India and Overseas Indians in Ceylon and Burma, 1946-1965: Experiments in Post- imperial Sovereignty Raphaëlle Khan Asia Center, Harvard University Email:
[email protected] Taylor C. Sherman Department of International History, The London School of Economics and Political Science Email:
[email protected] Abstract Despite the existence of a large Indian diaspora, there has been relatively little scholarly engagement with India’s relation to overseas Indians after its independence in 1947. The common narrative is that India abruptly cut ties with overseas Indians from that time until the 1990s, as it adhered to a territorially-based understanding of sovereignty and citizenship. By re-examining India’s relations with Indian communities in Ceylon and Burma between the late 1940s and the 1960s, this article demonstrates that, despite its rhetoric, India did not renounce its responsibility towards its diaspora at independence. To understand this continued engagement with overseas Indians, this article introduces the idea of post-imperial sovereignty. This type of sovereignty was layered, as imperial sovereignty had been, but was also concerned with advancing norms designed to protect migrant communities across the world. Keywords: diaspora, decolonization, migration, minorities, Asians, citizenship, sovereignty The authors are grateful to Ian Patel and to the participants of the workshop on Sovereignty and Power in South Asia and Beyond, organised by Neilesh Bose and Jon Wilson at King’s College London in June 2019, for their valuable feedback on earlier versions of this work. They would also like to thank the anonymous referees of Modern Asian Studies for their helpful comments.