What Do We Know About Botryosphaeriaceae? an Overview of a Worldwide Cured Dataset
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<I>Barriopsis Iraniana</I>
Persoonia 23, 2009: 1–8 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158509X467552 Barriopsis iraniana and Phaeobotryon cupressi: two new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from trees in Iran J. Abdollahzadeh1, E. Mohammadi Goltapeh1, A. Javadi2, M. Shams-bakhsh1, R. Zare2, A.J.L. Phillips3 Key words Abstract Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are well known as pathogens and saprobes of woody hosts, but little is known about the species that occur in Iran. In a recent survey of this family in Iran two fungi with diplodia-like Citrus anamorphs were isolated from various tree hosts. These two fungi were fully characterised in terms of morphology EF 1-α of the anamorphs in culture, and sequences of the ITS1/ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA operon and partial ITS sequences of the translation elongation factor 1- . Phylogenetic analyses placed them within a clade consisting of Mangifera α Barriopsis and Phaeobotryon species, but they were clearly distinct from known species in these genera. There- Olea fore, they are described here as two new species, namely Barriopsis iraniana on Citrus, Mangifera and Olea, and phylogeny Phaeobotryon cupressi on Cupressus sempervirens. systematics taxonomy Article info Received: 27 April 2009; Accepted: 17 June 2009; Published: 16 July 2009. INTRODUCTION (Slippers et al. 2004), Olea (Lazzizera et al. 2008), Prunus (Slippers et al. 2007, Damm et al. 2007) and Protea (Denman Species of the Botryosphaeriaceae are cosmopolitan and occur et al. 2003, Marincowitz et al. 2008). Such studies have yielded on a wide range of plant hosts (von Arx & Müller 1954, Barr several new species, thus revealing the diversity within this 1987). -
Diplodia Corticola FERNANDES
Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Biologia 2015 ISABEL OLIVEIRA Mecanismo de infecção de Diplodia corticola FERNANDES Infection mechanism of Diplodia corticola A tese foi realizada em regime de co-tutela com a Universidade de Ghent na Bélgica. The thesis was realized in co-tutelle regime (Joint PhD) with the Ghent University in Belgium. Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Biologia 2015 ISABEL OLIVEIRA Mecanismo de infecção de Diplodia corticola FERNANDES Infection mechanism of Diplodia corticola Tese apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Biologia, realizada sob a orientação científica da Doutora Ana Cristina de Fraga Esteves, Professora Auxiliar Convidada do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro e co-orientações do Doutor Artur Jorge da Costa Peixoto Alves, Investigador Principal do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro e do Doutor Bart Devreese, Professor Catedrático do Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia da Universidade de Ghent. A tese foi realizada em regime de co-tutela com a Universidade de Ghent. Apoio financeiro da FCT e do Apoio financeiro da FCT e do FSE no FEDER através do programa âmbito do III Quadro Comunitário de COMPETE no âmbito do projecto de Apoio. investigação PROMETHEUS. Bolsa com referência BD/66223/2009 Bolsas com referência: PTDC/AGR-CFL/113831/2009 FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-014096 Perguntaste-me um dia o que pretendia fazer a seguir, Respondi-te simplesmente que gostaria de ir mais além, Assim fiz! Gostava que me perguntasses de novo... Ao meu pai, You asked me one day what I intended to do next, I simply answered you that I would like to go further, I did so! I would like you ask me again.. -
1 Principles of Plant Pathology Path
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT PATHOLOGY PATH 271 (1+1) Prepared By DR. P. KISHORE VARMA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, ASWARAOPET 507 301 1 LECTURE 1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT PATHOLOGY Why Plant Pathology? Plants are essential for maintenance of life. Plants not only sustain the man and animals, they are also the source of food for multitudes of micro-organisms living in the ecosystem. Thus, while man has been able to subjugate plants and animals for his own use, the competing micro-organisms still defy his efforts and claim a major share of resources which man would like to use for himself. It is in this context that the need for fighting the competing micro-organisms and other agencies that lack loss of productivity has been felt. The attack on plants by these micro-organisms changed the appearance and productivity of the crop and this observed change was called a disease. Plant diseases have been considered as stubborn barriers to the rapid progress of food production. We call a plant healthy only so long as it continues to perform all its normal physiological activities and give the expected yield according to its genetic potentiality. Physiological activities of a healthy plant 1. Normal cell division, differentiation and development. 2. Uptake of water and nutrients from the soil. 3. Synthesis of food from sunlight by photosynthesis. 4. Translocation of water and food to the sites of necessity through xylem and phloem. 5. Metabolism of synthesized material 6. Reproduction A diseased plant fails to perform one or more of these functions. -
Molecular Identification of Isolated Fungi from Kelantan and Terengganu Using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Journal Of Agrobiotechnology (Journal of UniSZA - Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin) J. Agrobiotech. Vol. 9(1S), 2018, p. 222–231. Badaluddin et al. © Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Molecular Identification of Isolated ISSN 1985-5133 (Press) Fungi from Kelantan and Terengganu Using ISSN 2180-1983 (Online) Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS) Region Molecular Identification of Isolated Fungi from Kelantan and Terengganu Using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region Noor Afiza Badaluddin, Siti Noraisyah Tan Jamaluddin, Nur Shafiqah Ihsam, Mohammad Hailmi Sajili and Noor Asidah Mohamed School of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, MALAYSIA. Corresponding author: Noor Asidah Mohamed School of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, MALAYSIA. Email: [email protected] Keywords: ITS fungi identification phylogenetic tree MEGA fungi diversity 223/ J. Agrobiotech. Vol. 9(1S), 2018, p. 222–231. ABSTRACT Fungi are morphologically, ecologically, metabolically and phylogenetically diverse. Fungi play important roles as one of the major decomposer in ecosystems, dominated by Saprophytic fungi. The identification of fungi is important to differentiate each fungi owing to their special ability in our ecosystem. However, the identification of fungi is become very challenging for those untrained mycologists. Essentially, the identification of fungi at the species-level is more problematic. Traditional approaches, based on the morphological or physiological features alone are unreliable because of the limited amount of morphological characters for fungi identification. -
Lasiodiplodia Chinensis, a New Holomorphic Species from China
Mycosphere 8(2): 521–532 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article – special issue Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/2/3 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lasiodiplodia chinensis, a new holomorphic species from China Dou ZP1, He W2, Zhang Y1 1Institute of Microbiology, PO Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China 2Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China Dou ZP, He W, Zhang Y 2017 – Lasiodiplodia chinensis, a new holomorphic species from China. Mycosphere 8(2), 521–532, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/2/3. Abstract A new species of Lasiodiplodia (L. chinensis) is described and illustrated from several hosts collected from Hainan and Shandong Province in China. Both sexual and asexual states of L. chinensis were observed, which is characterized by its broadly clavate to clavate asci, fusiform, hyaline and aseptate ascospores, and initially hyaline, aseptate, ovoid to ellipsoid conidia that become pigmented and 1–2-septate with longitudinal striations when mature. Phylogenetically, L. chinensis is closely related to L. pseudotheobromae, L. sterculiae and L. lignicola. Morphological comparisons of these four species lead to the conclusion that the collected taxon is new to science Key words – Botryosphaeriaceae – phylogeny – sexual morph – taxonomy Introduction Lasiodiplodia was formally introduced by Clendenin, (1896), and typified by L. theobromae (Phillips et al. 2013). Species of Lasiodiplodia are mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions where they can cause cankers, die-back, fruit or root rot, branch blight or discoloration on a wide range of woody hosts (Punithalingam 1980, Ismail et al. 2012, Phillips et al. -
Differentiation of Two Botryosphaeriaceae Species
Differentiation of two Botryosphaeriaceae species isolated from declining mango trees in Ghana Honger, J.O1*., Ablomerti F.K2., Coleman, S.R3., Cornelius, E.W2, Owusu, E3. and Odamtten G.T3. 1Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana. 2Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana 3Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Lasiodiplodia theobromae is the only pathogen reported to cause mango tree decline disease in Ghana. In this study, several Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were obtained from mango tree decline disease symptoms and were identified using both phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and inoculation studies. The methods employed differentiated the isolates into two species, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofussicoccum parvum. L. theobromae sporulated freely on media while N. parvum did not. Also, the species specific primer, Lt347-F/Lt347-R identified only L. theobromae while in the phylogenetic studies, L. theobromae and N. parvum clustered in different clades. L. theobromae caused dieback symptoms on inoculated mango seedlings while N. parvum did not. However, both species caused massive rot symptoms on inoculated fruits. L. theobromae was therefore confirmed as the causal agent of the tree decline disease in Ghana while N. parvum was reported for the first time as a potential pathogen of mango fruits in the country. Introduction and Lopez, 1971; Rawal, 1998; Schaffer et Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the al., 1988). In India it has been reported that most important non-traditional export crops the disease had been a very significant one from Ghana, bringing in much needed foreign since 1940 (Khanzanda et al., 2004) with the exchange to the country. -
Phylogeny and Morphology of Four New Species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran
Persoonia 25, 2010: 1–10 www.persoonia.org RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/003158510X524150 Phylogeny and morphology of four new species of Lasiodiplodia from Iran J. Abdollahzadeh 1,3, A. Javadi 2, E. Mohammadi Goltapeh3, R. Zare 2, A.J.L. Phillips 4 Key words Abstract Four new species of Lasiodiplodia; L. citricola, L. gilanensis, L. hormozganensis and L. iraniensis from various tree species in Iran are described and illustrated. The ITS and partial translation elongation factor-1 se- Botryosphaeriaceae α quence data were analysed to investigate their phylogenetic relationships with other closely related species and EF-1α genera. The four new species formed well-supported clades within Lasiodiplodia and were morphologically distinct ITS from all other known species. Lasiodiplodia phylogeny Article info Received: 11 March 2010; Accepted: 29 June 2010; Published: 27 July 2010. taxonomy INTRODUCTION as synonyms of L. theobromae since he could not separate them on morphological characters. However, on account of its Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales, morphological variability and wide host range it seems likely that Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) are cosmopolitan and occur L. theobromae is a species complex. Recent studies based on on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and sequence data have confirmed this and eight new species have gymnosperm hosts (von Arx & Müller 1954, Barr 1987). They been described since 2004 (Pavlic et al. 2004, 2008, Burgess are associated with various symptoms such as shoot blights, et al. 2006, Damm et al. 2007, Alves et al. 2008). stem cankers, fruit rots, dieback and gummosis (von Arx 1987) There have been no studies on the Lasiodiplodia species in and are also known as endophytes (Slippers & Wingfield Iran apart from a few reports of L. -
©2015 Stephen J. Miller ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
©2015 Stephen J. Miller ALL RIGHTS RESERVED USE OF TRADITIONAL AND METAGENOMIC METHODS TO STUDY FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN DOGWOOD AND SWITCHGRASS. By STEPHEN J MILLER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Plant Biology Written under the direction of Dr. Ning Zhang And approved by _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION USE OF TRADITIONAL AND METAGENOMIC METHODS TO STUDY FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN DOGWOOD AND SWITCHGRASS BY STEPHEN J MILLER Dissertation Director: Dr. Ning Zhang Fungi are the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, composed of diverse and ecologically important organisms with pivotal roles and functions, such as decomposers, pathogens, and mutualistic symbionts. Fungal endophyte studies have increased rapidly over the past decade, using traditional culturing or by utilizing Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to recover fastidious or rare taxa. Despite increasing interest in fungal endophytes, there is still an enormous amount of ecological diversity that remains poorly understood. In this dissertation, I explore the fungal endophyte biodiversity associated within two plant hosts (Cornus L. species) and (Panicum virgatum L.), create a NGS pipeline, facilitating comparison between traditional culturing method and culture- independent metagenomic method. The diversity and functions of fungal endophytes inhabiting leaves of woody plants in the temperate region are not well understood. I explored the fungal biodiversity in native Cornus species of North American and Japan using traditional culturing ii techniques. Samples were collected from regions with similar climate and comparison of fungi was done using two years of collection data. -
Molecular Systematics of the Marine Dothideomycetes
available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 64: 155–173. 2009. doi:10.3114/sim.2009.64.09 Molecular systematics of the marine Dothideomycetes S. Suetrong1, 2, C.L. Schoch3, J.W. Spatafora4, J. Kohlmeyer5, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer5, J. Sakayaroj2, S. Phongpaichit1, K. Tanaka6, K. Hirayama6 and E.B.G. Jones2* 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; 2Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; 3National Center for Biothechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-6510, U.S.A.; 4Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, U.S.A.; 5Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, U.S.A.; 6Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan *Correspondence: E.B. Gareth Jones, [email protected] Abstract: Phylogenetic analyses of four nuclear genes, namely the large and small subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA, transcription elongation factor 1-alpha and the second largest RNA polymerase II subunit, established that the ecological group of marine bitunicate ascomycetes has representatives in the orders Capnodiales, Hysteriales, Jahnulales, Mytilinidiales, Patellariales and Pleosporales. Most of the fungi sequenced were intertidal mangrove taxa and belong to members of 12 families in the Pleosporales: Aigialaceae, Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Lenthitheciaceae, Lophiostomataceae, Massarinaceae, Montagnulaceae, Morosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporaceae, Testudinaceae and Trematosphaeriaceae. Two new families are described: Aigialaceae and Morosphaeriaceae, and three new genera proposed: Halomassarina, Morosphaeria and Rimora. -
Ambara Groundnut, Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc., Which Flourished Before the Introduction of the Peanut, Arachis Hypogaea (Goli Et Al
CONTENTS i Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Proceedings of the workshop on Conservation and Improvement of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) 14–16 November 1995 Harare, Zimbabwe J. Heller, F. Begemann and J. Mushonga, editors ii &%1&%6% GROUNDNUT The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization operating under the aegis of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The international status of IPGRI is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 1997, had been signed by the Governments of Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovak Republic, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. IPGRI's mandate is to advance the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRI works in partnership with other organizations, undertaking research, training and the provision of scientific and technical advice and information, and has a particularly strong programme link with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Financial support for the research agenda of IPGRI is provided by the Governments of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA, and by the Asian Development Bank, CTA, European Union, IDRC, IFAD, Interamerican Development Bank, UNDP and the World Bank. -
Resolving Cryptic Species Complexes in Diplodia
RESOLVING CRYPTIC SPECIES COMPLEXES IN DIPLODIA Joana Filipa de Sousa Ramos Reis Lopes Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Agronómica - Biotecnologia e Melhoramento de Plantas Orientador: Doutor Alan John Lander Phillips Co-orientador: Doutora Maria Helena Mendes da Costa Ferreira Correia de Oliveira Júri: Presidente: Doutora Cristina Maria Moniz Simões de Oliveira, Professora Associada do Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Vogais: Doutora Maria Helena Mendes da Costa Ferreira Correia de Oliveira, Professora Associada do Instituto Superior de Agronomia da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa; Doutor Alan John Lander Phillips, Investigador Principal da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Doutora Maria Cecília Nunes Farinha Rego, Investigadora Auxiliar do Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”. Lisboa, 2008 Aos meus pais. ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank Dr. Alan Phillips to whom I had the privilege to work with, for the suggestion of the studied theme and the possibility to work in his project. For the scientific orientation in the present work, the teachings and advices and for the support and persistency in the achievement of a coherent and consistent piece of work; I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Helena Oliveira for the support and constant availability and especially for her human character and kindness in the most stressful moments; To Eng. Cecília Rego for the interest, attention and encouragement; To Dr. Artur Alves -
Relatedness of Macrophomina Phaseolina Isolates from Tallgrass Prairie, Maize, Soybean, and Sorghum
Relatedness of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates from tallgrass prairie, maize, soybean, and sorghum A. A. Saleh, H. U. Ahmed, T. C. Todd, S. E. Travers, K. A. Zeller, J. F. Leslie, K. A. Garrett Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, 5 Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502 Current address of H. U. Ahmed: Crop Diversification Center North, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, Alberta T5Y6H3, Canada. email: [email protected] Current address of S. E. Travers: Department of Biological Sciences, 218 Stevens Hall, North 10 Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. email: [email protected] Current address of K. A. Zeller: CPHST Laboratory Beltsville NPGBL, USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, BARC-East, Bldg-580, Beltsville, MD 20705. email [email protected] Keywords: AFLP, agriculture-wildlands interface, belowground ecology, generalist pathogen, 15 Macrophomina phaseolina, rDNA, soilborne pathogen Corresponding author: Karen A. Garrett, address above, 785-532-1370, [email protected] Running title: Relatedness of Macrophomina isolates 20 ABSTRACT Agricultural and wild ecosystems may interact through shared pathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina, a generalist clonal fungus with more than 284 plant hosts that is likely to become more important under climate change scenarios of increased heat and drought stress. To evaluate the degree of subdivision in populations of M. phaseolina in Kansas agriculture and wildlands, 25 we compared 143 isolates from maize fields adjacent to tallgrass prairie, nearby sorghum fields, widely dispersed soybean fields, and isolates from eight plant species in tallgrass prairie. Isolate growth phenotypes were evaluated on a medium containing chlorate. Genetic characteristics were analyzed based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and the sequence of the rDNA-ITS region.