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Für Freiheit Und Demokratie
Bernd Eisenfeld/Rainer Eppelmann/ Karl Wilhelm Fricke/Peter Maser Für Freiheit und Demokratie 40 Jahre Widerstand in der SBZ/DDR Wissenschaftliche Dienste Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik 2 Bernd Eisenfeld/Rainer Eppelmann/Karl Wilhelm Fricke/Peter Maser Für Freiheit und Demokratie 40 Jahre Widerstand in der SBZ/DDR 3 ISBN 3-931575-99-3 Herausgeber: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Wissenschaftliche Dienste 4 INHALT Vorwort ... 7 Karl Wilhelm Fricke: Widerstand und politische Verfolgung in der DDR ... 9 Peter Maser: Die Rolle der Kirchen für die Opposition ... 20 Bernd Eisenfeld: Stasi-Methoden in den achtziger Jahren bei der Bekämpfung widerständiger Erscheinungen ... 33 Rainer Eppelmann: Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur ... 44 5 6 Vorwort Seit 1991 veranstaltet das Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik der Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung jährlich eine Tagung zum Thema ”Widerstand und Verfolgung in der SBZ/DDR. Das achte ”Buchenwald-Gespräch” fand Ende Oktober 1998 in Berlin in Verbindung mit der Gedenkstätte Hohenschönhausen statt. Hohenschönhausen ist ein authentischer Ort der kommunistischen Willkürjustiz und politischen Strafverfolgung. Die Gebäude der ehemaligen Großküche wurden nach Kriegsende von der sowjetischen Besatzungsmacht als Internierungslager für NSDAP- Mitglieder und NS-Verdächtige genutzt. Nach Auflösung des ”Speziallagers Nr. 3” diente Hohenschönhausen als zentrales sowjetisches Untersuchungsgefängnis für politisch- ideologische Gegner. 1950 richtete dort das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit eine zentrale Untersuchungshaftanstalt für politische Häftlinge ein. Der Rundgang unter Führung ehemaliger Häftlinge ließ die bedrückende Atmosphäre, Isolation und seelische Zermürbung lebendig werden, der die Insassen ausgesetzt waren. Im Mittelpunkt der Vorträge stand die Verfolgung der Regimegegner durch die SED in den fünfziger, siebziger und achtziger Jahren. Eine Auswahl der Beiträge ist in dieser Broschüre abgedruckt. -
Verlag Vittorio Klostermann Gesamtkatalog Stand Januar 2020
Verlag Vittorio Klostermann Gesamtkatalog Stand Januar 2020 A Abendland A.F und N.F. siehe Reihenverzeichnis L´absence au niveau syntagmatique. Fallstudien zum Französischen. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Fesenmeier, Anke Grutschus, Carolin Patzelt 2013. 300 Seiten. Analecta Romanica Band 80 Kt € 79.-* Best.Nr. 3757-6 E-Book € 158.- Best.Nr. 13757-3 E. Lavric: Article zéro et absence d´article an allemand et en français – A. Violet: L´article zéro après la préposition en allemand et en français – D. Marzo/B. Umbreit: Absenz und Präsenz verbaler Argumente. Hinweise auf den Nominalisierungsgrad von Infinitiven im Französischen – S. Heidinger: Zur Absenz und Präsenz eines Valenzoperators bei unmarkier- ten Antikausativa im Französischen – C. Meisner: Ne oder nicht ne? Akzeptabilitätstests zu verschiedenen Realisierungen der französischen Negation in phonischer Nähe- und Distanz- sprache – A. Dufter: Zur Geschichte der ne-Absenz in der neufranzösischen Satznegation – P. Hadermann: Les absences dans les comparatives en français – J. Glikman: L´absence se sub- ordonnant en français – C. Fuchs: L´inversion absolue en français – N. Tanguy: La phrase averbale, une phrase sans verbe? – M. Becker: La concordance des temps. Un cas d´absence? – C. Martinez: L´absence de signes diacritiques dans les écrits de la vie quotidi- enne – N. Rentel: Sprachliche Strategien zur Kompensation von Absenz in SMS Achter, Viktor: Geburt der Strafe 1951. 144 Seiten Kt € 18.- Best.Nr. 0001-3 Ackermann, Kathrin: Von der philosophisch-moralischen Erzählung zur modernen Novelle. Contes und nouvelles von 1760 bis 1830 2004. 398 Seiten. Analecta Romanica 70 Kt € 68.-* Best.Nr. 3228-1 E-Book € 95.20 Best.Nr. 13228-8 Adler, Alfred: Episches Frage- und Antwortspiel in der „Geste de Nanteuil” mit einem Exkurs über Gegenbildlichkeit in altfranzösischen „chansons de geste” 1974. -
From Democratic Socialism and Rational Planning To
NORDIC COUNTRIES IN FINNISH PERSPECTIVE FROM DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM AND RATIONAL PLANNING TO POSTMODERN IDENTITY POLITICS AND MARKET-ORIENTATION Ideological Development of the Social Democrats in Sweden and Finland in the Late 20th Century Sami Outinen D.Soc.Sc., University of Helsinki Democratic socialism and planning of term goal was a “socialist society” and “equality the economy between people”, which would be achieved by This article will deconstruct the ideological de- seeking the support of the majority of citizens. velopment of the Swedish Social Democratic Finland’s Social Democrats also favoured the ex- Party SAP (officially, “the Social Democratic pansion of public services, state companies and Workers’ Party of Sweden”) and the Social cooperatives, “democratic economic planning Democratic Party of Finland SDP. This will […] including the effective regulation of capital be done by analysing their own alternative movements” and “the societal control of com- scopes of action in relation to the concepts mercial banks and insurance companies”.1 The of major ideologies and economic theories SAP committed similarly in 1975 at its Party such as socialism, capitalism, economic plan- Conference to long-term planning of the econ- ning, market economy, postmodernism and omy (planmässig hushållning). It positioned Keynesianism as well as researching how Nor- itself as the representative of democratic social- dic social democrats redefined their conven- ism between communist planned economy and tional ideological meanings. capitalism.2 Accordingly, one of the motives for The SDP stressed at the Party Conference in stressing democratic socialism by the SDP was 1975 that democratic socialism was the basis to win the support of the radicalised post-war of its programmatic identity. -
Fiscal Policy After the Financial Crisis
This PDF is a selecon from a published volume from the Naonal Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Fiscal Policy aer the Financial Crisis Volume Author/Editor: Alberto Alesina and Francesco Giavazzi, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0‐226‐01844‐X, 978‐0‐226‐01844‐7 (cloth) Volume URL: hp://www.nber.org/books/ales11‐1 Conference Date: December 12‐13, 2011 Publicaon Date: June 2013 Chapter Title: The Electoral Consequences of Large Fiscal Adjustments Chapter Author(s): Alberto Alesina, Dorian Carloni, Giampaolo Lecce Chapter URL: hp://www.nber.org/chapters/c12654 Chapter pages in book: (p. 531 ‐ 570) 13 The Electoral Consequences of Large Fiscal Adjustments Alberto Alesina, Dorian Carloni, and Giampaolo Lecce 13.1 Introduction The conventional wisdom regarding the political consequences of large reductions of budget defi cits (which we label “fi scal adjustments”) is that they are the kiss of death for the governments that implement them: they are punished by voters at the following elections. In certain countries spending cuts are very unpopular, in others tax increases are politically more costly, but everywhere, the story goes, fi scal rigor is always unpopular. The empirical evidence on this point is much less clear cut than the con- viction with which this conventional wisdom is held. In this chapter, in fact, we fi nd no evidence that governments that reduce budget defi cits even deci- sively are systematically voted out of office. We also take into consideration as carefully as possible issues of reverse causality, namely the possibility that only “strong and popular” governments can implement fi scal adjust- ments and thus they are not voted out of office “despite” having reduced the defi cits. -
Environmental Management Since World War II Mattias Hjärpe & Björn-Ola Linnér
Environmental management since world war II Mattias Hjärpe & Björn-Ola Linnér The Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences, IVA, is an independent arena for the exchange of knowledge. By initiating and stimulating contacts between experts from different disciplines and countries the Acacemy promotes cross fertilisation between industry, academia, public administration and various interest groups. For further information about IVA and current projects visit IVA’s web page www.iva.se. This is one of the reports produced on behalf of the IVA-project ”Environmental Forsight”. For further information and documentation from this project is found on the project website www.iva.se/mna. Project manager: Thomas Malmer Communication manager: Eva Stattin Publisher: Kungl. Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien (IVA) 2006 Box 5073 SE-102 42 Stockholm Tfn: 08-791 29 00 IVA-R 457 ISSN: 0348-7393 ISBN: 91-7082-740-0 © Department for Water and Environmental Studies and Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, Linköpings universitet and IVA, 2006 2 Introduction to the background papers within the IVA-project Environmental Foresight How much resource depletion can the earth take? According to many estimates, consumption of the world’s natural resources is far higher than the earth can tolerate, while others maintain that shortages will drive the development of new technology. Regardless of where you stand, it is fair to say that the demand for various natural resources in the world is constantly increasing, not least because of the growth of new economies such as China and India. This applies to both renewable and finite resources, for energy transformation as well as manufacturing products. -
Taxonomy of Minority Governments
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design Volume 3 Article 1 10-17-2018 Taxonomy of Minority Governments Lisa La Fornara [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd Part of the Administrative Law Commons, American Politics Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Comparative Politics Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, International Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Legislation Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Rule of Law Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation La Fornara, Lisa (2018) "Taxonomy of Minority Governments," Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design: Vol. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd/vol3/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Taxonomy of Minority Governments LISA LA FORNARA INTRODUCTION A minority government in its most basic form is a government in which the party holding the most parliamentary seats still has fewer than half the seats in parliament and therefore cannot pass legislation or advance policy without support from unaffiliated parties.1 Because seats in minority parliaments are more evenly distributed amongst multiple parties, opposition parties have greater opportunity to block legislation. A minority government must therefore negotiate with external parties and adjust its policies to garner the majority of votes required to advance its initiatives.2 This paper serves as a taxonomy of minority governments in recent history and proceeds in three parts. -
Justizverwaltung in Der SB2/DDR Personalpolitik 1945 Bis Anfang Der 50Er Jahre
Heike Arnos Justizverwaltung in der SB2/DDR Personalpolitik 1945 bis Anfang der 50er Jahre 1996 Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar Wien INHALT 1. Vorbemerkung IX 2. Der Beginn 1 2.1. Zustand der Justiz im Sommer 1945 1 2.2. Die Bildung der Deutschen Zentralen Justizverwaltung (DJV) 5 2.3. Die KPD-Führungsschicht und ihre Justizpolitik bis April 1946 21 3. Veränderungen in Justiz und Justizverwaltung 31 3.1. Kompetenzstreitigkeiten zwischen der DJV und den Justizverwaltungen der Länder bis 1947 ......... 31 3.2. Justizpolitische Entwicklungen bis 1950 50 4. Personalpolitik auf Führungsebene . 70 4.1. Vom liberalen Justizfachmann Eugen Schiffer zum Partei- Funktionär Max Fechner. Sommer 1945 bis September 1948 70 4.2. Vom ehemaligen Sozialdemokraten Max Fechner zur kommunistischen Juristin Hilde Benjamin. 1948 bis 1953 • • 106 4.3. Der „Fall" Max Fechner 127 5. Das Gros der Juristen - die allgemeine „Kaderlage" 138 5.1. Entnazifizierung des Justizpersonals 138 5.2. Die Institution „Volksrichter" 151 5.3- DDR-Justizpersonal Anfang der 50er Jahre 173 6. Exkurs Rechtspolitische Neuerungen Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit und Kassationsgesetz . .• 188 7. Resümee 199 8. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 212 VI Inhalt 9. Dokumente 214 1: Struktur- und Personalvorschlag für die DJV von kommunistischer Seite, 23. August 1945 214 2: Brief von Paul Bertz an das Sekretariat des ZK der KPD vom 23. August 1945 215 3: Vorläufiges Statut der DJV in der SBZ Ende 1945 218 4: Rundschreiben des SED-Zentralsekretariats an die Landes- und Provinzialvorstände der SED vom 21. November 1946 221 5: Beratungsprotokoll Ulbricht/Fechner mit den Verantwort- lichen der Verwaltung des Inneren der Länder und der Zentrale,vom 20. -
Civil Law in East Germany-Its Development and Relation to Soviet Legal History and Ideology
The Yale Law Journal Volume 78, Number 1, November 1968 Civil Law in East Germany-Its Development and Relation to Soviet Legal History and Ideology Inga S. Markovitst The Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB), the German civil code of 1896, is still in force in both East and West Germany. Despite important modifications on both sides and despite special East German legislation on exchange relationships within the state-owned economy, the civil law' of contracts, torts, property, and inheritance is still governed by largely the same provisions and concepts. It is questionable, however, whether this legal unity will last much longer. Since the partition of Germany into eastern and western zones, and particularly since the foundation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Fed- eral Republic in 1949, jurists and government officials in East Germany have attacked the bourgeois civil code and asked for new "socialist" civil law. As early as 1952 at the Second Party Conference of the Socialist Unity Party,2 Ulbricht suggested the theoretical necessity for a new civil code. He reiterated his request at the Fifth Party Congress in 1958, after which legislative commissions were established to work on the preparation of a draft code.3 Although the new code was orig- inally intended to take effect on January 1, 1962,4 it has not yet been t BA. 1960, LL.B. 1960, Ph.D. 1966, Free University of Berlin. 1. Throughout this article the term "civil law" is used in its German sense, that is, in contrast not to "common law" but to "public law." It thus closely corresponds to the American notion of "private law." 2. -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. We use the term “state socialism” in the title of and introduction to this book to refer to the type of political, economic, and social welfare system that existed in postwar Eastern Europe. This was different from the social democracy practiced by some Western European democracies, which, while providing social services and benefits to the population did not advocate the complete overthrow of the market economy and the leading role of one political party. At the same time, since the parties in power during this period identified as communist and because policymakers, scholars, and people of the region often employ the term “communist” or “socialist” when referring to the system (political, economic, and/or social welfare) that existed in postwar Eastern Europe, we recognize the validity of using these terms. 2. See, for example, Nanette Funk and Magda Mueller, eds., Gender Politics and Post-Communism: Reflections from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (New York, 1993); Barbara Einhorn, Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender and Women’s Movements in East Central Europe (London, 1993); Chris Corrin, ed., Superwomen and the Double Burden: Women’s Experiences of Change in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union (New York, 1993); Marilyn Rueschemeyer, ed., Women in the Politics of Postcommunist Eastern Europe (Armonk, 1994); Barbara Lobodziknska, ed. Family, Women, and Employment in Central- Eastern Europe (Westport, 1995); Susan Gal and Gail Kligman, eds., Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics, and Everyday Life after Socialism (Princeton, 2000); Susan Gal and Gail Kligman, eds., The Politics of Gender After Socialism: A Comparative-Historical Essay (Princeton, 2002); Kristen Ghodsee, Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism, and Postsocialism on the Black Sea (Durham, NC, 2005); Jasmina Lukic´, Joanna Regulska, and Darja Zaviršek, eds., Women and Citizenship in Central and Eastern Europe (Aldershot, UK, 2006); and Janet E. -
"... Wir Müssen Alles in Der Hand Haben."
MINISTERIUM UND GESCHICHTE „ ... wir mssen alles in der Hand haben.“ Justizpolitik in der SBZ und der DDR 1945–1954 „ ... wir müssen alles in der Hand haben.“ * Justizpolitik in der SBZ und der DDR 1945–1954 * Ulbricht, Walter (1945) zitiert nach Leonhard, Wolfgang: Die Revolution entläßt ihre Kinder, Köln 1955, S. 440. 5 Vorwort Zentralverwaltung der Justiz (DJV) in den Einsatz von Volksrichtern ebenso der SBZ und das Ministerium der wie die Verflechtungen zwischen Justiz Justiz (MdJ) der DDR allerdings ihr und SED. Weiterhin verdeutlicht die Justiz- und Justizverwaltungspersonal Broschüre, wie sehr die unterschied- gewannen, war nicht Gegenstand des lichen Vorstellungen der Alliierten den „Rosenburg-Projekts“. Diese Lücke Aufbau und die Ausrichtung der Justiz schließt die vorliegende Broschüre. und der Justizverwaltung in den beiden Teilen Deutschlands geprägt haben. Das Wissen um die unterschiedlichen Justizsysteme in beiden deutschen Die Veröffentlichung ist ein wichtiger Staaten und um den unterschiedlichen Beitrag zur historischen und politischen Umgang dieser Systeme mit der ge- Bildung. Ihrem Autor, Herrn Professor meinsamen NS-Vergangenheit ist vor Hubert Rottleuthner, spreche ich allem für Juristinnen und Juristen meinen Dank aus. Ich freue mich, wertvoll. Die politische Einflussnahme dass die Broschüre die von meinem auf das Justizsystem müssen gerade sie Ministerium herausgegebene mit klarem, historisch informiertem Broschürenreihe zur Geschichte des Blick zu beurteilen wissen. Unser Justizressorts um einen wertvollen Rechtsstaat braucht zudem die Unter- Beitrag zur Justizgeschichte ergänzt. Sie halten eine Veröffentlichung über die Aufarbeitung der NS-Vergangenheit stützung aufgeklärter und aufmerk- die Justizpolitik in der DDR und der in den Justizministerien geben kann. samer Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Das SBZ in den Jahren 1945 - 1954 in den Wissen um die Fehler und Versäumnisse Händen. -
Bstu / State Security. a Reader on the GDR
Daniela Münkel (ed.) STATE SECURITY A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE Daniela Münkel (ed.) STATE SECURITY A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE Imprint Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic Department of Education and Research 10106 Berlin [email protected] Photo editing: Heike Brusendorf, Roger Engelmann, Bernd Florath, Daniela Münkel, Christin Schwarz Layout: Pralle Sonne Originally published under title: Daniela Münkel (Hg.): Staatssicherheit. Ein Lesebuch zur DDR-Geheimpolizei. Berlin 2015 Translation: Miriamne Fields, Berlin A READER The opinions expressed in this publication reflect solely the views of the authors. Print and media use are permitted ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE only when the author and source are named and copyright law is respected. token fee: 5 euro 2nd edition, Berlin 2018 ISBN 978-3-946572-43-5 6 STATE SECURITY. A READER ON THE GDR SECRET POLICE CONTENTS 7 Contents 8 Roland Jahn 104 Arno Polzin Preface Postal Inspection, Telephone Surveillance and Signal Intelligence 10 Helge Heidemeyer The Ministry for State Security and its Relationship 113 Roger Engelmann to the SED The State Security and Criminal Justice 20 Daniela Münkel 122 Tobias Wunschik The Ministers for State Security Prisons in the GDR 29 Jens Gieseke 130 Daniela Münkel What did it Mean to be a Chekist? The State Security and the Border 40 Bernd Florath 139 Georg Herbstritt, Elke Stadelmann-Wenz The Unofficial Collaborators Work in the West 52 Christian Halbrock 152 Roger Engelmann -
M061chairmen's Report
Chairmen’s Report on the High-level Expert Group Meeting “The Islamic World and the West” Chaired by Ingvar Carlsson, Co-chairman Abdelsalam Majali, Organizing Chairman 27-28 April 2006 International Leadership Institute, United Nations University Amman, Jordan © InterAction Council ISRAEL VS. PALESTINE Rooted in a conflict centuries old, a peaceful future for Israel and Palestine is critical to the region and to the world as a whole. The goals of both Israel and Palestine, in the resolution of their conflict, represent the goals of the world at large; lasting peace and international security. In an effort to better understand the problems facing the international community in relation to this conflict, the InterAction Council High-level Expert Group Meeting, held on the 27th and 28th April 2006 in Amman, Jordan, was convened to tackle the walls that surround the Palestinian/Israeli conflict. After concentrated discussion, participants of the High-level Expert Group Meeting developed a series of recommendations for the development of an enduring peaceful coexistence between Israel and Palestine. Mutual Recognition Mutual recognition, non-violence, and adherence to previous agreements from both sides are essential to the peace process moving forward. Israel and the international community must recognise the role that Palestine’s democratically elected government plays in contributing to the efficacy of the process for peace. It was recognised that Hamas won the 2006 election, and for this reason, it is crucial that the international community take immediate action to engage the Palestinian Authority in a political process based on dialogue, in order to revive the peace process and allow for renewed economic support.