DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos Universidad Del Perú

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos Universidad Del Perú Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad del Perú. Decana de América Dirección General de Estudios de Posgrado Facultad de Ciencias Sociales Unidad de Posgrado Cohesión y continuidad cultural Asheninka en la comunidad de Ponchoni del Gran Pajonal TESIS Para optar el Grado Académico de Doctora en Ciencias Sociales en la especialidad de Antropología AUTOR Mg. Elsa Ricardina VÍLCHEZ JIMÉNEZ ASESOR Dr. Sabino ARROYO AGUILAR Lima, Perú 2020 Reconocimiento - No Comercial - Compartir Igual - Sin restricciones adicionales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Usted puede distribuir, remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir del documento original de modo no comercial, siempre y cuando se dé crédito al autor del documento y se licencien las nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones. No se permite aplicar términos legales o medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otros a hacer cualquier cosa que permita esta licencia. Referencia bibliográfica Vílchez, E. (2020). Cohesión y continuidad cultural Asheninka en la comunidad de Ponchoni del Gran Pajonal. [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado]. Repositorio institucional Cybertesis UNMSM. Hoja de Metadatos complementarios Código ORCID del autor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5030 DNI o pasaporte del autor DNI 07567984 Código ORCID del asesor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-9078 DNI o pasaporte del asesor DNI 07328272 Grupo de investigación “—“ Agencia financiadora País de la agencia financiadora: Perú Comunidad de Ponchoni en el Gran Pajonal de Ucayali, Perú. Coordenadas geográficas; Entre los ríos, Ucayali, Tambo, Perené y Pichis, en el Ubicación geográfica donde se cuadrilátero formado por los paralelos desarrolló la investigación 10°30’ y 10°00’ de latitud sur y los meridianos 74°40’ y 73°50’ de longitud oeste. Año o rango de años en que se 2015-2017 realizó la investigación https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.04.03 Disciplinas OCDE https://purl.org.pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.04.05 Firmado digitalmente por SILVA SIFUENTES Jorge Elias Tercero FAU 20148092282 soft Motivo: Soy el autor del documento Fecha: 03.02.2021 08:12:25 -05:00 FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES UNIDAD DE POSGRADO ACTA DE SUSTENTACIÓN En Lima, a los trece del mes de noviembre del dos mil veinte, mediantes sustentación virtual, a cargo de la Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional San Marcos, a horas 10: 00 am, bajo la presidencia de la DRA. MAGGIE MABELL ROMANÍ MIRANDA y con la concurrencia de los demás miembros del Jurado de Tesis, se inició la ceremonia invitando a la graduanda VÍLCHEZ JIMÉNEZ ELSA RICARDINA para que hiciera exposición de la Tesis para optar el Grado Académico de Doctora en Ciencias Sociales en la Especialidad de Antropología. Siendo el trabajo titulado: “Cohesión y continuidad cultural Asheninka en la comunidad de Ponchoni del Gran Pajonal” A continuación fue sometido a las objeciones por parte del Jurado. Terminando esta prueba y verificada la votación; se consignó la calificación correspondiente a: B MUY BUENO 18 Por tanto el Jurado, de acuerdo al Reglamento de Grados y Títulos, acordó recomendar a la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales para que proponga que la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos otorgue el Grado Académico de Doctora en Ciencias Sociales en la Especialidad de Antropología, a la Magíster VÍLCHEZ JIMÉNEZ ELSA RICARDINA. Siendo las 12:00 pm y para constancia se dispuso se extendiera la presente Acta: Dra. Maggie Mabell Romaní Miranda PRESIDENTA Dr. Pedro Maguín Jacinto Pazos MIEMBRO Dra. Mercedes Patricia Giesecke Sara Lafosse De Vildoso MIEMBRO Dr. Sabino Arroyo Aguilar ASESOR Dr. JORGE ELÍAS TERCERO SILVA SIFUENTES Director ______________________________________________________________________ PABELLÓN JOSÉ CARLOS MARIÁTEGUI – CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA Teléfono: 6197000 Anexo 4003. Lima – Perú. Correo: [email protected], [email protected] Web: http://sociales.unmsm.edu.pe/ DEDICATORIA A la memoria viva de mi amigo asheninka Nicolás Camayteri Fernández y a su esposa Rosa, con quienes espero encontrarme un día. A todos mis amigos asheninka a quienes les prometí esta tesis redactada en un lenguaje sencillo con fines a su traducción en el idioma asheninka. Asimismo, dedico esta tesis a la memoria viva de mi padre: Pablo Armando Vílchez Miranda, quien estaría contento y gustoso de leer el resultado de una ardua investigación. Figura 1. Amanecer en Ponchoni (Foto: A. S., año: 2009) 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, con el afán de mantener viva la memoria de Nicolás Camayteri Fernández quiero agradecerle a él y a su esposa Rosa quienes me acogieron en Oventeni y compartieron conmigo sus experiencias. Mi enorme gratitud y reconocimiento a Miguel Camayteri, Pascual Camayteri, la esposa de este: Ninfa Sánchez y a sus hijos por la acogida en su hogar y el apoyo logístico. Mi reconocimiento a los asheninka Pablo Edwin Jacinto Santos y Enrique Casanto Shingari por compartir aulas en la universidad, por esas largas conversaciones y descripciones de la vida asheninka. Asimismo, mi profundo agradecimiento a mis amigos de la comunidad de Marankiari Bajo, especialmente a la familia Yupanqui. Un agradecimiento especial al doctor Sabino Arroyo Aguilar, quien como mi asesor revisó los fundamentos de esta investigación y cuyas observaciones y sugerencias mejoraron y direccionaron este estudio. Agradezco también a los miembros del Jurado: doctora Mercedes Giesecke Sara Lafosse y doctor Pedro Jacinto Pazos, por sus alcances teóricos y metodológicos. Agradezco infinitamente a mis amigas: doctora Mary Ruth Wise y magíster Martha Zegarra Leyva, por su aliento y apoyo inagotable para la culminación de esta tesis. Es pertinente hacer un reconocimiento especial a mi familia: resalto la paciencia de mi esposo y también colega, el doctor Gustavo Solís Fonseca por dedicar tiempo a la lectura de esta tesis y para darme los alcances necesarios desde su propio conocimiento de los Arawak. Gracias a mis hijas Alba y Rosalba, quienes me brindaron apoyo con el tema informático y las traducciones. 3 ÍNDICE DEDICATORIA ......................................................................................... 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................... 3 LISTA DE TABLAS ................................................................................... 8 LISTA DE FIGURAS ................................................................................. 9 LISTA DE SIGLAS .................................................................................... 11 RESUMEN ................................................................................................ 13 ABSTRACT............................................................................................... 14 INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................... 15 JUSTIFICACIÓN ....................................................................................... 24 DESCRIPCIÓN Y PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .......................... 30 OBJETIVOS.............................................................................................. 31 HIPÓTESIS DE TRABAJO ....................................................................... 32 ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS .............................................................. 33 CAPÍTULO I EL ESPACIO GEOSOCIAL: KESHII (Pajonal), PONCHONI Y LOS ASHENINKA.................................................................................... 37 1.1. Generalidades ................................................................................. 37 1.1.1. Ubicación geográfica del Keshii ....................................................... 38 1.2. Aspectos demográficos ................................................................... 40 1.2.1. Actividades económicas de los asheninka de Ponchoni .................. 40 1.2.2. Características geográficas del Keshii ............................................. 42 1.2.3. Vías de acceso ................................................................................ 43 1.2.4. Formas de comunicación................................................................. 44 1.2.5. La sociedad asheninka .................................................................... 44 1.3. Historia del Keshii: los Arawak y los ashaninka ............................... 45 1.3.1. Lathrap: arqueología y poblamiento ................................................ 45 1.3.2. Boom del caucho y servilismo ......................................................... 47 1.3.3. Contacto entre andinos y amazónicos ............................................. 47 1.3.4. Misioneros franciscanos colonizan el Keshii .................................... 48 1.4. Tradición oral y memoria asheninka ................................................ 51 1.4.1 Relación entre historia y memoria ................................................... 51 1.4.2. Memoria como testimonio oral ......................................................... 53 1.4.3. La memoria sobre Juan Santos Átahualpa: ¿Mesianismo? ............. 54 1.4.3.2. La facilidad de relaciones Interculturales del líder JSA ............. 56 1.4.3.3. ¿Don de lenguas de JSA?........................................................ 58 1.4.3.4. Juan Santos Atahualpa y la memoria actual ............................. 63 1.4.4. El terrorismo y la autodefensa asheninka ........................................ 64 1.4.5. Otros aspectos
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE LAND WITHIN Indigenous Territory and the Perception of Environment
    IWGIA THE LAND WITHIN INDIGENOUS TERRITORY AND PERCEPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT T H E L A N D W I T H I N Alexandre Surrallés Pedro García Hierro editors THE LAND WITHIN Indigenous territory and the perception of environment Alexandre Surrallés & Pedro García Hierro - editors - Copenhagen 2005 170 THE LAND WITHIN - INDIGENOUS TERRITORY AND PERCEPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT WRITING HISTORY INTO THE LANDSCAPE: YANESHA NOTIONS OF SPACE AND TERRITORIALITY Fernando Santos–Granero Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute ery early in the morning, during a bright September day in 1977, I started what was going to be a three-day walk from the Yanesha community of V ~ Yorenac~o to that of Muerrat o, 1 passing through the communities of Huacsho and Yoncollmaso, all of them in the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Central Andes (see Figures 1 and 2). 2 My travel companion was Francisco, a middle-aged Yanesha who was going downriver to visit relatives and do some hunting and fishing. When we departed, I had no idea that this trip was also going to be a fascinating journey along the landscape of Yanesha history and myth. Shortly after leaving Yorenac~o along the colonization road built in the 1970s we went by a gently sloping hill on top of which, Francisco told me, lay the foundations of an old Yanesha temple/forge. At its base, he claimed, one could still see rests of the furnace in which iron ore was melted. A few hours later, close to the colonist town of Eneñas he singled out the site of the last fully functioning Yanesha temple, abandoned in the 1950s after the death of the officiating priest.
    [Show full text]
  • Writing History Into the Landscape: Space, Myth, and Ritual in Contemporary Amazonia
    writing history into the landscape: space, myth, and ritual in contemporary Amazonia FERNANDO SANTOS-GRANERO—Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Very early in the morning, during a bright September day in 1977,1 started what was going to be a three-day walk from the Yanesha community of Yorenaco to that of Muerrato,1 passing through the communities of Huacsho and Yoncollmaso, all of them in the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Central Andes (see Figures 1 and 2).2 My travel companion was Francisco, a middle-aged Yanesha who was going downriver to visit relatives and do some hunting and fishing. When we departed, I had no idea that this trip was also going to be a fascinating journey along the landscape of Yanesha history and myth. Shortly after leaving Yorenaco along the colonization road built in the 1970s we went by a gently sloping hill on top of which, Francisco told me, lay the foundations of an old Yanesha temple/forge. At its base, he claimed, one could still see rests of the furnace in which iron ore was melted. A few hours later, close to the colonist town of Enenas he singled out the site of the last fully functioning Yanesha temple, abandoned in the 1950s after the death of the officiating priest. Before arriving at the settlement of Huacsho, we went by a small lake in a site called Cacasano. Francisco told me that here the warrior-divinity Yato' Caresa (Our Grandfather Caresa) hid himself after being defeated by the Muellepen, ancient cannibals who used to travel upriver along the Palcazu River in order to attack the Yanesha settlements of the Cacazu Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • YOTANTSI ASHI OTSIPANKI Narraciones Autobiográficas De Líderes Asháninka Y Ashéninka De La Selva Central Del Perú
    HISTORIAS PARA NUESTRO FUTURO YOTANTSI ASHI OTSIPANKI Narraciones autobiográficas de líderes Asháninka y Ashéninka de la Selva Central del Perú Editadas y compiladas por Hanne Veber HISTORIAS PARA NUESTRO FUTURO YOTANTSI ASHI OTSIPANIKI Narraciones autobiográficas de líderes asháninkas y ashéninkas de la Selva Central del Perú Compiladas y editadas por Hanne Veber Copenhague 2009 HISTORIAS PARA NUESTRO FUTURO Yotantsi ASHI OTSIPANIKI Copyright: Hanne Veber y el Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Asuntos Indígneas Compilación y edición: Hanne Veber Diseño de tapa: Diseño interior: Jorge Monrás Revisión, corrección, notas aclaratorias y traductor de parte de los textos: Alberto Chirif Producción editorial: Alejandro Parellada Impresión: TAREA, Lima ISBN: 87-91563-21-6 ISSN: 0105-4503 Catalogación – Hurridocs (CIP) Título: Historias para nuestro futuro – Yotantsi ashi Otsipaniki Autor: Hanne Veber Número de páginas: 349 Idioma: castellano ISBN: 87-91563-21-6 Index: 1. Pueblos indígenas – 2. Perú – 3. Amazonía Área geográfica: Perú Fecha de publicación: 2009 GRUPO INTERNACIONAL DE TRABAJO SOBRE ASUNTOS INDIGENAS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhague, Dinamarca Tel: (45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.iwgia.org CONTENIDO Prólogo ........................................................................................................8 Introducción Introducción etnográfica Los asháninkas y los ashéninkas ...................................................................20 Narraciones autobiográficas
    [Show full text]
  • ASHANINKA SPIRITUALITY and FOREST CONSERVATION by Alice
    ASHANINKA SPIRITUALITY AND FOREST CONSERVATION by Alice Fortes (Alice Corrêa Fortes) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) [Anthropology / Visual Arts / Forestry] THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2021 © Alice Fortes, 2021 The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled: Ashaninka Spirituality and Forest Conservation submitted by Alice Corrêa Fortes in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies Examining Committee: Wade Davis, Anthropology, UBC Co-supervisor Manuel Piña, Art History, Visual Art & Theory, UBC Co-supervisor ii Abstract This research was carried out in the Apiwtxa village of the Ashaninka people, located on the banks of the Amônia river, in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, on the border with Peru. Living in one of the most biodiverse regions of the planet, this community stands out both for the strength and depth of its spirituality and for its commitment to stewardship of the environment; with a population of but 900, the Ashaninka of Apiwtxa have within the last twenty years planted more than two million trees. In this study, I analyze the connection between the traditional spiritual practices of the Ashaninka people, with the use of ayahuasca, and the propensity of this people to preserve nature, and to achieve a genuinely sustainable development, combining ancestral mandates inspired in part by mythology, with contemporary practices informed by a scientific understanding of forest ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • San Cristobal En La Amazonia
    San Cristobal en la Amazonia: Colonialismo, violencia y hechiceria infantil entre los arahuacos de la selva central del Peru Fernando Santos Granero Smithsonian! Tropical Research Institute RESUMEN La matanza de ninos acusados de hechiceros ha sido ampliamente reportada entre los arahuacos de la selva central del Peru desde fines del sigh XIX. Las acusaciones de brujeria infantil proliferan en coyunturas de crecientes presiones externas, marcadas por enfrentamientos violentos, desplazamiento territorial, y brotes epidemicos. Losfun- damentos miticos de la creencia en la hechiceria infantil se encuentran en la leyenda de san Cristobal y el Nino Jesiis. Apropiada por medio de la magia mimetica en tiempos coloniales, la leyenda de este santo «protector de las plagas» se convirtio, con el paso del tiempo, en el mito arahuaco de un gigante canibal que va por el mundo junto a su malefico hijo transformando a la gente. La idea de que los ninos podian devenir en poderosos hechiceros se reforzo en tiempos postcoloniales debido a la aparicion de epidemias que afectaban mayormente a los adultos. Ejemplo de un acto mimetico fallido, la creencia en la hechiceria infantil es uno de los productos impredecibles y trdgicos del encuentro colonial. Palabras clave: Amazonia, arahuacos, hechiceria infantil, historia, mimesis, mitologfa. ABSTRACT The article analyzes the phenomenon of child sorcery, that is, of children accused of being sorcerers, among the Arawakan people of eastern Peru. It is suggested that this practice was the result, in colonial times, of the mimetic appropriation and structural transformation of the Christian legend of St Christopher and the Christ Child into the myth of a cannibalistic giant and his evil infant son.
    [Show full text]
  • Anales De Antropologia
    ANALES DE ANTROPOLOGÍA Anales de Antropología 52-2 (2018): 157-176 www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/antropologia Artículo Poblamiento y ocupación de la Selva Central del Perú. La conquista del territorio asháninka Settlement and occupation of the Selva Central of Peru. The conquest of the Ashaninka territories Nila Vigil Oliveros* Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, La Fontana 550, La Molina 00012, Lima, Perú Recibido el 23 de julio de 2017; aceptado el 7 de diciembre de 2017 Resumen Abstract Este documento presenta una visión panorámica del proceso históri- This document presents an overview of the Selva Central historical co de la población y ocupación de la Selva Central (comprendida settlement and occupation process on the Selva Central (territory lo- entre los paralelos 10° y 14° de latitud sur y los meridianos 72° y 76°, cated between 10 ° and 14° south latitude and meridians 72° and 76°, al oeste de Greenwich) en una extensión de aproximadamente 100 West from Greenwich, covering an area of 100 000 square kilome- 000 kilómetros cuadrados de territorio ancestralmente asháninka, ters). This territory was traditionally occupied by Ashaninka people, pueblo indígena más numeroso de la Amazonia peruana. Se calcula the largest group of indigenous people in the Peruvian Amazon, with que su población asciende a más de 52 000 personas. Su territorio a population estimate of more than 52 000 people. The Ashaninka tradicional ocupa las últimas pendientes orientales de la Cordillera communities are in the valleys of the Apurímac, Ene, Tambo, Alto Central; los valles de los ríos Bajo Apurímac, Ene, Tambo, Alto Ucayali, Bajo Urubamba, Perené and Pichis rivers, in the provinces of Ucayali, Bajo Urubamba, Perené y Pichis, las provincias de Chanchamayo, Satipo, Oxapampa and in the Great Pajonal Plateau.
    [Show full text]
  • Descargar La Publicación
    HISTORIAS PARA NUESTRO FUTURO YOTANTSI ASHI OTSIPANKI Narraciones autobiográficas de líderes Asháninka y Ashéninka de la Selva Central del Perú Editadas y compiladas por Hanne Veber HISTORIAS PARA NUESTRO FUTURO YOTANTSI ASHI OTSIPANIKI Narraciones autobiográficas de líderes asháninkas y ashéninkas de la Selva Central del Perú Compiladas y editadas por Hanne Veber Copenhague 2009 HISTORIAS PARA NUESTRO FUTURO Yotantsi ASHI OTSIPANIKI Copyright: Hanne Veber y el Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Asuntos Indígneas Compilación y edición: Hanne Veber Diseño de tapa: Diseño interior: Jorge Monrás Revisión, corrección, notas aclaratorias y traductor de parte de los textos: Alberto Chirif Producción editorial: Alejandro Parellada Impresión: TAREA, Lima ISBN: 87-91563-21-6 ISSN: 0105-4503 Catalogación – Hurridocs (CIP) Título: Historias para nuestro futuro – Yotantsi ashi Otsipaniki Autor: Hanne Veber Número de páginas: 349 Idioma: castellano ISBN: 87-91563-21-6 Index: 1. Pueblos indígenas – 2. Perú – 3. Amazonía Área geográfica: Perú Fecha de publicación: 2009 GRUPO INTERNACIONAL DE TRABAJO SOBRE ASUNTOS INDIGENAS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhague, Dinamarca Tel: (45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.iwgia.org CONTENIDO Prólogo ........................................................................................................8 Introducción Introducción etnográfica Los asháninkas y los ashéninkas ...................................................................20 Narraciones autobiográficas
    [Show full text]
  • THE LAND WITHIN Indigenous Territory and the Perception of Environment
    IWGIA By describing the fabric of relationships that indigenous peoples weave THE LAND WITHIN with their environment, this book attempts to define a more precise INDIGENOUS TERRITORY AND notion of indigenous territoriality. Beyond a natural environment from I PERCEPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT T H E L A N D W I T which to obtain the necessary natural resources for subsistence, for NDIGEN indigenous peoples the territory is a space made up of an intricate network of social ties which not only interrelate human groups. Other Alexandre Surrallés OUS elements of the biosphere, such as plants, animals, mountains, etc., Pedro García Hierro can also be part of these social networks, given that they are regarded TE editors RR as persons attributed with a will and emotions similar to that of human IT beings. ORY The territoriality of an environment imbued with feelings, AND memories, subjectivities and bonds consequently begins deep within the person who experiences it. An attack on the territorial rights of P E RC indigenous peoples is also therefore an attack on human rights. This state E P of affairs provides unusual implications for the legal development of TI O indigenous rights to their territories, the defence of the status and N protection required by these areas, many of which are now formally titled. OF THE A large part of the work of titling the South American indigenous territories may now indeed be completed. However this book aims to EN demonstrate that, in addition to management, these territories involve V I RO many other complex aspects that must not be overlooked if we are to N avoid the risk of witnessing these territories and the people who inhabit M ENT them turned into further victims of productionism.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberation Through Land Rights in the Peruvian Amazon
    IWGIA LIBERATION THROUGH LAND RIGHTS IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON LIBERATION LIBERATION THROUGH LAND RIGHTS IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON PEDRO GARCÍA HIERRO DOCUMENT SØREN HVALKOF ANDREW GRAY INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS US$ 20.00 ISBN 87-90730-05-4 90 LIBERATION THROUGH LAND RIGHTS IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON Pedro García Hierro Søren Hvalkof Andrew Gray IWGIA Document No. 90 Copenhagen 1998 3 LIBERATION THROUGH LAND RIGHTS IN UCAYALI, PERU Editors: Alejandro Parellada and Søren Hvalkof Copyright: The authors and IWGIA (International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs) ISBN: 87-90730-05-4 ISSN: 0105-4503 Traduction from Spanish: Elaine Bolton Cover, maps and layout: Jorge Monrás Prepres: Christensen Fotosats & Repro Copenhagen, Denmark Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri aps Copenhagen, Denmark INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Fiolstraede 10, DK 1171 - Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel: (+45) 33 12 47 24 - Fax: (+45) 33 14 77 49 E-mail: [email protected] 4 5 6 CONTENTS Foreword: .............................................................................................8 Atalaya: Caught in a Time Warp by Pedro García Hierro ............................................. 13 From Slavery to Democray: The Indigenous Process of Upper Ucayali and Gran Pajonal by Søren Hvalkof........................................................ 81 Demarcating Development: Titling Indigenous Territories in Peru by Andrew Gray...................................................... 163 Photographers...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For
    In Service of God and King: Conflicts between Bourbon Reformers and the Missionaries of Santa Rosa de Ocopa in Peru, 1709-1824 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cameron David Jones Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Stephanie J. Smith, Advisor Kenneth J. Andrien, Co-advisor Donna J. Guy Copyright by Cameron David Jones 2013 Abstract This dissertation examines the evolving political, economic, and philosophical conflicts between the Franciscan missionaries based out of the College of Santa Rosa de Ocopa in Peru and the Spanish State between 1709 and 1824. The conflicts facing Ocopa were representative of a major pattern of clerical reform influenced by a new philosophy of regalism, which, inspired by the European Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason over tradition, aimed to centralize political power in the monarchical state. The Ocopa missionaries were not completely subservient agents of the government sent to exploit local labor forces to extract resources for Spain. Rather, they sought to create a spiritual utopia, as they imagined it, using State funds but being free from the Crown’s political agenda. Although Spanish regalists were pious Catholics, they sought to create a more national Church under Crown control, which involved curtailing the autonomy of religious orders like the Franciscans. The resulting tensions allowed Amerindian communities concentrated in the Ocopa missions to resist the missionaries’ cultural, political, and commercial impositions. What occurred in the missions, therefore, was a result of interactions among Franciscan missionaries, Crown officials, and indigenous peoples—each with its own discrete agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • The Missionaries of Ocopa and Conflicts Between Church and State in Mid-Eighteenth Century Colonial Peru
    THE WILL OF GOD AND THE WILL OF THE KING: THE MISSIONARIES OF OCOPA AND CONFLICTS BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE IN MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY COLONIAL PERU A Thesis Presented in partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cameron David Jones, B.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Master’s Examination Committee: Dr. Kenneth Andrien, Adviser Dr. Stephanie Smith Approved by Dr. Alcira Dueñas _______________________________ Adviser Graduate Program in History ABSTRACT This thesis uses the loss of the Ocopa jungle missions to the rebellion of Juan Santos Atahualpa (1742-1752) to examine the changing political relationship between Church and State in mid-eighteenth-century Peru. Until the eighteenth century, Church and State had been traditional partners in the governance of Spain’s American possessions. With the ascension of the Bourbon dynasty in 1700, however, this partnership between Church and State began to deteriorate. This change was due in full measure to the adoption by many royal ministers, including Manso de Velásco, of regalism, an ideology inspired by the European Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason over tradition which championed the supreme authority of the monarch in all matters of state. Regalist ministers believed that political power in the Spanish empire should be centered in the monarchy rather than shared with other politically powerful institutions, such as the Church. The regular orders (Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, Mercedarians and later Jesuits) were particularly suspect since they answered to their leaders in Rome, and not to the king. I argue that Viceroy José Antonio Manso de Velásco, Conde de Superunda, abandoned campaigns against the Juan Santos Atahualpa rebels in 1751 because it weakened the power of the Franciscan Order in Peru.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents Minimum Conflict: Guidelines for Planning the Use of American Humid Tropic Environments
    Table of Contents Minimum Conflict: Guidelines for Planning the Use of American Humid Tropic Environments Table of Contents GOVERNMENT OF PERU ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS Department of Regional Development Washington, D.C. 1987 All rights reserved © 1987 by Organization of American States Washington, D.C. This report was produced under the project "Case Study of Environmental Management: Integrated Development of an area in the Humid Tropics - The Selva Central of Peru" with support from the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP does not necessarily share all the views expressed, but welcomes publication as a means to encourage a wider discussion of the environmental management. Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements http://www.oas.org/usde/publications/Unit/oea37e/begin.htm (1 of 5) [4/14/2000 10:54:32 AM] Table of Contents Executive summary Chapter 1 - Introduction Methods of the study Bibliography Chapter 2 - Concepts of environmental management Human quality of life Human environment Natural resources and the concept of goods, services and hazards Environmental management Environmentally sound development Bibliography Chapter 3 - Legal, governmental, and institutional authority in the Central Selva of Peru Principal natural resource legislation Institutional authority Enforcement problems Chapter 4 - Major ecosystems of the American humid tropics with emphasis on the Central Selva of Peru Classification of the American humid tropics
    [Show full text]