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Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for re- search quality and objectivity. Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse Bruce W. Bennett C O R P O R A T I O N NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIVISION Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse Bruce W. -
Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity May 2014 Colombia
Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity May 2014 Colombia Extractives for Prosperity Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity Capstone Report, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University Valle Avilés Pinedo Samantha Holt Michael Bellanton Michael Bellantoni Kine Martinussen Fernando Peinado Gustavo Rojas German Cash Daniel Mendoza Gustavo Rojas Maneesha Shrivastava Federico Sersale Alejandra Espinosa Nicholas Nassar Federico Sersale Carolyn Westeröd1 Supervised by Professor Jenik Radon, Esq. Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity May 2014 Acknowledgments The Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs’ Colombia Capstone group would like to acknowledge the many individuals and organizations that provided invaluable assistance in creating this report: - Professor Jenik Radon, the capstone advisor, for his mentorship and outstanding wisdom. - Fundacion Foro Nacional por Colombia, for helping plan our field trip to Colombia, and for their wisdom and valuable guidance through the development of this project. - Columbia University SIPA, for providing financial support for this Project. - The over 50 interviewees from government organizations, civil society, the oil industry, the mining industry, environmental specialists, academia, and elsewhere, who generously offered their time to meet with us in Colombia and New York. Their guidance was invaluable for the development of this Project. - The authors of the other reports in the Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs Natural Resources: Potentials -
Undiscovered Colombia, Providencia and Panama City
18 days 11:31 01-09-2021 We are the UK’s No.1 specialist in travel to Latin As our name suggests, we are single-minded America and have been creating award-winning about Latin America. This is what sets us apart holidays to every corner of the region for over four from other travel companies – and what allows us decades; we pride ourselves on being the most to offer you not just a holiday but the opportunity to knowledgeable people there are when it comes to experience something extraordinary on inspiring travel to Central and South America and journeys throughout Mexico, Central and South passionate about it too. America. A passion for the region runs Fully bonded and licensed Our insider knowledge helps through all we do you go beyond the guidebooks ATOL-protected All our Consultants have lived or We hand-pick hotels with travelled extensively in Latin On your side when it matters character and the most America rewarding excursions Book with confidence, knowing Up-to-the-minute knowledge every penny is secure Let us show you the Latin underpinned by 40 years' America we know and love experience 11:31 01-09-2021 11:31 01-09-2021 There's some of the best-preserved colonial architecture in Latin America in the cities of Bogotá and Cartagena, and remarkable pre-Columbian artefacts in the San Agustín Archaeological Park.This holiday takes you to all of these, plus a few days on one of the Caribbean’s laid-back and quirkiest islands, English-speaking Providencia, which flies the Colombian flag. -
SOUTH KOREA Executive Summary
Underwritten by CASH AND TREASURY MANAGEMENT COUNTRY REPORT SOUTH KOREA Executive Summary Banking The South Korean central bank is the Bank of Korea (BOK). Within the BOK, the main objective is to maintain price stability. Bank supervision is performed by the (FSC) and its executive arm, the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS). South Korea applies central bank reporting requirements. These are managed by the BOK, according to the rules set out in the Bank of Korea Act and the Statistics Law of 1962 and relevant regulations. Resident entities are permitted to hold foreign currency bank accounts domestically and outside South Korea. Domestic currency accounts are not convertible into foreign currency. Non-resident entities are permitted to hold domestic and foreign currency bank accounts within South Korea. Non-residents are also allowed to hold “non-resident free won accounts,” which are convertible. Since implementing a number of banking and regulatory reforms following the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the number of credit institutions operating within South Korea has reduced from 33 commercial banks in 1997 to 12. The banking sector consists of seven nationwide commercial banks, six local banks, and five specialized banks. There is a significant foreign banking presence in South Korea – 42 foreign banks have established branches in the country. Payments South Korea’s two main interbank payment clearing system operators are the BOK and the Korea Financial Telecommunications and Clearing Institute (KFTC). The BOK operates the country’s RTGS system, while the KFTC operates the country’s main retail payment systems. The most important cashless payment instruments in South Korea are credit cards in terms of volume, and, in terms of value, credit transfers. -
U.S.-South Korea Relations
U.S.-South Korea Relations Mark E. Manyin, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Mary Beth Nikitin Analyst in Nonproliferation Mi Ae Taylor Research Associate in Asian Affairs December 8, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41481 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S.-South Korea Relations Summary Since late 2008, relations between the United States and South Korea (known officially as the Republic of Korea, or ROK) have been arguably at their best state in decades. By the middle of 2010, in the view of many in the Obama Administration, South Korea had emerged as the United States’ closest ally in East Asia. Of all the issues on the bilateral agenda, Congress has the most direct role to play in the proposed Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA). Congressional approval is necessary for the agreement to go into effect. In early December 2010, the two sides announced they had agreed on modifications to the original agreement, which was signed in 2007. South Korea accepted a range of U.S. demands designed to help the U.S. auto industry and received some concessions in return. In the United States, the supplementary deal appears to have changed the minds of many groups and members of Congress who previously had opposed the FTA, which is now expected to be presented to the 112th Congress in 2011. If Congress approves the agreement, it would be the United States’ second largest FTA, after the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). -
Colombian Peso Forecast Special Edition Nov
Friday Nov. 4, 2016 Nov. 4, 2016 Mexican Peso Outlook Is Bleak With or Without Trump Buyside View By George Lei, Bloomberg First Word The peso may look historically very cheap, but weak fundamentals will probably prevent "We're increasingly much appreciation, regardless of who wins the U.S. election. concerned about the The embattled currency hit a three-week low Nov. 1 after a poll showed Republican difference between PDVSA candidate Donald Trump narrowly ahead a week before the vote. A Trump victory and Venezuela. There's a could further bruise the peso, but Hillary Clinton wouldn't do much to reverse 26 scenario where PDVSA percent undervaluation of the real effective exchange rate compared to the 20-year average. doesn't get paid as much as The combination of lower oil prices, falling domestic crude production, tepid economic Venezuela." growth and a rising debt-to-GDP ratio are key challenges Mexico must address, even if — Robert Koenigsberger, CIO at Gramercy a status quo in U.S. trade relations is preserved. Oil and related revenues contribute to Funds Management about one third of Mexico's budget and output is at a 32-year low. Economic growth is forecast at 2.07 percent in 2016 and 2.26 percent in 2017, according to a Nov. 1 central bank survey. This is lower than potential GDP growth, What to Watch generally considered at or slightly below 3 percent. To make matters worse, Central Banks Deputy Governor Manuel Sanchez said Oct. Nov. 9: Mexico's CPI 21 that the GDP outlook has downside risks and that the government must urgently Nov. -
2022 Cartagena Nomadness Itinerary Open
2022 ITINERARY 2022 CULTURE IN CARTAGENA N0MADNESS TRIPS WEEK 1: FEBRUARY 23-28, 2022 WEEK 2: MARCH 2-7, 2022 WEEK 3: MARCH 9-14, 2022 CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA DAY 1 DETAILS ALL DAY- ARRIVALS: AIRPORT PRELIMINARY SHUTTLE PICKS YOU UP FROM CTG, * AND BRINGS YOU TO OUR HOST HOTEL. GET SETTLED IN AND WE'LL Itinerary is identical for all weeks of the trip, thus instead ITINERARY SEE YOU FOR DINNER. of specific dates, you'll see itinerary points noted by trip - GROUP WELCOME DINNER day. Please note this is preliminary, as the full itinerary with in DAY 2 depth descriptions, hotel details, optional add ons, and BREAKFAST pricing details will be sent on Sunday, May 30th to those approved from the preliminary registration for this DEPARTURE FOR 'THE REAL CARTAGENA' TOUR specific trip. WHERE WE ARE IMMERSED IN LOCAL CULTURE THROUGH FOOD, MUSIC, AND CUSTOMS. ON THIS TOUR WE SEE AND LEARN ABOUT THE AIRPORT: AFRICAN INFLUENCE THAT IS SO PROMINENT CArtagena - CTG AROUND CARTAGENA. LOCAL LUNCH CURRENCY: COLOMBIAN PESO - COP THE FAMED MUD VOLCANO. THIS AFTERNOON YOU'LL BE ABLE TO TAKE A MUD BATH IN THE NATURAL VOLCANO ABOUT 40 MINUTES Meals Covered in BUY IN: OUTSIDE OF THE CITY. All Breakfasts, three lunches, DAY 3 Welcome Dinner, Farewell Dinner, BREAKFAST DEPARTURE FOR PLAYA BLANCA BEACH. AFTER YOUR DAY HOTEL: OF CULTURAL IMMERSION, YOU GET TO REST AND RELAX ON THE BEACH, ENJOY THE SUN, AND AFROCOLOMBIAN MUSIC HOTEL INTERCONTINENTAL VIBES. LOCAL LUNCH PRICING: DAY 4 $2400 Total BREAKFAST DEPARTURE FOR TOUR OF PALENQUE. NOW WE $300 - BUYIN on Sun. -
Crisis Response Revision of Colombia Country Strategic Plan (2017–2021) and Corresponding Budget Increase
Executive Board Annual session Rome, 10–14 June 2019 Distribution: General Agenda item 8 Date: 23 May 2019 WFP/EB.A/2019/8-D/1 Original: English Operational matters For information Executive Board documents are available on WFP’s website (https://executiveboard.wfp.org). Crisis response revision of Colombia country strategic plan (2017–2021) and corresponding budget increase Current Change Revised April 2017 – Duration N/A N/A December 2021 Beneficiaries 1 195 000 963 260 2 158 260 (USD) Total cost 161 240 066 93 303 121 254 543 187 Transfer 119 919 313 78 450 914 198 370 227 Implementation 18 790 551 5 928 073 24 718 624 Total transfer and implementation 138 709 864 84 378 987 223 088 851 Adjusted direct support costs 12 577 691 3 229 577 15 807 268 Subtotal 151 287 555 87 608 564 238 896 119 Indirect support costs (6.5 percent) 9 952 512 5 694 557 15 647 068 Gender and age marker* 2A * http://gender.manuals.wfp.org/en/gender-toolkit/gender-in-programming/gender-and-age-marker/. Rationale 1. Following the official request by the Government of Colombia to the United Nations to support the response to the Venezuela migrant crisis in February 2018, WFP activated a Level 2 emergency response targeting 350,000 vulnerable migrants and members of the Focal points: Mr M. Barreto Mr C. Scaramella Regional Director Country Director Latin America and the Caribbean email: [email protected] email: [email protected] World Food Programme, Via Cesare Giulio Viola, 68/70, 00148 Rome, Italy WFP/EB.A/2019/8-D/1 2 host communities for eight months in the departments of Arauca, La Guajira, Nariño and Norte de Santander. -
0.30560 0.30570 Daily Treasury Market Commentary KUWAITI DINAR
KUWAITI DINAR 0.30560 0.30570 Daily Treasury Market Commentary October 28, 2020 Foreign Exchange Developments: Economic Updates: The euro fell against the dollar on Wednesday following a New orders for key US-made capital goods increased Currency Price MTD % 3M% YTD% media report that France's government was leaning to six-year high in September, wrapping up a quarter EUR/USD 1.1779 0.51 0.55 5.07 toward reinstating a national lockdown to curb a of potentially record growth in business spending and GBP/USD 1.3043 0.98 0.87 -1.64 resurgence in coronavirus cases. the economy. AUD/USD 0.7145 -0.24 -0.18 1.75 The dollar, however, gave up early gains against other Britain must spell out how far it wants to diverge from USD/CHF 0.909 -1.28 -0.98 -6.09 major currencies as sentiment turned bearish due to European Union rules if it wants access to the bloc's USD/JPY 104.26 -1.16 -0.81 -4.25 uncertainty about the outcome of the U.S. presidential financial market from January, a top European USD/CAD 1.3191 -0.97 -1.39 1.57 election next week. The euro fell 0.14% to $1.1780 in Asia Commission official said on Tuesday. on Wednesday, down for a third consecutive session. Sterling held steady at $1.3035, supported by hopes for a Local & GCC news: last-minute trade deal between Britain and the European Kuwait's central bank announced on Tuesday it was Index Price Change MTD% YTD% Union. -
Foreign Exchange (FOREX) Data Base Manual May 2001 Contact: (610) 490-2597
Foreign Exchange (FOREX) Data Base Manual May 2001 Contact: (610) 490-2597 This version of the Help documentation is preliminary and does not necessarily represent the current WEFA database. The availability of specific data may not be reflected in this version because of ongoing changes to the data. For example, seriescodes may have been added or dropped and descriptive information (leftmost column) may have changed. Please direct any questions concerning the accuracy or completeness of the information or the availability of data to David Montemurro (610) 490-2597. Please call Cathy Trani (610-490-2613) with any questions regarding the documentation. WEFA, Inc 800 Baldwin Tower, Eddystone, Pennsylvania 19022 (610) 490-4000 Hotline: (610) 490-2700 FAX: (610) 490-2770 Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... i Mnemonics Design..............................................................................................................ii Country Code Listing.........................................................................................................iii Glossary............................................................................................................................... v Selling Rate: New York ...................................................................................................... 1 Spot Rate: London...............................................................................................................3 -
Bloomberg Dollar Index
BLOOMBERG DOLLAR INDEX 2017 REBALANCE 2017 REBALANCE HIGHLIGHTS • Indian rupee added 2017 BBDXY WEIGHTS • Brazilian real removed Euro 3.0% Japanese Yen 3.8% 2.1% Canadian Dollar • Euro maintains largest weight 4.4% 5.1% Mexican Peso • Australian dollar largest percentage weight 31.6% British Pound 10.6% decrease Australian Dollar 10.0% Swiss Franc 17.9% • British pound largest percentage weight increase 11.5% South Korean Won Chinese Renminbi • Mexican peso’s weight continues to increase YoY Indian Rupee since 2007 STEPS TO COMPUTE 2017 MEMBERS & WEIGHTS Fed Reserve’s BIS Remove pegged Trade Data Liquidity Survey currencies to USD Remove currency Set Cap exposure Average liquidity positions under to Chinese & trade weights 2% renminbi to 3% Bloomberg Dollar Index Members & Weights 2017 TARGET WEIGHTS- BLOOMBERG DOLLAR INDEX Currency Name Currency Ticker 2017 Target Weight Euro EUR 31.56% Japanese Yen JPY 17.94% Currency % Change from 2016 to 2017 Indian rupee 2.090% *added Canadian Dollar CAD 11.54% British pound 1.128% South Korean won 0.382% British Pound GBP 10.59% Mexican peso 0.084% Canadian dollar 0.064% Mexican Peso MXN 9.95% Swiss franc 0.019% Australian Dollar AUD 5.12% China renminbi 0.000% Euro -0.195% Swiss Franc CHF 4.39% Japanese yen -0.510% Australian dollar -0.978% South Korean Won KRW 3.81% Brazil real -2.083% *deleted Chinese Renminbi CNH 3.00% Indian Rupee INR 2.09% GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEMBER CURRENCIES GLOBAL 21.50% Americas 46.54% Asia/Pacific 31.96% EMEA 11.93% APAC EMEA AMER 9.39% 9.44% 6.54% Japanese Yen -
Countries Codes and Currencies 2020.Xlsx
World Bank Country Code Country Name WHO Region Currency Name Currency Code Income Group (2018) AFG Afghanistan EMR Low Afghanistan Afghani AFN ALB Albania EUR Upper‐middle Albanian Lek ALL DZA Algeria AFR Upper‐middle Algerian Dinar DZD AND Andorra EUR High Euro EUR AGO Angola AFR Lower‐middle Angolan Kwanza AON ATG Antigua and Barbuda AMR High Eastern Caribbean Dollar XCD ARG Argentina AMR Upper‐middle Argentine Peso ARS ARM Armenia EUR Upper‐middle Dram AMD AUS Australia WPR High Australian Dollar AUD AUT Austria EUR High Euro EUR AZE Azerbaijan EUR Upper‐middle Manat AZN BHS Bahamas AMR High Bahamian Dollar BSD BHR Bahrain EMR High Baharaini Dinar BHD BGD Bangladesh SEAR Lower‐middle Taka BDT BRB Barbados AMR High Barbados Dollar BBD BLR Belarus EUR Upper‐middle Belarusian Ruble BYN BEL Belgium EUR High Euro EUR BLZ Belize AMR Upper‐middle Belize Dollar BZD BEN Benin AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BTN Bhutan SEAR Lower‐middle Ngultrum BTN BOL Bolivia Plurinational States of AMR Lower‐middle Boliviano BOB BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina EUR Upper‐middle Convertible Mark BAM BWA Botswana AFR Upper‐middle Botswana Pula BWP BRA Brazil AMR Upper‐middle Brazilian Real BRL BRN Brunei Darussalam WPR High Brunei Dollar BND BGR Bulgaria EUR Upper‐middle Bulgarian Lev BGL BFA Burkina Faso AFR Low CFA Franc XOF BDI Burundi AFR Low Burundi Franc BIF CPV Cabo Verde Republic of AFR Lower‐middle Cape Verde Escudo CVE KHM Cambodia WPR Lower‐middle Riel KHR CMR Cameroon AFR Lower‐middle CFA Franc XAF CAN Canada AMR High Canadian Dollar CAD CAF Central African Republic