Exchange Rate Statistics
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Dominican Republic
Required Report: Required - Public Distribution Date: June 29,2020 Report Number: DR2020-0012 Report Name: Retail Foods Country: Dominican Republic Post: Santo Domingo Report Category: Retail Foods Update on the Dominican Republic Retail Sector Prepared By: Mayra Carvajal Approved By: Elizabeth Autry Report Highlights: Report Highlights: The Dominican Republic (DR) is one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. With U.S. consumer-oriented product exports reaching US$600 million in 2019, the country represents the fifth-largest market in Latin America. The DR’s modern retail sector is growing rapidly and offers a wide variety of U.S. products. However, despite the prominence and growth of local supermarket chains, they only account for 20-25 percent of total retail sales. Most sales are still in the traditional channel, which includes neighborhood stores (colmados) and warehouses, which offer largely local products. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Market Fact Sheet: Dominican Republic Quick Facts CY 2019 List of Top 10 Growth Products The Dominican Republic (DR) is an upper middle-income country with low and stable inflation. It is the second-largest economy in 1) Cheese 6) Meat (Beef) the Caribbean, just behind Cuba, and the third-largest country in 2) Wine 7) Seafood terms of population (behind Cuba and Haiti). In 2019, the DR’s 3) Beer 8) Snack foods GDP reached approximately US$89 billion, a 5.1 percent increase 4) Pork 9) Frozen potatoes/veg from 2018. The DR’s major export growth has shifted away from 5) Chicken parts 10) Fresh fruit its traditional products (raw sugar, green coffee, and cacao) to gold, Ferro-nickel, sugar derivatives, free-trade zone products, Consumer-Oriented Trade (U.S. -
Chapter 13 * February 2021
DoD 7000.14-R DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 5, Chapter 13 * February 2021 VOLUME0B 5, CHAPTER 13: “FOREIGN DISBURSING OPERATIONS” SUMMARY OF MAJOR CHANGES All changes are in blue font. Substantive revisions are identified by an asterisk (*) symbol preceding the section, paragraph, table, or figure that includes the revision. Unless otherwise noted, chapters referenced are contained in this volume. Hyperlinks are in bold, italic, blue, and underlined font. The previous version dated April 2019 is archived. PARAGRAPH EXPLANATION OF CHANGE/REVISION PURPOSE All Updated hyperlinks and formatting to comply with current Revision administrative instructions. 130203 Added guidance to the paragraph titled “Currency Custody Addition Accounts” from the Treasury Daily Reporting Policy Memo (FPM 19-14). 130402.F Added guidance to the subparagraph titled “Gains and Addition Deficiencies by Revaluation” from the Treasury Daily Reporting Policy Memo (FPM 19-14). Figure 13-1 Replaced Figure 13-1, which displayed the sample for Revision Department of Defense (DD) Form 2664, (Currency Exchange Record) with a sample form of the “Certificate of Change in Purchase Rate.” The DD Form 2664 can be found at DD Forms Management (https://www.esd.whs.mil/Directives/forms/). Figure 13-2 Replaced Figures 13-2, which displayed the sample DD Form Revision 2668, (Request for Bid (Purchase/Sale)) with a sample form of the “Certificate of Adjustment Due to Rounding.” The DD Form 2668 can be found at DD Forms Management (https://www.esd.whs.mil/Directives/forms/). Figure 13-3 Removed Figures 13-3, which displayed the sample DD Form Deletion 2668, (Request for Bid (Purchase/Sale) – Sale Purchase) from the chapter. -
On the Effectiveness of Exchange Rate Interventions in Emerging Markets
On the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions in emerging markets Christian Daude, Eduardo Levy Yeyati and Arne Nagengast CID Working Paper No. 288 September 2014 Copyright 2014 Daude, Christian; Levy Yeyati, Eduardo; Nagengast, Arne; and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University On the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions in emerging markets Christian Daude Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Eduardo Levy Yeyati Universidad Torcuato Di Tella Arne Nagengast Deutsche Bundesbank Abstract We analyze the effectiveness of exchange rate interventions for a panel of 18 emerging market economies during the period 2003-2011. Using an error-correction model approach we find that on average intervention is effective in moving the real exchange rate in the desired direction, controlling for deviations from the equilibrium and short-term changes in fundamentals and global financial variables. Our results are robust to different samples and estimation methods. We find little evidence of asymmetries in the effect of sales and purchases, but some evidence of more effective interventions for large deviations from the equilibrium. We also explore differences across countries according to the possible transmission channels and nature of some global shocks. JEL-classification: F31, F37 Keywords: exchange rate; FX intervention; equilibrium exchange rate 1 1. INTRODUCTION Few macroeconomic policy topics have been as hotly debated as the exchange rate -
I. the ECONOMIC and TRADE ENVIRONMENT (1) Major Features
Dominican Republic W/TPR/S/11 Page 1 I. THE ECONOMIC AND TRADE ENVIRONMENT (1) Major Features of the Economy1 1. The Dominican Republic is located in the eastern half of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (with Haiti on the western half). It has an area of 48,442 km2. In 1993, the population was around 7.5 million; population growth has declined to around 2 per cent in the 1990s from 2.7 per cent in the early 1970s. The urban population is increasing, amounting to 63 per cent of the total in 1993 (Table I.1). The Dominican Republic is endowed with different types of soil suitable for agriculture and is rich in minerals; its traditional production structure has been in agricultural goods such as sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tobacco and in the exploitation of minerals such as nickel, doré (a gold and silver alloy) and bauxite. The abundance of labour and the proximity to the United States have been important elements in the rapid growth of exports, mainly of clothing, from free zones (Chapter V(4)); furthermore, a buoyant tourist industry has developed around the many attractive beaches (Chapters V(5)). Table I.1 Major features of the Dominican Republic economy (1987 prices) 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 Population (thousands) 4,423 5,049 5,697 6,376 7,110 7,247 7,387 7,543 urban population (per cent) 40.0 45.3 50.5 55.7 60.4 61.2 62.1 62.9 Current GNP per capita (US$) 340 720 1160 760 890 1010 1170 1230 Labor force (thousands) 1,157 1,340 1,571 1,862 2,187 2,251 2,317 2,384 Female participation (per cent) 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.7 15.0 15.3 15.6 15.9 GDP at constant market prices GDP (US$ million) 2,184 3,345 4,240 4,588 5,493 5,545 5,975 6,151 Share in GDP Agriculture 27.6 20.9 20.0 20.3 16.0 16.5 16.2 15.8 Industry 23.7 29.2 28.4 26.2 24.6 23.5 24.6 24.2 Manufacturing 15.4 15.7 15.3 13.7 12.5 12.3 12.9 12.6 Services 48.6 49.9 51.6 53.5 59.4 60.1 59.2 60.0 School enrollment ratio Primary 100 104 118 126 .. -
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Higher School of Management Sciences Annaba A Course of Business English for 1st year Preparatory Class Students Elaborated by: Dr GUERID Fethi The author has taught this module for 4 years from the academic year 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 Academic Year 2020/2021 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents...………………………………………………………….….I Acknowelegments……………………………………………………………....II Aim of the Course……………………………………………………………..III Lesson 1: English Tenses………………………………………………………..5 Lesson 2: Organizations………………………………………………………..13 Lesson 3: Production…………………………………………………………...18 Lesson 4: Distribution channels: Wholesale and Retail………………………..22 Lesson 5: Marketing …………………………………………………………...25 Lesson 6: Advertising …………………………………………………………28 Lesson 7: Conditional Sentences………………………………………………32 Lesson 8: Accounting1…………………………………………………………35 Lesson 9: Money and Work……………………………………………………39 Lesson 10: Types of Business Ownership……………………………………..43 Lesson 11: Passive voice……………………………………………………….46 Lesson 12: Management……………………………………………………….50 SUPPORTS: 1- Grammatical support: List of Irregular Verbs of English………..54 2- List of Currencies of the World………………………………….66 3- Business English Terminology in English and French………….75 References and Further Reading…………………………………………….89 I 2 Acknowledgments I am grateful to my teaching colleagues who preceded me in teaching this business English module at our school. This contribution is an addition to their efforts. I am thankful to Mrs Benghomrani Naziha, who has contributed before in designing English programmes to different levels, years and classes at Annaba Higher School of Management Sciences. I am also grateful to the administrative staff for their support. II 3 Aim of the Course The course aims is to equip 1st year students with the needed skills in business English to help them succeed in their study of economics and business and master English to be used at work when they finish the study. -
Qatar Diplomatic Crisis - the Continuing Impact
Client Alert 13 July 2017 CONTACT US | FEEDBACK | FORWARD | WEBSITE UPDATE: Qatar Diplomatic Crisis - The continuing impact The political and economic boycott of Qatar, which began on 5 June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt cut diplomatic ties with Qatar and moved to close off access to the Gulf country, continue to have a significant impact on international trade in the Middle East. Since our previous alerts on 7 June 2017 and 12 June 2017 the following developments have occurred: 1. Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt issued a 13-point list of demands to Qatar on 22 June, which included curbing diplomatic ties with Iran, severing all ties with "terrorist organisations", closing the Al Jazeera television network, terminating the joint military cooperation with Turkey, aligning itself with other Gulf and Arab countries' policies, and consenting to audits and annual compliance monitoring. The demands were delivered to Kuwait, which was acting as mediator of the crisis, and Qatar was given 10 days to comply. On 2 July, the boycotting countries agreed to extend the deadline by two days at the request of Kuwait. 2. On 3 July, Qatar responded to the demands but no specific details were publicly released. The Qatari foreign minister said that the demands were not aimed at tackling terrorism but at curtailing Qatar's sovereignty, and were impossible to meet. 3. On 5 July, the foreign ministers of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt met in Cairo to consider Qatar's response and discuss the future of the crisis. -
Currency Codes COP Colombian Peso KWD Kuwaiti Dinar RON Romanian Leu
Global Wire is an available payment method for the currencies listed below. This list is subject to change at any time. Currency Codes COP Colombian Peso KWD Kuwaiti Dinar RON Romanian Leu ALL Albanian Lek KMF Comoros Franc KGS Kyrgyzstan Som RUB Russian Ruble DZD Algerian Dinar CDF Congolese Franc LAK Laos Kip RWF Rwandan Franc AMD Armenian Dram CRC Costa Rican Colon LSL Lesotho Malati WST Samoan Tala AOA Angola Kwanza HRK Croatian Kuna LBP Lebanese Pound STD Sao Tomean Dobra AUD Australian Dollar CZK Czech Koruna LT L Lithuanian Litas SAR Saudi Riyal AWG Arubian Florin DKK Danish Krone MKD Macedonia Denar RSD Serbian Dinar AZN Azerbaijan Manat DJF Djibouti Franc MOP Macau Pataca SCR Seychelles Rupee BSD Bahamian Dollar DOP Dominican Peso MGA Madagascar Ariary SLL Sierra Leonean Leone BHD Bahraini Dinar XCD Eastern Caribbean Dollar MWK Malawi Kwacha SGD Singapore Dollar BDT Bangladesh Taka EGP Egyptian Pound MVR Maldives Rufi yaa SBD Solomon Islands Dollar BBD Barbados Dollar EUR EMU Euro MRO Mauritanian Olguiya ZAR South African Rand BYR Belarus Ruble ERN Eritrea Nakfa MUR Mauritius Rupee SRD Suriname Dollar BZD Belize Dollar ETB Ethiopia Birr MXN Mexican Peso SEK Swedish Krona BMD Bermudian Dollar FJD Fiji Dollar MDL Maldavian Lieu SZL Swaziland Lilangeni BTN Bhutan Ngultram GMD Gambian Dalasi MNT Mongolian Tugrik CHF Swiss Franc BOB Bolivian Boliviano GEL Georgian Lari MAD Moroccan Dirham LKR Sri Lankan Rupee BAM Bosnia & Herzagovina GHS Ghanian Cedi MZN Mozambique Metical TWD Taiwan New Dollar BWP Botswana Pula GTQ Guatemalan Quetzal -
Impact of Exchange Rate on Trade Deficit and Foreign Exchange Reserve in Nepal: an Empirical Analysis
© 2018 Nepal Rastra Bank NRB Working Paper No. 43 March 2018 Impact of Exchange Rate on Trade Deficit and Foreign Exchange Reserve in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis# Deepak Adhikari * ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of exchange rate on trade deficit and foreign exchange reserve in Nepal. These are essential variables for external sector stability. Ordinary least squares (OLS) method is applied by making data stationary. Empirical results show that one percentage point depreciation of the Nepalese rupee (NPR) with respect to US dollar results in an increase in reserve by 0.82 percentage points and decline in trade deficit by 6.75 percentage point. Considering the volatility and fragility in the Nepalese external sector, the government and central bank could use the exchange rate policy to some extent to correct trade deficit and maintain adequate foreign exchange reserve for strengthening external sector. JEL Classification: E49, F31 Key Words: Exchange Rate, Trade Deficit, Foreign Exchange Reserve. # I owe my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Surendra Sundararajan, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Dr. Prakash Kumar Shrestha, Director, Nepal Rastra Bank and Mr. Suman Neupane, Deputy Director, Nepal Rastra Bank for their valuable comments and suggestions in the preparation of this paper. * Assistant Director, Nepal Rastra Bank. Email: [email protected] Impact of Exchange Rate on Trade Deficit and Foreign Exchange Reserve in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis NRBWP43 I. INTRODUCTION Exchange rate is a key variable in the international trade. It is the price of domestic currency in relation to foreign currency, i.e., it is the price at which domestic currency is converted into foreign currency or vice versa (Gillis, et.al., 1996). -
When Christopher Columbus Came Ashore in 1492, He Wrote in His Diary
When Christopher Columbus came ashore in 1492, he wrote in his diary, “This is the most beautiful land that human eyes have seen.” He would leave members of his family behind to colonize the island and would return to it after venturing throughout the Caribbean. In his will, he asked to be buried in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It was to this island a group of 22, mostly graduate nursing students and faculty from University of San Diego (www.sandiego.edu) , along with one dentist, would travel as a mission endeavor, to improve the health of school children of a rural school. Excitement ran high as the emails & gmails flashed back and forth, final arranges were gelling into a final plan. Were we actually going to the Caribbean? Over six months in the planning, and after 8 prior visits to La Republica Dominicana (Dominican Republic in English, indigenous Taino Indians called it Quisqueya), the trip was finally coming to fruition. It was decided that now was the time to include dental care in the overall plan to help the needy families far into the mountainous area near the international border with Haiti. Destination, El Cercado, to work at the school, Fe y Alegria (“Faith and Gladness”); the goal, examine students and their families in health screening as well as undertake a couple of research projects, one having to do with new techniques for diagnosing diabetes compared to traditional methods. But after having seen the severe need in oral disease, this was the year to begin inclusion of emergency dental care. -
Crown Agents Bank's Currency Capabilities
Crown Agents Bank’s Currency Capabilities August 2020 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Majors Australia Australian Dollar AUD ✓ ✓ - - M Canada Canadian Dollar CAD ✓ ✓ - - M Denmark Danish Krone DKK ✓ ✓ - - M Europe European Euro EUR ✓ ✓ - - M Japan Japanese Yen JPY ✓ ✓ - - M New Zealand New Zealand Dollar NZD ✓ ✓ - - M Norway Norwegian Krone NOK ✓ ✓ - - M Singapore Singapore Dollar SGD ✓ ✓ - - E Sweden Swedish Krona SEK ✓ ✓ - - M Switzerland Swiss Franc CHF ✓ ✓ - - M United Kingdom British Pound GBP ✓ ✓ - - M United States United States Dollar USD ✓ ✓ - - M Africa Angola Angolan Kwanza AOA ✓* - - - F Benin West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Botswana Botswana Pula BWP ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Burkina Faso West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cameroon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F C.A.R. Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Chad Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Cote D’Ivoire West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F DR Congo Congolese Franc CDF ✓ - - ✓ F Congo (Republic) Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Egypt Egyptian Pound EGP ✓ ✓ - - F Equatorial Guinea Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Eswatini Swazi Lilangeni SZL ✓ ✓ - - F Ethiopia Ethiopian Birr ETB ✓ ✓ N/A - F 1 Country Currency Code Foreign Exchange RTGS ACH Mobile Payments E/M/F Africa Gabon Central African Franc XAF ✓ ✓ ✓ - F Gambia Gambian Dalasi GMD ✓ - - - F Ghana Ghanaian Cedi GHS ✓ ✓ - ✓ F Guinea Guinean Franc GNF ✓ - ✓ - F Guinea-Bissau West African Franc XOF ✓ ✓ - - F Kenya Kenyan Shilling KES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ F Lesotho Lesotho Loti LSL ✓ ✓ - - E Liberia Liberian -
3 History of Dollarization in Liberia23 1. Dollarization Can
3 History of Dollarization in Liberia23 1. Dollarization can be caused by a number of factors, including: (i) political instability and conflict; (ii) economic and financial instability; (iii) institutional arrangements, e.g. by according legal tender status to the foreign currency; and (iv) large donor flows. 2. The use of a foreign currency in an economy can lead to different types of dollarization. Bogetić (2000) defines full or official dollarization as a complete monetary union with a foreign country from which a country imports currency, making the foreign currency full legal tender and reducing its own currency, if any, to a subsidiary role. According to Baliño, Bennett, and Borensztein (1999), partial or unofficial dollarization occurs when residents hold a large share of their financial wealth in assets denominated in a foreign currency, even though that currency lacks the legal tender privileges of the domestic currency. Three types of dollarization are commonly identified: (i) financial dollarization: the substitution of local currency assets or liabilities for foreign currency assets or liabilities; (ii) transactions dollarization: the use of foreign currency for transactions; and (iii) real dollarization: the use of foreign currency for denominating prices and wages. All of these are present in Liberia, which is officially a dual currency regime with the Liberian dollar and U.S. dollar both being legal tender.4 While either currency can be used for any transaction, most economic activity takes place in U.S. dollars, including the payment of taxes and government expenditures. Currencies issued by other countries circulate freely in Liberia and bank accounts with Liberian banks can be maintained in them, but they are not legal tender.5 3. -
View Currency List
Currency List business.westernunion.com.au CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING Africa Asia continued Middle East Algerian Dinar – DZD Laos Kip – LAK Bahrain Dinar – BHD Angola Kwanza – AOA Macau Pataca – MOP Israeli Shekel – ILS Botswana Pula – BWP Malaysian Ringgit – MYR Jordanian Dinar – JOD Burundi Franc – BIF Maldives Rufiyaa – MVR Kuwaiti Dinar – KWD Cape Verde Escudo – CVE Nepal Rupee – NPR Lebanese Pound – LBP Central African States – XOF Pakistan Rupee – PKR Omani Rial – OMR Central African States – XAF Philippine Peso – PHP Qatari Rial – QAR Comoros Franc – KMF Singapore Dollar – SGD Saudi Arabian Riyal – SAR Djibouti Franc – DJF Sri Lanka Rupee – LKR Turkish Lira – TRY Egyptian Pound – EGP Taiwanese Dollar – TWD UAE Dirham – AED Eritrea Nakfa – ERN Thai Baht – THB Yemeni Rial – YER Ethiopia Birr – ETB Uzbekistan Sum – UZS North America Gambian Dalasi – GMD Vietnamese Dong – VND Canadian Dollar – CAD Ghanian Cedi – GHS Oceania Mexican Peso – MXN Guinea Republic Franc – GNF Australian Dollar – AUD United States Dollar – USD Kenyan Shilling – KES Fiji Dollar – FJD South and Central America, The Caribbean Lesotho Malati – LSL New Zealand Dollar – NZD Argentine Peso – ARS Madagascar Ariary – MGA Papua New Guinea Kina – PGK Bahamian Dollar – BSD Malawi Kwacha – MWK Samoan Tala – WST Barbados Dollar – BBD Mauritanian Ouguiya – MRO Solomon Islands Dollar –