Corespondenţa Primei Perechi Regale a României, Carol I Şi Elisabeta

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Corespondenţa Primei Perechi Regale a României, Carol I Şi Elisabeta ARTICOLE CORESPONDEN ŢA PRIMEI PERECHI REGALE A ROMÂNIEI, CAROL I ŞI ELISABETA, P ĂSTRAT Ă LA ARHIVELE NA ŢIONALE ALE ROMÂNIEI DIN BUCURE ŞTI Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN Abstract: The National Archive in Bucharest keep large number of letters of the first royal couple of Romania, King Charles I st (1839-1914) and Queen Elisabeth (1843-1916), also known under her pen-name Carmen Sylva. Both being descendants of German noble families, they wrote to each other in their native language and in the old German handwriting. The complete letters have been recently published in a German scientific edition in two volumes. The correspondence of the royal couple contains letters from almost every year of the marriage of the couple, starting from the letters of Princess Elisabeth of Wied during the engagement period in October and November 1869 and until the last letter from 1913, during the Second Balkan War, written on the typewriter by Queen Elisabeth. This article describes the content of the German edition of the correspondence of the first King and Queen of Romania. Keywords: King Carol I of Romania, Carmen Sylva – Elisabeth of Romania, Romania, History, Letters. Arhivele Na ţionale ale României p ăstreaz ă o bogat ă coresponden ţă a primei perechi regale a României, Carol I (1839-1914) şi Elisabeta (1843-1916) publicat ă recent într-o edi ţie 1 critic ă ştiin ţific ă complet ă în limba german ă2. 1 Acest articol este o traducere par ţial ă dup ă studiul introductiv la edi ţia german ă a coresponden ţei: „ In zärtlicher Liebe Deine Elisabeth" - "Stets Dein treuer Carl". Der Briefwechsel Elisabeths zu Wied (Carmen Sylva) mit ihrem Gemahl Carol I. von Rumänien aus dem Rumänischen Nationalarchiv in Bukarest. 1869-1913. [„Cu iubire tandr ă, a ta Elisabeta – Mereu al t ău credincios, Carol”. Coresponden ţa Elisabetei de Wied (Carmen Sylva) cu so ţul ei, Carol I al României, din Arhivele Na ţionale ale REVISTA BIBLIOTECII ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE , Anul 3, Nr. 1, ianuarie-iunie 2018, p. 3-21. 4 Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN Carol I a fost ales în anul 1866 de elita politic ă româneasc ă a vremii ca domnitor al Principatelor Unite ale Moldovei şi Ţă rii Române şti, iar dup ă cucerirea Independen ţei ţă rii şi proclamarea Regatului României în 1878, el a fost încoronat, în anul 1881, ca primul Rege al României. În anul 1869 Carol I s-a c ăsătorit cu prin ţesa Elisabeta de Wied, care începând din anul 1880 va publica sub numele artistic „Carmen Sylva” numeroase opere literare îndeosebi în limba german ă, câ ştigând în scurt timp, în str ăin ătate, faim ă şi recunoa ştere ca Regin ă poet ă şi scriitoare în serviciul Regatului României 3. Provenind amândoi din familii princiare germane, Elisabeta fiind născut ă prin ţes ă de Wied, iar Carol prin ţ de Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, coresponden ţa perechii regale este scris ă în limba lor matern ă, german ă, şi în scrisul de mân ă vechi german, pe alocuri pres ărat ă cu numeroase expresii şi pasaje în limbile francez ă şi român ă, în alfabetul latin. Scrisorile Reginei Elisabeta c ătre augustul ei so ţ, p ăstrate la Arhivele Na ţionale ale României, constituie un fond epistolar deosebit de bogat (432 de scrisori, telegrame şi bilete). În schimb, s-au p ăstrat doar 52 din scrisorile Regelui Carol I adresate Reginei, din care 45 sunt scrisori originale şi ciorne de scrisoare în scrisul olograf al Regelui, iar 7 sunt copii dup ă scrisorile Regelui, transcrise de alt ă persoan ă4. Dup ă cum afl ăm chiar din coresponden ţa Regelui Carol I, unele scrisori ale sale c ătre Regin ă erau apreciate de el însu şi, la acea vreme, ca fiind un material important pentru istoriografia viitoare, încât am putea presupune c ă României din Bucure şti]. Edi ţie critic ă ştiin ţific ă îngrijit ă, comentat ă şi studiu introductiv de Silvia Irina Zimmermann, Schriftenreihe der Forschungsstelle Carmen Sylva - Fürstlich Wiedisches Archiv, Band 6 und 7 [Colec ţia Centrului de Cercetare Carmen Sylva – Arhiva Princiar ă de Wied, vol. 6 şi 7], 2 volume, 952 pagini, 66 ilustra ţii alb-negru, 14 ilustra ţii color, Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag, 2018. Un proiect în colaborare cu Arhivele Na ţionale ale României. Edi ţia selectiv ă în limba român ă îngrijit ă şi traducere de Silvia Irina Zimmermann şi Romani ţa Constantinescu este în preg ătire la editura Humanitas din Bucure şti. http://www.carmensylva- fwa.de/publ/fscsfwa-briefedition.html (accesat: 20.07.2018). 2 Îmi revine pl ăcuta îndatorire din a mul ţumi Arhivelor Na ţionale ale României din Bucure şti, partenerul proiectului de carte, îndeosebi, cu afec ţiune şi recuno ştin ţă , doamnei Dr. Alina Pavelescu (director adjunct ANR), şi pentru sugestii pre ţioase şi corectura traducerii studiului introductiv domnului Dr. Rudolf Dinu (director al Institutului Român de Cultur ă şi Cercetare Umanistic ă de la Vene ţia). 3 Sorin Liviu Damean, Carol I al României – Un Monarh Devotat , Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgovi ște, 2016, p. 11-190. 4 Edi ţia ştiin ţific ă german ă red ă scrisorile integral, în transcrierea exact ă dup ă manuscrisul german („diplomatic transcription”). CORESPONDEN ŢA PRIMEI PERECHI REGALE A ROMÂNIEI... 5 a efectuat chiar el o prim ă selec ţie reprezentativ ă a scrisorilor sale personale, în scopul de a le p ăstra pentru mai târziu ca documente istorice. Pe de alt ă parte, presupunând c ă Regele i-a r ăspuns so ţiei sale în egal ă m ăsur ă la scrisorile primite, rezult ă c ă cea mai mare parte a scrisorilor personale ale Regelui Carol I către Regin ă nu s-a p ăstrat. În acest caz putem doar specula dac ă, dup ă o prim ă sortare, restul scrisorilor Regelui a fost p ăstrat un timp în altă parte şi s-a pierdut ulterior, ori dac ă au c ăzut toate prad ă incendiului de la Arhivele Na ţionale din timpul revolu ţiei din 1989, întrucât, în prezent, nu avem informaţii despre existen ţa scrisorilor care lipsesc. Coresponden ţa perechii regale din Arhivele Na ţionale din Bucure şti cuprinde aproape întreaga perioad ă a c ăsniciei lor (44 din 45 de ani), începând cu epistolele Elisabetei din vremea logodnei din octombrie 1869 şi pân ă la ultima scrisoare, tot a Reginei către Rege, din anul 1913, din perioada celui de al doilea R ăzboi Balcanic, şi ofer ă o privire de ansamblu am ănun ţit ă asupra rela ţiei conjugale a primei perechi regale a României. Ce cuprinde coresponden ţa perechii regale Carol I şi Elisabeta? Scrisorile Prin ţesei Elisabeta de Wied din perioada logodnei (octombrie-noiembrie 1869): Aceste scrisori ne ofer ă o cu totul alt ă impresie despre sentimentele Prin ţesei Elisabeta decât ne era pân ă acum cunoscut ă din literatura de specialitate, aici c ăsătoria dinastic ă cu Domnitorul Carol, la Colonia (Köln), preg ătit ă cu grij ă din timp de mama principesei f ără cuno ştin ţa celei din urm ă, fiind perceput ă de Prin ţesa Elisabeta ca o binevenit ă şi fericit ă şans ă a destinului ei. În aceste scrisori descoperim o femeie tân ără, cu un orizont despre via ţă deja foarte matur, în ţelegând pe deplin însemn ătatea viitoarelor ei sarcini al ături de domnitor pe un tron str ăin, şi în acela şi timp scrisorile ei ne arat ă fericirea unei femei îndr ăgostite, care se preg ăte şte cu bucurie pentru evenimentul cel mai norocos din via ţa ei. Astfel, trebuie revizuit ă concep ţia r ăspândit ă pân ă acum în biografii, c ă rela ţia Elisabetei cu Carol I ar fi fost doar o c ăsătorie de convenien ţă, f ără sentimente, iar prin ţesa s-ar fi suspus destinului, entuziasmându-se doar de ideea de a se dedica ca „mam ă a poporului” misiunii pe un tron str ăin. De asemenea, citind poeziile pe care prin ţesa Elisabeta le trimisese în perioada logodnei Domnitorului Carol, descoperim c ă activitatea ei poetic ă începuse deja 6 Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN cu mult înainte de a se afirma şi în public ca scriitoare şi c ă îi comunicase aceasta augustului ei so ţ de la bun început, explicându-i (de exemplu în scrisoarea din 31 octombrie 1869 din palatul Monrepos de lâng ă Neuwied) c ă o va putea cunoa şte mai bine din poeziile ei, în care î şi poate exprima sentimentele şi tr ăirile interioare mult mai u şor fa ţă de so ţul ei, decât în conversa ţiile cotidiene. Coresponden ţa perechii domnitoare din timpul r ăzboiului ruso- turc (R ăzboiul de Independen ţă a României) 1877-1878: Aceast ă parte a coresponden ţei cuprinde numeroase scrisori de pe front ale Domnitorului Carol, în care sunt descrieri ale activit ăţ ilor militare în sudul Dun ării şi din timpul luptelor pentru cucerirea ora şului bulg ăresc Plevna. Fragmente din aceste scrisori au fost publicate deja în timpul vie ţii suveranului. 5 În edi ţia de fa ţa scrisorile Domnitorului Carol sunt redate pentru prima oar ă integral şi cu fidelitate dup ă manuscrisul original în limba german ă. De asemenea, red ăm integral r ăspunsurile Elisabetei c ătre Carol, în care descrie activitatea ei de organizare a îngrijirii r ăni ţilor de r ăzboi în bar ăcile amenajate în parcul Palatului Cotroceni. Scrisorile Reginei Elisabeta din c ălătoriile şi sejururile ei de tratament în str ăin ătate: Pe lâng ă vizitele la Neuwied, la familia ei, Regina Elisabeta a petrecut unele perioade de câteva luni la tratament, în str ăin ătate.
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