secretary: T. P. R. LASLETT. A. BROOK. Committee: T. J. BOWEN, J. D. HAYMAN, K. c. of NADARAJAH, V. SARABHAI. This Society continues to flourish, and, though the number undergraduates reading papers during the year has somewhat THE First meeting of the new Debating Society was held on diminished, the large attendance at its meetings and the general Sunday, 12 February 1939, in the Music Room, at 8,30 p.m. The enthusiasm of its members seem to indicate that the historians of Master was in the chair. A provisional constitution was adopted, St John's have become conscious of their solidarity as a distinctive the above officerselected, and the House then proceeded to discuss part of the Cambridge History School. the motion " That America is a Bad Thing ". As was to be expected, We are grateful to the many outside speakers who read to us. T. J. Bowen was very much at home proposing the motion, and Mr Brittain, the Librarian of Jesus, began the year with a unique D. J. Bradley had no difficulty in continuing to entertain the house paper on the "Medieval Troubadour". He illustrated what he on the theme " Trout jump better in America ". J. A. F. Ennals had to say with excerpts from the Troubadour's repertoire, which seconded the motion with a wide historical survey, and A. Brook he sang in the original Romance. This bold departure was a developed other points to America's credit side, including President complete success. Mr Brittain almost succeeded in convincing us Roosevelt's part in avoiding war last September. After a most that he had been born out of due season. varied debate, ranging from J. K. Edwards's dislike of American Noel Annan of King's read the second Michaelmas paper on jazz to P. A. L. Chapple's enthusiasm for the Youth Pilgrimage, " Admiral Byng ". He handledthe subject with considerable literary the House divided, to reject the motion by 28 votes to 12. skill and marked historical acuteness. The discussion which The second meeting of the Society was held on 12 March, in followed the paper was an admirable opportunity for the airing of conjunction with Clare College Debating Society on a subject of a more general interest than that of special­ , the motion views on "That this House prefers Crocuses to Cripps ". S. W. Temple­ ised research, and the meeting made good use of it. But no one man, proposing, pleaded for balanced values, but H. H. Gott, of felt disposed to quarrel with Mr Annan's closely reasoned and Clare, praised Cripps wholeheartedly ; his colleague, J. B. Satter­ well-documented judgments on the unfortunate admiral. thwaite, confined himself to crocuses. R. B. Hodgetts condemned The President read the last paper of the Christmas Term in the apathy, and in the course of a long debate. G. B. Scurfield wished luxurious surroundings of his own set of rooms, and it took the that the words " Sir Stafford " had been included, while J. D. form of a thesis in the psychology of historical opinion under the Hayman declared that Cripps would provide the peace in which title "The Returning King ". Mr Charlesworth anatomised the crocuses would flourish. On the casting vote of the President, the pers stent and curiously fascinating phenomenon of the leader who motion was carried, by 16 votes to IS. refuses to die, whose people insist on regarding him as but asleep, The third meeting of the Society was held on 30 April, and, to return some day in a greater than his pristine glory. The subtle after ratifying the constitution, elected officers for next year.These and attractive manner in which this subject was treated evoked a are : President, F. H. Hinsley ; Vice-President, A. Brook ; Secretary, number of speculative hypotheses from his audience and the V. Sarabhai ; Committee, J. K. O'N. Edwards, L. A. Lickerish, discussion was of considerable value. G. B. Scurfield, S. W. Templeman. 1. P. Watt then moved " That , Mr Salter read us a paper on the nature, intellectual and this Seat of Learning needs Patching "; F. H. Hinsley raised the historical, of the Renascence under the mysterious title of "The tone of the debate, and A. E. J ones and V. Sarabhai made con­ Corpse of Julia " as an introduction to our next term's meetings. structive speeches. During the speeches that followed it was Both the character of the movement per se and its subsequent , interesting to see that most members, of widely opposed political hlstorification were treated, and came in for their due share of views, had similar criticisms to make of the university system. pungent criticism. The meeting was in an alert and appreciative The motion was carried by three votes. mood, and discussion was vigorous and instructive. I. P. W • T. C. G. James was the next reader, and the first undergraduate 158 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE 1 59 on the list. His subject was that long-neglected respository of the Society filled in the gap by reading papers, which they had historical evidence, the diary of John Wesley, and he took the prepared at very short notice. Mr Sanderson chose " Flavines and opportunity of appreciating its value to the social, and even the Flavoproteins " fo r his subject, and gave a very interesting account demographical, historian, and of discussing the importance of the of their discovery and the part they play in vital processes. movement the great religious leader led and created to his times. Mr Stanton followed, his paper being entitled "The History of The paper was thorough and inclusive : those who heard it found the Cardiovascular System", in which he described the ideas and a great deal on which to comment and to discuss. work of all the major pioneers in this subject. It was generally It was indeed a pleasure to have our secretary of two summers voted by members present that this was a very successful meeting. past return from Pembroke to the following meeting and give a The second General Meeting took the form of a debate, which truly brilliant exposition of "The English Civil War and Land was held in conjunction with the Law Society. Professor Winfield Ownership ". Mr Habakkuk lucidly described the complex was in the Chair, the motion before the house being, "That in the changes of ownership which took place during the period, and opinion of this House the Present Basis for the Punishment of traced their effects on the estates and family fortunes of the Criminal Offenders is to be deplored". Mr J. B. Stanton and houses, great and small, who bought and sold land. His paper Mr S. Neumann spoke for the motion and Mr Lloyd Jones and concluded with a thesis on the later seventeenth-century growth Mr 1. M. Smith spoke against it. Mter a number of other of greater estates and the increased activity of the state in this speakers had followed, the motion was carried by a considerable sphere. No one could fail to appreciate the limpid clarity with majority. which this intricate subject was dealt or the value of the observa­ At the Annual Dinner on 13 March, Dr Davies, the President tions which were made. of the Law Society and Mr Jimmy Smith were the guests. F. H. Hinsley concluded the year with a vigorous and stimu­ Speeches were made by Mr Charleswor th, the undergraduate lating treatment of "The Constitutional Position in the Reign of Vice-President, the Secretary, and Dr Davies. Stephen ". What he had to say was obviously the result of a great The election of officers for the year 1939-40 were made as deal of industrious study and he showed himself willing to defend follows : Undergraduate Vice-President: I. M. SMITH. Hon. Secre­ his own original viewpoint against all-corners. He earned the tary: R. N. JONES. Hon. Treasurer: c. S. MCKENDRICK. Third-year distinction of being the first known paper reader in our Society member of the Committee: A. R. H. HICKS. Second-year members of whose opponents felt it necessary to bring with them documentary the Committee : N. T. WELFORD and T. C. BEARD. evidence to sustain their objections. It is no reflection on our readers to say that the Triennial Dinner which followed hard on this meeting was the great success of the year. Practically the whole Society dined, and as a result THE MUSICAL SOCIETY of the sustained exertions of a committee set up for the purpose, the occasion was quite a brilliant one. Mr Gatty's excellent President: THE PRESIDENT. Senior Treasurer: MR NEWMAN. hospitality on that occasion was greatly appreciated. Librarian: DR HOLLICK. Musical Director: MR ORR. Junior Trea­ surer : 1. R. FRASER. Hon. Secretary: G. C. T. RICHARDS. ! HERE have been four concerts and an organ recital since the last THE MEDICAL SOCIETY lSSue of The Eagle. The first, held in the Combination Room on I December, had an interesting though perhaps over-varied pro­ Undergraduate Vice-President: E. v. MACKAY. Hon. Secretary: gramme. R. D. Price-Smith's group of Warlock songs was w. F. FELTON. Hon. Treasurer: w. o. ATTLEE. Committee: J. B. especially effective. STANTON, I. M. SMITH, A. R. H. HICKS. The second concert, held on 29 January in the Music Room, Two General Meetings and the Annual Dinner of the Society Was notable for the well-contrasted piano items by Mr Orr and were held during the Lent Term. Owing to the inability of R. B. Marchant, the firstthe Sonatina of John Ireland, the second t Dr Green to findtime to address the firstmeeting, two members of he charming Beethoven Sonata, Op. 14, no. n. 160 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE 161 The concert held on IS February was interesting for R. B. paper on "Arctic and Anta.rctic Seals " by Dr G. C. L. Bertram. Marchant's energetic and vigorous "Allegro con Spirito " for He explained that a true seal had the hind legs permanently turned Violin and Piano, played by O. E. A. Koch and the composer, and back like a tail and that those which lived on crabs had teeth for A. G. Lee's clear and musical performance of Mozart's fine shaped like Christmas trees. He then dealt with the breeding sonata in B � K 333. habits and told us that each bull might have a harem of about On 8 March an interesting concert was giv�n ; J. C. Gunn and thirty cows and that the pups were eventually born in a rookery ! A. G. Lee gave an excellent performance of the Bach 'cello sonata The last meeting of the term was to hear a paper by J. A. J ukes in D, and Mr Newman a vigorous and musical reading of Haydn's on " This Weather Business ". He dealt with the various factors D major pianoforte sonata. At the end the College Chorus which must be considered, such as cloud formations, temperature contributed an excellent group of part-songs. and pressure changes and finished by explaining the significance Lady Jeans's organ recital on 5 March was a great honour of the well-known " Depression over Iceland moving southwards ". for the Society and the College as a whole. Her programme was, as always, well chosen and well balanced, and her interpretations showed her usual extraordinary care and sense of the musically Lent Term effective. President: K. FEARNSIDE. Vice-Presidents: PROFESSOR APPLETON, The Society owes its thanks to Mrs Rootham for the gift of a DR HOLLICK, DR EVANS. Hon. Secretary : c. I. RUTHERFORD. viola and of much valuable music from Dr Rootham's library. Hon. Treasurer: L. A. LICKERISH. Committee: H. J. HAYGARTH, Our thanks are also due to N. T. Welford fo r installing a wireless R. G. SCHARDT. set in the new Music Room for a part of this term. Excellent reproductions of some of the Toscanini concerts were given. THIS term the members' paper came first in the term and was given by R. J. Lees on " Valve Circuits ". He dealt with the simple diode and trio de from a quantitative aspect and then qualitatively with the tetrode and pentode, explaining the uses of various valves for amplification and rectification. On 13 February the Society heard a paper by Dr D. H. THE NATURAL SCIENCE CLUB Valentine on "The Species ". His object was to show us the various ways in which a botanist may differentiate between species Michaelmas Term and what were the differences between the various species as President: R. J. LEES. Vice-Presidents: PROFESSOR APPLETON, DR distinct from variations of the same species. Dr Valentine then HOLLICK, DR EVANS. Hon. Secretary : K. FEARNSIDE. Hon. Treasurer : explained the formation of new species by the mutation of the c. I. RUTHERFORD. Committee: H. J. HAYGARTH, L. A. LICKERISH. chromosomes ; he showed many excellent slides. At the third meeting Dr H. Carmichael gave a paper on AT the first meeting of the term, which was held in G. C. Evans' "Cosmic Rays" in which he dealt chiefly with intense showers. rooms on �9 October, the President proposed that Dr Evans be He explained the use of the Geiger counter in the work done by elected a vice-president of the Society : this was carried unani­ Professor Auger on the Jungpanjoch. It was explained that it had mously. Dr Evans then gave his paper on "Tropical Forests ", been thought that each shoyver originated from one very fast­ which was an account of work in which he had taken a personal moving particle, but that recent work had shown that the energy hand in Southern Nigeria ; he described the difficulty experienced o� such a particle would have to be considerably greater than that in felling trees owing to their being tightly packed together and given out by the complete disintegration of a uranium atom showed an excellent series of slides. �ccording to the equation e�mc2. The true source of cosmic rays The second meeting of the term on 2 November was to hear a 1S still a mystery. paper by Mr M. V. Wilkes on "Very Long Wave Wireless ". This The final meeting of the term on 10 March was to hear a paper was concerned with work on radiations from G.B.R. at Rugby on b l Dr E. F. H. Baldwin on "Biochemistry in Evolution". He 18000 metres. A fortnight later the Society met again to hear a ealt largely with work in which he himself had been concerned

ELl II 162 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE 163 on the coast of France, on various marine animals. He was their presence and their speeches were Dr MacCurdy and the chiefly concerned with the different amino acids contained by the President of the College. The Society had taken sherry in C. H. muscles of vertebrates and invertebrates. Bayman's rooms before the Dinner, and festivities continued in As there was not a quorum present at this meeting a special J. C. Worthington's rooms after it. business meeting was held on 6 June to elect officersfor next year. At the finalmeeting of the season on 1 May a vote of thanks was moved to J. E. Padfield the retiring President, for his services, and the following elections were made for 1939-40 : THE THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY President: G. C. T. RICHARDS. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer: President: J. E. PADFIELD. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer: G. C. T. c. HARTLEY HAYMAN. Committee: THE REV. J. S. BOYS SMITH (Past­ RICHARDS. Committee: MR BOYS SMITH, T. P. R. LASLETT, J. C. President), J. M. CAMPBELL, G. A. POTTER, P. J. ROSS. WORTHINGTON, R. DE C. ALLEN. THE Society was most fortunate in obtaining Dr J. T. MacCurdy to deliver the first paper of the season in Mr Boys Smith's rooms ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL on 17 October on "Belief and Delusion ". This paper threw much light on an obscure question, and provoked a very stimulating President: REV. J. S. BOYS SMITH, M.A. Hon. Secretary : T. C. G. discussion. Professor Creed treated the Society to his hospitality JAMES. Captain: D. C. ARGYLE. Vice-Captain: A. C. GENDERS. Hon. and paper on the " Doctrinal Report " at the second meeting, and Secretary 2nd XI: w. M. INGRAM. dealt in a masterly manner with the problems raised in the Report ; he had himself been a member of the Doctrinal Commission. The THE first round of the "soccer " Knock-out Competition saw two other papers by senior members were those of Mr B. H. G. John's drawn against the eventual winners, St Catharine's. Our Wormald, in the Chaplain's rooms on 30 January ; and Dr Evans chances of victory were always slight, and virtually disappeared in his own rooms at the final meeting. Mr Wormald's paper, when two of our regular forwards were unable to play ; in fact we entitled "Christianity-Right or Left?" had been eagerly lost 1-4. Nevertheless so good was the work of the defence that awaited from the previous year, and was received with the interest for most of the game there was a possibility that we should force a it deserved, whilst Dr Evans's paper on "Science and Religion " draw. Perhaps the most notable feature of the match was a fine raised a heated discussion, lasting until a late hour. display of goalkeeping by C. G. Jones. The junior members were represented by J. D. Challis, E. Despite this early disappointment the term's football was very Miller, A. L. Manning and J. A. Barnes. Mr Challis on "The enjoyable and all members of the Club are grateful to Douglas First Book of Moses, called Genesis ", gave a convincing exposition Argyle who was in no small measure responsible for a happy of the Fundamentalist standpoint, whilst Mr Miller entertained season. Our President, too, should be thanked for the interest he us with a wealth of historical detail in his paper on " Some Aspects has shown in the Club. of the Social Theory of the Medieval Church ". It is always By victories over Jesus, King's and Trinity the Second XI won pleasant to be visited by members no longer resident in the the " Getting-on" Competition and ensured that next season the College, and we are most grateful to Mr Manning for coming in College will have two Xl's playing league " soccer". The Second from Ridley Hall to read us his paper on " Organised Christianity " ?Cl's, success capped W. M. Ingram's work throughout the season on 6 March in the Dean's rooms. Mr Challis read on I4 November 1n hls thankless office as their Secretary and Captain. in R: G. Walker's rooms, and Mr Miller on 28 November in Prospects for next season, since nine colours will be in residence, J. C. Worthington's. Mr Barnes, as might be expected by those see� good, and the Club offers its best wishes to Mr Boys who know him, read a most entertaining paper on "Ritual " in Smlth ; A. C. Genders, Captain ; T. C. G. James, Vice-Captain ; R. de C. AlIen's rooms, on 20 February. The attendance at C. Plumpton, Hon. Secretary ; and T. W. Dewar, Second XI Secretary . meetings has been generally good. . The Annual Dinner was held on 29 November in the Mus1c Room, and among the guests who honoured the Society with ill II'2 164 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE 165 In the Knock-out Competition, which was started during the THE ATHLETIC CLUB Michaelmas Term, R. R. S. Barker was the winner and the other finalist was J. C. Gunn. President: T. B. HERD. Vice-President: SIR HENRY HOWARD. The " cup per teams " : Hon. Secretary: M. RICKETTS. JOHN'S I JOHN'S II T HIS has been a very successful season. We won easily the Inter­ I. G. C. Curtis I. G. Williams Collegiate Knock-out Competition, Division n, and, after 2. J. H. J. Lean 2. E. P. Hicks challenging and beating Christ's, we are now restored to Our 3. R. R. S. Barker 3. H. Scott 4. J. C. Gunn 4. C. H. Braybrook rightful position in the First Division. In fact we experienced no 5. H. S. Peiser 5. G. Gibson very great difficulty in overcoming all opposition. It is not too much to expect that, with a reasonable wealth of talent among the "freshers ", we shall make a strong bid for the First Division Cup next year. THE CRICKET CLUB Results President: THE DEAN. Captain: J. P. BLAKE. Inter-Collegiate Competition, Division II Hon. Secretary: A. C. GENDERS. 1st Round : Beat Downing 67-40 First XI: J. P. Blake ; A. C. Genders ; B. D. Carris ; J. R. 2nd Round : Beat Fitzwilliam House 92-23 Thompson; C. L. Newton-Thompson ; J. D. Ruane ; T. B. Herd ; Semi-final : Beat King's 69-43 P. J. Dickinson; W. R. Buttle ; P. A. O. Wilson; T. S. Ringrose ; Final : Beat Selwyn 70-56 A. J. Briggs ; D. J. N. Hall ; R. D. Johnstone. Challenge Match : Beat Christ's 74-45. P. W. L. D. First XI I S 4 1 10 Colours for the season 1938-9 have been awarded as follows : Second XI 630 3 Full Colours: V. E. Collison ; D. G. Bratherton ; R. N. Posnett ; The 'Varsity, the Crusaders and examinations have usually taken C. L. Newton-Thompson ; J. F. Chambers ; W. H. Robinson ; more than half the team ; nevertheless we have managed always A. H. W. MacBean ; F. A. Espley. to put out a strong side. The batting has been very strong and Half-Colours: R. A. Peacock ; G. D. Sykes. nine centuries, including a double one by Dickinson against the Crusaders have been made. The reasons we have won so few matches are the near-perfect wickets, the fielding, which has been very bad, and an absence of " devil" in the bowling. THE CHESS CLUB We congratulate J. P. Blake on being awarded his Blue.

President: PROFESSOR DIRAC. Vice-President: E. P. HICKS. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer: H. SCOTT. Committee: G. H. TWIGG, THE HOCKEY CLUB J. l 'A. BROMWICH, B. K. BOOTY. Pre A T the beginning of the Lent Term a friendly match was played sident: THE PRESIDENT. Captain: J. P. BLAKE. Hon. Secretary: with High Table ; the President took part and the dons won by R. M. ARGYLE. Hon. Secretary Third XI: J. HINTON. five boards to three. THE Hockey Club has had an outstanding season this year. The first The Club was rather unfortunate in the " cuppers ", the weather was very kind and few games had to be scratched. team being beaten by a strong Pembroke side and the second team The First XI had more success than ever before on record. For losing to Corpus I. Len Baker, our very willing and able referee, does not remember

... 167 166 THE EA GLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE the team ever having reached even the semi-finalof the " cuppers ". The Tour, Easter 1939 This year it reached the final and was within an ace of winning Those who had doubts as to the strength of the touring side that factitious trophy, the " cup "-factitious since the Hockey were justified in their fears before the tour started, for it was a Association rules that no cup should be played for. very depleted First Team that left Cambridge. We were drawn against Pembroke in the first round, and beat But even the most optimistic could not have anticipated the them 3-1. It was a very fast and enjoyable game, especially as we excellent results, even if the standard of hockey was not always had the feeling, as we took the field, that they were one of the brilliant. strongest teams we were likely to meet. Next came the game The John's team won all their matches ; on no occasion did the against Christ's in the second round. We started this game very opponents score more than two goals, and the final result was poorly, our opponents scoring two goals to our none. Latterly, 29 goals for and 8 against. This was convincing and satisfactory, however, the team rallied well and scored four goals to win but had it not been for the excellent support from J. P. Blake and comfortably. In the semi-final we met Jesus, on our own ground. R. M. Argyle, the result might have been different. It was a pointless draw after many excitements. It was a game to On the whole, however, everyone did his share, and inspired be remembered for the determination of the Jesus team who, no doubt by the fiercenessof an ice-hockey match witnessed at the playing towards the end of the game with one man short through a Brighton Stadium, the side upheld its tradition by remaining regrettable but blameless accident, very nearly broke through to unbeaten. score. The replay was played on the 'Varsity Ground and ended T. Ringrose distinguished himself by winning the silver cup in an easy win for us by two goals to none. presented by the President for a Golf Competition between In the final, played on the 'Varsity Ground, we had an extra­ members of the touring side. ordinarily good game in spite of the persistent drizzle. After about The tour was a great success from all points of view, and is to a quarter of an hour's play we opened the scoring when J. P. Blake be repeated next year. with good anticipation was in the goal mouth ready to touch a centre from the left wing into the goal. Unfortunately, soon after this a short corner was awarded against us from which R. C. Gibb LADY MARGARET BOAT CLUB scored with a perfect shot. Mter this the game fluctuated from Pres£dent: THE MASTER. Sen£or Treasurer: MR GATTY. First Boat end to end except for a sequence of five short Corners awarded Captain : P. A. J. STURGE. Second Boat Captain: J. B. WILLIAMS. against Peterhouse, from which we were unfortunately not able to Hon. Secretary : I. R. FRASER. Jun£or Hon. Treasurer: P. M. BOYCE score. "No side " was blown with the scores still even, and so we Add£tional Boat Captain : R. M. BLAIKLEY. had ten minutes each way extra time. A bare five minutes from the end Peterhouse broke through and scored with a very good Lent Races, 1939 shot which could have been avoided had our defence not been THE success of the First Boat which began under Mr Meldrum's caught on the wrong foot. coaching last summer, was continued in the Lents. We rose from Our one weakness this year lay in the apparent inability of our eighth to fifth on the river, and it was unfortunate that the crew forwards, with the exception of J. P. Blake, to shoot goals in front did not gain their oars. Although four of our resident May of an open goal. colours were not eligible to row, the Boat was similar to the May F£rst XI: J. P. Blake, R. M. Argyle, D. C. Argyle, P. D. Wild, Boat of last year, in confidence and spirit, but with a greater T. S. Ringrose, R. N. Hansford, F. B. Wright, T. W. Atkinson, command of its style. On the first night inexperience and A. G. Lee, R. S. Yeaden, M. B. W. Howell, T. W. French. nervousness prevented the crew from doing its best, and Trinity F. B. Wright, unluckily for us, was unable to play in either the Hall made their bump before we caught up with them, but on the semi-finalor finalof the " cuppers " owing to the call of university thr e following nights Selwyn, First Trinity, and Jesus II were athletics, for his success in which we must congratulate him. � eaSily bumped, all between First Post Corner and Grassy Corner. A. G. Lee, our last year's right wing, was a very able substitute. The Second Boat rowed well, but they were between some R. M. Argyle is to be congratulated on playing for the 'Varsity. excellent crews and lost two places. They were well up on the first P D. Wild was elected a member of the Wanderer's Club. 169 168 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE the Head-of-the­ decided this year to enter a crew for night when King's I made a bump ahead of them, and on the next It was s who had to "runin " the four May colour night they were bumped by Sidney Sussex I. They rowed over on iver Race at Putney R to try out our proposed May Boat. the Friday night after a good race with Trinity Hall Il, but on the ot rowed in the Lents, and n on the Cam, but we had three days last day they failed to keep their form and went down to the Hall. Most of our training was done the race and R. Hambridge kindly coached The Third and Fourth Boats were composed almost entirely of on the tideway before The result was very encouraging, as we freshmen, who rowed hard and with plenty of spirit. The Third us in the evenings there. with only two Cambridge crews ahead Boat bumped Pembroke III on the second night but were rather finished fifth on the river unaccountably bumped back again the next night, and the Fourth of us. : Boat bumped Clare III and Caius Ill. The Fifth Boat was a The crew was as follows scratch crew of old hands, and they had very little practice before Bow J. B. Williams 2 P. M. Boyce the races. However, they went up two places in spite of being 3 M. L. B. Hall bumped on the second night as the result of several crabs. 4 R. M. Blaikley The crews were as follows : 5 P. A. J. Sturge 6 I. R. Fraser 7 A. J. Thomson First Boat Str. C. St A. Wylie st. lb. Cox C. J. G. Stanley Bow N. M. Lawrance ... 11 10 Pairs, R. J. Borchardt Three crews entered for the Bateman 2 J. P. Webber 10 9 and R. M. Blaikley, J. R. R. and J. P. Webber, A. J. Thomson 3 G. E. W. Holley ... 13 7 crews rowed in one race and 4 J. R. R. Dunlop .. . 12 4 Dunlop and P. F. Mallender. The 5 A. J. Thomson II 7 Thomson and Blaikley won. Sculls were won by 6 I. R. Fraser 12 7 The Andrews and Maples Freshmen's 7 M. L. B. Hall II 12 G. E. W. Holley in a fast time. Str. C. St A. Wylie 10 12 for the Forster-Fairbaim Pairs Cox 9 Thomson and Blaikley entered C. J. G. Stanley ... 6 Pairs in the Easter in the Lent Term, and for the Magdalene not disgraced. Second Boat Term, but they were defeated in both, although Third Boat until the Easter st. lb. st. lb. The Pearson Wright Sculls were postponed the Putney crew. There Bow E. G. Pearce ... II 4 Bow V. H. Rumsey 10 5 Term so as not to interrupt the training of II : 2 E. J. Armitage 10 10 2 P. K. Marks 8 were seven entries and the racing was as follows 3 R. J. Borchardt 12 3 3 R. M. Dohoo 10 6 Monro. A.J. Thomson 4 A. Mac!ver ... 10 7 4 E. P. Parker 13 rst Round. J. B. Williams beat P. A. G. 4 Fi I. R. Fraser. R. M. 5 D. St J. Edwards 12 2 5 P. L. Gabriel 10 8 beat P. A. J. Sturge. N. M. Lawrance beat 6 P. F. Mallender 12 3 6 P. T. M. Hughes 10 I Blaikley drew a bye. 7 J. A. L. Gorringe 10 12 C. R. B. Townend ... 9 10 Lawrance beat 7 Round. Thomson beat Williams. Str. H. C. Wilkinson II 2 Str. C. H. Hayman II 2 Second Cox G. A. Potter ... 9 4 Cox P. A. G. Monro 8 7 Blaikley. al. Thomson beat Lawrance. fin received for this event. Lowe Double Sculls. Four entries were Fourth Boat Fifth Boat the Club. Racing It is to be regretted that there were none from Bow G. F. Allan ... 10 5 Bow D. W. Robertson 10 5 was as follows: z G. E. Smart ... 10 II 2 I. R. Galbraith 12 2 (Trin. Hall) beat F C. B. Sanford and H. Parker '" 3 irst Round. 3 K. D. Gribbin 10 10 3 G. Gibson 10 by 3 sec. in 7 min. 49 sec. 10 G. I. Robb and I. P. Allnutt (Sid. Suss.) 4 H. L. Shorto 13 I 4 H. B. Rowan II beat B. C. Sheen and F. Kirby 10 13 5 F. R. Sharp ... II 0 A. Burrough and J. L. L. Savill (Jesus) 5 was taken. 6 D. J. Cornwell 11 3 6 J. G. Taylor 13 2 J. B. D. Goldie (Trin. Hall) by 17 sec. : no time II 6 Parker by l It sec. 7 K. J. Le Couteur 12 10 7 P. H. R. O. Beckett Fi Burrough and Savill beat Sanford and Str. R. F. Parker ... 11 3 Str. D. Waskett ... 12 2 nal. In. 7 COX J. D. Banks ... 9 6 COX J. M. Hendry 9 II min. 32 sec. 'i' 170 THE EAGLE COLLEGE CHRONICLE 171 May Races Second Boat Third Boat st. lb. st. lb. The standard of the first five boats in the First Division of the BoW P. L. Gabriel 10 9 Bow F. Kirby 10 12 Mays was higher than usual and the First Boat only improved its 2 A. MacIver ... 10 7 2 G. E. Smart 10 11 position on the river by 10 9 one place, although some of the practice 3 P. F. Mallender 12 3 3 J. Hodge times had been very fast. 4 H. C. Wilkinson 10 0 4 E. P. Parker 13 8 There was only one of our crew who had any distinction as an oarsman, 5 G. E. W. Holley 13 9 5 K. J. Le Couteur 12 14 and such success as the Boat 12 6 6 R. M. Dohoo 10 10 had was due to Mr Meldrum's great 6 P. M. Boyce ... ability as a coach, and to the 7 J. A. L. Gorringe 11 5 7 G. F. Allan ... 10 :e amount of time I and energy which he had put into Str. J. B. Williams 12 I Str. P. T. M. Hughes 10 The failure his coaching. of the rest of the Club in the races Cox G. A. Potter ... 9 3 Cox P. A. G. Monro 8 11 the was due partly to inexperience which necessarily accompanies high percentage crews with such a Fourth Boat Fifth Boat of first- and second-year men, six third-year there were only members of the Club, but Bow 10 II Bow J. N.Dupont enthusiasm and partly to the lack of an K. D. Gribbin a fighting spirit D. J. Cornwell II 0 2 R. J. Moxon which is essential if a crew is to 2 row hard all over the course and 3 T. W. Keeble 11 2 3 J. A. Cameron make bumps. It is a pity that the first-yearmembers of the Club 4 H. L. Shorto 12 8 4 K. J. S. Ritchie have had such a depressing .. H. M. Wilmersdoerffer because there are Mays, 5 G. Gibson . 10 3 5 many of them who have shown great II 2 6 K. H. L. Scougall M. promise. 6 P. K. Marks ... O. Palmer, who rowed for the Club 7 E. J. Armitage 10 10 7 J. M. Campbell a week last year, kindly spent in Cambridge to help with the coaching. Str. R. F. Parker ... 10 11 Str. C. S.McKendrick The First Boat bumped Cox P. Spencer 9 0 Cox J. M. Hendry First Trinity at Ditton on the first night after an eventful voyage of rough water and crabs, and chased Trinity Hall for the remainder of the races but without success, although well RUGBY FOOTBALL up on them for two nights. The Boat was disappointing Second and lost two places. The President: PROFESSOR WINFIELD. Captain : G. WETHERLEY-MEIN. rowed hard Third Boat and had a better attitude towards Hon. Secretary: v. E. COLLISON. Hon. Secretary Cygnets: v. P. T. other crews, racing than our and it was unfortunate that TROUGHT. nights. they went down four The Fourth Boat lost three places, sympathy because but they deserve W term in which the crowning there was great difficulty in E had an extremely successful fillingup the crew, "-on the fourth and they were together for only performance was the winning of the " Cuppers a few days before the races. The Fifth Boat was a crew of consecutive occasion that the Club has reached the final. In the " rugger " men, and they were entered for the Getting-On Races. first two rounds we defeated Sidney Sussex and King's respec­ One of their number failed to turn and they never raced up tively, and it was not until the semi-final that we encountered at all, which was bad luck on the members of the crew. keen really hard opposition. In this round, after a replay, we beat eight points being scored by The crews were as follows ; Queens' by eight points to nil-all timely goals. Bo by Johnston, who dropped two clever and very, b a hard­ First Boat The final against Clare was, like most " cupper . finals, fought to end, with the score 5-3 in our st. lb. tussle from beginning Bow fav Clare were N. M. Lawrance ... 11 8 our. It has been said, and perhaps with truth, that 2 J. P. Webber 10 10 unlucky to lose, for they often looked more enterprising and 3 J. R. R. Dunlop ... 12 5 dangerous, in fact it was rather their tactics than fate that lost 4 R. M. Blaikley but 12 6 t quarters 5 P. A. J. Sturge �em the game. They should have entrusted their three- 12 6 wlth a the game was an even 6 1. R. Fraser 12 greater share of the ball. Forward, 7 A. 6 str J. Thomson rr 7 uggle. Binks Chadwick, playing in his fourth "cupper " final, Str. C. St A. Wylie 10 10 an� C. L. Newton-Thompson formed the backbone of the scrum, Cox C. J. G. Stanley ... 9 3 dOIng an amazing amount of hard work with an even more amazing 17 COLLEGE CHRONICLE 3 I72 THE EAGLE amount of skill and vigour, whilst Roland Jones and John Camp­ THE SQUASH CLUB bell, like the Clare wing-forwards Parry and Grose, distinguished themselves by being constantly on the ball. It was J ones who THOMPSON. ptain : J. M. DONALD. Secretary : J. R. scored our try after cleverly gathering a rolling ball. Behind the Ca in this College who scrum the Clare three-quarters often looked more dangerous than D E R I N G the large number of people C ON S I have so much difficulty our own, although both sides showed an exaggerated preference squash, it is hardly credible that we play matches and we hope that in for touch-findingto feeding the wings. Collison ran fast, and very raising two teams for the League in will not bury their talent in the fast when confronted with a gap ; and at full-back Robinson gave the future those who do play an excellent display of safe fielding andsur e kicking-an important rth. ea ful season, losing only one factor in so close a struggle, and one cannot praise too highly The First V have had a very success they were unfortunate in Johnston's sound work at fly-half. of all their League matches, and out the "cupper ". The This success was, of course, largely due to Gordon Mein, who beaten by a strong King's side in being in personnel, have also must be congratulated on his excellent captaincy. He seemed to nd V, in spite of numerous changes Seco to remain low in have a knack of inspiring the Club with enthusiasm and energy, a fairly successful season, but they are likely had the First Division. just as much in a "cupper" as when he was to be seen on the Club whereas the First V should get into the League and P. J. Dickin­ ground bounding with or after a rugger ball-which is, after all, The officers for next season 0. R. Thompson the talent which clearly must an encouraging sight. son) will have the task of unearthing to the fact that the majority The Second XV, too, was very successful and won most of its exist in a College of this size, owing and Second V will have gone matches. It included as many freshmen as there were in the of those who played for the First "cupper " side-a fact which is promising for next year. We must down. J. R. Thompson on playing thank Vic Collison for his efficiency and hard work as Secretary In conclusion, we must congratulate on his College colours. during the past season and congratulate him on being elected against Oxford and R. M. Argyle Plunkett, next year's captain. Tim Beevers has been chosen next year's J. P. BIake, J. M. Donald, G. W. secretary. In conclusion we must mention our worst, or shall we Team; J. R. Thompson, R. M. Argyle. say our most surprising defeat in the annual "soccer" match against the Hockey Club. Perhaps this happened after the " rugger " dinner ? We forget. THE SWIMMING CLUB

First XV Colours Second XV Colours President: MR BRINDLEY. Captain : w. K. S. MOORE. Hon. Secretary : P. M. CARROLL. G. Wetherley-Mein (Capt.) D. L. Thomas V. E. Collison (Hon. Sec.) J. E. Bailey been put rather late in THE Polo " cuppers " and the relays have W. O. Chadwick D. G. Bratherton on them must be held over till the C. L. Newton-Thompson G. H. Starr th� t�rm this year, so a report P. S. Cowen A. J. Bower next Issue. addition of J. E. J. M. CampbeU B. Murray Last term the team had the very useful R. N. Jones F. H. Hinsley present it appears he Beale to strengthen the forward line, but at T. Beevers W. K. S. Moore a poisoned foot. will be unable to swim in the" cuppers " owing to H. M. Wihnersdoerffer P. E. Trench we ought nevertheless J. A. Cameron D. J. N. Hall This will considerably weaken the team, but J. N. Dupont M. Wawn to do fairly well in the relays. matches, won 6 and R. S. Johnston P. Gordin In the last two terms we have played 8 R. J. Moxon K. J. S. Ritchie lost 2. J. M. Donald G. S. Udal! Moore for swimming Congratulations are due to W. K. S. R. A. Peacock L. S. Grove for his election to the J. C. Abbott �egularly for the 'Varsity, and to Beale D. J. Coulson P. J. Dickinson radpoles S.C. and also for playing fo r the 'Varsity. T. W. Keeble 17 4 THE EAGLE COLLEGE NOTES 175

In the New Year Honours, 1939, ARDESHIR RUSTAMJI DALAL COLLEGE NOTES (B.A. 1907), late LC.S., partner and director, Messrs Tata and Sons, and President of the Indian Chamber of Commerce, ON 1 June 1939 Mr E. A. BENIANS (B.A. 1902), Master of the Calcutta, received a knighthood, PANNA LALL (B.A. 1906), I.C.S., College, was elected to the officeof Vice-Chancellor of the Univer­ Commissioner, Allahabad Division, United Provinces, received a sity for the academical year 1939-40. C.I.E., and H. M. FOOT (B.A. 1929), Assistant District Com­ At the annual election in missioner, Palestine, received an O.B.E. May 1939, the following were elected into Fellowships : In the Birthday Honours, June 1939, ANDREW GOURLAY CLOW (B.A. 1912), C.S.I., C.LE., Indian Civil Service, Member of the WILLIAM ALEXANDER DEER (Ph.D. 1937), Strathcona Research Governor-General's Executive Council, and WYNN POWELL Student, 1934; Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 185 WHELDON (B.A. 1903), Permanent Secretary, Welsh Department, Senior Student, 1938. 1 Board of Education, received knighthoods ; JOHN ROBERT PATTER­ FRED SON (B.A. 1914), Colonial Administrative Service, Senior Resident, HOYLE (B.A., from Emmanuel, 1936), Mathematical second class, Nigeria, received a C.M.G. Tripos, Part II, 1935; distinction in Mayhew Part III, Sir PERCY JAMES GRIGG (B.A. 1912), K.C.B., KC.S.L, Finance Prize, 1936; Smith's Prize, 1938. Member of the Government of India, has been appointed Per­ EDWARD MILLER (B.A. 1937), first class, with manent Under-Secretary of State for War. Historical distinction, Tripos, Part I, 1936; Scholar, 1936; distinction, first class, with Professor P. H. WINFIELD (B.A. 1899), Fellow, has been ap­ Historical Tripos, Part II, 1937; Strathcona Student, 1938. pointed a member of the Lord Chancellor's Committee to consider the matter of the great number of law reports and their apparent increase. Professor E. V. ApPLEToN (B.A. 1914), Fellow, Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy Mr E. V. ApPLETON (B.A. 1914), formerly Fellow, is chairman in the University, has been appointed Secretary to the of the Civil Defence Research Committee recently appointed by Committee of the Privy Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. the Lord Privy Seal. Professor F. C. BARTLETT (B.A. 1915), Fellow, is a member of Dr J. D. COCKCROFT (B.A. 1924), Fellow and Junior Bursar, the standing committee appointed by the Secretary of State for has been elected Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy from Air to investigate and advise him on the medical aspects of all 1 October 1939, in succession to Professor E. V. ApPLEToN. matters concerning personnel which might affect safety and Mr J. S. efficiency in flying. Boys SMITH (B.A. 1922), Fellow ani:! appointed Tutor, has been Mr J. J. PASKIN (B.A. 1918) has been appointed private Junior Bursar in succession to Dr J. D. Cockcroft. secretary to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. , Mr S. J. BAILEY (B.A. 1922), Fellow, has been Mr K HAWTON (B.A. 1926) has been appointed an in succession appointed Tutor J. M. to Mr J. S. Boys Smith. assistant secretary in the Ministry of Health. Mr M. H. A. NEWMAN Mr J. E. PRINCE (B.A. 1931), engineer, Public Works Depart­ (B.A. 1921), Fellow, has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. ment, Nigeria, has been appointed First Works Assistant, Public Works Department, Bermuda. The Council of the Geological Society has awarded the S.uccessful candidates in the open competition for the Home Murchison Medal . to Mr H. JEFFREYS (B.A. 1913), Fellow, in Cml Service have been appointed as follows : W. A. B. HOPKIN recognition of the value ( of his researches on the constitution and B.A. 1936) to the Ministry of Health, G. R. BELL (B.A. 1937) to physics of the earth's interior, and, in particular, of the deductions the Ministry of Health, K NEwIs (B.A. 1938) to the Office of he has drawn from w the analysis of records of distant earthquakes. orks. 177 COLLEGE NOTES 176 professor of THE EAGLE (B.A. 1915), formerly Fellow, Dr G. M: BENNETT was admitted a Mr B. PONNIAH (B.A. 1938) has been appointed to the Ceylo at King's College, London, n organic chemistry at the celebra­ Mary's College, Mile End Road, Civil Service. Fellow of Queen of the Royal fourth anniversary of the presentation Mr PRETHEROE Nigeria, has tion of the E. O. (B.A. 1920), Crown Counsel, 1938. been appointed Attorney-General, British Guiana. Charter, 16 December master at Marl­ G. LEATHEM (B.A. 1929), assistant Mr 1. L. YOUNG (B.A. 1935) and Mr K. G. YOUNG (B.A. 1935) Mr J. King Edward been appointed headmaster of have taken the LL.B. degree at the University of Edinburgh, and borough College, has have been admitted to the Society of Writers to His Majesty's VII School, Lynn. at Signet. 33), senior mathematical master Mr W. E. EGNER (B.A. 19 has been appointed headmaster On 26 January 1939 Mr G. V. DALVI (B.A. 1937) was called to pocklington School, Yorkshire, School. the bar by Lincoln's Inn, and Mr G. W. GUTHRIE-JONES (B.i).. of Easingwold Grammar master at 1937) by Gray's Inn. (B.A. 1928), senior science Mr H. P. RAMAGE rary Norfolk, has been elected hono On 3 May 1939 Mr J. B. GARDNER (B.A. 1930) was called to the Gresham's School, Holt, Masters' Association. bar by the Inner Temple. general secretary of the Science : Mr ARTHUR TUDOR EDWARDS (B.A. 1911) has been appointed a intments are announced The following ecclesiastical appo consultant adviser on the organisation of hospitals in war time ; 1912), vicar of St Mark, Sheffield, he is to advise on measures for the treatment of chest wounds. The Rev. J. W. GLEAVE (B.A. Sheffield Cathedral. to be an honorary canon of Mr P. H. R. GHEY (B.A. 1930) has been appointed an honorary 1913), vicar of St Martin, surgeon at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. The Rev. V. Y. JOHNSON (B.A. of Colinton, Edinburgh. The Potternewton, Leeds, to be rector Dr HILDRED CARLILL (B.A. 1903) has been elected a Fellow of y at Redford Barracks. carries with it an Army chaplainc the Royal College of Physicians. post (B.A. 1912), principal of The Rev. Canon F. P. CHEETHAM Licences to practise have been conferred by the Royal College of Hartford, Cheshire. rton Hall, Manchester, to be vicar of Physicians upon T. B. HUTToN (B.A. 1935), St Thomas's Ege 1923), rector of St Giles, Hospital, P. E. PERCEVAL (B.A. 1936), London Hospital, and C. P. The Rev. A. W. BUTTERWORTH (B.A. Chatham. PETCH (B.A. 1931), St Thomas's Hospital. Colchester, to be vicar of St Paul, ), rector of Coningsby, to be Mr A. F. GREENWOOD (B.A. 1926), Deputy Town Clerk of The Rev. N. W. HAGGER (B.A. 1915 of Lincoln. Gloucester, has been appointed Town Clerk of Leamington. rural dean of Gartree, in the diocese vicar of New Mills, Mr R. DE ZOUCHE HALL (B.A. 1930), Second Assistant -G. E. MARTINEAU (B.A. 1926), The Rev. Aberdeenshire. Solicitor, Nottingham, has been appointed Deputy Town Clerk Stockport, to be rector of St Thomas, Aboyne, of Gloucester, in succession to Mr A. F. Greenwood. 13), vicar of St Werburgh, The Rev. J. C. MAKINSON (B.A. 19 the Cathedral Church of Mr C. K. BIRD(B.A. 1921), Assistant Goods Manager, Southern Derby, to be an honorary canon in Area, London and North Eastern Railway, has been appointed Derby. Assistant Divisional General Manager, Southern Area. 1928), rector of St Lawrence, The Rev. J. R. SOUTHERN (B.A. Black Notley, Essex, a Mr W. K. BRASHER (B.A. 1921), Chief Engineer, Posts and Denton, Manchester, to be rector of Telegraphs, Palestine, has been appointed Secretary of the College living. Institution of Electrical Engineers. 30), curate of Grimsby, The Rev. M. E. MCCORMICK (B.A. 19 In March 1939 the honorary degree of Litt.D. was conferred to be rector of Bilsthorpe, Nottinghamshire. 12 by Trinity College, Dublin, upon Mr E. A. BENIANS, Master. ELl 178 THE EAGLE COLLEGE NOTES 1 79 T G. C. L. BERTRAM (B.A. The Rev. O. K. DE LA OUR DE BERRY (B.A. 1929), vicar of Ph.D. : S. BERKowITz (Matric. 1937), St George, Battersea, to be vicar of Immanuel, Streatham. E. F. GALE (B.A. 1936), S. LILLEY 1932), A. EDEN (B.A. 1933), M (Matric. 1935), C. T. PROUTY The Rev. C. M. TURNELL (B.A. 1902), vicar of Gouray, Jersey Matric. 1936), R. E. B. AKINSON , ( 1936), G. H. TWIGG to be rector of Fawley, Hampshire. (B.A. 1933), R. N. ROBERTSON (Matric. 1935)· (Matric. 1935), E. L. YATES (Matric. The Rev. C. F. TYRRELL (B.A. 1903), vicar of Margate, Kent, have been made to members has been presented by the College to the rectory of Freshwater, The following University awards Isle of Wight, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. R. Pratt of the College : to A. G. LEE (B.A. 1887). Sir William Browne's Medal for a Latin Ode c. 1937). The Rev. A. J. J UDSON (B.A. 1888), rector of Norton, Faversham, (Matri L. ROSENHEIM Kent, has retired. The Raymond Horton-Smith Prize to Dr M. On 4 June 1939, the Rev. F. W. BURGESS (B.A. 1933) was (B.A. 1929). Greek and Latin ordained priest by the Bishop of Ely in Ely Cathedral, and the A John Stewart of Rannoch Scholarship in Rev. G. N. NICKLIN (B.A. 1911) was ordained priest by the Bishop to A. G. LEE. of Guildford in the parish church of Chiddingfold, Surrey. Hebrew to R. J. A John Stewart of Rannoch Scholarship in On the same day, Mr B. W. GREENUP (B.A. 1930), Bishop's LOEwE (Matric. 1938). College, Cheshunt, was ordained deacon by the Bishop of South­ (divided) to J. C. GUNN (B.A. 1939)' wark and licensed to the curacy of St Luke, Kew Gardens. The Mayhew Prize for C (B.A. 1938) was honourably mentioned Mr A. V. STEPHENS (B.A. 1930), Fellow, has been appointed M. A. UNNINGHAM first Professor of Aeronautics in the University of Sydney, New the Burney Prize. 1939 was South Wales. The sermon at Mere's Commemoration on 18 April of Queens' by Mr H. ST J. HART (B.A. 1934), Fellow Mr D. E. W. WORMELL (B.A. 1930), formerly Fellow, lecturer preached in classics at Cardiff, has been elected into a Fellowship in Classics College. the internal ear, at Trinity College, Dublin. The Linacre Lecture, on the development of R HARRISON, was delivered on 16 May 1939 by Professor oss Mr K. H. JACKSON (B.A. 1931), Fellow, has been appointed United States. chairman of the National Research Council of the University Lecturer in Celtic Studies, and also Visiting Lecturer is to lead in Celtic at Harvard University, 1939-40. Mr R. K. ORR (B.A. 1932), Organist of the College, triennial visit the British Singers' Touring Club on their fourth Commonwealth Fund Fellowships have been awarded to Mr to Yugo-Slavia in August 1939. D. G. NORTHCOTT (B.A. 1938) in mathematics, to Princeton University, and to Dr G. L. WILLIAMS (B.A. 1933), Fellow, in Marriages law, to Harvard University. STANLEY GEORGE STEPHENS (B.A. 1933), only son of Mr and Mrs Senior Studentships have been awarded by the Royal Com­ G. Stephens, of Four Ashes, near Wolverhampton, to DOROTHY missioners for the Exhibition of 185 I to Mr F. HOYLE (B.A. 1936), LouIsE IRENE BOLAM, only daughter of the late Captain G. F. Fellow, and to Mr E. F. GALE (B.A. 1936). Bolam, of Low Fell, Durham-on 3 September 1938, at Roslin Chapel, Edinburgh. The following higher degrees in the University have been taken by members of the College : RAGLAN HUGH ANSTRUTHER SQUIRE (Matric. 1930), eldest son of . SIr J. C. Squire (B.A. 1906), to RACHEL MARGARET ATKEY, only M. D. : E. B. Z. MASTERMAN (B.A. 1931). daughter of James F. H. Atkey, of Earnont Court, N.W.-on M.Chir. : D. L. LEWIS (B.A. 1928). 17 December 1938, in London. I2-2 180 THE EA GLE 181 ARTHUR VERYAN STEPHENS (B.A. 1930), Fellow, second son of Mr and Mrs A. J. OBITUARY Stephens, of Hurtmore, Godalming, to J ANE Dows LESTER AMEs, only daughter of the late Dr F. W. Lester, of ERNEST HANBURY HANKIN Pasadena, California-on 20 Dece�ber 1938, in New York. RNEST HANBURY HANKIN who died in March 1939, was JOHN CHARLES HALLAND How (B.A. 1903), Bishop of Glasgow, born at Ware in 1865, a son of the Rev. D. B. Hankin, later to BARBARA COLLCUTT, E daughter of the late Dr A. M. Collcutt, of Vicar of St J ude's, Mildmay Grove, North London. He was at Brighton-on 3 I January 1939, in Glasgow. Merchant Taylors' School from 1875 to 1882, when he entered St Bartholomew's Hospital as a medical student, continuing there WILLIAM ALEXANDER ELLIOTT (B.A. 1931), son of Mr W. till he matriculated at St John's in 1886. These years in the Elliott, of London, to DOROTHY MARGARET REID, daughter of Hospital engendered a strong interest in bacteriology, and he Mr P. Reid, of Harrow-on 9 April 1938, at St Mary's Church, decided to relinquish medical qualificationsin order to commence Finchley. research as soon as he had taken his degree at Cambridge. He was elected a Scholar in July 1888, after a First Class in Natural GILBERT HENRY PHELPS (B.A. 1937) to DOROTHY ELIZABETH Sciences. He also took a First in Part II of the Tripos, with COAD, second daughter of Mr William Coad, of Cavendish Physiology as his principal subject, in the following year. In 1890 Avenue, Cambridge-on 11 April 1939, at Emmanuel Congre­ he was elected Hutchinson Student in Pathology and admitted a gational Church, Cambridge. Fellow in November 1890. He proceeded to M.A. in 1893, and took the Sc.D. degree in 1905. On passing the first part of his WILLIAM ALEXANDER LAW (B.A. 1932), only son of Mr and Mrs tripos he commenced research in the Pathological Laboratory James Law, of Lee Green, London, to BERYL DYSON, only under Professor Charles Roy, and commenced the output of daughter of Mr Taylor Dyson, headmaster of King J papers on bacteriology which soon marked him out as a worker Grammar School, ames's Almondbury-on 22 April 1939, at All Hallows' possessed of much originality and discernment. As early as 1886 Church, Almondbury, Huddersfield. he had devised a new and· very useful method of staining bacteria by anilin dyes, and down to 1893 he published work on anthrax KOMAIR LATIFI (B.A. 1933), elder son of Alma Latifi (B.A. (in part in collaboration with F. F. Wesbrook), immunity, and in 1901), C.I.E., to TAHlRA, second daughter of Khan Fazl Muham­ particular on the complemental blood bodies then known as mad Khan (B.A. 1905), of Hoshiarpur and Hyderabad, Deccan. "alexins ", the knowledge of which he advanced considerably. The years of his Fellowship were spent only partly in Cambridge, LAURENCE STEVENSON PORTER (B.A. 1933), elder son of Mr and for he worked also under Koch in Berlin and under Pasteur in Mrs T. L. D. Porter, of Ilford, Essex, to MARIAN WINFIEI,D, Paris. In October 1892 he accepted the post of Chemical Examiner, younger daughter of Mr and Mrs T. W. Winfield, of Croxley Government Analyst and Bacteriologist to the United Provinces Green, Hertfordshire-on 10 June 1939, at Croxley Green and Punjaub, with a head laboratory at Agra. On arrival he found Methodist Church. himself confronted by the conventional official belief that some kind of "miasma" was the chief cause of cholera epidemics. With MICH AEL EDWARD MCCORMICK (B.A. 1930), rector of Bil pe, characteristic energy he commenced and maintained an exposition Nottinghamshire, sthor younger son of the late Very Rev. J. Gough that micro-organisms were the real cause, to which he added McCormick (B.A. 1896), sometime Dean of Manchester, to demonstrations of his methods of combating cholera. He was RACHEL AUDREY HOARE, eldest daughter of Major-General Lionel t�us quickly in conflict with official circles, whereupon he pub­ Hoare, of Brechin Place, S.W.-on 19 June 1939, at Chelsea Old lished his opinions in book form translated into many Indian Church. languages, and he gave innumerable demonstrations to native audiences. Eventually success came to his long-maintained fight DAVID HENRIQUES VALENTINE (B.A. 1933) to JOAN WINIFRED fo� the general use of permanganate of potash for purifying wells ; only daughter of Mr and Mrs J. J. Todd of Dorking, Surrey, on thIS procedure was established officially, with the result of saving 21 March 1938, at Reigate. thousands of lives. 182 THE EAGLE OBITUARY 183 " When an epidemic of cholera or bubonic plague broke out in College after bumps attracted the serious attention of the Dean Bombay he moved there, where one rather anxious task was the on an occasion when eight conflagrationsbroke out simultaneously treatment of vultures of the Towers of Silence overcome by in the New Court. surfeit. During his thirty years in India, Hankin published many He came from hospital work with a great belief in drugs, and papers on oriental diseases due to micro-organisms, on the effects he had the reputation of doubling any dose prescribed for himself. of opium and cobra poisoning, and on other subjects, works in the In this connection his therapeutic measures to improve his rowing main by himself, a few in collaboration with well-known authori­ power in a certain Lent Boat were not attended with marked ties such as Calmette and Haffkine. Like some of his own earlier success ; and how he scorched himself by overheating a cannon­ work, certain of these papers appeared in French and German ball which he used to roll on his body to aid digestion was for journals of pathology. Beyond the tasks connected with his post, some time a tale in College. During his hospital days, he and his catholic interests found expression on such subjects as the two fri ends fitted out an old boat as a steam launch for inland special fauna inhabiting the great domes of the Taj Mahal, the navigation, constructing the engine from fragments picked up flight of dragon-flies, and native folk-lore, and his Methods of anywhere : finding the boiler too low, Hankin's suggestion, to Design in Indian Art, produced under the direction of Sir George avoid the hire of a crane, that they should make fast to Blackfriars Birdwood, then in charge of research in native art, is an admirable Railway Bridge for tidal rise and fall, a quite illegal proceeding, analysis of geometrical patterns based on the paintings in the Taj and was carried out successfully in the hours of darkness. Later on, other monuments. Mark Twain has recalled, in his book of travel when he had commenced research as a Fellow, his dissections in in the East, how greatly Hankin interested him, and his surprise his rooms in E New Court gave rise to mild protests during one to learn, as he put it, that the Ganges is so full of bacteria waging warm Long Vacation; and it was somewhat startling to open his war on each other that its waters are probably a less deadly door and be met by a posse of rabbits hopping about and to hear : beverage than is generally supposed. On his retirement in 1922 "Don't touch them, my dear fellow, they're all injected with Hankin received the Kaiser-i-Hind Medal of the firstclass. anthrax." Before writing a paper on his work, he used to spend On his return home, he lived for a time in the Norfolk Broads, a long evening over the Bible and Stevenson's New Arabian Nights, beloved in early days, but the winters soon sent him to Torquay, " to get some real English back into my head ". He was very fond Newquay and finally Brighton. In his leisure he published several of boat sailing, and was one of W. B. Hardy's (later Sir William books, among which his Animal Flight is a lasting record of his Hardy) old sea crew, and his methods of combating sea-sickness remarkable powers of observation, though in its lack of modern excited admiration and amusement. Much interested in the mathematical and physical treatment some of his provisional possibilities of the "umbrella sail" of Pilcher (of gliding fame) theories have not found acceptance. Common Sense and its and Wilson, Hankin and Professor Roy constructed the " Bacillus " Cultivation (1926) is a thoughtful study which shows, as a recent in the Pathological Laboratory, a raft of iron rods buoyed by account of him says, "how closely and sympathetically he had kerosene tins. In this curious craft they put out to sea from Colwyn studied the European and Oriental attitudes of mind ". The Pied Bay under an umbrella sail, an adventure which ended in founder­ Piper of Hamlyn and the Coming of the Black Death is a fascinating ing and rescue by the spectators. Hankin's life was a happy one to essay linking up folk-lore and medical history which, through the end : he had the quality of endearing himself to his friends by being published locally, missed the wider attention it deserved. his sympathetic nature, and the power of entertaining himself by There is no space for mention of his other books ; all are written problems both old and new. H. H. B. brightly and deal ingeniously with various problems. Hankin was a man of great sympathy for others, and sufferingin men or animals WALTER ATKINS (B.A. 1881) died at Oxford 26 February 1939, affected him much ; his friendships were lasting. As an under­ aged 80. He was the son of Francis Thomas Atkins, chemist, and graduate his tendency to explain everything scientificallyand thus was born at Woolwich 11 July 1858. He came up to St John's to justify methods evoked by his ingenious mind soon attracted by the fr?m the City of London School in 1877. He was ordained attention and often caused much amusement. His friends used to BIshop of Lichfield in 1883 and, after holding curacies in London say, with some justice, that he regarded himself as "the experi­ and elsewhere, was presented in 1907 to the rectory of Hinxworth, mental animal ". His " improved method" of lighting bonfiresin Hertfordshire, where he remained until his retirement in 1932• 185 184 THE EAGLE OBITUARY Governmentof India ; when this work ROGER ARTHUR BASS (Matric. 1904) died suddenly at Brighton legislative department of the to Gauhati, retiring in 1935· 18 May 1939, aged 55. The son of Roger Bass, he was born at terminated in 1923 he returned Terrace, Paddington, 24 April 1884, and was CAREW (B.A. 1876) died at Warni­ Eastbourne at CHARLES ROBERT SYDENHAM 1939, aged 85. He was the St Albans School from 1901 to 1904. He kept only three terms combe, Tiverton, Devon, 23 March rector of Bickleigh, Devon, St John's. son of the Rev. Robert Baker Carew, School, Tiverton, for nine years before GEORGE EDWARD BLUNDELL (B.A. 1892) died 24 April 1939 a� and was at Blundell's He succeeded to his father's estate at Nottage Court, Porthcawl, Glamorganshire, aged 71. He was th coming up ,to St John'S. He was interested in several tea and son of the Rev. Augustus Richards Blundell and was born at' Collipriest, Devon, in 1899. He was a J.P. for Devonshire and Puddletown, Dorset, 5 August 1867. From Marlborough College rubber plantations in the East. a governorof Blundell's School, and he went for three years to Berlin University before coming up to for the Borough of Tiverton, Exeter Savings Bank. He sat in St John's. He graduated with a third class in the Natural Sciences a trustee of the Devon and the Tiverton Division of Devon from Tripos, Part 1, 1892. Mter some years at Heidelberg and at Owens Parliament as a Unionist for years he hunted with Sir John Amory'.s College, Manchester, he was in 1898 appointed to a mastership 1915 to 1922. For many at Wellington College, becoming later head of the science depart­ Harriers and acted as Master. Muriel Mary, daughter of Sir John ment. In 1914 he succeeded to Nottage Court on the death of his He married, in 1891, bart. ; she died only three weeks maternal grandfather, the Rev. Edward Doddridge Knight, and Heathcoat Heathcoat-Amory, left Wellington to settle on his estate. He became a J.P. for before her husband. at Bournemouth Glamorganshire, and he did much useful work on local committees, FREDERICK WILLIAM CARNEGY (B.A. 1892) died Alexander in particular in connection with the Rest Convalescent Homes. 24 January 1939, aged 73. He was the son of General at Karachi, He took a great interest in the National Museum of Wales, serving Carnegy, C.B., Bombay Staff Corps, and was born from Clifton on the Art and Archaeological Committee and on the Court of India, 20 October 1865. He came up to St John's his degree, he Governors. He was a fellow of the Geological Society and of the College in 1889 as a choral student. Mter taking in 1893 by Society of Antiquaries: went to Wells Theological College and was ordained Westminster. He married, in 1915, Barbara Spenser, elder daughter of the Bishop of London to the curacy of St Stephen, of Colwall Richard Hill Tiddeman, and leaves a son and a daughter. was vicar of Tupsley, Herefordshire, 1900-3, rector He of and rector of Ledbury 1908-36. He was rural dean ARTHuR EDWARD BROWN (B.A. 1906) died at Brooklyn, Cherry­ 1903-8, 1910 to 1929 and prebendary of Bartonsham in hinton Road, Cambridge, 6 January 1939, aged 54. He was the Ledbury from from 1923 to 1938; after his retirement he son of Edward Blomfield Brown, watchmaker, of Cambridge, and Hereford Cathedral was given the title of prebendary emeritus. was born at Cambridge 5 April 1884. He was sent to the Higher Bourne, daughter of Colonel Grade School, King Street, Cambridge, and came up to St John's He married Mildred Constance of Colwarne Court, Ledbury. in 1903. He obtained a first classin Part I of the Historical Tripos Robert Bourne, 61 Kingswood Road, in 1905 and was elected a Scholar of the College. In 1906 he was ERNEST JACOB COLLINS (B.A. 1914) died at of Joseph London, S.W., 6 February 1939, aged 62. The son in the first class of Part II of the Historical Tripos, and in the next 1876. He Collins, he was born at Croydon, Surrey, 9 September year was bracketed third in the first class of the Law Tripos, Part 1. in 1899, took the B.A. degree from University College, Bangor, In 1908 he was elected to a McMahon Law Studentship and to a B.Sc. with and went on to University College, London, taking the Whewell Scholarship in International Law. While reading for the as an ad­ honours in Botany in 1908. He came up to St John's bar he acted as secretary to Dr Oppenheirp., Whewell Professor He vanced student in 1913 and took the Diploma in Agriculture. of International Law ; he was commended for the Yorke Prize in Institution 1910 and was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1912. In was appointed to a post in the John Innes Horticultural death. He was elected 1914 he was appointed professor of politics at Cotton College, and remained here until shortly before his served on the Council Gauhati, Assam ; he was also lecturer in Roman Law and juris­ a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1903 and the University of London prudence at the Earle Law College at Gauhati. In 1920 he was � 927-3 1. He took the D. Sc. degree from posted on special duty as adviser in international law to the In 1926. OBITUARY" 187 186 THE EAGLE 1857. parish of St Marylebone, London, 23 April ALEXANDER FROST DOUGLAS (RA. 1884), of Tantallon, Flee was born in"the t, in the Mathematical Tripos of 1879 and, Hampshire, died 27 May 1939, aged 79. The son of the Rev. He was a junior optime went out to India as master of Bishop Alexander Frost Douglas, Presbyterian minister, he was born after taking his degree, at same year he was ordained by the 1859. The Cotton School, Simla. The Pottergate, Alnwick, Northumberland, 27 November 84 he was incumbent of All Bishop of Lahore. From 1882 to 18 family afterwards went out to New Zealand, and the son matri­ ; he was then appointed Saints and chaplain of the Fort, Bangalore culated at the University of New Zealand before coming up to Royal Military School, principal and chaplain of Lawrence St John's in 1880. He obtained a second class in the Law Tripos, and became rector of Sanawar. He returned to England in 1912 1883, and proceeded to the LL.R degree in 1884. He was ad­ jab Educational Wyton in 1914, retiring in 1935. He edited the Pun mitted a solicitor in 1886 and practised in the City of London. a Fellow of Punjab Journal from 1905 to 1912. He was elected LESLIE JOHN FULLER (RA. 1885) died in Cambridge 20 March i-Hind Medal (1st University in 19II and received the Kaiser- 1939, aged 78. He was the son of Alfred Fuller, was born in class) in 1913. Cambridge 16 December 1863, and went to the Perse School. He obtained a first class in the Natural Sciences Tripos, Part I, in ALFRED WILLIAM JOHNSON KEELY (RA. 1878) died 5 April 1939 1884, and was elected a Scholar of the College. In the next year at Greystones, Minchinhampton, Gloucestershire, aged 88. He he was placed in the second class in Part II. In 1886 he was was the son of Thomas Middleton Keely, merchant, and was born appointed science master at Derby Grammar School, where he at Carrington, Nottinghamshire. Ordained in 1877 by the Bishop remained until his retirement. of Chester, he held curacies at Bootle, Wimbledon, Surbiton, and GEORGE HERBERT GOODWIN (B.A. 1881) died at Southport 28 Cowes, and in 1890 was appointed rector of Greete, Shropshire. December 1938, aged 83. He was the son of Thomas Bagnall In 1892 he moved to Huddersfield, becoming vicar of St Paul, Goodwin, and was born at Mirfield, Yorkshire, 22 July 1855. He Huddersfield, in 1894. From 1917 to 1922 he was rector of was ordained by the Bishop of Ripon in 1881 to the curacy of Orlingbury. He married, in 1917, Alice Geraldine, second daughter St Silas, Hunslet, Leeds. For some years he was curate at Cock­ of F. Greenwood, of Egerton Lodge, Huddersfield. field, Suffolk, to his former Tutor, the Rev. Edwin Hill ; in 1902 he was appointed vicar of Uppington, Shropshire, where he JOHN ALBAN LANGLEY (RA. 1884) died 25 April 1939 at North­ remained until his retirement in 1934. field, Church Lane, Lincoln, aged 76. He was the son of William RICHARD HARGREAVES (RA. 1876), formerly Fellow, died 25 April Langley, bookseller, of Stamford. He obtained a second class in 1939 at Birkdale, Southport, aged 85. The son of George Har­ the Law Tripos, 1883, and was admitted a solicitor in September greaves, draper, he was born at Clitheroe, Lancashire, 29 November 1886, practising in Lincoln. He proceeded to the LL.M. degree 1853. He came up to St John's from Preston Grammar School in 1888. He married, in 1898, Alice Louisa, eldest daughter of as a sizar, in 1872, and was elected Scholar of the College in 1874. George Martin Badley, of Theddlethorpe; she died in 1922. He was bracketed fifth wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos of 1876, and was elected a Fellow in November 1878, holding his MONTAGU VIVIAN ELLIS LEVEAUX (Matric. 1895) died 26 March Fellowship for the normal period of six years. In 1879 he was 1939 at " Adam's ", Nutley Terrace, London, N.W., aged 63. He appointed second mathematical master at Merchant Taylors' was the son of Isidore Leveaux, merchant, and was born at School, and in 1889 mathematical master at Rossall School ; this Teddington, Middlesex. He came up to St John's from St Paul's he held until 1897. For many years he was honorary reader in School, but did not take a degree. He married, in 1902, Ethelwyn applied mathematics in the University of Liverpool. He had been Sylvia, second daughter of Henry Arthur Jones, dramatic author. a member of the London Mathematical Society since 1879, and a Fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society since 1896 ; he CLARENCE DOUGLAS LORD (RA. 1885) died 19 March 1939 at Silwood, Alleyn Park, Dulwich, aged 79. The son of Samuel Lord, contributed several papers to the Transactions of the latter society. of Ashton-on-Mersey, Cheshire, he was born 6 August 1859 at ALFRED HERBERT HILDESLEY (formerly Hildersley) (B.A. 1879) Newtown, Queen's County, New York, and was at Harrow School died 10 April 1939 at the Cottage, Buckden, Huntingdonshire, from 1873 to 1877. aged 81. He was the son of Thomas Hildersley, wood carver, and

� --- " "- _. " ------1 88 THE EAGLE OBITUARY 1 89 BERNARD MERIVALE (B.A. 1903) died 10 May 1939, aged 56. lIe remained until 1914, when he was appointed Vice-Consul at was the son of John Herman Merivale, mining engineer, of Togston Diarbeker. Mter the outbreak of war with Turkey he was em­ Hall, Acklington, Northumberland, and was born at Newcastle_ ployed at Alexandria, Salonica and Cavalla ; later he served as on-Tyne IS July 1882. He came up to St John's from Sedbergh acting Vice-Consul at Saffi, Laraiche and Benghazi. He was School in 1900 and obtained a third class in each part of the Law appointed Vice-Consul at Suez in 1921 and was transferred to Tripos. He became a partner in the firm of Hughes, Massie and Skoplje in 1923, to Cettinje in 1924 and to Istanbul in 1925· After Co., literary agents. He was a successful playwright ; his first further service at Port Said, Suez and Constantza, he was play to be produced, The Night Hawk, was staged in 1913, and appointed Consul at Aleppo, Syria, in 1929 ; he moved to Tetuan since then he has been responsible, alone or in collaboration, for in 1933, and to Mosul in 1938. some dozen productions. Among these is included The Wr ecker (with Mr Arnold Ridley) 1927, and Vicky, an adaptation from the CECIL JOSEPH MORREAu (B.A. 1927) died 2 March 1939 at a German. Guildford nursing-home, aged 33. He was the son of Marcus Morreau, shipping merchant, and was born at Didsbury, Man­ JOHN JAMES MILNE (B.A. 187S) died 18 March 1939 at Glengarry, chester, 23 April 1905. From Bilton Grange, Rugby, he went on Lee-on-the-Solent, Hampshire, aged 86. The son of John Milne, to Marlborough College and was awarded an open scholarship in upholsterer, he was born at Lancaster 4 December 18S2 and went mathematics in the December examination 1923. He obtained a to Lancaster Grammar School. He came up to St John's in 1871, first class in the Mathematical Tripos, Part I, in 1925, and a first was elected a Scholar of the College in 1874, and was a senior class in the Mechanical Sciences Tripos in 1927. He then took up optime in the Mathematical Tripos of 187S. He was appointed architectllre ; from 1928 to 1933 he was assistant in the offices of to a mastership at Heversham Grammar School and remained here Messrs Thomas Worthington and Sons, of Manchester, whom he until 1886, being ordained deacon by the Bishop of Carlisle in left to engage in research work at the Building Research Station 1877. From 1886 to 1901 he was principal of Seafield Park at Watford. He was appointed secretary of the Science Standing College. He was the author of several text books on mathematics, Committee of the R.LB.A., of which he was an Associate, and in notably Geometrical Conics (1890) and Cross Ratio Geometry 1937 he read a paper on the prevention of noise in buildings which (1911), but is perhaps best known as the compiler of Weekly gave evidence of high promise. He had lately joined Mr Leslie Problem Papers (1884), with a companion volume (1888). He was Hiscock, F.R.LB.A., of Guildford, in private practice. a prominent member of the Mathematical Association, serving as VICTOR ALESSANDRO MUNDELLA (B.A. 1891) died 4 March 1939, secretary in 1896 and as treasurer from 1897 to 1899. aged 72. He was the son of John Mundella and was born at GEORGE EVELYN ARTHUR CHEYNE MONCK-MASON (Matric. 1908), Nottingham 4 December 1866. He took the B.Sc. degree at the British Consul at Mosul, was murdered by a mob at Mosul on University of Durham in 1887, with honours in physics, and came 4 April 1939· The murder followed a public memorial service for up to St john's in the Lent Term, 1888. He was placed in the King Ghazi, whose death had caused great excitement at Mosul. second class in the Natural Sciences Tripos, Part I, in 1889 and in Immediately after the service several agitators harangued the the second class in Part 11 in the next year. He was appointed crowd, accusing the British of having assassinated King Ghazi, lecturer in physics at the Durham College of Science, Newcastle, with the result that a mob of some 300 persons rushed offto the in 1891; in 1896 he became head of the Physics Department, Consulate, murdered the Consul, and burned the building. Northern Polytechnic Institute, Holloway, N. Later he was Mr Monck-Mason was the son of Colonel Gordon George appointed principal of Sunderland Technical College, where he Monck-Mason, Royal Artillery, and was born at Kilburn, remained until his retirement. Middlesex, 12 April 1886. He was educated at Dover College and CHARLES CYRIL OKELL (B.A. 1911) died 8 February 1939 at at schools abroad, and in April 1908 was successful in the com­ Cambridge, aged So. He was the son of Charles Percy Okell, petitive examination for Student Interpreters in the Levant. He architect, of Douglas, Isle of Man, and was born at Douglas came up to St John's for his probationary training and kept four 10 December 1888. He went to Victoria College, Douglas, and to terms. He became acting Vice-Consul at Uscub (now Skoplje) in Douglas Grammar School, and came up to St john's in 1908. He 191 1, but was transferred the same year to Adana, where he graduated with a second class in the Natural Sciences Tripos, OBITUARY 191 19° THE EAGLE on holiday in A MOl SARKAR (M.Litt. 1937) died while Part I, in 1911, and went on to St Bartholomew's Hospital, where KARUN Bahadur A. K. hmir 13 August 1938. He was the son of Rai he was Brackenbury Scholar in medicine. He qualified during the Kas ent, Govern­ ar, assistant secretary in the Commerce Departm war and after holding a house appointment obtained a commission Sark He took his of India, and was born at Simla 13 June 1904. in the R.A.M.C., serving in France, Palestine and Egypt, and ment joined the A. from Government College, Lahore, in 1926, and being awarded the Military Cross. Soon after the war he became M. he came to of St Stephen's Mission College, Delhi. In 1933 bacteriologist to the Wellcome Physiological Research Labora­ staff resided for n's as a research student in Indian history, and tories at Beckenham, where, in collaboration with others, he was St Joh is a His brother, Adit Kumar Sarkar (B.A. 1938), actively engaged in the investigation of the problem of human two years. the College. immunization against diphtheria and scarlet fever. In 1930 he member of was appointed professor of bacteriology at University College HENRY ALDERSEY SWANN (B.A. 1877) died 27 December 1938 at Hospital Medical School, London. In 1932 he delivered the Brookside, Cambridge, aged 85. His father, the Rev. Edward Milroy lectures on "The role of the haemolytic streptococci in Swann (B.A. 1828), was a member of the College. Mter taking infective diseases ", a striking example of his skill in synthesising his degree, he went to Ely Theological College, and was ordained a mass of facts and observations into a coherent picture. He was by the Bishop of Ely in 1878 to the curacy of Soham. From 1881 elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1932, and to 1893 he was vicar and lecturer of Great Ashfield, Suffolk ; after took the Sc.D. degree at Cambridge in 1937. Compelled by some years as curate of St James, Bury St Edmund's, he was in progressive arthritis to resign his chair, he came to Cambridge, 1900 appointed vicar of Hauxton with Newton, Cambridgeshire. where he edited the Journal of Hygiene and was beginning, at the He became rector of Wentworth in 1915 and retired to live in time of his death, to take an increasing part in the supervision of Cambridge in 1924. medical students, who came to him at his house, Ferry Corner, Chesterton. HENRY GEORGE TETLEY TAYLOR-JONES (B.A. 1891) died 19 He married, in 1917, Dorothy Gladys, younger daughter of December 1938 at East Molesey, aged 69. He was the son of the Mr W. O. Roberts, of Loughborough ; she survives him with two Rev. William Taylor Jones (of Queens', B.A. 1863), and was born daughters. at Woodside, London, S.E., 15 January 1869. He attended Herne GEORGE SUMNER ORMEROD (Matric. 1876) died 31 January 1939 House School, Cliftonville, Margate, of which his father was at Monte Rosa, Chagford, Devon, aged 83. The son of George headmaster, and, after taking his degree, he returned to teach Ormerod, merchant, he was born at Robe Town, South Australia, there, later becoming joint headmaster with his brother. In 1905 10 January 1856. He kept only two terms at St John's and then he became principal of Heath Brow School, Boxmoor, Hertford­ entered the Army, being commissioned as second lieutenant in the shire. He married, in 1899, Emily, daughter of Thomas Shorter, l04th Regiment 11 May 1878. He was gazetted captain in the of Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Royal Munster Fusiliers in 1887 and served in the Burmese Expedition. In 1896 he was promoted to the rank of major, and MERTON VINCENT TOWNEND (Matric. 1905) died suddenly 3 June he served in the Transvaal during the South Mrican War, 1939 at Meadow House, Haslemere, aged 53. He was the son of receiving the Queen's Medal with two clasps. He went on retired William Vincent Townend, of Teignmouth, Devon, and was born at payin 1904, and was lieutenant-colonel of the third battalion, Royal Cutcombe, Dunster, Somerset, 3 October 1885. He kept only three terms at St John's. Munster Fusiliers (Special Reserve), from 1908 to 1912. A writer in The Times recalls his cricketing prowess and general athletic ability, and mentions that in recent years he was always to be seen DAVID WALKER (B.A. 1885) died 14 April 1939 at East Lea, in the Pavilion at Lord's during the summer. Clotherholme Road, Ripon, aged 85. The son of John Walker, he was born at Cannstadt, Wurtemburg, 24 September 1853. He JOHN POPE (B.A. 1877) died 12 January 1939 at Nowers, Welling­ Was admitted a solicitor in 1878, but came up to St John's in 1883 ton, Somerset, aged 82. He was the son of John Pope, solicitor, to read for Orders. After taking his degree he went to Ridley of Exeter. After taking his degree he went into his father's firm, Hall, and was ordained by the Bishop of Ripon in 1886. He held and was admitted a solicitor in 1881. 1 92 THE EAGLE OBITUARY 1 93 curacies in Leeds until 1892, when he was presented to the Perse School. He obtained a second class in the Theological vicarage of Grinton, Yorkshire. In 1898 he became vicar of Tripos in 1878, and was ordained the next year by the Bishop of Burley, and in 1906 vicar and rural dean of Darlington. He Was Ely to the curacy of Waterbeach. In 1883 he became curate of appointed an honorary canon of Durham Cathedral in 1917. From 5t Bartholomew, Winchester, and in 1894 rector of Binstead, Isle 1919 to 1923 he was vicar of Kirkby Fleetham. of Wight. From 1902 to 1921 he was rector of Seale, Surrey, being rural dean of Farnham from 1916 to 1921. ROBERT HENRY WALKER (B.A. 1879) died 10 January 1939 at Three of his brothers, Alexander William (B.A. 1879, died Summercourt, Queen's Walk, Ealing, aged 81. He was the son of 1923), Frederic James (B.A. 1875, died 1889), and Henry John the Rev. John Walker, of St John's (B.A. 1845), and was born at (B.A. 1865, died 1908), were at St John's. Malton, Yorkshire, 24 March 1857. He came up to St John's in 1875 from Dedham Grammar School, and obtained a third class WILLIAM UPTON WOOLER (B.A. 1871) died 25 October 1938, in the Theological Tripos in 1879. Ordained in 1880 by the aged 90. He was the son of William Moore Wooler, surgeon, and Bishop of London to the curacy of All Souls, Langham Place, he was born at Dewsbury, Yorkshire. He came up to St John's in went out to Uganda in 1887 with the Church Missionary Society. 1867 from Sedbergh School, and was a senior optime in the Here he worked for nearly twenty-five years, in circumstances of Mathematical Tripos of 1871. He was ordained in 1874 by the great difficulty. In 1893 he was appointed as the first archdeacon Bishop of Ripon and held curacies in Leeds until 1879, when he of Uganda. He returned to England in 1912, and from 1913 to was appointed vicar of Thurgoland. In 1909 he was presented to 1919 was vicar of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. For some years the vicarage of West Wycombe, where he remained until his before his death he was threatened with blindness, having lost the retirement in 1924; he published a short history of the parish in sight of one eye during his boyhood. He married, in 1910, 1926. His son, Cyril Upton Wooler (B.A. 1908), is a member of Eleanor Barbour, of Bolesworth Castle, Chester. the College.

MONTAGUE BLAMIRE WILLIAMSON (B.A. 1886) died 20 February 1939 at Bodmin, aged 75. He was the son of the Rev. Samuel Williamson, sometime vicar of St Andrew, Ratcliffe, Manchester, and was born at Holme, Cumberland, 17 January 1864. His brother, Frederick John Williamson (B.A. 1882), is a member of THE LIBRARY the College. He came up to St John's in 1883 from Bury Grammar School, and obtained a second class in the Theological Tripos, Donations and other additions to the Library during the half-year Part I, in 1886, and a third class in Part II (Church history) in ending Lady Day 1939. the next year. He was ordained in 1887 by the Bishop of Exeter to the curacy of Ashburton, Devon, where he remained until 1894. In 1897 he became vicar of Bickington, and in 1904 vicar of Padstow ; he was rural dean of Pydar from 1910 to 1912. He was DONATIONS rector of Calstock from 1912 to 1918, when he was presented to the (* The asterisk denotes a past or present Member of the College.) rectory of Falmouth, where he remained until in 1924 he was appointed archdeacon of Bodmin. He had been an honorary canon From the President. of Truro since 1920. He married, in 1894, Mary Ann, youngest dans *CHARLESWORTH (M. P.). Les routes et le trafic commercial adopted daughter of Sir Charles Wathen, of Bristol, and had two et i'empire romain. Traduction fran�aise par G. Blumberg 1938. sons and two daughters. P. Grimal. of Ancient Rome. ALFRED RICHARD WISEMAN (B.A. 1878) died 5 May 1939 at FRANK (TENNEY) , ed. An economic survey Baltimore, 1937-8. Mathon Lodge, Guildford, aged 82. He was the son of Henry Vols. Ill, IV. Richard Wiseman, bookbinder, of Cambridge, and was sent to the [Vols. I, II purchased by the Library.]

ELl 13 THE LIBRARY 195 194 THE EAGLE

From Professor R. C. Archibald. From Mr Gatty . their scope ARCHIBALD C.). ""CONSTABLE (W. G.). Art 'history and connoisseurship; (R Ma thematicians, and poetry and drama. (A. 1938. reprint.) 1939. and method. LL.D. [Contains references to Professor J. J. Sylvester* and William DEMOSTHENEs. [Orationes.] Edidit Joannes Taylor,"" 1748. Wordsworth.*] Vol. Ill. From Mr Barraclough. later [College prize gained in 1771 by John Henniker* (-Major), Mediaeval Germany, 911-1250. Essays by German historians. Lord Henniker.] Trans!. with an introduction, by G. Barraclough. "" 2 vols . 1457-1557. DUFF (E.G.). A century of the English book trade ... 1938. 19°5· From Mr Brindley. (Bibliog. Soc. publn.) ""BRINDLEY F at St John'S (H. H.), .S.A. Catalogue of the Seal Room, Na tional An elegy on the death of Henry Kirke White,"" who died [1806.) Maritime Mu seum, Greenwich. 1938. College, Cambridge, Oct. 19, 1806. From R. E. D. Clark, Ph.D. GRAY(G. J.). The earlier Cambridge stationers and bookbinders and ter. (Bibliog. Soc. publn.) 19°4· *Clark (R E. D.). The universe and God. A study of the order of the first Cambridge prin nature in the light of modern knowledge. 1939· ""JERSEY (EDWARD VILLIERS, first Earl of). Three autog. letters, 1697-8. From Dr Coulton. signed, to [? Richard] Hill."" *COULTON [Mention Matthew Prior.·] (G. G.), Litt.D., F.B.A. Medieval panorama. The English scene from Conquest to Reformation. 1938. ""RIPON (F. J. ROBINSON, Viscount GODERICH, first Earl of). Autog. letter, signed, and two franked envelopes. 1828-33· From Professor Creed.

*CREED (Rev. Professor J. M.), D.D. The Divinity of Jesus Christ. Fr om Dr Goldstein. A study in the history of Christian doctrine since Ka nt. (Hulsean *GOLDSTEIN (S.), F.RS., ed. Modern developments in fluid Lectures, 1936). 1938. Panel of the dy namics. Composed by the Fluid Motion 1938. LAW (WILLIAM). Selected mystical writings. Edited with studies Aeronautical Research Committee and others. 2 vols. in the mystical theology of William Law and J acob Boehme, by S. Hobhouse. 1938. From Ralph Griffin, F.S.A. From Miss R. J. Dean. STEPHENSON (MILL). Appendix to a list of monumental brasses in 1938. DEAN the British Isles ... 1926. (Miss R J.). Jean Baudouin's version of the Testamenta XII and prints of, a Pa triarcharum [from St J. C. L. MS. T. 14]. Mr Griffin has added to his gift of plates for, (A reprint.) and new College book-plate, designed by Mr G. Kruger Gray 1938. in From L. G. Dibdin. dated 1937, by giving the original drawing which now hangs the Library. MS. "A Perambulation of the Universitie and Towne of Cam- bridge." 1843-7. From Mr Guillebaud. [Written and illuminated by George Henry Sawtell.] *GUILLEBAUD (C. W.). The economic recovery of Germany from From Rev. Charles Foxley. March 1933 to Ma rch 1938. 1939· ""FoXLEY (Rev. C.). Verse translations from Lucretius. [With corrections and additions, in MS., by the Translator.] 1933. From Mr Harker. [HEATH (J.)]. Flagellum : or the life and death ...of Oliver Crom- From A. A. A. Fy zee, M.A. well the late usurper. Enlarged edn. 1672. (Islamic al-Hidayatu'l-Amiriya. Ed. by A. A. A. Fyzee .* [Bears the autog. signature of William Wordsworth*] 1938. Research Association series, no. 7). 13'2 196 THE EAGLE From THE LIBRARY 197 the Harvard Business School. The Kress m Professor Previte-Orton. Library of Business and Economics Fro collection founded upon the of books made by Herbert -BROOKE (Z. N.), Litt.D. A history of Europe fr om 911 to 1198. Somerton Foxwell. * 193 9. (Methuen's History of. ..Europe, 1938. [A brochure containing a n.) memoir of Professor Foxwell* Audrey Foxwell, etc.] by Miss CHURCHILL (Rt. Hon. WINSTON S.). Marlborough; his life and times. Vol. Ill. 1936. From G. D. Hobson. Navy Records Society, vol. LXXVIII. The Sandwich papers. Vol. IV. HOBSON (G. D.). 1938. Some early bindings and reprint). binders' tools. (A [Also papers published by the British Academy, etc.] 1938. From C. T. Prouty, Ph.D. From Mr Ja ckson. -PROUTY (C. T.). George Gascoigne and Elizabeth Bacon Bretton Cath Maighe Lena [The Battle of Ca th Boyes Gascoigne. (A reprint.) Jackson.* Lena]. Rd. by K. [H.] 1938. Dublin, 1938. From Miss B. Dew Roberts. From J. M. Keynes, C.B., F.B.A. ROBERTS (Miss B. D.). Mitre and musket: John Wiliiams,* Lord KEYNES (J. M.). Alfred Ho Keeper, Archbishop of York, 1582-165°' 1938. are,* 1850-1938. Obituary notice from the Economic Journal. From Sir Humphry Rolleston, Bart., G.C. V. O. (Hon. Fellow). -- Herbert Somerton Foxwell, * 1849-1936. (From British Acad., XXIII.) Proc. HUBER (V. A.). The English Universities. An abridged translation, [1938]. ed. by F. W. Newman. 2 vols (in 3). 1843. From P. A. P. Moran. Fr om H. A. Rose, M.A. CHAFFEE (E. L.). Th eor y of thermionic vacuum tubes. -ROSE (H. A.). Conveyancing precedents under theProp erty Statutes EDSER 1933. (E.). Lightfor students. of 1925, with ...notes. 3rd edn. 1939· KAYE (G. W. C.) 1931. and LABY (T. H.). Tables constants and of physical and chemical From the Ve nerable W. J. Simkin, Archdeacon of Manukau. some mathematical fu nctions. 7th edn. 1932. SIMKIN (The Ven. W. J.). The College of St John the Evangelist, RINGLEB (F.). Ma thematische Methoden der Biologie SCHILLING . 1937. Auckland, New Zealand. Wellington, 1938. (F.). Pseudosphiirische hyperbolisch-sphiirische elliptisch-sphiirische Geometrie. und From Dr J. Sottas. 1937. SOTTAS (J .). Noies sur la marine byzantine au x! siecie. (A reprint.) From J. B. Palmer, M.A. 1938. Australian war-boomerang, From W. T. Stearn. in use until c. 1830 in neighbourhood of Sydney. STEARN (W. T.). Ep imedium and Vancouveria (Berberidaceae), a monograph. 1938. From W. M. Palmer, M.D., F.S.A. [Contains references to plants growing in The Wilderness.] The Cambridgeshire portion of the Chartulary of the Priory From the University College of Swansea. St Pancras of Lewes. of Rd. by J. H. Bullock and W. M. Palmer. JOYCE (G.), Bishop of Monmouth. Personal fr eedom in relation to 1938. University life. (A lecture ...Univ. CoIl. of Swansea.) 1939· From Rev. J. Parkes, D.Phil. *PARKES From Professor Hamilton Thompson (Hon. Fellow). (Rev. J.). The Jew and his neighbour. A study of the causes of Antisemitism. 2nd edn. *THOMPSON (Professor A. HAMILTON), C.B.E., F.B.A. The Pre- 1938. monstratensian Abbey of Welbeck. 1938. 199 THE LIBRARY 198 THE EAGLE Yule. From W. Thomson. From Mr in Scotland before 1700• ALDIS (H. G.). A list of books printed The Sonnets of William Shakespeare and Henry Wriothesley, third 1904. Bibliog. Soc.) Earl of Southampton. Ed. by W. Thomson. 1938. (Edin. Repertorium Biblio- COPINGER (W. A.). Supplement to Hain's From Miss M. Varley . [1895-1902 : repr.] 1926. graphicum. 2 vols. *VARLEY (Rev. TELFORD). Hampshire. (Camb. County Geo­ precum, R (JOHN), Bp. De orando Deum, et de fr uctibus graphies.) 1922. *FrsHE Paris, 1631. modoque orandi. -- Isle of Wight. (Idem.) 1924· Kings or, Prayers ...commo nly called, The Painted by W. BALL, __ The Psalms -- Hampshire. described by Rev. T. to Bishop Fisher : followed by] The Queenes VARLEY.* Psalmes [attributed 1909. ... [attributed to Catharine Parr.l Prayers, or Meditations 1606. -- Winchester. (Beautiful Britain Series.) 1914. London, From the Rev. F. E. Vokes. (WILLIAM). Memorials of a tour on the Continent, *WORDSWORTH 1822. *VOKES (Rev. F. E.). The riddle of the Didache :fact or fiction, heresy 1820. 5. or Catholicism? 183 1938. -- Yarrow revisited. boards.] From Professor Walker. [Both are first editions, in the original as a statistical character- HAILEY (Lord). An African survey. A study of problems arising *YULE (G. D.), F.R.S. On sentence-length from Biometrika). 1939· in Africa south of the Sahara. (Issued by the Committee of the istic of style in prose. . . . (Repr. African Research Survey.) 1938. following : The President, Periodicals were received from the From Mr Wh ite. ft, Mr Gatty, Mr Harker, Mr Bailey, Mr Boys Smith, Dr Cockcro Dr Palmer, Professor Previte­ The Mirror for Magistrates. Ed. by LILY B. CAMPBELL. 1938. Professor Jopson, Sir Joseph Larmor, Mr Yule, Royal Astronomical Oxfo rd University Historical Register. Supplement, 1900-1920. Orton, Mr Stephens, Mr White, 1921. Society, etc. *PATON (J. L.). 1914. and photographs of John Brown Paton: a biography. Engraved portraits of former Johnians, J. H. Bullock, M.A., the Rev. *PROCTOR (R. A.). Our place among infinities. New edn. 1897. College interest, were received from Mrs E. P. Ga tty , Mr Gatty, and -- The poetry of astronomy. A series of fa miliar essays. 1881. Sir Henry L. L. Denny, Bart., -- Science byways. 1875. Mr T. Ty rwhitt. *RAUTHMELL (R.). Antiquitates Bremetonacenses, or, the Roman antiquities of Overborough. 1746. *SYLVESTER J. (Professor J.). [Pamphlets.] 1870-90. ADDITIONS From Sir Arnold Wilson, K.C.l.E. GENERAL SCHWEIGHAUSER (J.). . Lexicon Herodoteum. 1824 years of modern books acquired in the [Bears the autog. signature of the donor's grandfather, the Rev. British Museum. Subject-index 1937· Edward Wilson, when at St John's College, 1825.] 193 1-35. 2 vols. fo r 1938-9. From Hartley Withers. Cambridge University Calendar 1939. The year-book of the Universities. *WITHERS (HARTLEY). The defeat of poverty. 1939· Index Generalis, Paris, 1939. From H. Bunker Wr ight, Ph.D. Whitaker's Almanack fo r 1939· WRIGHT (H. BUNKER). [Reprints of 4 articles on Matthew Prior.*] 1936-8. 200 THE EAGLE THE LIBRARY 20 1

ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC HISTORY Egypt Exploration Society publns.: CLARK (G. N.). Guide to English commercial statistics, 1696-1782. The Bucheum. By Sir R MOND, O. H. MYERs, and others. 3 vols. (Royal Hist. Soc. Guides, 1.) 1938. 193 4. Economic history of Europe since the Reformation. (European civiliza­ The Cemeteries of Armant. By Sir R MOND, O. H. MYERS, and others. Pt I. 2 vols. tion, its origin and development. Ed. by E. EYRE. Vol. v.) 1937. 1937. ' The Tebtunis Ill, HICKS (J. R). Value and capital. 1939. papyri. Vo!. pt II. Ed. by C. C. EDGAR and others. HICKS (URSULA K.). The finance of British government, 1920-36. EVANS 1938. (Sir ARTHUR). The Palace of Minos at Knossos. Index vo!. 1938. 1936. JENKS (L. H.). The migration of British capital to 1875. LOWE (E.A.), ed. Codices Latini antiquiores. Pt Ill. 1938. 1927 : repr. 1938. Map of Britain in the Dark Ages. North sheet. Pub!. by the Ord- SAYERS (R S.). Modern banking. 1938. nance Survey, Southampton. 1938. Map of Roman Britain. 2nd ed. (idem.). 193 1. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY MATTINGLY SYDENHAM (H.), (E. A.), and SUTHERLAND (C. H. V.). The Roman ANDREWS (C. M.). The colonial period of American history. Vol. IV. Imperial coinage. Vo!. IV, pt II. 1938. New Haven, 1938. WHEELER (R. E. England's commercial and colonial policy. M.) and (T. V.). Verulamium: a Belgic and two Biographie franfaise, Dictionnaire de. Fasc. XVII (Arnoux-Asse). Roman cities. (Reports ...Research Committee ...Soc. of Anti­ quaries of Lond., XI.) 1938. 193 6. BRYANT (A.) Samuel Pepys : The saviour of the Navy. 1938. CALMETTE (J.) Textes et documents d'histoire, II. Le Moyen Age . CLASSICS, ANCIENT HISTORY AND (" Clio ", XI.) 1937. BIOGRAPHY Cambridgeshire. The Victoria History of the County of Cambridge- CICERO. Index verborum Ciceronis epistularum. By W. A. OLD- shire and the Isle of Ely. Ed. by L. F. SALZMAN, VO!. I. 1938. FATHER and others. Urbana, Illinois, 1938. Deutsches Mittelalter. Kritische Studientexte des Reichsinstituts filr Classical studies, The year's work in, 1938. altere deutsche Geschichtskunde. (Monumenta German. Hist.) FRANK (TENNEY), Bde. I-Ill. 1937. ed. An economic survey of Ancient Rome, vols. I, II. Baltimore, 1933, 36. Essex. The Victoria History of the County of Essex. Ed. by H. A. [Vols. III. and IV. presented by the President.) DOUBLEDAY, W. PAGE and J. H. ROUND. Vols. I, II. 1903-7. GLOTZ (G.), ed. Histoire generale. Sect. I, pt II (Hist. grecque), IV, i. FElLING (K. G.). The second Tory party, 1714-1832. 1938. 1938: GEORGE IV, King. Letters,. 1812-1830. Ed. byA. AsPINALL. 3 vols. Loeb Classical Library : 1938. Aristotle, On the Heavens. Demosthenes, Private orations, vo!. II. Greville Memoirs, 1814-1860. Ed. by LYTTON STRACHEY and R. Dio Chrysostom, vo!. II. Diodorus Siculus, vo!. Ill. Livy, FULFORD. 8 vols. 1938. VO!. XII. Pliny, Natural History, vo!. 1. Remains of old Latin, lliUSER (H.) and RENAUDET (A.). Les debuts de l'age moderne. La vo!. Ill. Varro, vo!. II. 8 vols. 1938-9. Renaissance et la Refo rme. 2" edn. (Peuples et civilisations. Hist. PAULY-WISSOWA . Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Altertums- gen., pub!. par L. Halphen, VIII.) 1938. wissenschaft. Bd. XIX, 2 (Petros-Philon). 1938. Historical MSS. Commission: Roma, Storia di. Vo!. XXVI. L'arte . in Roma dalle origini al sec. VIII Pt XVIII. (Istituto di studi Romani.) . Calendar of the MSS. of the Marquess of Salisbury. Bologna, 1938 1938. Thesaurus linguae Latinae. Vo!. VI, 3, fasc. XV (hic-homicidium). Vo!. Ill. Vol. VIII, Report on the MSS. of the Ma rquess of Devonshire. fasc. iii (mano-matrimonium). 1938-9. 1938. 202 THE EAGLE Historical THE LIBRARY 203 Society (Royal) : The correspondence of Lord Aberdeen and Princess Lieven, Vo!. l. Ed. by E. J. PARRY. 1832-54. - LAW 1938. -- Tra nsactions. "4 th series. Vo!. XXI. Acts, Public General, passed 1 and 2 George VI, 1937-8. 1939· JOLLIFFB Ha lsburys' Laws of England. 2nd edn., ed. by--ViscountHAILSHAM. (J. E. A.). Pre-Feudal Engl and: the :lutes. 1933· Vols. xxx and XXXI. 1938. KANTOROWICZ (E.). Frederick the second, McNAm (A. D.). The law of treaties : British practice and opinions. E. O. LORIMER. II94-1250. Trans!. by 1938. 1931. REm (D. L.). The constitutional The College Library has recently bought a complete set of the history of modern 1937· Britain, 1485- Law Reports and Weekly Notes, 1865-1938, to which it now 1938. MORRIS (W. subscribes. A.). The medieval English sheriff to 1300. 1937 OAKESHOTT . (M.). The social and political doctrines Europe. of contemporary 1939. MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Paris. Auctarium chartul arii Univer Liber sitatis Parisiensis. Tom. IV. procuratorum nationis Picardiae ALBERT (A. A.). Modern higher algebra. 2nd edn. 1938. . . . (1476-84). 1938. GUNTHER (R. T.). Early science in Oxford. Vol. XIII. The life and Public Record Office publns : 4 vols. work of Robert Hooke. Pt v. 1938. 1938. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Phili HARDY (G. H.) and WRIGHT (E. M.). An introduction to the theory p and Mary . Vo!. Ill. 1555-7· A.D. of numbers. Calendar of Treasury Books, Oct. 17oo-Dec. 1701. LANDAU (L.) and LIFSHITZ (E.). Statistical physics. Trans!. from Close Rolls of the reign of Henry 111. A.D. 1268-72. the Russian by D. Schoenberg. 1938. Journals of the Commissioners for Trade May 1782. and Plantations, Jan. 1776- SMART (W. M.). Stellar dynamics. 1938. RENOUVIN WEYL (H.). The classical groups; their invariants and representations. (P.). La crise europeenne Princeton, 1939· (Peuples et et la Grand Guerre (1904-18 civilisations. Hist. ge ). *WOLF n., pub!. par L. HALPHEN, XIX.) (A.). A history of science, technology , and philosophy in the eighteenth century . TEMPERLEY (HAROLD) 1934· 1938. and PENS ON (Miss L. of M.), editors. A centu diplomatic Blue Books, 1814-19 ry introductions. 14. Lists edited, with historical 1938. -- Foundations of British fo MODERN LANGUAGES AND ENGLISH reign polz'cy ... 1792 to . . 19 documents ...selected and . 02, or edited, with historical introductions. LITERATURE WATTENBACH (W.). 1938. Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen CHAMBERS (Sir E. K.). William Shakespeare: a study of fa cts and Deutsche im Mittelalter. Kaiserzeit. Herausg. von R. problems. 2 vols. 1930. Holtzmann. Bd. I, i. CONGREVE (WILLIAM). Complete plays. Ed. by A. C. EWALD. WOODHOUSE (A. S. 1938. P.), ed. Puritanism and (Mermaid series.) n.d. Debates (16 liberty; being the Army 47-9) from the Clarke MSS. , with suppl. documents. CRAIGIE (Sir W. A.), ed. Dictionary of the older Scottish tongue. WOODWARD 1 . VIII 1938. (E. L.). The age 938 Pt (d-dignite). of reform, 1815-70. (Oxford England, XIII.) Hist. of Deutsche Literatur. Sammlung literarischer Kunst- und Kultur­ 1938. denkmiiler in Entwicklungsreihen. Reihe : AufkUirung. Herausg. von F. Bruggemann. Bde XIV, XV. 1938. 205 204 THE EAGLE THE LIBRARY

Early English Text Society publns : The fo llowing books have been bought for BOKENHAM Legendys the Reading Room (0.). of Hooly Wummen. Ed. by M. SER - JEANTSON. 938. geography. 4th 1 BOWMAN (1.). The new world; problems in political The ' Liber de diversis Medicinis ' in the Thornton MS. (Lincoln I928. Cathedral MS. S. edn. A. 2.) Ed. by M. S. OGDEN. 1938. 1938. materials. 3rd edn. GRANVILLE-BARKER (H.) HARRISON CASE (}.). The strength of and (G. B.), editors. A com- 1938. panion to Shakespeare studies. COTTON (H.). Electrical technology. 3rd edn. 1934· 1935· GRIMM. (G.). geography of Europe. Deutsches Worterbuch. [3 pts of various vols.] 1938-9. EAST An historical Empire. Harrap 's French and English dictionary. Ed. by J. E. MANSION. FAwCETT (C. B.). A political geography of the British Pt II. 1933· 1 939· m. KNIGHT (G. WILSON). (G. P.). Principles of electricity and electromagnetis The imperial theme. Further interpretations of HARNwELL I938. Shakespeare's tragedies. 1931 . I938. J.). in theory "andpractice. LOWES (J. LIVINGSTONE). HARRIS (L. Vitamins Geoffrey Chaucer. Lectures delivered in 1933· 1932. HINKS (A. R.). Maps and sitrvey. 3rd edn. 1934. 934· *WORDSWORTH (WILLIAM) physics. 1 and (DOROTHY). Letters (1 821-S0). Ed. Joos (G.). Theoretical by E. de SELINCOURT. engineering students. 6th 3 vols. 1939. LEA (F. C.). Hy draulics for engineers and WYCHERLEY 1938. (WILLtAM). Complete plays. Ed. by W. C. WARD. edn. . Sth edn. (Mermaid series.) H.). Hydraulics and the mechanics of fluids n.d. LEWITT (E. I937· Vol. I. 7th edn. LIPSON (E.). The economic history of England. 1937· THEOLOGY AND CHURCH HISTORY 1938. (L. M.). Theoretical hydrodynamics. CABROL MILNE-THOMSON (F.) and others. Dictionnaire d'archioZogie chrdtienne Background to modern et de NEEDHAM (}.) and PAGEL (W.), editors. liturgie. Fasc. IS2-S (Peiresc-Pie Zeses). 938-9. 1938. 1 science. Canterbury and York Society. Diocesis Cantuariensis. 1939· Registrum Reports of progress in. Vol. v. Hentici Chicheli. Pt II. Diocesis Londoniensis. Physics, Registrum Si monis 2nd edn. 1937· de Sudbiria. Pt VI. ROBINSON (W.). Applied thermodynamics. 1938. . New edn. HATCH (W. H. P.). RUSSELL SMITH (}.). Industrial and commercial geography The principal uncial manuscripts of the New 1935· Testament. Chicago, 939. 20th 1 on the laws of Engla. nd. Vol. I. KmD (Rev. B. D.D., STEPHEN (H. J.). Commentaries J.), ed. Documents illustrative of the Con- 1 938. tinental Reformation. edn. 1911. pe, 800-1789. THOMPSON {}. M.). An historical geography of Euro Novum Testamentum Sancti Irenaei. Ed. by W. SANDAY and C. H. 1929. TURNER. (Old-Latin Bibilical texts, VII.) 1938. 1923. WEDGWOOD (C. V.). The Thirty Years' Wa r. SMITH (Canon H. MAYNARD). Pre-Reformation England. 1938. Texte und Un tersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristl. Literatur. Bd. LI, 3-S · 1938• Theologische Worterbuch zum Neuen Testament. Herausg. von G. KITTEL. B IV, d. 4-6. 1938-9. WULF (M. de). History of mediaeval philosophy. Transl. from the 6th French edn by E. C. MESSENGER. Vol. H. 1938. York diocese. The Register of William Greenfield, Archbp. of Yo rk, . 0 I3 S-IS· Pt IV (Surtees Soc.) I938. 206 THE EAGLE COLLEGE AWARDS 207 COLLEGE HUTTON PRIZE : Abbott, J. C. AWARDS HOCKIN PRIZE : Lees, R. J. BONNEY AWARD:Williams, G. STUDENTSHIPS

STRATHCONA : PRIZES AWARDED ON UNIVERSITY Ds Cunningham, M. A. NADEN : Ds EXAMINATIONS Chadwick, W. 0.; Ds Laslett, P. HUTCHIN T. R MATHEMATICS SON: Smith, W. C. DENNEY : Ds Carnegie, J. Preliminary Tripos Part I Tripos Part 11 McMAHON: Carter, C. F. Dyson, A. Filtness, D. D. Ds Davidson, P. J. A., Ds France, K. Thomas, A. B. Jones, A. E. Ds Wee, C. J. R, Ds Stibbard, W. S., Le Couteur, K. J. (Wright's Prize) (Wright's Prize) Spencer, P. L. RESEARCH EXHIBITIONS : Ds Bromwich, J. lumpton, C. Phelps, G. I'a., Ds Marchant, R B., Ds P H., Ds Watt, I. P. Rumsey, V. H. Tripos Part 1II Gunn, J. C. SCHOLARSHIPS (Hughes Prize) AND EXHIBITIONS Hicks, E. P. ELECTED (Hughes Prize) TO SCHOLARSHIPS : Barnes, J. A., Cardno, J. A., Cartwright, Montagnon, P. E. Cheers, F., Combs, W. I., Haygarth, H., B., H. J., Hinsley, (Wright's Prize) R James, T. C. G., F. H., Hodgetts, Maxwell, I. S., Powdrill, E. J., Spooncer, Turner, R. R. C., Tannahill, J. A., Whitfield, ELECTED J. W., Wilkinson, H. C. (Wright's Prize) TO EXHIBITIONS : Morgan, G. J., Thomas, A. SAMUEL EXHIBITION B. CLASSICS NUNN : Lee, A. G. HUGHES EXHIBITION Tripos Part : Ds Chadwick, W. O. Preliminary Tripos Part I II STRATHCONA TRAVEL Loewe, R. J. Hughes, P. T. M. Williams, R D. EXHIBITIONS : Pickford, SCHOLARSHIPS F., Stanton, J. B. Keyte, D. J. H. (Wright's Prize) PROLONGED : Moss, N. Bury, P. J., Carnell, G. G., Lee, A. G. Filtness, D. D., Gunn, Fearnside, K., J. C., Hughes, P. T. M., Jones, (Earle Prize) D. ]. H., Lee, A. G., Lickerish, A. E., Keyte, L. A., Rood, S. C., Rutherf Shorto, H. L., Singer, ord, C. I. MORAL SCIENCES A., Spencer, P. L., Thomas, G. EXHIBITION PROLONGE D: Russell, R Preliminary Tripos Part II Cardno, J. A. (Wright's Prize) Whitfield, J. W. NATURAL SCIENCES PRIZES Preliminary Tripos Part I Tripos Part 11 G. Feamside, K. Lees, R J. SPECIAL PRIZES Curtis, C. Kidd, F. (Wright's Prize) Sanderson, P. H. AoAMS MEMORIAL PRIZE : Leyland, E. Powdrill, E. J. (Wright's Prize) Montagnon, P. E. Turner, R. } A eq. Pascoe, K. J. CAMA PRIZE : Nagendra Singh. Robertson, A. J. B. G. ESSAY PRIZES : Schardt, R. Third Year, Watt, I. P.; First Year, Second Year, Ennals, ]. A. F. ; Waiters, S. M. Hinsley, F. H. (Wright's Prize) GRAVES PRIZE : WiIliams, R D. THEOLOGY HENRY HUMPHREYS PRIZE : Faulkner, Trip os Part 11 NEWCOME D. PRIZE : Whitfield, J. W. Ds Chadwick, W. O. READING PRIZES : Hayrnan, C. H. LAW Ricketts, M. } A eq. HAWKSLEY Qualifying Examination I Tripos Part II BURBURY PRIZE : Lee, A. G. Morgan, G. J. (Wright's Prize) Ibrahim, A. bin M. Scott, K. COLLEGE AWARDS 209 208 THE EAGLE Minor Scholarships : HISTORY for Mathematics. Jones, R. P. N., Manchester Grammar School, Preliminary Tripos Part I Tripos Part Mathematics. II Bell, W. R G., Bradford Grammar School, for Abbott, J. C. Carnell, G. G. Pickford, F. , J., Bishop's Stortford College, for Classics. Ferguson Sciences. Hinsley, F. H. Tannahill, J. A. Willmore, P. L., Worthing High School, for Natural Hodgetts, R B. D. L., Manchester Grammar School, for Natural Sciences. Mordell, Natural Sciences. James, T. C. G. Hutchinson, G. W., Abergele County School, for (Earle Prize) Sciences. Sutherland, 1., Manchester Grammar School, for Natural Rood, S. C. School, for Natural Sciences. Crisp, E. T., Cotham Secondary Tyne, for Krause, E. S., Royal Grammar School, Newcastle-upon- MODERN A."ID MEDIEVAL LANGUAGES History. Preliminary Part I Tripos Part I Preliminary Part II Haresign,. A. S. Daniels, J. M. E. Combs, W. 1. Exhibitions: . Inns, F. C. (Wright's Prize) Christie, A. K., Southend High School, for Mathematics Loewenstein, M. O. L. Pelling, H. M., Birkenhead School, for Classics. Oliver, E. S. Charlton, J. M. T., Manchester University, for Classics. Morgan, J. R, Kingswood School, for Natural Sciences. MECHANICAL SCIENCES Walker, D. C., Lincoln School, for History. Preliminary Preliminary B. V., Royal Academical Institution, Belfast, for English. Hunter, for Modern (First Year) (Second Year) Tripos Thompson, E. C., Wirral Grammar School, Bebington, Harris, H. S. L. Cartwright, H. Hansford, R N. Languages. Hodge, J. Cheers, F. Haygarth, H. J. Launder, G. W. (Wright's Prize) Johnson Exhibition: Ross, P. McG. Spooncer, R. C. Reid, 1. C., Oakham School, for Classics. (Wright's Prize) WiIkinson, H. C. (Wright's Prize) AND SIZARSHIPS, I939 ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY CLOSE EXHIBITIONS Barnes, J. A. To Close Exhibitions: Durham School. GEOGRAPHY Baker : Howe, J. P. S., Dowman : Pay, B. W., Pocklington School. Tripos Part 11 Lucy Ingram : Cooper, J. N., Kimbolton School. Maxwell, 1. S. Lup ton and Hebblethwaite: Rolland, J. L., Sedbergh School. Somerset (March) : Jones, F. C. D., Hereford Cathedral School. Vida l: Seale, G. H., Exeter School. OPEN SCHOLARSHIPS AND EXHIBITIONS, To Sizarships: DECEMBER I938 Dudley, J. G., Worksop College. Major Scholarships: Goldie-Scot, W. N. L., Fettes College. Read, A. H., Marlborough College, for Mathematics (Baylis Scholar- Goody, R. M., St Albans School. ship). Goldie, A. W., Wolverhampton Grammar School, for Mathematics. Charlesworth, G. B., Penistone Grammar School, for Mathematics. Brough, ]., Edinburgh University, for Classics. Howorth, R H., Manchester Grammar School, for Classics (Patchett Scholarship). Freeman, E. J., King Edward VI School, Birmingham, for Classics. Crook, J. A., Dulwich College, for Classics. Hereward, H. G., King Edward VI School, Birmingham, for Natural Sciences. Robinson, R E., Battersea Grammar School, for History. Lapworth, H. J., King Edward VI School, Birmingham, for Modem PRINTED BY W. LEW IS, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE Languages.