The Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System Part 2 Female Reproductive System  Ovaries  Produce female gametes (ova)  Secrete female sex hormones  Estrogen and progesterone  Accessory ducts include  Uterine tubes (oviducts, fallopian tubes)  Uterus  Maintains zygote development  Vagina  Receives male gametes

Suspensory ligament of ovary Infundibulum Uterine tube Ovary Fimbriae Peritoneum Uterus Uterosacral Round ligament ligament Vesicouterine Perimetrium pouch Rectouterine pouch Urinary bladder Pubic symphysis Rectum Mons pubis Posterior fornix Cervix Urethra Anterior fornix Clitoris Vagina External urethral Anus orifice Urogenital diaphragm Hymen Greater vestibular Labium minus (Bartholin’s) gland Labium majus

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.10 Ovaries  Each about twice as large as an almond  Ovarian ligaments

Suspensory ligament of ovary Uterine (fallopian) tube Uterine Ovarian blood Fundus Lumen (cavity) tube vessels of uterus of uterus Ampulla Mesosalpinx Ovary Isthmus Mesovarium Infundibulum Broad Fimbriae ligament Mesometrium Round ligament of uterus Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Endometrium Ureter Myometrium Wall of uterus Uterine blood vessels Perimetrium Isthmus Internal os Uterosacral ligament Cervical canal Lateral cervical External os (cardinal) ligament Vagina Lateral fornix Cervix (a)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.12a Ovaries  Follicles  About 400,000 present at birth  Some develop into mature ova at sexual maturity  Maturation of a follicle occurs about every 28 days  Ovulation

Tunica albuginea Oocyte Granulosa cells Late secondary follicle Degenerating corpus Cortex Mesovarium and luteum (corpus blood vessels albicans) Germinal Vesicular epithelium (Graafian) Primary follicle follicles Antrum Oocyte

Ovarian Zona ligament pellucida Theca Medulla folliculi Ovulated oocyte Corpus luteum Developing Corona corpus luteum radiata (a) Diagrammatic view of an ovary sectioned to reveal the follicles in its interior

Figure 27.11a Female Duct System  Uterine tubes  Uterus  Vagina Suspensory ligament of ovary Uterine (fallopian) tube Uterine Ovarian blood Fundus Lumen (cavity) tube vessels of uterus of uterus Ampulla Mesosalpinx Ovary Isthmus Mesovarium Infundibulum Broad Fimbriae ligament Mesometrium Round ligament of uterus Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Endometrium Ureter Myometrium Wall of uterus Uterine blood vessels Perimetrium Isthmus Internal os Uterosacral ligament Cervical canal Lateral cervical External os (cardinal) ligament Vagina Lateral fornix Cervix (a)

Figure 27.12a Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes  Extend from uterus to near ovary  End as infundibulum  Post-ovulation  Cilia create currents, move ovum into uterine tube  Fertilization normally takes place within tube  Ectopic pregnancy  Pelvic inflammatory disease

Uterus  Structure  Body  Main region  Fundus  Rounded superior region  Isthmus  Narrowed inferior region  Layers  Serosa  Myometrium  Endometrium Suspensory ligament of ovary Uterine (fallopian) tube Uterine Ovarian blood Fundus Lumen (cavity) tube vessels of uterus of uterus Ampulla Mesosalpinx Ovary Isthmus Mesovarium Infundibulum Broad Fimbriae ligament Mesometrium Round ligament of uterus Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Endometrium Ureter Myometrium Wall of uterus Uterine blood vessels Serosa Isthmus Internal os Uterosacral ligament Cervical canal Lateral cervical External os (cardinal) ligament Vagina Lateral fornix Cervix (a)

Figure 27.12a Lumen of uterus Epithelium Capillaries Uterine glands Venous sinusoids Lamina propria of connective tissue Spiral (coiled) artery

Straight artery

Endometrial vein Smooth muscle fibers Radial artery

Arcuate artery Uterine artery (b)

Figure 27.13b Uterus  Cervix  Narrow neck, or outlet  Projects into the vagina  Common site for cancer Vagina  Muscular tube from uterus (cervix) to outside the body  Birth canal  Organ of copulation  Pathway for menstrual flow  Lined by mucous membrane  Acidic secretions retard bacterial growth  Immune cells Suspensory ligament of ovary Uterine (fallopian) tube Uterine Ovarian blood Fundus Lumen (cavity) tube vessels of uterus of uterus Ampulla Mesosalpinx Ovary Isthmus Mesovarium Infundibulum Broad Fimbriae ligament Mesometrium Round ligament of uterus Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Endometrium Ureter Myometrium Wall of uterus Uterine blood vessels Perimetrium Isthmus Internal os Uterosacral ligament Cervical canal Lateral cervical External os (cardinal) ligament Vagina Lateral fornix Cervix (a)

Figure 27.12a Hormonal Function of Ovaries  Endocrine function  Estrogen and progesterone production  Development of reproductive organs  Secondary sexual characteristics  Affect protein anabolism  Affect fluid and electrolyte balance Other Hormones  FSH and LH  Produced by pituitary gland  Human chorionic gonadotropin  Produced by placenta External Genitalia Vulva  Skin folds surrounding vaginal orifice  Clitoris  Erectile tissue  Homologous to male penis  Sexual arousal

Accessory Organ  Mammary glands  Present in both males and females  Modified sweat glands  Glandular alveoli capable of hormone stimulated milk production

Accessory Organ  Mammary glands  Breast cancer