A. Glacial Landform Matching B. Glacial Landform Photo & Map Exercise
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Ice on the Rocks: a Glacier Shapes the Land
Title Advance Preparation Ice on the Rocks: A Glacier Shapes the 1. Place rocks and sand in each bowl and add Land 2.5 cm of water. Allow the sand to settle, and freeze the contents solid. Later, add water until Investigative Question the bowls are nearly full and again freeze What are glaciers and how did they change the solid. These are the "glaciers" for part 1. landscape of Illinois? 2. Assemble the other materials. You may wish to do parts 1 and 3 in a laboratory setting Overview or out-of-doors because these activities are Students learn how glaciers, through abrasion, likely to be messy. transportation, and deposition, change the 3. Copy the student pages. surfaces over which they flow. Introducing the Activity Objective Hold up a square, normal-sized ice cube. Next Students conduct simulations and demonstrate to it hold up a toothpick that is as tall as the what a glacier does and how it can change the cube is thick. Ask students to picture the tallest landscape. building in Chicago, the Sears Tower. If the toothpick represents the Sears Tower, the ice Materials cube represents a glacier. The Sears Tower is Introductory activity: an ice cube and a about as tall as a glacier was thick! That was toothpick. the Wisconsinan glacier that was over 400 Part 1. For each group of five students: two meters thick and covered what is now the city plastic 1- or 2-qt. bowls; several small, of Chicago! irregularly shaped rocks or pebbles; a handful of coarse sand; a common, unglazed brick or a Procedure masonry brick (washed and cleaned); several Part 1 flat paving stones (limestone); water; access to 1. -
Diagnosing Ice Sheet Grounding Line Stability from Landform Morphology
Supplementary Information: Diagnosing ice sheet grounding line stability from landform morphology Lauren M. Simkins1, Sarah L. Greenwood2, John B. Anderson1 5 1 Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 2 Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden *Equal contributions Correspondence to: Lauren M. Simkins ([email protected]) 1 Supplementary Methods 10 Grounding line landforms were mapped into three groups including grounding zone wedges, recessional moraines, and crevasse squeeze ridges in ArcGIS using NBP1502A and legacy multibeam data collected aboard the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer. Landforms displaying asymmetric morphologies and smeared surficial appearances resulting from relatively broad stoss widths (compared to lee widths) were interpreted as grounding zone wedges, whereas symmetric, quasi-linear landforms with regular spacing were interpreted as recessional moraines. Identified landforms are within fields of like 15 landforms. Within one field of recessional moraines, erratically shaped landforms with variable orientations and irregular amplitudes that are generally greater than that of the recessional moraines were interpreted as crevasse squeeze ridges. Morphometrics for grounding zone wedges and recessional moraines were generated from transects across landforms using the ‘findpeaks’ function in Matlab. Measured properties include (1) amplitude measured from landform crestlines, (2) width in the along-flow direction, (3) spacing between adjacent landform peaks, and (4) asymmetry measured as the ratio of offset 20 between the peak location and the half width point, where a landform with a value of 0 has a peak directly above the half width point and is classified as symmetric and a landform with an asymmetry of 1 has a peak furthest from the half width point and displays the most pronounced asymmetry. -
Minnesota Geological Survey LIBRARY Minnesota Gemogical Survey LIBRARY
Minnesota Geological Survey LIBRARY Minnesota Gemogical Survey LIBRARY _ESOlA GEOlOGICAL SURVEY UNIVERSlTY OF Mlm·IES(;iA MIHNEAPOUS" MINNESOTA 55455 THE LAKES OF MINNESOTA THEIR ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION • Looking east from the west end of lVlica Bay. an arm of 'amakan Lake In northwestern St. Louis County. (Photograph by the author.) UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY G. M. SCHWARTZ, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 35 The Lakes of Minnesota THEIR ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION BY JAMES H. ZUMBERGE Minnesota Geo~gica' Survey LIBRARY MIN N E A POL IS· 195~ THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PRESS To the memory of FRANK LEVERETT a pioneer in Minnesota glacial geology FOREWORD The most distinctive features of the surface of Minnesota are the thou sands of lakes scattered irregularly over the state. Even casual observa tion reveals the fact that these lakes vary greatly in their character. This means that they have been formed in different ways closely related to the geologic history of the region. There are scattered references to the origin of specific lakes particularly in the Annual Reports and the volumes of the Final Reports of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. There has been, however, a lack of any single sys tematic treatment of the geologic factors involved in the formation of the lakes. It is evident that such a geologic basis is desirable for all scientific and practical work on the lakes which form such a valuable resource. For this reason Dr. Zumberge was supported in his field work by funds allotted by the University of Minnesota to the Minnesota Geological Survey, a unit in the College of Science, Literature, and the Arts. -
Dating Glacial Landforms I: Archival, Incremental, Relative Dating Techniques and Age- Equivalent Stratigraphic Markers
TREATISE ON GEOMORPHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION. Editor: Umesh Haritashya CRYOSPHERIC GEOMORPHOLOGY: Dating Glacial Landforms I: archival, incremental, relative dating techniques and age- equivalent stratigraphic markers Bethan J. Davies1* 1Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX *[email protected] Manuscript Code: 40019 Abstract Combining glacial geomorphology and understanding the glacial process with geochronological tools is a powerful method for understanding past ice-mass response to climate change. These data are critical if we are to comprehend ice mass response to external drivers of change and better predict future change. This chapter covers key concepts relating to the dating of glacial landforms, including absolute and relative dating techniques, direct and indirect dating, precision and accuracy, minimum and maximum ages, and quality assurance protocols. The chapter then covers the dating of glacial landforms using archival methods (documents, paintings, topographic maps, aerial photographs, satellite images), relative stratigraphies (morphostratigraphy, Schmidt hammer dating, amino acid racemization), incremental methods that mark the passage of time (lichenometry, dendroglaciology, varve records), and age-equivalent stratigraphic markers (tephrochronology, palaeomagnetism, biostratigraphy). When used together with radiometric techniques, these methods allow glacier response to climate change to be characterized across the Quaternary, with resolutions from annual to thousands of years, and timespans applicable over the last few years, decades, centuries, millennia and millions of years. All dating strategies must take place within a geomorphological and sedimentological framework that seeks to comprehend glacier processes, depositional pathways and post-depositional processes, and dating techniques must be used with knowledge of their key assumptions, best-practice guidelines and limitations. -
November 1960 I Believe That the Major Exports of Antarctica Are Scientific Data
JIET L S. Antarctic Projects OfficerI November 1960 I believe that the major exports of Antarctica are scientific data. Certainly that is true now and I think it will be true for a long time and I think these data may turn out to be of vastly, more value to all mankind than all of the mineral riches of the continent and the life of the seas that surround it. The Polar Regions in Their Relation to Human Affairs, by Laurence M. Gould (Bow- man Memorial Lectures, Series Four), The American Geographiql Society, New York, 1958 page 29.. I ITOJ TJM II IU1viBEt 3 IToveber 1960 CONTENTS 1 The First Month 1 Air Operations 2 Ship Oper&tions 3 Project MAGNET NAF McMurdo Sounds October Weather 4 4 DEEP FREEZE 62 Volunteers Solicited A DAY AT TEE SOUTH POLE STATION, by Paul A Siple 5 in Antarctica 8 International Cooperation 8 Foreign Observer Exchange Program 9 Scientific Exchange Program NavyPrograrn 9 Argentine Navy-U.S. Station Cooperation 9 10 Other Programs 10 Worlds Largest Aircraft in Antarctic Operation 11 ANTARCTICA, by Emil Schulthess The Antarctic Treaty 11 11 USNS PRIVATE FRANIC 3. FETRARCA (TAK-250) 1961 Scientific Leaders 12 NAAF Little Rockford Reopened 13 13 First Flight to Hallett Station 14 Simmer Operations Begin at South Pole First DEEP FREEZE 61 Airdrop 14 15 DEEP FREEZE 61 Cargo Antarctic Real Estate 15 Antarctic Chronology,. 1960-61 16 The 'AuuOiA vises to t):iank Di * ?a]. A, Siple for his artj.ole Wh.4b begins n page 5 Matera1 for other sections of bhis issue was drawn from radio messages and fran information provided bY the DepBr1nozrt of State the Nat0na1 Academy , of Soienoes the NatgnA1 Science Fouxidation the Office 6f NAval Re- search, and the U, 3, Navy Hydziograpbio Offioe, Tiis, issue of tie 3n oovers: i16, aótivitiès o events 11 Novóiber The of the Uxitéd States. -
Navionics Hotmaps Platinum Sonarcharttm Shading Coverage
Navionics HotMaps Platinum 5/29/2019 SonarChartTM Shading Coverage Map State Lake Name County detail Alabama Bankhead Lake Jefferson HD Alabama Big Creek Lake Mobile HD Alabama Dallas County Lake Dallas Public Alabama Demopolis Greene HD Alabama Gantt Lake Covington HD Alabama Guntersville Lake Marshall HD Alabama H Neely Henry Lake Saint Clair HD Alabama Holt Reservoir Tuscaloosa HD Alabama Joe Wheeler Reservoir Limestone HD Alabama Jordan Lake Elmore HD Alabama Lay Lake Talladega HD Alabama Lewis Smith Lake Walker HD Alabama Logan Martin Lake Talladega HD Alabama Martin Lake Tallapoosa HD Alabama Mitchell Lake Coosa HD Alabama Pickwick Lake Colbert HD Alabama Point A Lake Covington HD Alabama Tennessee River Lauderdale HD Alabama Tuscaloosa Lake Tuscaloosa HD Alabama W F Jackson Lake Covington HD Alabama Walter F. George Reservoir (Eufaula) Barbour HD Alabama Wedowee Randolph HD Alabama Weiss Lake Cherokee HD Alabama William 'Bill' Dannelly Reservoir Wilcox HD Alabama Wilson Lake Colbert HD Arizona Alamo Lake La Paz HD Arizona Apache Lake Maricopa HD Arizona Bartlett Reservoir Maricopa HD Arizona Canyon Lake Maricopa HD Arizona Mead Mohave HD Arizona Mohave Mohave HD Arizona Pleasant Maricopa HD Arizona Saguaro Lake Maricopa HD Arizona Theodore Roosevelt Lake Gila HD Arizona Topock Marsh Mohave Public Arkansas Arkansas River Arkansas HD Arkansas Beaver Lake Benton HD Arkansas Bull Shoals Lake Marion HD Arkansas Chicot Chicot HD Arkansas Dardanelle Logan HD Arkansas De Gray Lake Clark HD Arkansas Greers Ferry Lake Cleburne HD Arkansas Greeson Pike HD Arkansas Hamilton Garland HD Arkansas Maumelle Pulaski HD Arkansas Nimrod Lake Yell HD Arkansas Norfork Lake Baxter HD Arkansas Ouachita Garland HD California Almanor Plumas HD California Berryessa Lake Napa HD California Cachuma Lake Santa Barbara HD California Casitas Lake Ventura HD California Castaic Lagoon Los Angeles Public Some lakes may have partial coverage. -
1 Region 1 – Western US
^ = Partial Bathymetric Coverage ! = New to/updated in 2011 blue = Vision Coverage * = Detailed Shoreline Only Region 1 – Western US Lake Name State County French Meadows Reservoir CA Placer Alamo Lake AZ La Paz Goose Lake CA Modoc * Bartlett Reservoir AZ Maricopa Harry L Englebright Lake CA Yuba Blue Ridge Reservoir AZ Coconino Hell Hole Reservoir CA Placer Horseshoe Reservoir AZ Yavapai Hensley Lake CA Madera Lake Havasu AZ/CA Various * Huntington Lake CA Fresno Lake Mohave AZ/NV Various Ice House Reservoir CA El Dorado Lake Pleasant AZ Yavapai/Maricopa Indian Valley Reservoir CA Lake Lower Lake Mary AZ Coconino * Jackson Meadow Reservoir CA Sierra San Carlos Reservoir AZ Various * Jenkinson Lake CA El Dorado Sunrise Lake AZ Apache Lake Almanor CA Plumas * Theodore Roosevelt Lake AZ Gila Lake Berryessa CA Napa Upper Lake Mary AZ Coconino Lake Britton CA Shasta Antelop Valley Reservoir CA Plumas ^ Lake Cachuma CA Santa Barbara Barrett Lake CA San Deigo Lake Casitas CA Ventura Beardsley Lake CA Tuolumne Lake Del Valle CA Alameda Black Butte Lake CA Glenn Lake Isabella CA Kern Briones Reservoir CA Contra Costa Lake Jennings CA San Deigo Bullards Bar Reservoir CA Yuba Lake Kaweah CA Tulare Camanche Reservoir CA Various Lake McClure CA Mariposa Caples Lake CA Alpine Lake Natoma CA Sacramento Castaic Lake CA Los Angeles Lake of the Pines CA Nevada Castle Lake CA Siskiyou Lake Oroville CA Butte ^ Clear Lake CA Lake Lake Piru CA Ventura ^ Clear Lake Reservoir CA Modoc * Lake Shasta CA Shasta Cogswell Reservoir CA Los Angeles Lake Sonoma CA -
Contents List of Illustrations
STATE OF MICHIGAN Deltas..................................................................... 41 MICHIGAN GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Distributaries.......................................................... 42 Lake deposits ........................................................ 42 Publication 12. Geological Series 9. CHAPTER IV. Physical Geography (Continued). .......44 GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON WAYNE COUNTY Surface drainage..........................................................44 BY Stream development ............................................. 44 W. H. SHERZER. Drainage systems.................................................. 45 Lakes, ponds, swamps and drains ........................ 54 PUBLISHED AS A PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Soils and subsoils. .......................................................55 BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1911. General characteristics.......................................... 55 LANSING, MICHIGAN Clay soils ............................................................... 55 WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS Sand and gravel soils ............................................ 56 1913 Loam...................................................................... 57 Silt.......................................................................... 58 Contents Muck ...................................................................... 58 Amelioration of soils .............................................. 59 CHAPTER I. Geographical and Historical CHAPTER V. Physical geography (Continued)..........61 -
Alphabetical Glossary of Geomorphology
International Association of Geomorphologists Association Internationale des Géomorphologues ALPHABETICAL GLOSSARY OF GEOMORPHOLOGY Version 1.0 Prepared for the IAG by Andrew Goudie, July 2014 Suggestions for corrections and additions should be sent to [email protected] Abime A vertical shaft in karstic (limestone) areas Ablation The wasting and removal of material from a rock surface by weathering and erosion, or more specifically from a glacier surface by melting, erosion or calving Ablation till Glacial debris deposited when a glacier melts away Abrasion The mechanical wearing down, scraping, or grinding away of a rock surface by friction, ensuing from collision between particles during their transport in wind, ice, running water, waves or gravity. It is sometimes termed corrosion Abrasion notch An elongated cliff-base hollow (typically 1-2 m high and up to 3m recessed) cut out by abrasion, usually where breaking waves are armed with rock fragments Abrasion platform A smooth, seaward-sloping surface formed by abrasion, extending across a rocky shore and often continuing below low tide level as a broad, very gently sloping surface (plain of marine erosion) formed by long-continued abrasion Abrasion ramp A smooth, seaward-sloping segment formed by abrasion on a rocky shore, usually a few meters wide, close to the cliff base Abyss Either a deep part of the ocean or a ravine or deep gorge Abyssal hill A small hill that rises from the floor of an abyssal plain. They are the most abundant geomorphic structures on the planet Earth, covering more than 30% of the ocean floors Abyssal plain An underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. -
Subsurface Geology of the Finger Lakes Region Henry T
1 SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE FINGER LAKES REGION HENRY T. MULLINS, ROBERT W. WELLNER, JOHN L. PETRUCCIONE, EDWARD J. HINCHEY and STEVEN WANZER Department of Geology Syracuse University Syracuse, New York 13244 INTRODUCTION The Finger Lakes of central New York State (Fig. 1) have long been recognized as the product of continental glaciation. In 1868 Louis Agassiz spoke of the "glacial heritage" of the region (Coates, 1968) and since then numerous glacial geomorphic investigations have been undertaken (Mullins et al., 1989) . However, most previous studies dealt with surficial features and because of this relatively little was known about the subsurface Quaternary geology of these world renown lakes. That the Finger Lakes are deeply scoured and infilled by thick sediment sequences was known from bathymetric surveys of the lakes completed in the late 1800's (Bloomfield, 1978), a drill record of 1,080' (329m) of unconsolidated sediment at Watkins Glen (Tarr, 1904), and the publication of a line drawing of one seismic reflection profile from Seneca Lake (Woodrow et al., 1969). This paucity of subsurface geologic data has been a major void in our knowledge and understanding of the geologic history of the Finger Lakes. Many questions remained unresolved including the most fundamental -- "When and by what processes were the great Finger Lakes troughs eroded?" (Bloom, 1984, p. 61). Based on the one seismic reflection profile from Seneca Lake, Bloom (1984) noted that bedrock beneath the lake floor was more V-shaped like that of a river valley rather than the expected U-shaped glacial trough, and that there had been multiple erosional and depositional events. -
New Evidence of a Post-Laurentide Local Cirque Glacier on Mount Washington, New Hampshire Ian T
Bates College SCARAB Honors Theses Capstone Projects Winter 12-2012 New Evidence of a Post-Laurentide Local Cirque Glacier on Mount Washington, New Hampshire Ian T. Dulin Bates College, [email protected] Brian K. Fowler [email protected] Timothy L. Cook Bates College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses Recommended Citation Dulin, Ian T.; Fowler, Brian K.; and Cook, Timothy L., "New Evidence of a Post-Laurentide Local Cirque Glacier on Mount Washington, New Hampshire" (2012). Honors Theses. 20. http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/20 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Capstone Projects at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW EVIDENCE OF A POST-LAURENTIDE LOCAL CIRQUE GLACIER ON MOUNT WASHINGTON, NEW HAMPSHIRE An Honors Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Geology Bates College In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Degree of Bachelors of Science By Ian T. Dulin Lewiston, Maine March, 2011 Acknowledgements First I’d like to thank Brian Fowler, without whom this project would not have been possible. Brian’s passion for geology really made this project enjoyable and he has been amazing to work with. I really hope we can continue to work together in the future. I’d also like to thank Tim Cook for his valuable guidance and feedback throughout the entire project. Tim’s love of geology is evident in the way he teaches. -
Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms: Modern, Quaternary and Ancient the Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee
Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms: Modern, Quaternary and Ancient The Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee Chief Editor Rick Law (USA) Society Books Editors Jim Griffiths (UK) Dave Hodgson (UK) Phil Leat (UK) Nick Richardson (UK) Daniela Schmidt (UK) Randell Stephenson (UK) Rob Strachan (UK) Mark Whiteman (UK) Society Books Advisors Ghulam Bhat (India) Marie-Franc¸oise Brunet (France) Anne-Christine Da Silva (Belgium) Jasper Knight (South Africa) Mario Parise (Italy) Satish-Kumar (Japan) Virginia Toy (New Zealand) Marco Vecoli (Saudi Arabia) Geological Society books refereeing procedures The Society makes every effort to ensure that the scientific and production quality of its books matches that of its journals. Since 1997, all book proposals have been refereed by specialist reviewers as well as by the Society’s Books Editorial Committee. If the referees identify weaknesses in the proposal, these must be addressed before the proposal is accepted. Once the book is accepted, the Society Book Editors ensure that the volume editors follow strict guidelines on refereeing and quality control. We insist that individual papers can only be accepted after satisfactory review by two independent referees. The questions on the review forms are similar to those for Journal of the Geological Society. The referees’ forms and comments must be available to the Society’s Book Editors on request. Although many of the books result from meetings, the editors are expected to commission papers that were not presented at the meeting to ensure that the book provides a balanced coverage of the subject. Being accepted for presentation at the meeting does not guarantee inclusion in the book.