Writing Queens of Romania, Elisabeth (Carmen Sylva) and Marie
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Sus Par Nume Au, Impar Tl
PORTRETUL PERECHII PRINCIARE MOŞTENITOARE FERDINAND ŞI MARIA DIN VIZIUNEA REGINEI ELISABETA A ROMÂNIEI ÎN SCRISORI PERSONALE ŞI TEXTE PENTRU PUBLICUL LARG * Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN Abstract: Several literary texts of Carmen Sylva (penname of the Queen Elisabeth, consort of King Carol Ist of Romania) contain autobiographical aspects, but there are only a few diaries she published, such as Pe Dunăre (Sailing the Danube River, 1905), where she writes about the members of the Romanian royal family. Whereas in the autobiographical works Carmen Sylva draws a mostly positive image of the royal family, the personal correspondence of the Queen reveals the whole range of intimate sentiments, hopes, disappointments, and resentments regarding her life and family relationships. In her letters to her princiary family in Neuwied and to her husband, King Carol Ist, she writes frankly, often critically, sometimes caustically, about the family members including the hereditary couple Ferdinand and Marie („Nando” and „Missy”). Keywords: King Carol Ist of Romania, Carmen Sylva – Elisabeth of Romania, King Ferdinand of Romania, Mary of Romania, royality, literature, history, letters. „Carmen Sylva vedea cu ochii ei, auzea cu urechile ei, vorbea cu limba ei” – astfel o caracteriza Principesa Moştenitoare Maria pe prima regină a * Lucrarea a fost prezentată în cadrul simpozionului organizat de Muzeul Naţional Peleş, „Reşedinţele regale de la Sinaia. Artă şi istorie. Regele Ferdinand I şi Regina Maria”, în perioada 17-18 septembrie 2015 la Buşteni. REVISTA BIBLIOTECII ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE, Anul 1, nr. 2, iunie-decembrie 2016, p. 11-35. 12 Silvia Irina ZIMMERMANN României în însemnările din anul 19131. Mai mult decât atât, prima regină a Românei, Elisabeta de Wied, a avut o mare notorietate la vremea ei, datorită activităţii literare sub pseudonimul Carmen Sylva, sub care, de altfel, nu şi-a ascuns adevărata identitate de regină. -
March 02, 1995 Cable, US Embassy
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified March 02, 1995 Cable, U.S. Embassy Bucharest to the Secretary of State, 'EUR Assistant Secretary A/S Holbrooke's Meeting with President Iliescu' Citation: “Cable, U.S. Embassy Bucharest to the Secretary of State, 'EUR Assistant Secretary A/S Holbrooke's Meeting with President Iliescu',” March 02, 1995, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, "Declassified Documents Concerning NATO Expansion," Mandatory Declassification Review Case Number 2015-0771-M, William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum, originally accessed at https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/100538. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/209780 Summary: Richard Holbrooke and Romanian President Ion Iliescu discuss US-Romania relations and the possibilities for NATO enlargement. Credits: This document was made possible with support from Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY). Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document F:\Cable\Data Soiirce\Cables\CD012\MAR95\MSGS\M1542369.html Page 1 of 10 Cable PREC IMMEDIATE CLASS .CONFIDENT'IAfe DECLASSIFIED E.0.13525, Sec. 3i(b) LINEl OAACZYUW RUEHBMA22I8 0611426-CCCC--RHEHAAX. While House Guidelines, September 11,2006 LINE2 ZNY CCCCC ZZH ByJtL^NARA, DateliliJ LINES 0 021426Z MAR 95 LINE4 FM AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST OSRI RUEHBM DTG 021426Z MAR 95 ORIG AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4418 INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE SUBJ EUR ASSISTANT SECRETARY A/S HOLBROOKE'S MEETING WITH PRESIDENT ILIESCU TEXT: •CON FIDE NTIAIr SECTION 01 OF 0 5 BUCHAREST 002218 E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR TAGS: PGOV, PREL, ECON, EINV, PHUM, NATO, HU, RO SUBJECT: EUR ASSISTANT SECRETARY A/S HOLBROOKE'S MEETING WITH PRESIDENT ILIESCU REF: BUCHAREST 2010 1 . -
Joint Cabinet Crisis Europe 1864 Joint Cabinet Crisis
JOINT CABINET CRISIS EUROPE 1864 JOINT CABINET CRISIS TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................ 2 WELCOME LETTER .................................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION TO CRISIS ...................................................................................................................................... 4 THE BACKROOM ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 THE FRONTROOM.......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 THE CHAIR ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 DEUS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 ANNOUNCEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 DIRECTIVES................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Romania Redivivus
alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head. -
Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters”
American Economic Review 2021, 111(2): 1–35 https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191137 Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters” in the Civil War† By Christian Dippel and Stephan Heblich* This paper studies the role of leaders in the social movement against slavery that culminated in the US Civil War. Our analysis is orga- nized around a natural experiment: leaders of the failed German rev- olution of 1848–1849 were expelled to the United States and became antislavery campaigners who helped mobilize Union Army volun- teers. Towns where Forty-Eighters settled show two-thirds higher Union Army enlistments. Their influence worked through local newspapers and social clubs. Going beyond enlistment decisions, Forty-Eighters reduced their companies’ desertion rate during the war. In the long run, Forty-Eighter towns were more likely to form a local chapter of the NAACP. JEL D74, J15, J45, J61, N31, N41 ( ) Between 1861 and 1865, the United States’ North and South fought each other over the issue of slavery in the American Civil War. One in five adult men, 2.2 mil- lion in the North alone, took up arms to fight in the Union Army. Fighting was costly on both sides. In total, 620,000 men lost their lives, as many as in all other American wars combined Hacker 2011, Costa and Kahn 2003 . At the same time, the finan- ( ) cial incentives to fight in the war were low. Union Army privates earned about $13 per month, less than a farmhand Edmunds 1866 , and payment was irregular. In the ( ) South, there were stronger economic motives at least for some, since the war was about the survival of Southern institutions and property Hall, Huff, and Kuriwaki ( 2019 . -
How to Evaluate German Unification?
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Zapf, Wolfgang Working Paper How to evaluate German unification? WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 00-404 Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Zapf, Wolfgang (2000) : How to evaluate German unification?, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS III 00-404, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/50191 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise -
Elisabeth Crowell and Visiting Nurse Education in Europe, 1917-1925
Elisabeth Crowell and Visiting Nurse Education in Europe, 1917-1925 By Jaime Lapeyre RN, Ph.D. Candidate University of Toronto Canada [email protected] and By Sioban Nelson RN, Ph.D., FCAHS Dean and Professor, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto Canada [email protected] © 2011 by Jaime Lapeyre and Sioban Nelson The Rockefeller Foundation’s (RF) Commission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in France (CPTF) was established in 1917 and included the RF’s first involvement with the training of nurses. During the first few years of the war the RF had formed a War Relief Commission and provided aid to Belgium, Serbia and Poland, as well as other war-ravaged countries, as a result of their continued study of conditions in Europe. Upon the U.S.’s entry into the war, and the formation of the War Council under the American Red Cross, the RF withdrew its War Relief Commission and merged its resources with the Red Cross. One of the areas in most need of help was that of tuberculosis prevention in France. After careful study of this field by Dr. Hermann Biggs, New York State Commissioner of Health, and at the invitation of French authorities, the International Health Board (IHB) of the RF formed the Commission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in France. The work of the Commission included establishing centers for the training of tuberculosis workers and visiting nurses.1 1 The nurse placed in charge of the Commission’s training program for health visitors was Frances Elisabeth Crowell. Crowell was an American, who after completing her training as a nurse, moved to New York to complete her social work education at the New York School of Philanthropy. -
Furnizorii Palatului Cotroceni- (1895 - 1930)
FURNIZORII PALATULUI COTROCENI- (1895 - 1930) Ștefania DINU Abstract: The suppliers of the Cotroceni Palace and of the princely, then royal family Ferdinand and Maria were both those who held the Royal Court supplier's certificate obtained since the reign of King Carol I, and suppliers who did not own (or who had not applied for the Royal Court's supplier patent), but who, by delivering good quality goods, became its consistent and constant suppliers. If sometimes it had a slightly charitable aspect, the title of supplier of the Royal Court sought to promote some specialists who presented social, professional and moral guarantees, being, in fact, an official recognition of their merits. Through this title, the royalty encouraged crafts, production, services, its possession being a good example to follow. The granting of the patents of royal suppliers took place after the proclamation of Romania as a Kingdom and of Prince Carol of Hohenzollern as King, under the name of Carol I of Romania, when the princely suppliers existing until that moment, became royal suppliers. The supplier's patent of the Royal Court, according to the regulations regarding the granting of this title, from 1893, 1901, 1907, 1914 and 1920 shows that it "can be conferred on craftsmen, industrialists and merchants who, through ability and morality and a reputation in their specialty ". The patent for "supplier of the Royal House" was personal and non-transferable and was handed over without discrimination of race and religion, both to Romanians and foreigners. Once granted, the patent gave the right to place the royal insignia next to the firm and could be withdrawn if the holder no longer fulfilled a series of conditions required by the regulations regarding the granting of this title. -
Timeline / 1870 to After 1930 / ROMANIA
Timeline / 1870 to After 1930 / ROMANIA Date Country Theme 1871 Romania Rediscovering The Past Alexandru Odobescu sends an archaeological questionnaire to teachers all over the country, who have to return information about archaeological discoveries or vestiges of antique monuments existing in the areas where they live or work. 1873 Romania International Exhibitions Two Romanians are members of the international jury of the Vienna International Exposition: agronomist and economist P.S. Aurelian and doctor Carol Davila. 1873 Romania Travelling The first tourism organisation from Romania, called the Alpine Association of Transylvania, is founded in Bra#ov. 1874 Romania Rediscovering The Past 18 April: decree for the founding of the Commission of Public Monuments to record the public monuments on Romanian territory and to ensure their conservation. 1874 Romania Reforms And Social Changes Issue of the first sanitation law in the United Principalities. The sanitation system is organised hierarchically and a Superior Medical Council, with a consultative role, is created. 1875 - 1893 Romania Political Context Creation of the first Romanian political parties: the Liberal Party (1875), the Conservative Party (1880), the Radical-Democratic Party (1888), and the Social- Democratic Party of Romanian Labourers (1893). 1876 Romania Reforms And Social Changes Foundation of the Romanian Red Cross. 1876 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 19 February: birth of the great Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncu#i, author of sculptures such as Mademoiselle Pogany, The Kiss, Bird in Space, and The Endless Column. His works are today exhibited in museums in France, the USA and Romania. 1877 - 1881 Romania Political Context After Parliament declares Romania’s independence (May 1877), Romania participates alongside Russia in the Russian-Ottoman war. -
The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania: a Study of the So-Called Penn- Sylvania Dutch
THE GERMAN AND SWISS SETTLEMENTS OF COLONIAL PENNSYLVANIA: A STUDY OF THE SO-CALLED PENN- SYLVANIA DUTCH BY OSCAR KUHNS Member of the Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of the Revolution, of the Pennsylvania-German Society, and of the Lancaster County Historical Society NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 1901 Copyright, 1900, BY HENRY HOLT & CO. ROBERT DRUMMOND, PRINTER, NEW YORK. THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR TO THE MEMORY OF HIS ANCESTORS GEORGE KUNTZ AND HANS HERR PIONEER SETTLERS OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Die Enkel gut thun an die Milhen ihrer Vorfahren zu denken." FREYTAG. PREFACE. THE object of this book is to give a complete yet concise view of a too-much-neglected phase of American origins. The author has especially tried to be impartial, avoiding as far as possible mere rhetoric, and allowing the facts to speak for themselves. As a book of this kind can have no real value unless it is reliable, authorities have been freely quoted, even at the risk of making the number of foot-notes larger than is perhaps suited to the taste of the general public. BERN, SWITZERLAND, October i, 1900. iii CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE iii CHAPTER I. THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND i II. THE SETTLING OF THE GERMAN COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA 30 III. OVER LAND AND SEA 62 IV. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PENNSYL- VANIA-GERMAN FARMER IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 83 V. LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND EDUCATION. 1 15 VI. THE RELIGIOUS LIFE / 153 \ *_!,-' VII. IN PEACE AND IN WAR T<j3 VIII. CONCLUSION 221 APPENDIX PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN FAMILY NAMES. -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
The War and Fashion
F a s h i o n , S o c i e t y , a n d t h e First World War i ii Fashion, Society, and the First World War International Perspectives E d i t e d b y M a u d e B a s s - K r u e g e r , H a y l e y E d w a r d s - D u j a r d i n , a n d S o p h i e K u r k d j i a n iii BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2021 Selection, editorial matter, Introduction © Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian, 2021 Individual chapters © their Authors, 2021 Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgments on p. xiii constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design by Adriana Brioso Cover image: Two women wearing a Poiret military coat, c.1915. Postcard from authors’ personal collection. This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third- party websites referred to or in this book.