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Generated an Epistemological Knowledge of the Nation—Quantifying And
H-Nationalism The “Majority Question” in Interwar Romania: Making Majorities from Minorities in a Heterogeneous State Discussion published by Emmanuel Dalle Mulle on Wednesday, April 22, 2020 H-Nationalism is proud to publish here the sixth post of its “Minorities in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives” series, which looks at majority- minority relations from a multi-disciplinary and diachronic angle. Today’s contribution, by R. Chris Davis (Lone Star College–Kingwood), examines the efforts of Romanian nation-builders to make Romanians during the interwar period. Heterogeneity in Interwar Romania While the situation of ethnic minorities in Romania has been examined extensively within the scholarship on the interwar period, far too little consideration is given into the making of the Romanian ethnic majority itself. My reframing of the “minority question” into its corollary, the “majority question,” in this blogpost draws on my recently published book examining the contested identity of the Moldavian Csangos, an ethnically fluid community of Romanian- and Hungarian-speaking Roman Catholics in eastern Romania.[1] While investigating this case study of a putative ethnic, linguistic, and religious minority, I was constantly reminded that not only minorities but also majorities are socially constructed, crafted from regional, religious, and linguistic bodies and identities. Transylvanians, Bessarabians, and Bănățeni (people from the Banat region) and Regațeni (inhabitants of Romania’s Old Kingdom), for example, were rendered into something -
March 02, 1995 Cable, US Embassy
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified March 02, 1995 Cable, U.S. Embassy Bucharest to the Secretary of State, 'EUR Assistant Secretary A/S Holbrooke's Meeting with President Iliescu' Citation: “Cable, U.S. Embassy Bucharest to the Secretary of State, 'EUR Assistant Secretary A/S Holbrooke's Meeting with President Iliescu',” March 02, 1995, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, "Declassified Documents Concerning NATO Expansion," Mandatory Declassification Review Case Number 2015-0771-M, William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum, originally accessed at https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/items/show/100538. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/209780 Summary: Richard Holbrooke and Romanian President Ion Iliescu discuss US-Romania relations and the possibilities for NATO enlargement. Credits: This document was made possible with support from Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY). Original Language: English Contents: Scan of Original Document F:\Cable\Data Soiirce\Cables\CD012\MAR95\MSGS\M1542369.html Page 1 of 10 Cable PREC IMMEDIATE CLASS .CONFIDENT'IAfe DECLASSIFIED E.0.13525, Sec. 3i(b) LINEl OAACZYUW RUEHBMA22I8 0611426-CCCC--RHEHAAX. While House Guidelines, September 11,2006 LINE2 ZNY CCCCC ZZH ByJtL^NARA, DateliliJ LINES 0 021426Z MAR 95 LINE4 FM AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST OSRI RUEHBM DTG 021426Z MAR 95 ORIG AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4418 INFO RUEHZL/EUROPEAN POLITICAL COLLECTIVE SUBJ EUR ASSISTANT SECRETARY A/S HOLBROOKE'S MEETING WITH PRESIDENT ILIESCU TEXT: •CON FIDE NTIAIr SECTION 01 OF 0 5 BUCHAREST 002218 E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR TAGS: PGOV, PREL, ECON, EINV, PHUM, NATO, HU, RO SUBJECT: EUR ASSISTANT SECRETARY A/S HOLBROOKE'S MEETING WITH PRESIDENT ILIESCU REF: BUCHAREST 2010 1 . -
Romania Redivivus
alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head. -
Furnizorii Palatului Cotroceni- (1895 - 1930)
FURNIZORII PALATULUI COTROCENI- (1895 - 1930) Ștefania DINU Abstract: The suppliers of the Cotroceni Palace and of the princely, then royal family Ferdinand and Maria were both those who held the Royal Court supplier's certificate obtained since the reign of King Carol I, and suppliers who did not own (or who had not applied for the Royal Court's supplier patent), but who, by delivering good quality goods, became its consistent and constant suppliers. If sometimes it had a slightly charitable aspect, the title of supplier of the Royal Court sought to promote some specialists who presented social, professional and moral guarantees, being, in fact, an official recognition of their merits. Through this title, the royalty encouraged crafts, production, services, its possession being a good example to follow. The granting of the patents of royal suppliers took place after the proclamation of Romania as a Kingdom and of Prince Carol of Hohenzollern as King, under the name of Carol I of Romania, when the princely suppliers existing until that moment, became royal suppliers. The supplier's patent of the Royal Court, according to the regulations regarding the granting of this title, from 1893, 1901, 1907, 1914 and 1920 shows that it "can be conferred on craftsmen, industrialists and merchants who, through ability and morality and a reputation in their specialty ". The patent for "supplier of the Royal House" was personal and non-transferable and was handed over without discrimination of race and religion, both to Romanians and foreigners. Once granted, the patent gave the right to place the royal insignia next to the firm and could be withdrawn if the holder no longer fulfilled a series of conditions required by the regulations regarding the granting of this title. -
Timeline / 1870 to After 1930 / ROMANIA
Timeline / 1870 to After 1930 / ROMANIA Date Country Theme 1871 Romania Rediscovering The Past Alexandru Odobescu sends an archaeological questionnaire to teachers all over the country, who have to return information about archaeological discoveries or vestiges of antique monuments existing in the areas where they live or work. 1873 Romania International Exhibitions Two Romanians are members of the international jury of the Vienna International Exposition: agronomist and economist P.S. Aurelian and doctor Carol Davila. 1873 Romania Travelling The first tourism organisation from Romania, called the Alpine Association of Transylvania, is founded in Bra#ov. 1874 Romania Rediscovering The Past 18 April: decree for the founding of the Commission of Public Monuments to record the public monuments on Romanian territory and to ensure their conservation. 1874 Romania Reforms And Social Changes Issue of the first sanitation law in the United Principalities. The sanitation system is organised hierarchically and a Superior Medical Council, with a consultative role, is created. 1875 - 1893 Romania Political Context Creation of the first Romanian political parties: the Liberal Party (1875), the Conservative Party (1880), the Radical-Democratic Party (1888), and the Social- Democratic Party of Romanian Labourers (1893). 1876 Romania Reforms And Social Changes Foundation of the Romanian Red Cross. 1876 Romania Fine And Applied Arts 19 February: birth of the great Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncu#i, author of sculptures such as Mademoiselle Pogany, The Kiss, Bird in Space, and The Endless Column. His works are today exhibited in museums in France, the USA and Romania. 1877 - 1881 Romania Political Context After Parliament declares Romania’s independence (May 1877), Romania participates alongside Russia in the Russian-Ottoman war. -
Remarks to the People of Romania in Bucharest November 23, 2002
Administration of George W. Bush, 2002 / Nov. 23 the honor of this award. May God bless NOTE: The President spoke at 3:47 p.m. at Romania. Cotroceni Palace. In his remarks, he referred to President Ion Iliescu and Prime Minister Adrian Nastase of Romania. Remarks to the People of Romania in Bucharest November 23, 2002 Salut! Thank you all. Thank you, Mr. The path of freedom you’ve chosen is President. Thank you for being out here not easy, but it’s the only path worth tak- in the rain. Thank you for such a warm ing. I know that your hardship did not end welcome. Laura and I are honored to be with your oppression. America respects in this great country. As we started speak- your labor, your patience, your daily deter- ing, a rainbow appeared. God is smiling mination to find a better life. Your effort on us today. has been recognized by an offer to NATO I’m proud to stand in this great square membership. We welcome Romania into and to bring the good wishes of the Amer- NATO. ican people. Today we reaffirm the friend- NATO’s invitation to join was also a vote ship between your country and mine. I’m of confidence that you will continue the honored to carry a message to the people hard work of political, economic, and mili- of Romania: We proudly invite you to join tary reform. And as you do, you will have NATO, the great alliance of freedom. partners in all the nations of NATO. -
Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) // Slověne
Patterns and Паттерны и Mechanisms of механизмы Lexical Changes in the лексических Languages of Symbiotic изменений в языках Communities: симбиотических Kinship Terminology сообществ: термины in Karashevo родства в Карашево (Banat, Romania) (Банат, Румыния) Daria V. Konior Дарья Владимировна Конёр The Institute for Linguistic Studies Институт лингвистических исследований of the Russian Academy of Sciences Российской академии наук St. Petersburg, Russia С.-Петербург, Россия Abstract This article deals with the ethnolinguistic situation in one of the most archaic areas of language and cultural contact between South Slavic and Eastern Ro- mance populations—the Karashevo microregion in Banat, Romania. For the fi rst time, the lexical-semantic group of kinship terms in the Krashovani dia- lects from the Slavic-speaking village of Carașova and the Romanian-speak- ing village of Iabalcea is being analysed in a comparative perspective as two Цитирование: Konior D. V. Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) // Slověne. 2020. Vol. 9, № 1. C. 381–411. Citation: Konior D. V. (2019) Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania). Slověne, Vol. 9, № 1, p. 381–411. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.1.14 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International 2020 №1 Slověne Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: 382 | Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania) separate linguistic codes which “serve” the same local culture. The main goal of the research was to investigate patterns of borrowing mechanisms which could link lexical (sub)systems of spiritual culture under the conditions of in- timate language contact in symbiotic communities. -
Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth
Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth By Claudia Costin Folkloric Aspects of the Romanian Imaginary and Myth By Claudia Costin This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Claudia Costin All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-1111-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-1111-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................... vii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Calendar Holydays: The Mythical Dimension and the Spectacular The Custom of the Lads from Şcheii Braşovului: Mythical Reminiscences and Symbolical Valences ........................................ 1 From Mythic-ritualistic Gesture to Popular Show Căluşarii ................ 12 The Sânziene—Between Tradition and Actuality ................................ 21 Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 25 The Woman in Historical Romania The Imaginary of the Female Body -
Citadels of Transylvania & UNESCO Painted
Balkan Trails S.R.L. 29 Mihail Sebastian St. 050784 Bucharest, Romania Tour operator license #757 Citadels of Transylvania & UNESCO painted monasteries (7 nights) Tour Description: Your exploration of the priceless treasures of old Romania begins at the opulent 19th-century Peles Castle, famous for its sumptuous décor. In Brasov’s medieval Old Town, admire the Black Church, the Old Town Square, and St. Nicholas Church. Proceed to Bran Castle, a former military fortress lovingly renovated in the 1920s by Maria, second queen of Romania. Visit the famous UNESCO World Heritage painted monasteries, renowned for their kaleidoscopic frescoes. Continue your journey along the magnificent Bicaz Gorges and discover the ancient art of egg painting. In the living citadel of Sighisoara, take in the magnificent view from the 800-year-old Clock Tower. Ascend to the Gothic Church on the Hill via a covered staircase built in the 1600s. Later, stop for coffee at the birthplace of Vlad the Impaler. You’ll visit the home of a family of gypsies—an uncommon opportunity experienced by a select few. In Sibiu, tour the most secure of the region’s Saxon strongholds. At its height, Sibiu boasted seven protective walls around the city. The Saxons also built Biertan and other “peasant fortified churches” to protect themselves during the tumultuous Middle Ages. At Curtea de Arges, visit the breathtaking 14th-century monastery teeming with tales of desperation and human sacrifice. Finally, climb the steep steps to Vlad the Impaler’s Poienari Fortress, which provides -
Minority Studies 16 240.Indd
MINORITY STUDIES MINORITY STUDIES Special issue Trends and Directions of Kin-State Policies in Europe and Across the Globe 16 2014 This review is published with the contribution of the Research Institute for Hungarian Communities Abroad and with funding by the National Cultural Fund In cooperation with: Bethlen Gabor Fund Management Editors: Gyõzõ Cholnoky, Zoltán Kántor, András Ludányi, Eszter Herner-Kovács ISSN 2064-227X Published by Lucidus Kiadó Editorial office: H-1014 Budapest, Hess A.tér 5. [email protected] www.bgazrt.hu/npki Typography by Scriptor Kft. Printed by Scriptor Kft. CONTENTS ESZTER HERNER-KOVÁCS – ZoLTÁN KÁNTOR Kin-state Policies in Europe 7 I. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DUAL CITIZENSHIP AND EXTERNAL VOTING RIGHTS LÁSZLÓ TRÓCSÁNYI The Regulation of External Voting at National and International Level 13 MARCEL SZABÓ International Law and European Law Aspects of External Voting with Special Regard to Dual Citizenship 25 HAJNALKA JUHÁSZ External Voting in the International Practice: A Comparative Analysis and Overview 47 II. CITIZENSHIP IN WESTERN EUROPE KARL CORDELL Germany as a Kin-state: Norms and Objectives 63 JOËLLE GARRIAUD-MAYLAM The Political Rights of French Citizens Abroad and their Parliamentary Representation 94 FERDINAND MAYRHOFER-GRÜNBÜHEL The Nation-concept and Policies on Citizenship in Austria 107 III. CITIZENSHIP IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE IRINA CULIC From Restitution to Privileged Re-naturalisation: The Expansive Politics of Dual Citizenship in Romania after 1989 125 Felicita MEDVED ‘Unified -
Jus Soli Aversion (134) A
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ DEFINING THE NATION IN RUSSIA’S BUFFER ZONE: THE POLITICS OF BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP IN AZERBAIJAN, MOLDOVA AND GEORGIA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in POLITICS by Maxim Tabachnik December 2017 The Dissertation of Maxim Tabachnik is approved: ________________________________ Professor Roger Schoenman, Chair _________________________________ Professor Ben Read _________________________________ Professor Eleonora Pasotti _________________________________ Professor Matt O’Hara _____________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Maxim Tabachnik 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page (i) Copyright Page (ii) Table of Contents (iii) List of Figures (viii) Abstract (x) Acknowledgements (xii) Introduction: Frozen Conflicts Under The Weight Of History (1) Part I. The Battle between Blood and Territory: Unanswered Questions (8) Chapter 1. Blood, Territory and the Nation: Ethnic/Civic Confusion (9) 1. Modernists and Their Critics (9) A. The Origins of the Nation: Modern or Pre-Modern? (10) B. The Un-Modernist History of Nationalism: Blood v. Territory (14) 2. Theoretical and Conceptual Hurdles (21) A. The Embattled Ethnic/Civic Dichotomy (21) B. An Ethnic/Territorial Solution (25) Chapter 2. Defining the Task at Hand (34) 1. Unanswered Questions (34) A. Citizenship in History: Between Blood and Territory (35) B. Ethnic/Territorial Dichotomy and Comparative Citizenship Studies (46) C. Ethnic/Territorial Identity in Russian, Soviet and Post-Soviet Space (53) a. Ethnic/Territorial Tension in Russian Imperial and Soviet Identity Policy (53) b. Ethnic/Territorial Citizenship Scholarship in Post-Soviet Space (PSS) (62) D. Unconditional Jus Soli: From the New World to the Human Rights Agenda (75) a. -
Eular Knowledge Transfer Programme
EULAR KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER PROGRAMME ROMANIA – CYPRUS ROMANIAN LEAGUE AGANINST RHEUMATISM (LRR) – CYPRUS LEAGUE AGAINST RHEUMATISM (CYPLAR) R E P O R T July / October 2012 Knowledge Transfer Programme is an annual programme developed by EULAR Standing Committee of PARE (European League Against Rheumatism) which provides a defined grant to the educational visits programme. The programme is designed for patient organisations who wish to develop their skills and improve their knowledge by learning from the experience of other organisations in the EULAR network. The steps followed by the Romanian league when applying for Knowledge Transfer Programme: - Romanian League Against Rheumatism tracked down one major lack in its organizational process which is the lack of a volunteerism programme. - The next step was to identify a teaching organization with a strong experience in having ongoing successful volunteer programmes. Having in mind a great presentation on Volunteerism held in 2009 on the occasion of a EULAR Congress, we consulted the Appendix of the Guidelines Knowledge Transfer Programme “The List of Skills and Needs in organisations” and we identified Cyprus League as a potential teaching organisation. - We received a positive answer to our learning request and together with their response letter we sent the Application Form and the forecasted Budget Form (filled in according to the Knowledge Transfer Programme Guidelines) to EULAR secretariat (to Mr. Florian Klett). We found the form, the Guidelines and all other necessary information and documents on EULAR’s website: http://www.eular.org/index.cfm?framePage=/pare_educational_visits.cfm The project was approved and according to the application: . The teaching organisation was CYPRUS LEAGUE AGAINST RHEUMATISM (CYPLAR) .