Prosodic Structures of Different Japanese Dialects and the Universality of the Syllable
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Phonology of Sino-Japanese Morphemes
University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics Volume 13 University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers Volume 13 Article 10 1990 Phonology of Sino-Japanese Morphemes Koichi Tateishi University of Massachusetts, Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/umop Part of the Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Tateishi, Koichi (1990) "Phonology of Sino-Japanese Morphemes," University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 13 , Article 10. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/umop/vol13/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tateishi: Phonology of Sino-Japanese Morphemes PHONOLOGY OF SINO-JAPANESE MORPHEHES* Koichi Tateishi University of Massachusetts, Amherst O. Introduction Japanese has four major classes of morphemes-Yamato (those whose origin can not be detected neither in foreign languages nor in mimetic morphemes), Sino Japanese (borrowings from non-modern Chinese dialects), foreign (borrowings from non-Chinese languages), and mimetic (onomatopoeia, idiophonic morphemes). Works by McCawley (1968) among others assume four fairly modular classes of morphemes for them which have distinct though partially overlapping phonemic inventories. It just This paper is 8 revised vertdtm of a paper I wrot.e in March. 19S6, aasically. I kept. intact basic claims and discussions of the $0 only changes I made te the earlier version Are dispositional. In the earlier of writing this paper. disctls- $lons with Junko Ito, Jol1n HcCarthy. and Elisabeth were invaluable. -
2 Mora and Syllable
2 Mora and Syllable HARUO KUBOZONO 0 Introduction In his classical typological study Trubetzkoy (1969) proposed that natural languages fall into two groups, “mora languages” and “syllable languages,” according to the smallest prosodic unit that is used productively in that lan- guage. Tokyo Japanese is classified as a “mora” language whereas Modern English is supposed to be a “syllable” language. The mora is generally defined as a unit of duration in Japanese (Bloch 1950), where it is used to measure the length of words and utterances. The three words in (1), for example, are felt by native speakers of Tokyo Japanese as having the same length despite the different number of syllables involved. In (1) and the rest of this chapter, mora boundaries are marked by hyphens /-/, whereas syllable boundaries are marked by dots /./. All syllable boundaries are mora boundaries, too, although not vice versa.1 (1) a. to-o-kyo-o “Tokyo” b. a-ma-zo-n “Amazon” too.kyoo a.ma.zon c. a-me-ri-ka “America” a.me.ri.ka The notion of “mora” as defined in (1) is equivalent to what Pike (1947) called a “phonemic syllable,” whereas “syllable” in (1) corresponds to what he referred to as a “phonetic syllable.” Pike’s choice of terminology as well as Trubetzkoy’s classification may be taken as implying that only the mora is relevant in Japanese phonology and morphology. Indeed, the majority of the literature emphasizes the importance of the mora while essentially downplaying the syllable (e.g. Sugito 1989, Poser 1990, Tsujimura 1996b). This symbolizes the importance of the mora in Japanese, but it remains an open question whether the syllable is in fact irrelevant in Japanese and, if not, what role this second unit actually plays in the language. -
A Student Model of Katakana Reading Proficiency for a Japanese Language Intelligent Tutoring System
A Student Model of Katakana Reading Proficiency for a Japanese Language Intelligent Tutoring System Anthony A. Maciejewski Yun-Sun Kang School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Abstract--Thls work describes the development of a kanji. Due to the limited number of kana, their relatively low student model that Is used In a Japanese language visual complexity, and their systematic arrangement they do Intelligent tutoring system to assess a pupil's not represent a significant barrier to the student of Japanese. proficiency at reading one of the distinct In fact, the relatively small effort required to learn katakana orthographies of Japanese, known as k a t a k a n a , yields significant returns to readers of technical Japanese due to While the effort required to memorize the relatively the high incidence of terms derived from English and few k a t a k a n a symbols and their associated transliterated into katakana. pronunciations Is not prohibitive, a major difficulty In reading katakana Is associated with the phonetic This work describes the development of a system that is modifications which occur when English words used to automatically acquire knowledge about how English which are transliterated Into katakana are made to words are transliterated into katakana and then to use that conform to the more restrictive rules of Japanese information in developing a model of a student's proficiency in phonology. The algorithm described here Is able to reading katakana. This model is used to guide the instruction automatically acquire a knowledge base of these of the student using an intelligent tutoring system developed phonological transformation rules, use them to previously [6,8]. -
EFFECTS of ONLINE ORAL PRACTICE on JAPANESE PITCH ACCENTUATION ACQUISITION Mayu Miyamoto Purdue University
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations Spring 2014 EFFECTS OF ONLINE ORAL PRACTICE ON JAPANESE PITCH ACCENTUATION ACQUISITION Mayu Miyamoto Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Miyamoto, Mayu, "EFFECTS OF ONLINE ORAL PRACTICE ON JAPANESE PITCH ACCENTUATION ACQUISITION" (2014). Open Access Theses. 223. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/223 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School ETD Form 9 (Revised/) PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Mayu Miyamoto Entitled EFFECTS OF ONLINE ORAL PRACTICE ON JAPANESE PITCH ACCENTUATION ACQUISITION Master of Arts For the degree of Is approved by the final examining committee: Atsushi Fukada Mariko Moroishi Wei April Ginther To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the 7KHVLV'LVVHUWDWLRQ$JUHHPHQW 3XEOLFDWLRQ'HOD\DQGCHUWLILFDWLRQDisclaimer (Graduate School Form ), this thesis/dissertation DGKHUHVWRWKHSURYLVLRQVRIPurdue University’s “Policy on Integrity in Research” and the use of copyrighted material. Atsushi Fukada Approved by Major Professor(s): ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Approved by:Atsushi Fukada 04/22/2014 Head of the 'HSDUWPHQWGraduate Program Date EFFECTS OF ONLINE ORAL PRACTICE ON JAPANESE PITCH ACCENTUATION ACQUISITION A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Mayu Miyamoto In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts May 2014 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor and committee chair, Professor Atsushi Fukada, for his continuous support, encouragement, and advice throughout my career at Purdue University. -
LT3212 Phonetics Assignment 4 Mavis, Wong Chak Yin
LT3212 Phonetics Assignment 4 Mavis, Wong Chak Yin Essay Title: The sound system of Japanese This essay aims to introduce the sound system of Japanese, including the inventories of consonants, vowels, and diphthongs. The phonological variations of the sound segments in different phonetic environments are also included. For the illustration, word examples are given and they are presented in the following format: [IPA] (Romaji: “meaning”). Consonants In Japanese, there are 14 core consonants, and some of them have a lot of allophonic variations. The various types of consonants classified with respect to their manner of articulation are presented as follows. Stop Japanese has six oral stops or plosives, /p b t d k g/, which are classified into three place categories, bilabial, alveolar, and velar, as listed below. In each place category, there is a pair of plosives with the contrast in voicing. /p/ = a voiceless bilabial plosive [p]: [ippai] (ippai: “A cup of”) /b/ = a voiced bilabial plosive [b]: [baɴ] (ban: “Night”) /t/ = a voiceless alveolar plosive [t]: [oto̞ ːto̞ ] (ototo: “Brother”) /d/ = a voiced alveolar plosive [d]: [to̞ mo̞ datɕi] (tomodachi: “Friend”) /k/ = a voiceless velar plosive [k]: [kaiɰa] (kaiwa: “Conversation”) /g/ = a voiced velar plosive [g]: [ɡakɯβsai] (gakusai: “Student”) Phonetically, Japanese also has a glottal stop [ʔ] which is commonly produced to separate the neighboring vowels occurring in different syllables. This phonological phenomenon is known as ‘glottal stop insertion’. The glottal stop may be realized as a pause, which is used to indicate the beginning or the end of an utterance. For instance, the word “Japanese money” is actually pronounced as [ʔe̞ ɴ], instead of [je̞ ɴ], and the pronunciation of “¥15” is [dʑɯβːɡo̞ ʔe̞ ɴ]. -
SHS Idea Share Handbook 2013 SDC Idea Share Submissions Thank You to Everyone Who Contributed to This Year’S Idea Share
2013 ALT Skill Development Conference Kagoshima SHS Idea Share Handbook 2013 SDC Idea Share Submissions Thank you to everyone who contributed to this year’s idea share. The following ideas are presented in alphabetical order by surname. Both the JHS and SHS Idea Share Handbooks can be found online at www.kagoshimajet.com/team-teaching-tips/ Teacher: Takahiro Arimura BOE/School: Kinkowan High School Title: Whose name is on your forehead? Objective: Get used to the usage of relative nouns Grade Level: SHS Skill Focus: Speaking/ Grammar Summary: Have the students get into groups of 3 or 4 people. Give each student a piece of paper. Each student writes a person’s name on it (any person will be ok). Then, each student gives the piece of paper to the student to his or her left in the same group. In this case, they have to take care not to see the name of the person on the given piece of paper. They put the piece of paper on their forehead so that everyone else can see the name. They take turns to ask the other students for hints to find out whose name is on it. When asking, the question form must include relative clauses: Is this the person who~?; Is this the person whom~? and so on. The first student who has found out the name of the person on their forehead is the winner. Teacher: Terrance Brown BOE/School: Okuchi SHS Title: Sentence Hunt Objective: Review grammar patterns Grade Level: JHS/SHS Skill Focus: Reading/Writing/Speaking/Listening Summary: Before the class prepare a series of sentences that are either based around a grammar point or a format that you are looking to teach your students. -
Writing As Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-Language Literature
At the Intersection of Script and Literature: Writing as Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-language Literature Christopher J Lowy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2021 Reading Committee: Edward Mack, Chair Davinder Bhowmik Zev Handel Jeffrey Todd Knight Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Asian Languages and Literature ©Copyright 2021 Christopher J Lowy University of Washington Abstract At the Intersection of Script and Literature: Writing as Aesthetic in Modern and Contemporary Japanese-language Literature Christopher J Lowy Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Edward Mack Department of Asian Languages and Literature This dissertation examines the dynamic relationship between written language and literary fiction in modern and contemporary Japanese-language literature. I analyze how script and narration come together to function as a site of expression, and how they connect to questions of visuality, textuality, and materiality. Informed by work from the field of textual humanities, my project brings together new philological approaches to visual aspects of text in literature written in the Japanese script. Because research in English on the visual textuality of Japanese-language literature is scant, my work serves as a fundamental first-step in creating a new area of critical interest by establishing key terms and a general theoretical framework from which to approach the topic. Chapter One establishes the scope of my project and the vocabulary necessary for an analysis of script relative to narrative content; Chapter Two looks at one author’s relationship with written language; and Chapters Three and Four apply the concepts explored in Chapter One to a variety of modern and contemporary literary texts where script plays a central role. -
Illustration and the Visual Imagination in Modern Japanese Literature By
Eyes of the Heart: Illustration and the Visual Imagination in Modern Japanese Literature By Pedro Thiago Ramos Bassoe A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Japanese Literature in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Daniel O’Neill, Chair Professor Alan Tansman Professor Beate Fricke Summer 2018 © 2018 Pedro Thiago Ramos Bassoe All Rights Reserved Abstract Eyes of the Heart: Illustration and the Visual Imagination in Modern Japanese Literature by Pedro Thiago Ramos Bassoe Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Literature University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel O’Neill, Chair My dissertation investigates the role of images in shaping literary production in Japan from the 1880’s to the 1930’s as writers negotiated shifting relationships of text and image in the literary and visual arts. Throughout the Edo period (1603-1868), works of fiction were liberally illustrated with woodblock printed images, which, especially towards the mid-19th century, had become an essential component of most popular literature in Japan. With the opening of Japan’s borders in the Meiji period (1868-1912), writers who had grown up reading illustrated fiction were exposed to foreign works of literature that largely eschewed the use of illustration as a medium for storytelling, in turn leading them to reevaluate the role of image in their own literary tradition. As authors endeavored to produce a purely text-based form of fiction, modeled in part on the European novel, they began to reject the inclusion of images in their own work. -
Intonation in Ryukyuan: with Reference to Modality, Syntax, and Focus
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 10: Special Issue on Humanities of the lesser-known: New directions in the description, documentation and typology of endangered languages and musics. Editors: Niclas Burenhult, Arthur Holmer, Anastasia Karlsson, Håkan Lundström & Jan-Olof Svantesson Intonation in Ryukyuan: with reference to modality, syntax, and focus YASUKO NAGANO-MADSEN Cite this article: Yasuko Nagano-Madsen (2012). Intonation in Ryukyuan: with reference to modality, syntax, and focus. In Niclas Burenhult, Arthur Holmer, Anastasia Karlsson, Håkan Lundström & Jan-Olof Svantesson (eds) Language Documentation and Description, vol 10: Special Issue on Humanities of the lesser-known: New directions in the description, documentation and typology of endangered languages and musics. London: SOAS. pp. 177-207 Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/118 This electronic version first published: July 2014 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Terms of use: http://www.elpublishing.org/terms Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions Intonation in Ryukyuan: with reference to modality, syntax, and focus Yasuko Nagano-Madsen 1. Introduction1 Ryukyuan is a sister language to Japanese and is said to have branched from Proto-Japanese-Ryukuan. -
Language and Culture Chapter 10 ぶんか にほんご 文化・日本語 Culture Bunka/Nihongo
Language and Culture Chapter 10 ぶんか にほんご 文化・日本語 Culture Bunka/Nihongo ぶ ん か 文化 Bunka This section contains a brief overview of some aspects of Japanese culture that you ought to be aware of. If you would like to learn more about Japanese culture, there are a great many books on the subject. This overview is simply meant to help make your life in Japan a little bit easier. The best way to learn proper Japanese manners is to mimic those around you. Etiquette While Eating Like every other country, Japan has specific etiquette for mealtimes. When out to eat with Japanese friends or coworkers it is important to be aware of what is considered rude. いただきます itadakimasu. After sitting down to a meal, and just before beginning to eat, many Japanese will put their hands together, much like how Christians pray, and say itadakimasu. It is not actually a prayer, however, and literally translates as “I humbly receive this.” When out at a restaurant, it is not uncommon for the meals to come out as they are prepared, which may mean that you get your food before your companions, or they will get theirs first. Do not be surprised if they tell you to start eating or begin eating when the food comes. This is just Japanese custom. Generally before digging in you should say something like おさきにすみません osaki ni sumimasen, which means, “excuse me for going first.” They may urge you to eat. If this makes you uncomfortable it is perfectly ok to explain that in your culture you wait until everyone gets their food before eating, but they will not think ill of you for starting without them. -
Acta Linguistica Asiatica
Acta Linguistica Asiatica Volume 1, Number 3, December 2011 ACTA LINGUISTICA ASIATICA Volume 1, Number 3, December 2011 Editors : Andrej Bekeš, Mateja Petrov čič Editorial Board : Bi Yanli (China), Cao Hongquan (China), Luka Culiberg (Slovenia), Tamara Ditrich (Slovenia), Kristina Hmeljak Sangawa (Slovenia), Ichimiya Yufuko (Japan), Terry Andrew Joyce (Japan), Jens Karlsson (Sweden), Lee Yong (Korea), Arun Prakash Mishra (India), Nagisa Moritoki Škof (Slovenia), Nishina Kikuko (Japan), Sawada Hiroko (Japan), Chikako Shigemori Bu čar (Slovenia), Irena Srdanovi ć (Japan). © University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts, 2011 All rights reserved. Published by : Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani (Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts) Issued by: Department of Asian and African Studies For the publisher: Andrej Černe, the dean of the Faculty of Arts Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0). Journal’s web page : http://revije.ff.uni-lj.si/ala/ Journal is published in the scope of Open Journal Systems ISSN: 2232-3317 Abstracting and Indexing Services : COBISS, Directory of Open Access Journals, Open J-Gate and Google Scholar. Publication is free of charge. Address: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts Department of Asian and African Studies Ašker čeva 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword .....................................................................................................................5-6 RESEARCH -
Research on Endangered Ryukuan Dialects with an Aim to Preserve
KAKENHI NEWS2009 vol.2 Research on Endangered Ryukuan Dialects � Culture & � Society with an Aim to Preserve and Propagate Shigehisa Karimata� Professor� University of the Ryukyus 【Background】� /ã, õ, ı˜/and /ë˜/ for a total of 18 vowels. particle ga is spoken in the interrogative, UNESCO announced in February 2009 But the dialect of Yonakuni Island, the and nu in yes-or-no questions, to enable that of the over six thousand languages westernmost island in Japan, primarily the speaker to add extra meaning to his spoken in the world, 2500 are in danger use the three vowels a, i and u. The Miya- question. The Ryukyuan languages shed of becoming extinct. Among them are Ja- ko Ookami Island dialect has only 10 con- light on the history of the Japanese lan- pan's Ryukyuan languages (UNESCO sonants: /p, t, k, f, v, s, m, n, j/and /r/. But guage, and has many interesting linguistic treats each Ryukyuan dialect as a separate it has been discovered that the consonants typological features. � language). Although experts have long /f, v, s, m/ and n are used as monosylla- � been aware of the threat to the dialects, bles, that the /f/ and /s/ in words such as 【Outlook】� and research on their preservation and /kffi/ (make) and /pstu/ (person) function Urgent research is needed on the Ryu- propagation has been ongoing for more as vowels in a syllable, and that there are kyuan languages in order to pass them than 30 years, the inclusion of Ryukyu also long and short consonants, with down to future generations.