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Exploitation Du Potentiel Des Bactériophages Dans Le Traitement Des Surfaces En Contact Avec L’Eau, Contaminées Par Un Biofilm De P

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Exploitation Du Potentiel Des Bactériophages Dans Le Traitement Des Surfaces En Contact Avec L’Eau, Contaminées Par Un Biofilm De P Exploitation du potentiel des bactériophages dans le traitement des surfaces en contact avec l’eau, contaminées par un biofilm de P. aeruginosa Vanessa Magin To cite this version: Vanessa Magin. Exploitation du potentiel des bactériophages dans le traitement des surfaces en contact avec l’eau, contaminées par un biofilm de P. aeruginosa. Ingénierie de l’environnement. Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique, 2019. Français. NNT : 2019IMTA0146. tel-02391184 HAL Id: tel-02391184 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02391184 Submitted on 3 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. • THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE MINES-TELECOM ATLANTIQUE BRETAGNE PAYS DE LA LOIRE - IMT ATLANTIQUE COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 602 Sciences pour l'Ingénieur Spécialité : Génie des Procédés et Bioprocédés Par Vanessa MAGIN Par Vanessa MAGIN Exploration du potentiel des bactériophages dans le traitement des surfaces en contact avec l’eau, contaminées par un biofilm de P.aeruginosa Thèse présentée et soutenue à Nantes le 6 Septembre 2019 Unité de recherche : GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144 Thèse N° : 2019IMTA0146 Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Didier Hocquet Professeur, Université de Franche-Comté Djamel Drider Professeur, Institut Charles Violette, Université de Lille Composition du Jury : Président : Pierre Le Cann Professeur, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Rennes Examinateurs : Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Hygiéniste, UMR 1282 Infectiologie Santé Publique, CHR de Tours Didier Hocquet, Professeur, Université de Franche-Comté Djamel Drider, Professeur, Institut Charles Violette, Université de Lille Dir. de thèse : Yves Andrès Professeur, CNRS, Institut des Mines-Télécom Atlantique, Nantes Encadrante : Nathalie Garrec Ingénieure Recherche et expertise, CSTB, Nantes REMERCIEMENTS REMERCIEMENTS « La valeur d’une personne se mesure non pas à la quantité de ses actes mais au degré d’amour et de persévérance qu’elle met pour les accomplir. » -Cécile Fortier Keays « Si tu transformes tes erreurs en leçons et tes peurs en courage, alors tout est réalisable. » « Il faut toujours viser la lune car même en cas d’échec, on atterit dans les étoiles. » -Oscar wilde A tous ceux qui m’ont accompagnés de près ou de loin durant ces trois années, À celui qui est à mes côtés chaque matin, Et enfin, à la plus brillante des étoiles, MERCI PRODUCTIONS SCIENTIFIQUES PUBLICATION SCIENTIFIQUE 2019 Magin V., Garrec N., Andrès Y., Selection of bacteriophages to control 24h-old biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from drinking and thermal water, Viruses, 13 Aout 2019. POSTERS 2017 Magin V., Andrès Y., Garrec N., Infections associées aux soins, Bactériophages anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Une stratégie complémentaire pour le traitement des points d’eau ? RICAï 2017, 37 ème Réunion interdisciplinaire de Chimiothérapie anti infectieuse, Palais des Congrès, Paris. 2017 Magin V., Andrès Y., Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages to disinfect plumbing materials and surfaces in contact with drinking and thermal water, Meeting Phages sur Yvette, Gif sur Yvette. COMMUNICATIONS 2018 Magin V., Lutte anti-Pseudomonas dans les réseaux d’eau: Potentiel des phages, Séminaire des doctorants de l’ED Sciences pour l’ingénieur, Polytech, Nantes. 2018 Magin V., Lutte anti-Pseudomonas dans les réseaux d’eau: Potentiel des phages, Journée des doctorants du CSTB, Paris. 2017 Garrec N., Magin V., Andrès Y., Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages to disinfect plumbing materials and surfaces in contact with water: Screening of phages efficiency, Meeting Phages sur Yvette, Gif sur Yvette. SOMMAIRE GENERAL REMERCIEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 0 SOMMAIRE GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 0 LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................. I LISTE DES TABLEAUX ..................................................................................................................................... III LISTE DES GRAPHIQUES ................................................................................................................................... V LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. VI INTRODUCTION GENERALE ............................................................................................ 1 PARTIE I : BIBLIOGRAPHIE .............................................................................................. 4 CHAPITRE 1 : LES BACTERIOPHAGES .......................................................................... 4 1. Découverte et histoire de la phagothérapie (Figure 1) : ........................................................................... 4 1.1 Découverte : .................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Les débuts de la phagothérapie : ................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 L’âge d’or : ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Le déclin dans l’Occident : .................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.3 Un nouvel Essor mondiale : .................................................................................................................. 7 2. Structure et classification : ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Composition et structure : ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Morphologie générale : ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Génome viral : ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Diversité des capsides : ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Taxonomie : ................................................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.1 Bref historique de la taxonomie phagique : ......................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 La taxonomie contemporaine : ............................................................................................................ 11 2.2.3 L’ordre des Caudovirales : .................................................................................................................. 12 3. Les différents cycles de multiplication : ................................................................................................. 16 3.1 Le cycle lysogénique : ................................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Le cycle lytique : ........................................................................................................................................ 17 3.3 Etapes du cycle lytique : ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.3.1 L’adsorption : ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Transfert du génome phagique : .......................................................................................................... 18 3.3.3 Réplication du génome phagique : ...................................................................................................... 20 3.3.4 Assemblage des particules virales : ..................................................................................................... 20 • L’encapsidation du génome viral : .................................................................................................. 21 • Etapes finales de l’assemblage des virions : .................................................................................... 23 3.1.5 Libération des virions .......................................................................................................................... 25 • Dernière étape : .............................................................................................................................. 28 3.4 Les autres cycles : ......................................................................................................................................
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