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Onetouch 4.0 Sanned Documents 18 December 1991 PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 104(4), 1991, pp. 714-726 POLYNOID POLYCHAETES COMMENSAL WITH ANTIPATHARIAN CORALS Marian H. Pettibone Abstract.•Three new genera and new species of commensal Polynoidae: Harmothoinae, having close associations with antipatharian corals, are de- scribed: Antipathipolyeunoa nuttingi and Bayerpolynoe floridensis, from the North Atlantic Ocean off Barbados, Venezuela, and the Gulf Stream off Florida, and Tottonpolynoe symantipathicola, from the South Pacific Ocean off New Zealand. Included also in the Key to the Species of Polynoidae associated with antipatharians is the previously described Lepidastheninae, Benhamipolynoe antipathicola (Benham, 1927), from off New Zealand. Many polynoids are found to have close off New Zealand, Totton (1923:106-108, associations with other invertebrates, es- figs. 9-11, pi. 2: fig. 5) identified and de- pecially corals, echinoderms, molluscs, and scribed two bottle-brush shaped colonies as other polychaetes. The group considered P. tenuispina, both containing worm-runs, herein includes four species of polynoids, where the branchlets of the main branches three of them represented by new genera united as arches, forming the framework of and species, collected on five species of an- a worm-run. tipatharian corals and one gorgonian. This As indicated by Benham (1927:64, 67), commensal relationship has been noted by the worm on P. tenuispina was removed some antipatharian coral specialists. from the worm-tunnel by Professor J. Ar- In connection with his study on the fauna thur Thomson. He described the latticed of the Gulf Stream at great depths off Flor- tunnel as being about 10 cm long, fitted the ida, de Pourtalès (1867) described a number worm loosely and was formed by an inter- of antipatharians. Based on collections of lacing, and fusion of numerous serrated the Barbados-Antigua Expedition, Nutting branchlets that formed an intricate mesh- (1919:113) commented on the antipathar- work along the main axis of the coral. The ians, noting that Antipathes columnaris Du- worm was initially submitted to Professor chassaing was one of the commonest species Mclntosh and later to W. B. Benham, while collected off Barbados. It resembled a small working up the polychaetes of the Terra bottle-brush with stiff-wavy branches thick- Nova Expedition off New Zealand. Benham ly implanted on the sides of the straight cen- (1927:64-67, pi. hfigs. 11-13) described the tral stem. Many specimens had hollow tun- worm as a new polynoid species, Lepidas- nels formed by anastomosed twigs, lying thenia antipathicola. Later, Pettibone (1970: along the main stems, induced by the pres- 201-205, figs. 1-4) reexamined the holotype ence of a commensal annelid. and referred the species to a new genus, Ben- Silberfeld (1911:20-21, pi. 1: figs. 2, 4) hamipolynoe, and added to the species re- described and photographed a new antipa- cords a specimen from the Siboga Expedi- tharian from Sagami Bay, Japan, Paranti- tion in the Malay Archipelago, found in an pathes tenuispina, with a so-called worm- empty tube of an eunicid polychaete, and a run on the main stem. In his report on the specimen from the North Atlantic in the Antipatharia from the Terra Nova voyage Gulf Stream off Florida, from a Fish Hawk VOLUME 104, NUMBER 4 715 Station, associated with the antipatharian - Notopodia much shorter than neu- Antipathes columnaris Duchassaing. B. an- ropodia; neuropodia with presetal tipathicola is included in the key to the subacicular process (Figs. IF, G, 4A, known species of Polynoidae associated with B) 3 antipatharian corals. 3. Elytra 15 pairs, confined to anterior region, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, al- ternate segments to 23, 26, 29, 32, Key to the Known Species of Polynoidae with dorsal cirri on posterior seg- associated with Antipatharian Corals ments. Commensal with Antipathes 1. Prostomium lepidasthenoid, lateral columnaris Duchassaing antennae inserted terminally on an- . Bayerpolynoe floridensis, n. gen., terior extensions of prostomium, n. sp. without distinct ceratophores (Pet- - Elytra numerous pairs, on segments tibone 1970, figs, la, 2a, 3a). Para- 2, 4, 5, 7, alternate segments to 23, podia subbiramous, notopodia short 26, 29, 32, 33, 35, continuing on conical acicular lobe, without no- alternate segments. Commensal with tosetae; neuropodia deeply cut dor- Antipathes tanacetum Pourtalès .. sally and ventrally, with subequal, Antipathipolyeunoa nuttingi, rounded presetal and postsetal lobes, n. gen., n. sp. without projecting acicular lobe (Pettibone 1970, fig. lb, c). Com- Family Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856 mensal with Parantipathes tenui- Subfamily Harmothoinae Willey, 1902 spina Silberfeld and Antipathes co- Antipathipolyeunoa, new genus lumnaris Duchassaing .... Lepidastheniinae Pettibone, 1989: Type species.•Antipathipolyeunoa nut- Benhamipolynoe antipathicola tingi, new species. (Benham, 1927) Diagnosis. •Body elongate, flattened, - Prostomium harmothoid, with ce- with sides nearly parallel, tapering posteri- phalic peaks; ceratophores of lateral orly; segments numerous (up to 84). Elytra antennae distinct, inserted ventrally and bulbous elytrophores numerous pairs, (Figs. lA, 3A, 5A). Parapodia bi- on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, alternate segments ramous, notopodia with notosetae; to 23,26,29, 32,33, continuing on alternate neuropodia with subconical presetal segments to near end of body. Elytra acicular lobe and short, rounded moderate in size, circular to oval, leaving postsetal lobe (Figs. IF, G, 4A, B, middorsum uncovered, without fringes of 5B, C) Harmothoinae Willey, 1902 papillae or tubercles. Dorsal cirri on non- 2 elytrigerous segments, with short cirro- 2. Notopodia nearly as long as neu- phores and long styles; dorsal tubercles in- ropodia; neuropodia without pre- conspicuous. Prostomium bilobed, with setal subacicular process (Fig. 5B, subtriangular anterior peaks, 3 antennae and C). Elytra 16 pairs, on segments 2, 2 palps; ceratophore of median antenna in 4, 5, 7, alternate segments to 26, 29, anterior notch of prostomium, with long 32, 36, with dorsal cirri on posterior style; lateral antennae with distinct cerato- segments. Commensal with Paran- phores inserted ventrally, with short styles; tipathes sp. and gorgonian Sclerisis palps relatively short; 2 pairs of large eyes macquarina Bayer & Stefani on posterior half of prostomium. Tentacu- ... Tottonpolynoe symantipatharia, lophores of segment I lateral to prostomi- n. gen., n. sp. um, achaetous, with 2 pairs of long tentac- 716 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ular cirri; prominent bulbous facial tubercle. Antipathes tanacetum Pourtalès, removed Buccal segment (II) without nuchal fold, with by D. M. Opresko, 3 paratypes (USNM first pair of elytra, biramous parapodia, and 136587). long ventral buccal cirri; pharynx with 9 Description. •Yio\o\yTpe 21 mm long, 3 pairs of border papillae and 2 pairs of jaws. mm wide with setae, 82 segments. Com- Parapodia biramous; notopodia small, con- plete paratype 25 mm long, 3 mm wide, 84 ical, on anterodorsal face of larger neuro- segments. Body elongate, slender, slightly podia; notosetae relatively few (9-2), about flattened, with sides nearly parallel, tapering as stout as neurosetae, acicular, with faint gradually posteriorly. Coloration with near- spinose rows; neuropodia with longer sub- ly continuous middorsal reddish brown lon- conical presetal acicular lobe, with project- gitudinal band, with some spots on bases of ing subacicular process, and shorter round- dorsal cirri and some midventral pigmen- ed postsetal lobe; neurosetae relatively few tation. Elytra numerous pairs, on segments (6-11), rather stout, with falcate tips and 2, 4, 5, 7, alternate segments to 23, 26, 29, faint spinose rows. Ventral cirri rather long, 32, 33, 35, continuing on alternate segments extending to tips of neuropodia. Nephridial to 73, 77, with dorsal cirri on posterior 5 papillae short, beginning on segment 6. Py- segments (arrangement somewhat variable gidium with pair of long anal cirri. Com- on posterior region of paratypes). Elytra mensal with antipatharians. round, chalky white, opaque, attached ec- Remarks. •Of the genera of Harmo- centrically; moderate in size, leaving mid- thoinae with elongate bodies, numerous dorsum uncovered, larger anteriorly, be- segments, and numerous elytra continuing coming smaller posteriorly; without papulae to near end of the body, Antipathipolyeunoa or tubercles (Fig. 2G-I). is closest to Polyeunoa Mclntosh, 1885, as Dorsal cirri with short, cylindrical cirro- emended by Bergström (1916) and Petti- phores posterodorsal to notopodia; styles bone (1969:45). The new genus differs long, extending far beyond setae; dorsal tu- mainly by having a prominent subacicular bercles indistinct (Figs. IE, G, 2B). process on the presetal acicular lobe of the Bilobed prostomium with wide, subtrian- neuropodium, lacking in Polyeunoa. gular cephalic peaks; eyes rather large, an- Etymology. •Antipathipolyeunoa is based terior pair on middle of lateral surface, pos- on its close relationship with antipatharians terior pair posterolateral; ceratophore of and the polynoid genus Polyeunoa. Gender median antenna in anterior notch of pro- feminine. stomium, style long, smooth, with long fil- amentous tip; lateral antennae with cerato- phores inserted ventrally, styles short, with Antipathipolyeunoa nuttingi, filamentous tips; palps stout, tapered, short- new species er than median antenna; tentaculophores Figs. 1, 2 lateral to prostomium, achaetous; dorsal Material
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