Molecular Marker Analysis of Leymus Flavescens and Chromosome Pairing in Leymus Flavescens Hybrids (Poaceae: Triticeae)1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Molecular Marker Analysis of Leymus Flavescens and Chromosome Pairing in Leymus Flavescens Hybrids (Poaceae: Triticeae)1 Int. J. Plant Sci. 160(2):371±376. 1999. Copyright is not claimed for this article. MOLECULAR MARKER ANALYSIS OF LEYMUS FLAVESCENS AND CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN LEYMUS FLAVESCENS HYBRIDS (POACEAE: TRITICEAE)1 D. J. Hole,2,* K. B. Jensen,² R. R.-C. Wang,² and S. M. Clawson* *Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4820, U.S.A.; and ²USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-6300, U.S.A. Leymus ¯avescens (Scribner & Smith) Pilger, yellow wild rye, is a long-lived, strongly rhizomatous, tetraploid (2n54x528) perennial grass of the tribe Triticeae distributed throughout central Washington, eastern Oregon, and the Snake River plains of Idaho. Our objectives were (1) to describe chromosome pairing and fertility in 5 5 F1 hybrids between L. ¯avescens and North American tetraploids (2n 4x 28) L. triticoides and L. cinereus and Eurasian tetraploids L. secalinus, L. racemosus, and L. alaicus subsp. karataviensis and (2) to utilize genome-speci®c random ampli®ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to verify the genomic composition of L. ¯avescens. The hybrids L. ¯avescens # L. triticoides (NsNsXmXm), L. ¯avescens # L. secalinus (Ns- NsXmXm), L. ¯avescens # L. racemosus (NsNsXmXm), L. ¯avescens # L. cinereus (NsNsXmXm), and L. ¯avescens # L. alaicus subsp. karataviensis (NsNsXmXm) averaged 13.9, 13.8, 13.6, 13.1, and 11.9 bivalents per cell, respectively. Genome-speci®c RAPD assay indicates that L. ¯avescens has the Ns genome but lacks the St genome from the genus Pseudoroegneria and the H genome from the genus Hordeum. On the basis of the bivalent chromosome pairing frequency in the F1 hybrids of L. ¯avescens, the genomic formula of L. ¯avescens is NsNsXmXm. The presence of the Ns genome was veri®ed by molecular characterization. Keywords: Leymus, genome, meiosis, chromosome pairing, interspeci®c hybrids, taxonomy, systematics. Introduction Sections Leymus and Anisopyrum comprise both North Amer- ican and Eurasian taxa. The genus Leymus Hochst. is a relatively old genus erected Species of the genus Leymus are long-lived perennials that by Hochstetter in 1848 only for L. arenarius (L.) Hochst. How- are distributed from the coastal regions of the North Sea (L. ever, Pilger (1947), Tzvelev (1976), Melderis et al. (1980), arenarius) across central Asia (L. angustusÐAltai wild rye) to Barkworth et al. (1983), and Gleason and Cronquist (1991) East Asia (L. chinensis), Alaska (L. mollis), and western North recognized the genus. On the basis of the treatments of Tzvelev America (L. cinereus A .LoÈ veÐGreat Basin wild rye, and L. (1976) and LoÈ ve (1984), Leymus is subdivided into four sec- triticoidesÐbeardless wild rye). Leymus species are character- tions: (1) sect. Leymus Hochst., which is represented by the ized by multiple spikelets per node and are for the most part North American L. mollis (Trin.) Pilger, L. arenarius (L.) rhizomatous (except L. cinereus), long anthered, and variable Hochst., and Eurasian L. racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev (5Elymus in their degree of self-pollination (Jensen et al. 1990). On the giganteus Vahl.); (2) sect. Aphanoneuron (Nevski) Tzvelev, basis of variation in repeated nucleotide sequences, Dubcovsky which is restricted to Eurasian species typi®ed by L. angustus et al. (1997) reported similar banding patterns for South Amer- (Trin.) Pilger, L. secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev, and L. alaicus ican Elymus erianthus Phil., and Elymus mendocinus (Parodi) 5 (Korsh.) Tzvelev subsp. karataviensis (Roshev.) Tzvelev ( Ely- A .LoÈ ve and tetraploid Leymus taxa, indicating that the dis- mus karatviensis Roshev.); (3) sect. Anisopyrum (Griseb.) tribution of Leymus taxa may extend into South America. Tzvelev, which is characterized by North American L. ¯aves- Leymus is a polyploid genus that consists of approximately cens (Scribner and Smith) Pilger, L. ambiguus (Vasey and Scrib- 30 species worldwide, all of which had previously been treated  ner) D. Dewey, L. salinus (M. E. Jones) A.LoÈ ve, L. triticoides in the genus Elymus L. (Dewey 1984). More than half of the  (Buckl.) Pilger, L. condenstatus (K. Presl.) A.LoÈ ve, and Eur- Leymus species are allotetraploids (2n528). The higher poly- asian L. chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev, L. ramosus (Trin.) Tzvelev, ploid species (2n542284) are complex autoallopolyploids. and L. multicaulis (Kar. and Kir.) Tzvelev; and (4) sect. Ma- Multivalents are seen at metaphase I in octaploid L. cinereus lacurus (Nevski) Tzvelev, which is a monotypic section com- and dodecaploid L. angustus (Dewey 1972a), but their fre- prising Eurasian L. lanatus (Korsh.) Tzvelev. Sections Aphan- quency is much less than expected from true autoalloploids, oneuron and Malacurus are restricted to Eurasian species. indicating that gene(s) promoting bivalent pairing appear to be operating (Dewey 1984). 1 Cooperative investigations of the USDA-ARS and the Utah Agri- The genomic constitution of the genus Leymus has tradi- cultural Experiment Station Project 328, Logan, Utah 84322, U.S.A. tionally been based on the Ns genome from Psathyrostachys Approved journal paper 7054. Nevski and the J genome from Thinopyrum A .LoÈ ve (Dewey 2 Author for correspondence and reprints; e-mail dhole@ 1984). However, recent cytogenetic and molecular data (Zhang mendel.usu.edu. and Dvorak 1991; Wang and Jensen 1994) demonstrate the Manuscript received June 1998; revised manuscript received November 1998. absence of the J genome from Thinopyrum in Leymus taxa. 371 This content downloaded from 129.123.124.236 on Wed, 12 Mar 2014 18:05:09 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 372 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES Table 1 Plant Materials Used in Crosses Species 2n Genome Accession number Collection origin Leymus ¯avescens ...... 28 Unknown Harris Idaho, U.S.A. L. triticoides ............ 28 NsNsXmXm Dewey E-7-6 Oregon, U.S.A. L. secalinus ............. 28 NsNsXmXm PI210988 Afghanistan L. racemosus ........... 28 NsNsXmXm Jaaska USSR L. cinereus .............. 28 NsNsXmXm J. A. Young Nevada, U.S.A. L. alaicus subsp. karataviensis ......... 28 NsNsXmXm PI314671 USSR On the basis of repeated nucleotide sequence identity between ships between L. ¯avescens and the North American Leymus species and diagnostic hybrid intensities in Southern blots, tetraploid species L. triticoides and L. cinereus. Information Zhang and Dvorak (1991) suggested that Leymus polyploids is also lacking on genomic relationships between L. ¯avescens originated from hybridization of two unidenti®ed Psathyros- and its Eurasian counterparts, L. secalinus, L. racemosus, and tachys species. On the basis of these ®ndings, the genomic L. alaicus subsp. karataviensis. Leymus ¯avescens can be dis- formula for tetraploid Leymus species would be NsiNsiNsjNsj, tinguished morphologically from its close North American rel- where i and j represent modi®ed versions of the Ns genome atives on the basis of its lemmas that are hirsute to densely within the Psathyrostachys genus. On the basis of the low villous with long yellow-whitish hairs. Leymus triticoides, L. frequency of trivalents (0.15±0.40) in eight triploid hybrids cinereus, L. salinus, L. simplex, and L. ambiguus are char- between diploid Psathyrostachys and tetraploid Leymus spe- acterized by glabrous to sparsely strigose lemmas (Holmgren cies (Dewey 1970a, 1972c, 1976; Wang and Hsiao 1984), and Holmgren 1977). The objectives of this study are to de- chromosome pairing does not support the segmental auto- scribe chromosome pairing and fertility in F1 hybrids between tetraploid nature of Leymus tetraploid taxa as proposed by L. ¯avescens and North American tetraploids L. triticoides and Zhang and Dvorak (1991). On the basis of chromosome pair- L. cinereus and Eurasian tetraploids, L. secalinus, L. race- ing data, Wang et al. (1994) proposed that the second genome mosus, and L. alaicus subsp. karataviensis, and to utilize within tetraploid Leymus species be designated Xm, thus giv- genome-speci®c random ampli®ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ing Leymus the genomic formula of NsNsXmXm, where Xm markers to understand better the genomic composition of L. is an unidenti®ed genome. However, the actual genomic ¯avescens. makeup of Leymus is still very much in question and open for further investigation. Material and Methods Leymus ¯avescens, yellow wild rye, is a long-lived, strongly rhizomatous, tetraploid (2n54x528) perennial grass of the tribe Triticeae distributed throughout central Washington, Leymus ¯avescens (collection A-6484) was collected from eastern Oregon, and the Snake River plains of Idaho, with sand dunes in the Shelley-Blackfoot region of Idaho by Douglas isolated populations in the black hills of South Dakota (Holm- R. Dewey in the early 1970s. The target and analyzer species gren and Holmgren 1977). The original description of L. ¯a- used are listed in table 1, including their accession and chro- vescens, described as Elymus ¯avescens, was made on the basis mosome numbers, genome designations, and origins. Leymus of material collected on dry sandy soils near Columbus, Klick- cinereus and L. triticoides are North American tetraploids with itat County, Washington, in 1886 (Holmgren and Holmgren the Ns and Xm genomes, the Ns genome originating from the 1977). It was transferred to the genus Leymus in 1947 by genus Psathyrostachys and the Xm from an unidenti®ed dip- Pilger (Homlgren and Holmgren 1977). loid (Dewey 1976; Wang and Jensen 1994). Leymus race- Little is known about the cytogenetic and genomic relation- mosus, L. secalinus, and
Recommended publications
  • Revegetation Strategies for Rangelands
    Revegetation Strategies for Rangelands Russellagri.nv.gov Wilhelm, Seed Program Manager January 7, 2021 About the Presenter • Russ Wilhelm • Seed Program Manager at Nevada Dept. of Agriculture – Since January 2015 • Graduate from University of Nevada, Reno • Been working intensively with native seed in NV for past 4 years agri.nv.gov Synopsis of Presentation Martin Fire, 2018 – High Country News 440,000 acres burnt Restoration of rangelands throughout the intermountain West has been an excitedly discussed topic for centuries. New strategies are on the rise throughout the West that will help promote rangeland health and longevity, while assisting to suppress wildfire intensity and decrease frequency. Martin Reseeding - USFWS Photo taken by SKulpa Several revegetation methods and new reseeding technologies will be investigated and the use of locally adapted, genetically appropriate, seed will be the focal point. agri.nv.gov Primary Reasons for Rangeland Restoration Wildfire Mining reclamation rehabilitation Preventing spread Erosion control of invasive species Preserving wildlife Many, many more… habitat agri.nv.gov Common Restoration Methods Revegetation Grazing Management The use of plant propagules Controlling grazing habits of livestock or game to decrease (seed), native or non-native, the level of disturbance to a to reintroduce desirable landscape. species to a disturbed site. Ex. Implementing stockmanship Ex. Designing an herbicide protected principles to effectively rotate livestock seed mix, to re-apply to a burn site. across allotments. Invasive Species Inventory & Monitoring Management Assessing the conditions of an Preventing the introduction or area to determine the needs spread of undesirable species and strategize on control to a vulnerable site. methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Transferring of the Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) Character from Leymus Racemosus to Wheat
    Transferring of the biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) character from Leymus racemosus to wheat Kishii M1, Ban T2, Subbarao GV3, Ortiz-Monasterio I1 1CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico, 2Kihara biology Institute Yokohama City University Maiokacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244- 0813 Japan, 3Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0035, Japan ABSTRACT MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a character that may result in a reduction of emissions of nitrous Plant materials oxide (N O), a green house gas that has more than 300 2 Two varieties of bread wheat, Chinese Spring (CS) and times the warming power of CO as well as other forms 2, Nobeokabouzu, were used for the study. One accession of N which are lost to the environment. The BNI of Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev was collected character has not been found in the three major crops; along the Black Sea coast (accession number HT15405) wheat, rice and maize. However, Leymus racemosus, and has maintained as clones. The L. racemosus alien species of wheat, has shown high BNI capacity. chromosome addition or substitution lines were One of L. racemosus chromosome addition lines of produced in Tottori University, Japan (Kishii et al. 2004) wheat, Lr#n chromosome addition line, expressed about or provided from the Wheat Genetic and Genomic 80% of BNI character of L. racemosus, showing that Resources Center (WGGRC), Kansas State University BNI can be transferred into a wheat background. Two (Qi et al. 1998). Chinese Spring monosomic 3B, 5B, other addition lines showed higher levels of BNI than and 7B lines (2n=41) and ph1b line have been the parental wheat line.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny in Hystrix (Poaceae, Triticeae) and Related Genera Inferred from Giemsa C-Banded Karyotypes
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 32, 3, 521-527 (2009) Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article Genetic diversity and phylogeny in Hystrix (Poaceae, Triticeae) and related genera inferred from Giemsa C-banded karyotypes Hai-Qin Zhang1,2, Rui-Wu Yang3, Li Zhang3, Chun-Bang Ding3, Jian Zeng1 and Yong-Hong Zhou1,2 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. 2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. 3College of Biology and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China. Abstract The phylogenetic relationships of 15 taxa from Hystrix and the related genera Leymus (NsXm), Elymus (StH), Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), Psathyrostachys (Ns), and Thinopyrum (E) were examined by using the Giemsa C-banded karyotype. The Hy. patula C-banding pattern was similar to those of Elymus species, whereas C-banding patterns of the other Hystrix species were similar to those of Leymus species. The results suggest high genetic diversity within Hystrix, and support treating Hy. patula as E. hystrix L., and transferring Hy. coreana, Hy. duthiei ssp. duthiei and Hy. duthiei ssp. longearistata to the genus Leymus. On comparing C-banding patterns of Elymus species with their diploid ancestors (Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum), there are indications that certain chro- mosomal re-arrangements had previously occurred in the St and H genomes. Furthermore, a comparison of the C-banding patterns of the Hystrix and Leymus species with the potential diploid progenitors (Psathyrostachys and Thinopyrum) suggests that Hy. coreana and some Leymus species are closely related to the Ns genome of Psathyrostachys, whereas Hy.
    [Show full text]
  • Elytrigia and Elymus (Agropyron)
    Plant Crib ELYTRIGIA AND ELYMUS (AGROPYRON) 1. General There are number of problems which can cause confusion in these genera, though the species are themselves usually quite distinct. i) Changes in nomenclature. The current names and recent synonymy are as follows: Elymus caninus (L.) L. (Agropyron caninum) Elytrigia atherica (Link) Kerguélen ex Carreras Mart. (Elymus pycnanthus; Agropyron pungens) Elytrigia juncea (L.) Nevski (Elymus farctus; Agropyron junciforme) Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski (Elymus repens; Agropyron repens) Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. (Elymus arenarius) ii) Plants with awns. Plants of Elytrigia repens with awns are quite common and tend to be recorded as Elymus caninus by the unwary (when the florets of the latter drop or are pulled off, the two glumes stay attached to the stem, but come off with the floret in Elytrigia repens). Elytrigia atherica may also have awns. iii) Both Elytrigia repens and E. atherica may grow on saltmarshes and adjacent banks, especially in the north, and are frequently confused by the unwary if it is assumed only the latter occurs on saltmarshes. iv) Hybrids may be locally frequent near the coast (e.g. E. ´ drucei seems to be much more common in Cumbria than E. atherica, which may not occur at all; Halliday 1997). When the jizz of the parents is known, hybrids can be picked out as intermediate from a few metres away. v) The hairs on the margins of the leaf sheaths may rub off late in the season. In the following rather unsatisfactory key (updated from Wigginton & Graham 1981) an attempt has been made to key out the hybrids, which as a rule have empty anthers.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Cool Season Grasses Guide
    NATIVE COOL SEASON GRASSES GUIDE PURE STAND SEEDING RATES SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME HEIGHT (PLS LBS/ACRE) Achnatherum hymenoides Indian Rice Grass 1.5' 8 Agropyron smithii Western Wheatgrass 3' 12 Agropyron trachycaulum Slender Wheatgrass 3' 8 Bromus anomalus Nodding Brome 2' 18 Bromus carinatus California Brome 4' 15 Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome 4' 10 Bromus kalmii Prairie Brome 3' 12 Bromus marginatus Mountain Brome 4' 25 Bromus purgans Hairy Wood Chess 4' 12 Calamagrostis canadensis Blue Joint Reed Grass (Canada Bluejoint) 4' 0.4 Danthonia spicata Poverty Oats 1' 4 Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hairgrass 3.5' 2 Elymus canadensis Canada Wildrye 3'–4' 8 Elymus elymoides Bottlebrush Squirreltail 1.5' 8 Elymus glaucus Blue Wildrye 5' 12 Elymus lanceolatus Thickspike (Streambank) Wheatgrass 2.5' 10 SEASONNATIVE COOL GRASSES GUIDE Elymus riparius Riverbank Wildrye 4' 8 Elymus villosus Silky Wildrye 3' 8 Elymus virginicus Virginia Wildrye 3' 12 Elymus wawawaiensis Snake River Wheatgrass 2.5' 18 Festuca arizonica Arizona Fescue 2' 3 Festuca campestris Rough Fescue 1.5' 8 Festuca idahoensis Idaho Fescue 2' 4 Festuca obtusa Nodding Fescue 2' 5 Festuca occidentalis Western Fescue 3' 5 Festuca saximontana Rocky Mountain Fescue 3' 2 75 SPEAK WITH A SPECIALIST NOW! | 888.498.7333 NATIVE COOL SEASON GRASSES GUIDE CONTINUED PURE STAND SEEDING RATES SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME HEIGHT (PLS LBS/ACRE) Glyceria canadensis Rattlesnake Grass 3' 1 Glyceria striata Fowl Manna Grass 3' 0.8 Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow Barley 2.5' 10 Hordeum jubatum Squirrel Tail Grass 2' 8 Koeleria cristata Prairie June Grass 2' 0.8 Leersia oryzoides Ride Cut Grass 4' 3 Leymus cinereus Great Basin Wildrye 5' 11 Leymus salinus Salina Wildrye 2.5' 12 Leymus triticoides Beardless Wildrye (Creeping Wildrye) 3' 9 Poa alpina Alpine Bluegrass 1.75' 2 Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass 8" 2 Poa fenderiana Muttongrass 2' 2 Poa nervosa Wheeler Bluegrass 1.8' 2 Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass 2' 0.8 Poa secunda ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Analysis of South American Elymus (Triticeae) and Leymus (Triticeae) Species Based on Variation in Repeated Nucleotide Sequences
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Genome analysis of South American Elymus (Triticeae) and Leymus (Triticeae) species based on variation in repeated nucleotide sequences. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54w48156 Journal Genome, 40(4) ISSN 0831-2796 Authors Dubcovsky, J Schlatter, AR Echaide, M Publication Date 1997-08-01 DOI 10.1139/g97-067 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Genome analysis of South American Elymus (Triticeae) and Leymus (Triticeae) species based on variation in repeated nucleotide sequences Jorge DU~COVS~~,A.R. Schlatter, and M. Echaide Abstract: Variation in repeated nucleotide sequences (RNSs) at the level of entire families assayed by Southern blot hybridization is remarkably low within species and is a powerful tool for scrutinizing the origin of allopolyploid taxa. Thirty-one clones from RNSs isolated from different Triticeae genera were used to investigate the genome constitution of South American Elymus. One of these clones, pHch2, preferentially hybridized with the diploid H genome Hordeum species. Hybridization of this clone with a worldwide collection of Elymus species with known genome formulas showed that pHch2 clearly discriminates Elymus species with the H genome (StH, StHH, StStH, and StHY) from those with other genome combinations (Sty, StStY, StPY, and StP). Hybridization with pHch2 indicates the presence of the H genome in all South American Elymus species except Elymus erianthus and Elymus mendocinus. Hybridization with additional clones that revealed differential restriction fragments (marker bands) for the H genome confirmed the absence of the H genome in these species. Differential restriction fragments for the NS genome of Psathyrostachys were detected in E.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Ecology of the Exotic Dune Grass Leymus Arenarius
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2018 Soil ecology of the exotic dune grass Leymus arenarius. Matthew L. Reid University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Reid, Matthew L., "Soil ecology of the exotic dune grass Leymus arenarius." (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2995. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2995 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOIL ECOLOGY OF THE EXOTIC DUNE GRASS LEYMUS ARENARIUS By Matthew L. Reid B.A. Hendrix College, 2009 M.S. University of Louisiana at Monroe, 2013 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology Department of Biology University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2018 SOIL ECOLOGY OF THE EXOTIC DUNE GRASS LEYMUS ARENARIUS By Matthew L. Reid B.A. Hendrix College, 2009 M.S. University
    [Show full text]
  • Beardless Wildrye (Leymus Triticoides) Plant Guide
    Plant Guide reptiles, rodents and other small mammals (McAdoo et BEARDLESS WILDRYE al., 2006; Olson, 2001). Leymus triticoides (Buckl.) Pilger Ethnobotanical: Beardless wildrye seed was used Plant Symbol = LETR5 historically by Native Americans as meal, or pinole (Chesnut, 1902). Contributed by: USDA NRCS Lockeford Plant Materials Center, California & Bridger Plant Materials Center, Status Montana Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description General: Grass Family (Poaceae). Beardless wildrye is a cool-season, perennial, sod-forming native grass. It grows 18 to 51 inches tall (45-130 cm) and is strongly rhizomatous (Hickman, 1993). Stems are usually smooth, but are occasionally hairy. Leaf blades are green to blue- green, stiff and flat early in the growth season, becoming rolled later in the year, and are 0.1 to 0.2 inch wide (2.5-4 mm). The spike is narrow and 2 to 7.9 inches long (5-20 cm), with typically two or more spikelets occurring per node, except for occasional single spikelets near the top. Photo by Anna Young-Mathews, Lockeford PMC Glumes and lemmas are sharp pointed, and lemmas are Alternate Names generally tipped with an approximately 0.1 inch (3 mm) Creeping wildrye, alkali ryegrass, valley wild rye, Elymus awn. triticoides Identification: Beardless wildrye hybridizes with Leymus Uses condensatus, L. mollis and L. cinereus. It may be Beardless wildrye is primarily used for soil stabilization, confused with western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) especially along channel or river banks, and for wildlife due to their similar habitat and growth habit (OSU habitat in wetland and riparian plantings.
    [Show full text]
  • United Comstock Merger Mill at American Flat (AFM), While Addressing the Historic Resources
    Sierra Front Sierra United Comstock Merger Nevada Office, Field Mill at American Flat ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT DOI-BLM-NV-C020-2012-0040-EA U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Carson City District Sierra Front Field Office 5665 Morgan Mill Road Carson City, NV 89701 775-885-6000 December 2012 It is the mission of the Bureau of Land Management to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. DOI-BLM-NV-C020-2012-0040-EA ii Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and Need ............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Scoping and Issues Identification ..................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Tribal Consultation ................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Public Scoping in 2011 ............................................................................................. 5 1.3.3 Issues Considered in this EA .................................................................................... 5 1.4 Land Use Conformance Statement ................................................................................... 6 1.5 Relationships
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Ranges of Plant Species in the Monsoon Zone of the Russian Far East
    In: Horizons in Earth Science Research, Volume 3 ISBN: 978-1-61122-197-8 Editors: Benjamin Veress and Jozsi Szigethy © 2011 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. The exclusive license for this PDF is limited to personal website use only. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter 2 ECOLOGICAL RANGES OF PLANT SPECIES IN THE MONSOON ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Vitaly P. Seledets1* and Nina S. Probatova2 1Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia 2Institute of Biology and Soil Science FEB RAS, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia ABSTRACT The monsoon zone covers a considerable part of the Russian Far East (RFE), which includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin, the Kurile Islands, the continental coasts and islands of the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan, and the Amur River basin. The problem of biodiversity in the monsoon zone is connected to species adaptations, speciation and florogenesis, the formation of plant communities, vegetation dynamics, and population structure. Our concept of the ecological range (ecorange, ER) of plant species (Seledets & Probatova 2007b) is aimed at adaptive strategies in the RFE monsoon zone compared with Inner Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Seed Retention and Germination Characteristics of North American Basin Wildrye by Marker-Assisted Gene Introgression
    agronomy Article Improving Seed Retention and Germination Characteristics of North American Basin Wildrye by Marker-Assisted Gene Introgression Steven R. Larson * , Thomas A. Jones, Linnea M. Johnson and Blair L. Waldron United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Forage and Range Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; [email protected] (T.A.J.); [email protected] (L.M.J.); [email protected] (B.L.W.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 6 November 2020; Published: 8 November 2020 Abstract: Basin wildrye [Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) Á. Löve] and creeping wildrye [Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg.] are native perennial grasses cultivated for seed used for fire rehabilitation and revegetation in western North America. Although L. cinereus produces large spike inflorescences with many seeds, it is prone to seed shattering. Seed can be harvested before shattering, but often displays poor germination and seedling vigor. Conversely, L. triticoides has fewer seeds per spike, but relatively strong seed retention. Both species are allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) and form fertile hybrids used for breeding and genetic research. A dominant, major-effect seed-shattering gene (SH6) from L. cinereus was previously identified in an L. triticoides backcross population. In this study, a DNA marker was used to select the recessive L. triticoides seed-retention allele (sh6) in cycle six (C6) of a L. cinereus L. triticoides breeding population and evaluate gene harvest date effects on × × seed yield and germination characteristics in a full-sib family derived from homozygous (sh6/sh6) and heterozygous (SH6/sh6) C6 parents.
    [Show full text]
  • W a Sh in G to N Na Tu Ra L H Er Itag E Pr Og Ra M
    PROGRAM HERITAGE NATURAL Conservation Status Ranks of Washington’s Ecological Systems Prepared for Washington Dept. of Fish and WASHINGTON Wildlife Prepared by F. Joseph Rocchio and Rex. C. Crawford August 04, 2015 Natural Heritage Report 2015-03 Conservation Status Ranks for Washington’s Ecological Systems Washington Natural Heritage Program Report Number: 2015-03 August 04, 2015 Prepared by: F. Joseph Rocchio and Rex C. Crawford Washington Natural Heritage Program Washington Department of Natural Resources Olympia, Washington 98504-7014 .ON THE COVER: (clockwise from top left) Crab Creek (Inter-Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Steppe and Columbia Basin Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Ecological Systems); Ebey’s Landing Bluff Trail (North Pacific Herbaceous Bald and Bluff Ecological System and Temperate Pacific Tidal Salt and Brackish Marsh Ecological Systems); and Judy’s Tamarack Park (Northern Rocky Mountain Western Larch Savanna). Photographs by: Joe Rocchio Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii Tables ............................................................................................................................................. iii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Methods..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]