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Host Plant Resistance and Variety Development HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AND VARIETY DEVELOPMENT Chairperson: Peter Ruckenauer Host Plant Resistance and Variety Development QTL ANALYSIS OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT IN BARLEY USING THE CHINESE LINE ZHEDAR 2 H.A. Agrama1*, L.S. Dahleen2, R.D. Horsley3, B.J. Steffenson4, P.B. Schwarz5, A. Mesfin3 and J.D. Franckowiak3 1Dept of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; 2ARS-USDA, NCSL, Fargo, ND, USA; 3Dept of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; 4Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; and 5Dept. of Cereal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA *Corresponding Author: PH: (701) 239-1345; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fusarium head blight (FHB) in barley and wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum is a continual problem worldwide. Primarily, FHB reduces yield and quality and produces the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which can affect food safety. Locating QTLs for FHB severity, DON level and related traits heading date (HD) and plant height (HT) with consistent effects across a set of environments would increase the efficiency of selection for resistance. A population of seventy-five double haploid lines, developed from the three way cross Zhedar 2/ND9712//Foster, was used for genome mapping and FHB evaluation. Phenotypic data were collected in replicated field trails from five environments in two growing seasons. A linkage map of 214 RFLP, SSR and AFLP markers was constructed. The data were analyzed using MQTL software to detect QTL x environment interaction. Because of the presence of QTL x E, the MQM in MAPQTL was applied to identify QTLs in single environments. MQM mapping identified nine QTLs for FHB severity and five for low DON. Only three of these QTLs were consistent across environments. Five QTLs were associated with HD and two with HT. Regions that appear to be promising candidates for MAS and further genetic analysis including the two FHB QTLs on chromosome 2H and one on 6H which also were associated with low DON and later heading date in multiple environments. This study provides a starting point for manipulating Zhedar 2-derived resistance by MAS in barley to develop varieties that will show effective resistance under disease pressure. 9 Host Plant Resistance and Variety Development HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPPING OF TWO FHB RESISTANCE QTL REGIONS: QFHS.NDSU-3BS AND QFHS.IFA-5A N. Angerer, M. Schmolke, U. Scholz, M. Lemmens, P. Ruckenbauer and H. Buerstmayr * BOKU- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department for Agrobiotechnology Tulln, Institute of Plant Production Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria *Corresponding Author: PH: (43) 2272 66280 205; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Two large populations, segregating for either Qfhs.ndsu-3BS or Qfhs.ifa-5A were generated from single crosses or back-crosses of CM-82036 derived lines (resistant) by Remus (susceptible). SSD lines in the F4 or BC1F3 generation were genotyped using flanking SSR markers for Qfhs.ndsu-3BS (Gwm1034, Gwm493) or Qfhs.ifa- 5A (Gwm293, Gwm156). Recombinant lines were selected and advanced for two more generations by SSD. F6 or BC1F5 plants were genotyped again using SSRs for Qfhs.ndsu-3BS (Barc75, Gwm389, Gwm1034, Gwm533, Barc133, Barc147, Gwm493, Barc102) or Qfhs.ifa-5A (Barc186, Gwm1057, Barc56, Gwm304, Barc117, Gwm293, Gwm129, Barc1, Barc180, Barc40, Barc100, Gwm156, Barc141). Marker data were used for linkage map construction and QTL mapping. Seed harvested from the same plants was used for sowing a field experiment to evaluate FHB severity in 2004. The 174 recombinant lines of the population segregating at Qfhs.ndsu-3BS were single-spikelet inoculated, the 180 lines of the population segregating for Qfhs.ifa-5A were spray inoculated. The obtained linkage map at Qfhs.ndsu-3BS spanned about 25 cM. Based on the preliminary resistance data, the QTL could be placed in the interval Xbarc133-Xbarc147-Xgwm493, spanning about 7 cM, which is in agreement with other reports. The linkage map around Qfhs.ifa-5A showed suppressed recombination, and several markers were tightly linked. In order to compare genetic and physical maps for this region cytogenetic stocks were used, especially Chinese Spring deletion lines (Endo & Gill 1996). Our preliminary data indicate that the most likely position of Qfhs.ifa-5A is on the short arm of chromosome 5A in a region with suppressed recombination. We will repeat resistance testing in 2005 and plan to apply more molecular markers for genotyping, in order to refine the QTL maps. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank BS Gill and the colleagues at the Wheat Genetics Resources Center at Kansas State University for supplying seed of the Chinese Spring deletion lines. This work was supported by the European Union funded research project ‘Novel tools for developing Fusarium-resistant and toxin-free wheat for Europe’, contract number QLRT-2001-02044. REFERENCES Endo TR, Gill BS (1996) The deletion stocks of common wheat. J. Heredity 87, 295-307. 10 Host Plant Resistance and Variety Development GENOTYPE-DEPENDENT ACCUMULATION OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM TRANSCRIPTS IN RESPONSE TO DEOXYNIVALENOL Khairul Ansari, Damian Egan and Fiona Doohan* Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions Group, Department of Environmental Resource Management, Agriculture and Food Science Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland *Corresponding Author: PH: 353-1-7167743; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by cereal-pathogenic Fusaria and evidence suggests that it acts as a phytotoxic disease virulence factor aiding host pathogenesis. The effect of DON (20 ppm) on gene expression in roots of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease resistant (Frontana and CM 82036) and susceptible (Remus and Riband) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars was determined (24-h post-treat- ment). Despite inhibition of protein synthesis being the mode of action of this toxin, at least 70 transcripts were overexpressed in the wheat roots of different cultivars in response to DON. We assessed the effect, over time, of DON and Fusarium avenaceum culture filtrate on the production of specific transcripts including transla- tion elongation factor 1a (EF-1a), adenosine kinase (ADK), retrotransposon-like homologs and genes of unknown function. We describe the genotype and treatment-specificity of transcript accumulation over time and consider the potential implications on the host cell response to trichothecenes and trichothecene-produc- ing Fusaria. 11 Host Plant Resistance and Variety Development INVESTIGATING FHB QTL ASSOCIATED WITH THE VRS1 (ROW-TYPE) LOCUS ON CHROMOSOME 2(2H) OF HORDEUM VULGARE S.D. Baluch1, K.P. Smith1*, G.J. Muehlbauer1, D.A. Somers1 and B.J. Steffenson1 1Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA *Corresponding Author: PH: 612-624-1211; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Two-rowed barley cultivars generally are more resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection than six- rowed cultivars. Several studies have found quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance associated with the Vrs1 or row-type locus. However, none of these studies has conclusively determined whether this resis- tance is due to a QTL that is tightly linked to the Vrs1 locus or a pleiotropic effect of the Vrs1 locus itself. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between Vrs1 and FHB resistance to assess the potential for incorporating the FHB resistance QTL into a six-rowed breeding program. A population derived from a cross between Frederickson, a FHB resistant two-rowed cultivar, and Stander a FHB susceptible six-rowed cultivar, was developed by Mesfin et al. (2003), to map FHB resistance QTL. We identified a single plant at the F4:6 stage that was heterozygous at the Vrs1 locus and two other loci toward the telomere. After selfing this line, a homozygous two-rowed plant and a homozygous six-rowed plant were selected to be used as parents for a fine mapping population. A total of 2406 F2 individuals from a cross between these parents were screened to identify 398 individuals showing recombination within the region of interest. A subset of 125 of these recombinant individuals was selfed to the F3 generation, and used to create the fine map using JoinMap 3.0. The fine map consists of four molecular and the Vrs1 morphological marker. This population was evaluated as F3:5 lines in an unbalanced randomized design for FHB severity in two locations during the sum- mer of 2004. We conducted simple interval mapping using PLABQTL and detected a single broad LOD peak in both environments. In St. Paul the LOD peak was centered at 0.5 cM distal to Vrs1 with a LOD score of 8.87 and an R2 of 30.1. In Crookston the LOD peak was centered 0.3 cM distal Vrs1 with a LOD score of 10.7 and an R2 of 35.2. A 1 LOD drop-off confidence interval for the position of the QTL includes Vrs1; therefore we cannot conclusively answer the question of pleiotropy vs. linkage. Currently, the population is awaiting analysis in China, and a second year of data with more replications in St. Paul and Crookston. New recombinant individuals with highly informative genotypes are currently under development to more accurately dissect this problem. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-120. This is a cooperative project with the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 12 Host Plant Resistance and Variety Development PEDIGREE ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE WHEAT IMPROVED LINES FOR FHB RESISTANCE USING SSR MARKERS T. Ban1,2*, A.Yanagisawa3, Z. Nishio4, D.H.
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