DOCSLIB.ORG

Ii. Abdullah Han Özelinde Şeybanî Hanliğinda Şehzadelik Kurumu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ii. Abdullah Han Özelinde Şeybanî Hanliğinda Şehzadelik Kurumu Turkish Studies International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/5 Spring 2015, p. 183-200 DOI Number: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies7886 ISSN: 1308-2140, ANKARA-TURKEY II. ABDULLAH HAN ÖZELİNDE ŞEYBANÎ HANLIĞINDA ŞEHZADELİK KURUMU Gülay KARADAĞ ÇINAR** ÖZET Toplumların devlet olma sürecinde güçlü, savaşçı, ileri görüşlü, bilgin kısacası her bakımdan maharetli bir liderin varlığı önemlidir. En eski tarihlerden itibaren Türk devlet anlayışında lider olacak kişiye Tanrı’nın bazı nitelikler bahşettiği ve bu niteliklerin bebeklik çağından itibaren fark edilebildiği inancı hakimdir. Bu nitelikler bireyin yetiştirilme sürecinde eğitimin devreye girmesiyle daha da güçlendirilmektedir. Aynı anlayışın 1500 yılında Maveraünnehir bölgesinde kurulan “Şeybanî Hanlığı” devletinde de hakim olduğunu görmekteyiz. Buradan hareketle mevcut çalışmada devletin Muhammed Şeybanî Han’dan sonra en güçlü lideri olarak kabul edilen II. Abdullah Han’ın nezdinde Şeybanî hanedan üyelerinin çocukluk yılları, eğitim süreci ve yönetici kisvesiyle geleceğe nasıl hazırlandıkları incelenecek ve bu vesileyle 16. yüzyıl Türkistan idarecilerinin liderlik özellikleri tartışılacaktır. Yapılan incelemeler neticesinde doğrudan bu konuyu ele alan herhangi bir çalışmaya tesadüf edilmemiştir. Bu noktada Şeybanî şehzadelerine mahsus makamı tasvirde Şeybanîler ve Astrahanîler devri yerli vakayinamelerden büyük oranda istifade edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda Şeybanîlere çağdaş olup devlet olma sürecinde aynı kaynaklardan beslenen Babür, Osmanlı ve Safevî Devletleri’nin hanedan aile anlayışını ve yönetim sistemini konu alan çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Netice itibariyle hanedan ailenin ortak mülkü olarak görülen Şeybanî Hanlığı’nın bu anlayış çerçevesinde geliştirilmiş bir yönetim sistemine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sistem içerisinde şehzadeler, Şeybanî hanedan ailenin ve yönetici kadronun önemli unsurlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda “Sultan” unvanıyla yönetici kadro içerisinde ikinci sırada yer almakta ve devletin güçlü olduğu dönemlerde merkeze bağlı kalmak suretiyle hâkimiyetindeki coğrafyayı federe bir şekilde yönetmektedirler. Şehzadelerin doğumuyla birlikte elde ettiği bu sorumluluğa ilaveten devletin meşru varisi oldukları da bir gerçektir. Bu makale Crosscheck sistemi tarafından taranmış ve bu sistem sonuçlarına göre orijinal bir makale olduğu tespit edilmiştir. ** Yrd. Doç. Dr. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü, El-mek: [email protected]. 184 Gülay KARADAĞ ÇINAR Yapılan incelemeler neticesinde şehzadelere tahsis edilen bu yetkiler dolayısıyla hanedan mensuplarının, aileye yeni katılan erkek üyeleri en iyi şekilde yetiştirmeği ve yönetim becerisi kazandırmayı hedeflediklerini görmekteyiz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Şeybanî/Ebu’l-Hayr hanedanlığı, Sultan, eğitim, II. Abdullah Han. THE INSTITUTION OF PRINCIPALITY IN THE SHIBANID KHANATE ON THE INSTANCE OF ABDULLAH KHAN II STRUCTURED ABSTRACT It is important that communities have a powerful, warrior and forward-looking leader in the process of becoming state. From the earliest times, in the Turkish statehood understanding there has been a dominating belief that the God grants some qualifications to the future leaders of the society which can be realized since the childhood. We are witnessing that this understanding also dominates in the Shibanid Khanate founded in the Transoxiana, in the year 1500. In this study from this perspective the childhood years and the educations of the members of the Shibanid dynasty, their upbringing will be explained. Upon this qualifications of leaders who administered Turkestan in 16th century will be discussed. All this matters will be stated on the instance of Abdullah Khan II who was claimed as the most powerful leader of khanate after the reign of Muhammad Shibani Khan. In result of researchs it could not be found to any working examined directly this subject. In this study while it is described the principality institution of Shibanid Dynasty was utilized from native chronics of Shibanids and Ashtarkhanids periods. Additionally it used some works that was examined on the dynastic conception and administration systems of Ottoman, Babur and Safavid States that they were fed from the same sources with Shibanid Dynasty. In 1500s of years Shibanid State shaped with the traditions of turk-moghul and the laws of Islam. This information takes part very clearly in Divan of Shibani Khan founding the Shibanid State. Shibani Khan says in his Divan “I am the servant of God. By birth I am from the house of Chingiz”. With these words he has claimed to Islam and Chingis’ heritage. It is seemed that Shibanid state was the collective property of the dynastic family. “Sovereign Partnership” understanding is emerged as sharing of the economic sources or the land in the periods of the most powerful of the state. Political and economic structure of the state was divided among the power focuses in the weak times of central authority. The princes are important elements of the Shibanid dynastic family and the government staff. The Princes with the title of “Sultan” have second lines in administration. They are obedient to central authority and have managed as federative their domination regions when the state was strong. It should not be forgotten that The Princes are both the local administrators and the successors of the Khans. Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/5 Spring 2015 II. Abdullah Han Özelinde Şeybanî Hanlığında Şehzadelik Kurumu 185 In such a case, it is necessary that the princes who have contributed to the Khanate administrative system since they were born, are intelligent and brave. Morever it is obligatory that they have a good quality education and know administrative system closely. Therefore the princes had to learn two knowledges. These are the science (ilm) and the virtue (fazl). According to their education system the best science is the craft. In begining of the the princes’ education life were made a ceremony like was performed in their birth. In these ceremonies were prayed and were presented the gifts to the princes. Then the education continued with calligraphy and training of Kuran. Finally the exercises connected with the art of war were practiced. As a result, a Shibanid Prince was grown up as both a good poet, a skillful writer and a fearless warrior. The circumcision ceremonies started after the education periods of the princes was completed. The Sultans who were circumcised in 14 or 15 years old were accepted that they fulfilled their childhood era. Besides the Princes married at the age of 14 or 15 with permission given by the Sharia (Islamic laws). So the prince who owned a family serviced to his state firstly in the court later in the sanjak (the training ground, the province). Author of Sharafname-yi Shahi, Tanish praised Shibanid ruler Abdullah Khan II and his performance at the ruling. In this wise Tanish actually described the qualities which every king of Shibanid Khanate had to have. According to Tanish, Abdullah Khan II had the extraordinary qualities since his birth. He was preserved from all evil. Morever he gained the necessary knowledge and experience with excellent intelligence which was granted to him by God, in a short time. Abdullah Khan II took the courses from the best scholars of Ubeydullah Khan period at his childhood years. Tanish said that Abdullah Khan II obtained the qualities like “greatness”, “independence” “happiness” “patience” and “power” by means of these course. Consequently it can be said that the prince Abdullah had the multi-directional character thanks to his good upbringing from the aspects of science, religious and military. Shibanid Khanete kept up with efforts of Abdullah Khan when the Khanate faced on some problems inside and outside. For example Abdullah Khan II and Tashkent’s ruler Barak Khan repeatedly struggled because they wanted to seize the city of Bukhara. In foreign affairs belonging of Khorasan property caused to long-term conflicts between Safavid and Uzbek States. Finally the winner became Abdullah Khan as long as the current political conjuncture permitted. Key Words: Dynasty of Shibani /Abu’l-Khair, prince, education, Abdullah Khan II. Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/5 Spring 2015 186 Gülay KARADAĞ ÇINAR Giriş: Şeybanî Hanlığında Şehzadelik Makamı Şeybanî Devleti’nin 1500 yılında Türk-Moğol gelenekleriyle ve İslam dininin kanunlarıyla şekillenen bir yapı olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu bilgi en açık haliyle devletin kurucusu Şeybanî Han’ın Divanı’nda yer almaktadır. Şöyle ki Şeybanî Han “Ben Allah’ın kuluyum, Cengiz’in hanesindenim” (Kılıç, 1997: 59) demek suretiyle İslam’a ve Cengiz mirasına sahip çıkmıştır. Nitekim sahip olduğu bu çeşitlilik noktasında Şeybanî Devleti yalnız değildir. Cengiz Han İmparatorluğu’yla birlikte Asya kıtasında kurulan birçok devlet aynı unsurlardan etkilenmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla Şeybanî hanedan ailenin, yönetimdeki yerini ve yetkilerini anlayabilmek kendisinden önce ve sonra var olan Müslüman Türk ve Moğol devlet sistemini ve lider karakterini yakından tanımakla mümkün olacaktır. Bu gerçekten hareketle Şeybanî hanedanlığının erkek çocuklarını kapsayan ve bu çalışmada II. Abdullah özelinde izah edilmeye çalışılan “Sultan” makamını tasvirde Şeybanîler ve Astrahaniler devri yerli vakayinamelerden yararlanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wegweiser Zur Geschichte: Usbekistan« Ermöglicht Einen ([email protected]) Blick Aus Anderer Perspektive
    Autorinnen und Autoren Mark Aretz, Architekt, Leipzig ([email protected]) Hauptmann Dipl.-Pol. Christian Becker, Ba�eriechef 5./Panzerartillerie- bataillon 215, Augustdorf ([email protected]) Das deutsche Interesse an Usbekistan und damit das Bild dieses Wegweiser zur Geschichte Dr. Falk Bomsdorf, Friedrich-Naumann-Sti�ung, Moskau Landes sind stark beeinflusst durch die Ereignisse in Afghanistan. ([email protected]) Spezielles Augenmerk gilt der Haltung der usbekischen Regie- Dr. Klaus Brinkmann, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenscha�en und Rohstoffe rung gegenüber dem laufenden Einsatz der International Security (BGR), Hannover ([email protected]) Assistance Force (ISAF) und insbesondere zum Betrieb des Stra- Dr. Bernhard Chiari (bc), Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, Potsdam tegischen Lufttransportstützpunktes im usbekischen Termes. ([email protected]) Imke Dierßen M.A., amnesty international, Berlin Der »Wegweiser zur Geschichte: Usbekistan« ermöglicht einen ([email protected]) Blick aus anderer Perspektive. 19 Autoren beschreiben Geschichte Dr. Ma�eo Fumagalli, Institut für Internationale Beziehungen und und Kultur des Landes als Teil Zentralasiens und damit die rei- Europäische Studien, Central European University, Budapest chen und vielfältigen Traditionen eines Kulturkreises, der bis zum (ma�[email protected]) Ende der Sowjetunion für Europäer nur schwer zugänglich war Richard Göbelt M.A., Deutscher Bundestag, Berlin ([email protected]) und nach dem Ende der UdSSR erst langsam in den Blick der Prof. Dr. Ulrike Grote, Institut für Umweltökonomik und Welthandel, europäischen Politik rückte. Usbekistan beansprucht heute eine Universität Hannover ([email protected]) Schlüsselrolle innerhalb Zentralasiens und versteht es geschickt, Dr. Uwe Halbach, Sti�ung Wissenscha� und Politik, Berlin ([email protected]) die teils entgegengesetzten Interessen des in der Region do- Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations of Historical Cities of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan As Objects of the Silk Way
    International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering, 16(1) 147-155 (2020) DOI:10.22337/ -!"##"- INVESTIGATIONS OF HISTORICAL CITIES OF UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN AS OBJECTS OF THE SILK WAY A.Zh. Zhussupbekov 1, F.S. Temirova 2, A.A. Riskulov 3, A.R. Omarov 1 1 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan city, KAZAKHSTAN 2 Karshi Engeneering-Economics Institute, Karshi city, UZBEKISTAN 3 Tashkent Institute of Design, Construction and of Automobile Roads, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN Abstract: Since ancient times, the cities of Uzbekistan and Kazakstan have gained worldwide fame, like pearls scattered along the Great Silk Road, they sparkle under the bright sun. Cities of modern Uzbekistan have existed for thousands of years - Tashkent (2200 years), Termez, Bukhara, Khiva (2500 years), Shakhrisabz and Karshi (2700 years), Samarkand (2750 years), Margilan (2000 years), Almaty (1000 years), Turkestan (2000 years), Chimkent (2200 years) and Taraz (2000 years). In Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, numerous collections, repositories, archives and libraries preserve the richest collections of manuscripts collected over many centuries. And all thanks to its favorable location in a picturesque oasis, almost in the center of the network of roads of the Great Silk Road. Keywords: Central Asia, historical monuments, Hodge Ahmed Yassavi, Arystan-Bab, Palace Ak-Sarai ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ ГОРОДОВ УЗБЕКИСТАНА И КАЗАХСТАНА КАК ОБЪЕКТОВ ШЕЛКОВОГО ПУТИ А.Ж. Жусупбеков 1, Ф.С. Темирова 2, А.А. Рискулов 3, А.Р. Омарова 1 1 Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева, город Нур-Султан, КАЗАХСТАН 2 Каршинский инженерно-экономический институт, г. Карши, УЗБЕКИСТАН 3 Ташкентский институт по проектированию, строительству и эксплуатации автомобильных дорог, Ташкент, УЗБЕКИСТАН Аннотация: С древних времен города Узбекистана и Казахстана приобрели всемирную известность: жемчужины, разбросанные по Великому шелковому пути, сверкают под ярким солнцем.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013-Azetouri-043
    MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN PROJECT No.2013-AZETOURI-043 “CITIES OF COMMON CULTURAL HERITAGE” SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH REPORT PROJECT MANAGER AYDIN ISMIYEV RESEARCHERS DR. FARIZ KHALILLI TARLAN GULIYEV 1 BAKU - 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE “CITIES OF COMMON CULTURAL HERITAGE” PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. TURKEY 1.1. Van 1.2. Ahlat 1.3. Erzurum 1.4. Amasya 2. AZERBAIJAN 2.1. Ganja 2.2. Shamkir 2.3. Gabala 2.4. Shamakhi 2.5. Aghsu 3. KAZAKHSTAN 3.1. Esik 3.2. Tamgali 3.3. Taraz 3.4. Turkistan 3.5. Otrar 4. UZBEKISTAN 4.1. Samarkand 4.3. Shahrisabz 4.4. Termez 4.5. Bukhara 4.6. Khiva CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS ANNEX 1. Accomodation establishments ANNEX 2. Travel agencies ANNEX 3. Tour program 1 ANNEX 4. Tour program 2 ANNEX 5. Template Questionnaire ANNEX 6. Questionnaire results REFERENCES PHOTOS 2 INTRODUCTION Archaeological tourism is a new field within cultural tourism that has developed as a result of people’s interest in the past. Archaeological tourism consists of two main activities: visits to archaeological excavation sites and participation in the studies undertaken there. The target group of archaeological tourism includes intellectuals and various people having an interest in archaeology. Any politician, bank employee, doctor, artist or other professional or working person can now spend their vacation at the archaeological excavation site of which they’ve dreamed. The development of this tourism focus area presents a novel product to the tourism economy and increases innovation in archaeology. Three main paths must be followed in order to successfully offer an archaeological tourism product: research, conservation and promotion.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Science Journal 2013;10(4) 2730
    Life Science Journal 2013;10(4) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Circulation of Money in the Cities of Medieval Kazakhstan (by Numismatic Data) Moldir Aldabergenova *, Shynar Nurmanova, Nazygul Kattabekova Faculty of History and Pedagogy, A. Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 161200, Kazakhstan [email protected] Abstract: This paper studies coins as a numismatic source that allows for a fresh look at the socio-economic history of the medieval cities of Kazakhstan. Classification and periodization of coins (copper and silver) dated from the 15th to the 18th centuries from the cities of the Syr Darya region of Kazakhstan, that is, in the region located on both sides of the Syr Darya River, the largest water source in the south of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The economic and trade relations in the region are discussed, revealing the role of cities and their potential in the local and inter- city trade during the said period. [Moldir Aldabergenova, Shynar Nurmanova, Nazygul Kattabekova. Circulation of Money in the Cities of Medieval Kazakhstan (by Numismatic Data). Life Sci J 2013;10(4):2730-2739]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 365 Key words: Silver coins Copper coins Numismatics of medieval Kazakhstan 1. Introduction types of coins (dinar, dirham and fels) of three different Comprehensive study of the socio-economic metals (gold, silver and copper). In pre-Islamic times, development of southern Kazakhstan in the period the basic monetary unit was a bronze coin with between the 15th and 18th centuries seems impossible depictions. Coins were cast; this technique was without discussing the issue of money circulation and introduced under the influence of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The Russian advance in Central Asia and the British response 1834 - 1884. Tealakh, Gali Oda How to cite: Tealakh, Gali Oda (1991) The Russian advance in Central Asia and the British response 1834 - 1884., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1516/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Abstract THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE BRITISH RESPONSE 1834 - 1885 by Gali Oda Tealakh Supervisor Dr. David W. Sweet This thesis is a study of Russia's expansion at the expense of the Khanates of Central Asia in the nineteenth century, beginning with the early exploratory missions of the 1 830s and 1 840s, continuing with the conquest of Kokand and Bukhara in the 1860s, the subjection of Khiva in 1873, and concluding with the fall of Mery in 1884.
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Relations Between Bukhara and Yarkend Khanates in the 16 - Earlier 17 Centuries
    Trade relations between Bukhara and Yarkend Khanates in the 16 - earlier 17 centuries G. Sultonova The 16 – earlier 17 centuries in the history of the Central Asia are notable for active ethno- demographic processes, confrontation between the two major trends of Islam and changes in ancient international trade routes. The factors above account for researchers’ interest in the reviewed period and cause lively discussions. In particular, one of the key and debatable questions is the history of relations between Central Asian states in the 16 – earlier 17 centuries. Two approaches are presently applied in scientific-research literature to examine the issue. Thus, researchers N.Steensgaard, S.Adshead, M.Rossabi, F.Wood, M. Haidar1 take the view that in the period under consideration inter- state relations of the Central Asia were in crisis. Another group of historians – O. Chekhovich, R.Mukminova, G.Nizametdinov, S.Levi, M. Alam, J.Gommans, S.Dale2 refrain from using a definition “crisis” as to the reviewed period and, instead, define it as a stage of significant events in the history of the region. Note the author shares the last point of view.3 Most regress adherents of the Central Asian region tend to associate the phenomenon with the discovery of new sea routes that connected Europe and Asia. Quoting a report of Anthony Jenkinson who visited Bukhara in 1558,4 as well as materials of local historical annals, another group of researchers, among other reasons, referred to the destabilization of political life during the later Middle Ages that led to the weakening of trade-economic relations in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Beginnings to AD 2000: a Comprehensive Chronology of Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran
    The Beginnings Beginnings to AD 2000: A Comprehensive Chronology of Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran by Iraj Bashiri copyright 2001 The Beginnings Ancient beliefs in the region divide humanity's passage on earth into three cosmic, myhtic, and historical periods. Of the three, of course, only the third or the historical period is real. The other two have cosmological and mytheological values that enhance our understanding of the present-day peoples of the region. One day elemnets of the mythic period might prove to be real but for that we need more solid documentation than is available at the present. For the purposes of this comprehensive chronology of the region, the cosmic and mythic periods are presented in the sequential order preserved in ancient chronologies. No attempt is made at correlating those eras in any form with historical or real time. The Cosmic and Mythic Eras The initial 3000-year battle between the forces of Ahura Mazda (Good) and Angra Mainyu (Evil) leads to the defeat of the latter. The second cycle of 3000 years begins with Ahura Mazda's creation of the cosmic world, i.e., the creation of the sky, water, earth, plants, the sacred white bull, and the cosmic man (Gayomart). Truth, symbolized as fire, permeates Ahura Mazda's kingdom. file:///Volumes/BASHIRISCOM/CHRON/CosMyth.html (1 of 6)10/2/08 1:00 PM The Beginnings Creation continues with Ahura Mazda's creation of the Amesha Spentas or Holy Immortals. As Vice-Regents, the immortals serve as "governors" or administrators of the various realms of Ahura Mazda's Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Styles of Mosques in China: Analysis and Comments 17 Feng Jinyuan
    Islam Michael Dillon, Yijiu JIN and Wai Yip Ho - 978-90-47-42800-8 Downloaded from Brill.com04/30/2019 07:11:37AM via Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI Religious Studies in Contemporary China Collection International Advisor Michael Dillon, Leeds University VOLUME 6 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/rscc Michael Dillon, Yijiu JIN and Wai Yip Ho - 978-90-47-42800-8 Downloaded from Brill.com04/30/2019 07:11:37AM via Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI Islam Edited by Jin Yijiu Translated by Chan Ching-shing Alex Edited by Ho Wai Yip (English Edition) LEIDEN | BOSTON Michael Dillon, Yijiu JIN and Wai Yip Ho - 978-90-47-42800-8 Downloaded from Brill.com04/30/2019 07:11:37AM via Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI This book is the result of a co-publication agreement between The Ethnic Publishing House and Koninklijke Brill NV. These chapters were translated into English from the original《当代中国宗教研究 精选丛书：伊斯兰教卷》(Dangdai zhongguo zongjiao yanjiu jingxuan congshu: Yisilanjiao juan) with financial support from China Book International. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jin, Yijiu, 1933– editor. | Ho, Wai-Yip, editor. | Chan, Alex Ching-shing, 1966– translator. Title: Islam / edited by Jin Yijiu ; translation edited by Ho Wai Yip ; translated by Alex Chan Ching-shing. Other titles: Dang dai Zhongguo zong jiao yan jiu jing xuan cong shu. Yisilan jiao juan. English Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2017] | Series: Religious studies in contemporary China collection ; V. 6 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016042753 (print) | LCCN 2016042995 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004174542 (hardback : alk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silk Road Volume 10 2012 Contents Dedication
    ISSN 2152-7237 (print) ISSN 2153-2060 (online) The Silk Road Volume 10 2012 Contents Dedication ................................................................................................................................................. [iii] The Image of the Wheeled Vehicle in the Mongolian Altai: Instability and Ambiguity, by Esther Jacobson-Tepfer .......................................................................................................... 1 Vehicles of the Steppe Elite: Chariots and Carts in Xiongnu Tombs, by Bryan K. Miller ................................................................................................................. 29 Yuezhi on Bactrian Embroidery from Textiles Found at Noyon uul, Mongolia, by Sergey A. Yatsenko ................................................................................................................ 39 Production Sites in Karakorum and Its Environment: A New Archaeological Project in the Orkhon Valley, Mongolia, by Ernst Pohl, Lkhagvadorj Mönkhbayar, Birte Ahrens et al. ......................................... 49 Preliminary Report on the Ceramics of Chinese Origin Found East of the Old Mongolian Capital Karakorum, by Anne Heussner .................................................................................................................... 66 Bactrian Historical Inscriptions of the Kushan Period, by Nicholas Sims-Williams ...................................................................................................... 76 The Bibi Khanum Mosque in Samarqand:
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Higher and Special Secondary Education Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages Chair of Translation Theory and Practice
    MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SPECIAL SECONDARY EDUCATION SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES CHAIR OF TRANSLATION THEORY AND PRACTICE TEXTS OF LECTURES on subject Translation of historical monuments of Uzbekistan (O`zbekiston tarixiy obidalari) Samarkand 2014 1 O`zbekiston respublikasi oily va o`rta maxsus ta`lim vazirligi Samarqand davlat chet itllar instituti Tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyoti kafedrasi O`zbekiston tarixiy obidalari fanidan MA`RUZALAR MATNI Ushbu ma`ruzalar matni Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti ilmiy kengashining 2014 yil 27-avgustdagi 1-son qarori bilan tasdiqlandi hamda ingliz tilida o`tishga ruxsat berildi Tuzuvchi: Tarjima nazariyasi va amaliyoti kafedrasi katta o`qituvchisi, f.f.nN. Yo. Turdieva Taqrizchi: SamDChTI Ingliz tili leksikasi va stilistikasi kafedrasi katta o`qituvchisi, f.f.n. Ro`ziqulov F. Sh. Samarqand 2014 2 Bibliography 1. «UzbеkistоnMilliyentsiklоpеdiyasi» РеспубликаУзбекистан. Энциклопедический справочник. Tоshkеnt 2001. 448 b. 2. MustаqilUzbеkistоn. IndependentUzbekiston.TоshkеntIslоmUnivеrsitеti. 2006. 296 b. 3. UzbеkistоnRеspublikаsiEntsiklоpеdiyasi. Tоshkеnt. 1997. «Qоmuslаr Bоshtахririyati» 4. Sаmаrkаnd аsrlаr chоrrахаsidа. «Samarkand at the crossroads of the centuries» T. 2001 5. Tеmurning mе’mоriy mеrоsi. Puхаchеnkоvа G. А. 1996. Tоshkеnt. 128 b. 6. SuvоnqulоvI. Sаmаrkаnd qаdаmjоlаri. Sаmаrkаnd 2003.88 bеt. 7. Хоdjаеvа S. Sаgdiеvа Z. YusupоvR. ZаrgаrоvаM. “Uzbekistan at the doorstep of the third 8. Millennium.”1998. 350 bеt. 9. Ахmеdоv E. Sаydаminоvа Z. UzbеkistоnRеspublikаsi Republic of Uzbekistan» qisqаchа 10. mа’lumоtnоmа. Tоsh. «Uzbеkistоn», 1998 y 400 b. 11. СаломовГ. ТилваТаржима. - Ташкент, 1966. - 220 б. 12. Саломов Г. Таржима назарияси асослари. - Ташкент, 1970. - 196 б. 13. BеgаliеvN. B. Sаmаrqаnd tоpоnimiyasi. Sаmаrkаnd 2010. SаmDCHTI nаshr mаtbаа mаrkаzi. 128 bеt. 14. www.goldenpages.uz/en/search/%FType.. 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract the RUSSIAN ADVANCE in CENTRAL ASIA and the BRITISH RESPONSE 1834 - 1885 by Gali Oda Tealakh Supervisor Dr
    Abstract THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE BRITISH RESPONSE 1834 - 1885 by Gali Oda Tealakh Supervisor Dr. David W. Sweet This thesis is a study of Russia's expansion at the expense of the Khanates of Central Asia in the nineteenth century, beginning with the early exploratory missions of the 1 830s and 1 840s, continuing with the conquest of Kokand and Bukhara in the 1860s, the subjection of Khiva in 1873, and concluding with the fall of Mery in 1884. The threat to British interests represented by this expansion is examined, including a study of Russian projects for the invasion of India, and the failure of the British to react more decisively than they did is explained: only when the Russian advance threatened the continuation of Afghanistan as a buffer state did the British exert their influence to halt the Russian advance. The motives and procedures of Russia's expansion in the region are examined, specifically through the case history of the construction of the Central Asian railroad, and more generally in the policy of Russification upon which the Russians embarked even before their conquest was complete. An examination of the interaction of economic, political and military motives underlying the Russian expansion leads to the conclusion that, although its long-term economic, social, and cultural consequences for Central Asia were enormous, the more immediate logic purpose of the Russian conquests was military, administrative, and political. THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE BRITISH RESPONSE 1834 - 1884 By Gall Oda Tealakh The copyright of this thesis rests with the author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bibi Khanum Mosque in Samarqand: Its Mongol and Timurid Architecture
    The BiBi Khanum mosque in samarqand: iTs mongol and Timurid archiTecTure Elena Paskaleva Leiden University Institute for Area Studies (LIAS) International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS) Leiden, the Netherlands he great imperial ruler Timur1 (r. 1370–1405), Timur’s rule, and the Spanish ambassador to Timur’s T one of the few mortals to give their name to an court, Ruy González de Clavijo, provide contemporary architectural style, embodies the epitome of Eurasian evidence in favor of this hypothesis. identity. Through political and military activity Timur According to Ibn Arabshah (1936, p. 223) the mosque created a vast empire that extended from India to was left in ruins after Timur tried to increase the Anatolia in the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries. He height of the main entrance: chose Samarqand, “the city of domes” and important trading hub along the Silk Road, as his capital. […] nor could Timur exert himself for its destruction and rebuilding afterwards or The Bibi Khanum Congregational Mosque (1398– complete anew its fabric once dissolved, and so 1405) in Samarqand was conceived as the most he left it shattered and kept its mass, as it was, significant architectural expression of Timur’s rule. weak and broken ; but he ordered his courtiers The mosque was the most ambitious building project and servants to assemble in it and be present initiated during his lifetime and can be visited today in at the Friday prayers, and it remained in this a twentieth-century restoration (Fig. 1). It is very likely condition while he lived and after his death. Further, Clavijo (1928, pp.
    [Show full text]