9781107042971 Index.Pdf

Home , Count of Barcelona

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04297-1 - Bramante’s Tempietto, the Roman Renaissance, and the Spanish Crown Jack Freiberg Index More information

I N D E X

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Caliph, 92 Charles VIII and, 60 , 149 Academia Española de Bellas Artes en demarcation of New World Roma, 195–97 , 201–2 and, 32 Acqua Paola, 181 Ferdinand and Isabel and, 60–61 , 126 Acts (Bible), 131 Hadrian and, 78–80 Adam, 88 , 116 historical background, 2 , 5–6 , 220–21n18 Adrian VI, Pope, 21 Kingdom of Sicily and, 149 Aelst, Pieter Cocke van, 171 Order of Saint James Major and, 126 Aeneas, 76 , 77 , 99 , 159–60 San Pietro in Montorio and, 50 , 59 , The Aeneid, 77 205 , 208 Aguado, Francisco, 279n6 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 13 , Albert, Archduke of Austria, 24 , 228n66 , 226n50 277n99 Tivoli and, 78–80 , 81 Alberti, Leon Battista Treaty of Granada (1500) generally, 92 , 99 , 127 and, 266n56 Bramante compared, 71 , 99 Alexander VII, Pope, 278n106 centralized plan and, 99 Alexander the Great, 88 , 169 , 170–71 , Doric system and, 105, 115 244n56 , 272–73n46 pavement and, 134–35 Alexander Minorita (Alexander of Rucellai chapel (Holy Sepulcher) and, 96 Bremen), 19 Albertini, Francesco, 24 , 26 , 77 , 115 , Alfonso V, King of Aragon and Naples, 2 , 220n16 , 234n41 , 243n39 148–49 , 150 , 152 Albunea (Tiburtine Sibyl), 81–83 Alfonso V, King of Portugal, 48 , Alexander VI, Pope 222n6 generally, 11 , 43 , 83 , 132 , 184 , 220–21n18 , Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, 18 244n52 Alfonso X the Wise, King of Alexander the Great and, 80 Castile, 6 Amadeite order and, 55 Alfonso XII, King of Spain, 195–97 , Annius of Viterbo and, 115 201–2 Bramante and, 3 , 72 Alfonso XIII, King of Spain, 202 , 281n31 , Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 5–6 , 20–21 , 281n35 73 , 145 Alighieri, Dante, 134 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Altar of Tempietto, 153–57 , 268n87 , Gerusalemme) and, 30 268n89

303

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04297-1 - Bramante’s Tempietto, the Roman Renaissance, and the Spanish Crown Jack Freiberg Index More information

304 • Index

Amadeo (João de Meneses de Silva) Belgrade, Battle of (1456), 5 , 161 generally, 48 , 264n33 Belvedere (courtyard), 103–5 Amadeite order, 45–49 , 50 , 51 , 52–53 , 87 , Benedict XIII, antipope, 6 144–48 , 162 , 234n49 , 247n82 , 264n31 Benedict XIV, Pope, 281n24 Apocalypsis nova, 87 , 144–48 , 157 , 225n41 , Benigno Salviati, Giorgio, 87 , 145–46 264n27 , 265n48 , 269n6 Bernini, Gianlorenzo, 191–93 Ferdinand and, 47–48 Bessarion, Cardinal, 5 grotto at San Pietro in Montorio and, 87 , Biondo, Flavio, 42–44 , 76 , 78 144 , 146 , 247n81 Boccafuoco, Costanzo, 271n19 Leo X and, 87 Borghese, Scipione, 182 Louis XI and, 46–48 Borgia, Alfonso. See Callixtus III San Pietro in Montorio and, 45–49 , Borgia, Gaspare, 184 , 210 , 213 , 52–55 , 87 , 161 214 , 218 Sixtus IV and, 45 , 46 , 47 Borgia, Lucrezia, 78 Tempietto and, 87 , 146–47 Borgia, Rodrigo. See Alexander VI Amalaric, King of the Visigoths, 91 Borromeo, Charles, 270n15 Ambrose, Saint, 24 , 58 , 230n4 Bracciolini, Poggio, 76 Ammanati, Bartolommeo, 162 , 241n14 Bramante, Donato. See also Tempietto. Andrew (Apostle), 91 , 125 generally, 1, 3 , 78 , 197–98 , 202 , 204 Angelini, Annibale. See Pietro di Madre Alberti compared, 71 , 97 , 99 di Dio Ammanati and, 71n14 Anghiera, Pietro Martire d’, 31–32 , 151 , Belvedere courtyard, 103–5 267n72 arrival in Rome, 71 Annius of Viterbo, 115–18 , 119–20 , 257n78 Brunelleschi compared, 70–71 , 102 Anthonisz, Cornelis, 172–73 Carafa, Olivero and, 72 , 78 Antiquarie prospettiche romane , 71–72 Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 72–73 Antoniazzo Romano, 13 Francesco di Giorgio compared, 71 , Apocalypsis nova (Amadeo), 87 , 144–48 , 157 , 106–7 225n41 , 264n27 , 265n48 , 269n6 intellect of, 102–5 Apsidal chapels in San Pietro in Montorio Julius II and, 1 , 103–5 , 137 , 248n98 and antecedents, 55–56 Leonardo da Vinci and, 71 , 80 , 103 , 131 Arculf, 95–96 Milan, monuments, and, 253n31 Arévalo, Rodrigo Sánchez de, 4 palace of Adriano Castellesi and, 113 Aristotle, 6 palace of Raffaele Riario and, 107 , 111 Augustine, Saint, 82 Pavia Cathedral and, 73 Augustus, 83–85 , 171–72 petrology and, 106–7 Averroes, 6 poems by, 102–3 Avicenna, 6 Saint Peter’s and, 1 , 66 , 72 , 251n11 Sangallo, Giuliano da and, 71 , 126 Balustrade of Tempietto and antecedents, San Giacomo degli Spagnoli and, 3 , 99 , 126–32 72–73 Barbarossa, Hayreddin, 167 , 168 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 26 Barberini, Francesco, 175 Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan and, Barbo, Pietro (Pope Paul II), 11 58 , 73 Barocci, Federico, 159–60 , 269n5 Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan, Baronio, Cesare, 271n20 and, 123 Basilica Aemilia, 113 , 120 Tivoli and, 80 Bede (Venerable Bede), 95–96 , 230n4 Vasari on, 2–3 , 70–73 , 80 , 102–5 , Bejazet II, Sultan, 86 107 , 121

Index • 305

Vigevano and, 73 coat of arms, 32 , 33–34 , 230n96 , Visconti, Gaspare and, 102–3 271n27 Bramantino (Bartolomeo Suardi), 147 Council of Pisa (1511) and, 146 Brant, Sebastian, 19 , 93–94 crusade and, 272n38 Brasca, Santo, 97 demarcation of New World and, 32 Brescia, Silvestro da, 48 device, 229n89 Breydenbach, Bernhard von, 93–94 , 96 epigraphs and, 141 Brunelleschi, Filippo foundation stone of Tempietto and, generally, 71 139–40 Bramante compared, 70–71 , 102 historical background, 3 , 5–8 , 63 Florence Cathedral and, 88 , 123 Julius II and, 146 , 230n96 Ospedale degli Innocenti, Florence Kingdom of Sicily and, 149 , 266n58 and, 58–59 as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, 36 , San Lorenzo, Florence and, 11 , 58–59 230n96 Santo Spirito, Florence and, 55 , 58–59 Leo X and, 146 , 244n47 Bull as symbol of Spain, 83 Leto, Giulio Pomponio and, 32 , 74 Buonarroti, Michelangelo. See Michelangelo Anghiera, Pietro Martire d’ and, 31–32 Burchard, Johannes, 12 , 13 , 73 , 143 Maximilian I and, 19–20 , 34 , 36 , 73 Byzantine imperial inheritance, 152–53 Mendoza, Pedro González de, and, 9–10 , 13–14 Caccianemici, Ubaldo de (Pope Lucius Milan and, 73 II), 12 portrait medal, 220n7 Cacus, 76–77 prophecy and, 19 , 20 , 85 Caius Sestius, 43 San Giacomo degli Spagnoli and, 7 , 8 , Callixtus III, Pope, 2 , 4–5 , 6 , 91 , 161 , 72–73 , 150 272n44 San Pietro in Montorio and, 3 , 37–39 , Cambio, Arnolfo di, 102 49–51 , 59–60 , 230n3 , 236n68 Camporese, Giuseppe, 197 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 3 , Capistran, John, 5 9–10 , 13–14 , 20–22 , 24 , 34–36 , 37–38 , Capponi, Gisella, 282n37 163 , 165 Carafa, Oliviero, 72 , 78 , 141 , 261n118 Savonarola and, 145 Caramuel, Juan, 137–38 , 139 Tempietto and, 63 , 81 , 157 Cardinal of Portugal Chapel (San Miniato al Carvajal, Juan de, 3–5 , 161 Monte, Florence), 59 , 133–34 Carvajal family, 3 Carracci, Agostino, 160 Casa de la Conchas, Salamanca, 259n102 Carvajal, Bernardino López de Castelar, Emilio, 197 generally, 74 , 150 , 161 , 219–20n5 , Castellesi, Adriano, 113 227n57 , 244n47 , 264n31 Castellon, Jorge de, 49 Amadeite order and, 145 , 148 Castel Sant’Angelo, 79 , 169 , 244n52 as ambassador of Ferdinand and Isabel, 3 , Cavallini, Pietro, 83 5–7 , 8 , 32 Celestine V, Pope, 43 , 231n16 Apocalypsis nova and, 144–48 , 157 Cesati, Alessandro, 169–71 Benigno, Giorgio and, 145–46 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce Annius of Viterbo and, 117–18 , 257n78 in Gerusalemme), 23–34 , 59 , 73 , Bramante and, 26 , 72–73 , 144 277n99 burial of, 165 Charlemagne, 170 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Charles I, King of Spain, 2 , 19 , 36 , 127 , 129 , Gerusalemme) and, 23–34 , 229n88 151 , 239n104 . See also Charles V, Holy Charles VIII and, 149 Roman Emperor

306 • Index

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Cosmatesque pavements, 132–34 , 188 See also Charles I, King of Spain Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438–39), generally, 272n38 , 272–73n46 , 274n61 232n20 Battle of Tunis (1535) and, 167 , 272n44 Council of Pisa (1511), 146–47 Paul III and, 164–71 Council of Trent, 170 San Pietro in Montorio and, 180 , 272n36 crusade, promotion of, 4–5 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 36 , Tempietto and, 164–80 150 , 153 , 168 , 249n106 , 272n38 Charles VIII, King of France generally, 142 , 153 , 266n60 Damasus I, Pope, 6 Italy, invasion of, 60 , 149–50 , 151–53 , Dampiés, Martín Martínez, 93 266n54 Daniel (Bible), 169 , 170–71 Naples, invasion of, 142 , 149–50 , 152 Daniele da Volterra, 162–63 Santa Petronilla and, 91 Dante Aligheri, 134 Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples and David, 118 , 167 , 272n31 Sicily, 148 , 150 Delfi ni d’Amelia, Egidio, 145–46 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, del Monte family, 162–63 152–53 Dolera, Clemente, 163 Chosröes, King of Persia, 16 , 19–20 Domenico di Gesù Maria (Domingo Christ. See Jesus Ruzola), 137–38 , 182–90 , 193–94 , Ciboria, 85–87 , 88 , 132 , 154 , 174 , 178 , 209–13 , 214–18 232n19 , 246n76 , 247n86 Dome of the Rock as model for Tempietto, Circignani, Nicoló (il Pomarancio), 228n66 92 , 93–94 , 249n106 Cisneros, Jimenez de, 127 Dome-upon-drum design, 88–89 Clement I, Pope, 110 Doric system, 111–20 Clement IV, Pope, 148 Dragišić , Juraj. See Benigno Salviati, Giorgio Clement VI, Pope, 151 Durandus of Mende, 99 Clement VII, Pope, 74 , 161 , 164 Clement VIII, Pope, 190 , 276n80 Egas, Enrique, 173–74 Codex Coner, 66 Egidio da Viterbo, 117 Codex Magliabechiano, 1–2 , 241n12 eschatology. See prophecy Colegio de Santa Cruz, Valladolid, 11 , 129 Escorial. See San Lorenzo at the Escorial Colosseum, 71–72 , 113 d’Este, Ippolito, 78 , 244n47 Columbus, Christopher, 31 , 33 , 144, Etruscans in Renaissance thought, 8 , 151 , 202 115–17 , 118–19 , 255–56n5 Comestor, Petrus, 169 Eucharist, 88 , 164–65 , 174 , 178–80 , 191–92 , Commentaries of Friar Giovanni Nanni of 265n48 Viterbo on the Works of Various Authors Eugenius IV, Pope, 24 , 44 , 228n65 who Speak about Antiquities (Annius of Eusebius, 12 , 110 , 232n18 , 245n66 Viterbo), 115–18 Evander, 77 Conde Coello de Portugal, 197 , 279n5 Exaltation of the True Cross (Feast), 17 , 19 Constance of Hohenstaufen, 148 Ezekiel (Bible), 131 Constantine the Great generally, 9 , 12 , 30 , 82 , 89 , 92 , 110 , Farnese, Alessandro (Pope Paul III), 161 122 , 170 Farnese palace, Caprarola, 163 arch of, 168 Fea, Carlo, 197 Holy Sepulcher and, 92 Federico, King of Naples, 149 True Cross Cycle and, 15–16 , 17–18 Ferdinand II, King of Aragon Constantine XI, 152 generally, 81 , 171–72 , 202–3 , 204 , Córdoba, Gonzalo Fernández de, 149 274n62

Index • 307

Alexander the Great compared, 244n56 Fonseca, Alfonso de, 127 Amadeo and, 47–48 Forcella, Vincenzo, 205–6 Annius of Viterbo and, 117 , 118 Forum Boarium, 74–78 , 91 , 127 , 243n42 Byzantine imperial inheritance and, Fourth Imperial Diet, Speyer (1534), 170 152–53 Fourth Lateran Council (1215), 45 as Catholic king, 60–61 France. See also specifi c monarch Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Kingdom of Sicily and, 142 , 148– Gerusalemme) and, 30 , 33 , 34 49 , 150 coat of arms, 33 , 52 , 61–62 , 129 , 154 Spain and, 150 , 153 , 170 Columbus and, 31 Francesco di Giorgio, 51 , 52 Compostela and, 126 generally, 89 , 119 , 127 Constantine compared, 17–18 balustrade and, 129 Constantinople and, 152–53 , 168 Bramante compared, 71 , 106–7 crusade and, 33 , 152–53 , 249n106 columns and, 105 as Duke of Athens, 158 petrology and, 106–7 Franciscan order and, 48 San Pietro in Montorio and, 51 , 52 Granada, Royal Chapel, and, 129 , 178–80 Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio, Granada war and, 7 , 11 , 13 , 19 , 29 , 33 , 34 , Cortona and, 52 , 55 , 88 60–62 , 125–26 , 142 , 144 , 151 , 153 , 179 Tivoli and, 78 , 80 historical background, 2 , 3 , 6–7 , 8 Francis, Saint, 45 , 52–53 , 56 , 60 , 236n76 Jerusalem, connection with, 150–52 , 167 , Francis I, King of France, 168 267n72 , 275n69 Franco, Francisco, 202–3 , 281nn35–36 as King of Granada, 33 , 129 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, as King of Jerusalem, 150 148–49 , 150 , 157 as King of Naples and Sicily, 150–52 Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, Kingdom of Sicily, conquest of, 148–49 , 4–5 , 44 150–52 Frederick V, King of Bohemia, 183 Order of Saint James and, 126 Fulvio, Andrea, 74–78 , 81–82 , 85 , 101 Palaeologus, Andreas and, 152–53 prophecy and, 19 , 83–85 , 151–52 , 153–57 Gabriel (Archangel), 87 , 144 , 147 San Juan de los Reyes, Toledo and, Gaddi, Agnolo, 16 274n62 Galla Placidia (daughter of Theodosius), 24 , San Pietro in Montorio and, 37 , 39 , 59 , 73 , 238–39n100 47–48 , 49–51 , 60–62 , 234n45 , 235n50 Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 199 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 10–13 , Génas, François de, 46–47 17–18 , 224n32 George, Saint, 112 , 179 Tempietto and, 101 , 138–39 , 153–57 , Granada Cathedral, 158 , 173 , 192 , 197–98 193–94 Tiburtine Sibyl and, 83–85 Granada, Royal Chapel, 129 , 178–79 , Virgilian Golden Age and, 83–85 274n62 Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 183 granite columns in Tempietto, 105–11 Fernández da Murcia, Pedro, 147 , 265n46 Gregorio da Roma, 206 Ferrante I, King of Naples, 148–49 Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Filarete, 44 , 88–89 , 105 , 135 Pope, 4 , 13 First Roman Republic, Tempietto in, 139 , Gregory XIII, Pope, 163 161 , 186 , 197 Gregory XV, Pope, 190–91 Flandes, Juan de, 275n69 Grimaldi, Giacomo, 86 Flavius Josephus, 117 , 122 , 169 Grünenberg, Konrad von, 97–99 Florence Cathedral, 88 , 123 Guicciardini, Francesco, 149

308 • Index

Hadrian Horace, 115 generally, 6 Hospital de Santa Cruz, Toledo, 11 , Alexander VI and, 78–80 260n112 Jerusalem and, 79 Hugonet, Philibert, 46–47 mausoleum of (Castel Sant’Angelo), Hunyadi, John, 5 42–43 , 79 , 88–89 , 169 , 244n52 Hymns to the Cross and Chapel of Saint Spanish heritage of, 6 , 78 , 79 , 85 , 244n52 Helen (Santa Croce in Gerusalemme), Tivoli and, 26 , 71 , 78–80 , 81 , 85 30 , 34 , 229n89 , 229–30n92 villa of, 26 , 71 , 80 , 252n17 al-Hakim, Caliph, 94–95 Ignatius of Loyola, 162 , 270n12 Haro, Diego López de, 5 , 7 Ildephonsus, Saint, 6 , 195 Helen, Saint indulgences in Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in in San Giacomo degli Spagnoli, 264n26 Gerusalemme) mosaics, 23–34 , 59 , 73 , in San Pietro in Montorio, 59–60 277n99 in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, 13 , 17 , Judas-Cyriacus and, 18–19 23 , 36 , 227n60 relics of Christ’s Passion and, 9 , 165 in the Tempietto, 161–62 , 167 , 168 , 216 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, Innocent III, Pope, 14 , 18 , 56 9–10 , 11 Innocent IV, Pope, 148 in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme frescoes, Innocent VIII, Pope 14 , 16 , 17–18 , 20 generally, 10 , 54–55 , 60 , 151 , 264n33 , Henry VIII, King of England, 163 267n67 Heraclius historical background, 220–21n18 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in indulgences and, 264n26 Gerusalemme) and, 30 , 34 Saint Peter’s and, 86 as crusader, 19–20 , 30 San Pietro in Montorio and, 53–55 , 60 in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme frescoes, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 10 , 13 16 , 17–18 , 20 Titulus Crucis and, 143 Hercules, 76–77 , 112 , 118 , 129 , 171 , 203 Innocent X, Pope, 278n106 Heredia, Gonzalo Fernández de, 5 , 235n50 Invention of the True Cross (Feast), 11 , 17 , Herrera, Juan de, 174–75 , 275n70 20 , 30 , 32 Herrero y Herrero, Alejandro, 195 Isabel I, Queen of Castile Hiram of Tyre, 131–32 generally, 81 , 117 , 118 , 202–3 , 204 , Hohenstaufen inheritance, 148–49 274n62 Holy League (1538), 168 , 272–73n46 Byzantine imperial inheritance and, Holy Roman Empire. See specifi c emperor 152–53 Holy Sepulcher as Catholic queen, 60–61 Constantine the Great and, 12 , 92 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Ferdinand and Isabel and, 151 , 267n72 , Gerusalemme) and, 24 , 30 , 31 , 34 267n76 coat of arms, 33 , 52 , 61–62 , 129 , 154 Hadrian and, 79 Columbus and, 31 Philip II and, 151 Compostela and, 126 Saint Peter’s compared, 39 , 249n111 Constantinople and, 152 , 168 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 12 , Franciscan order and, 48 227n61 Granada, Royal Chapel, and, 129 , 178–80 Tempietto, as model for, 92–93 , 94–101 historical background, 2 , 3 , 6–7 , 8 Honoria (sister of Valentinian III), 24 James Major and, 126 Honorius, 248n95 Jerusalem, connection with, 150–52 , 167 , Honorius of Autun, 99 267n67 , 275n69

Index • 309

Kingdom of Sicily and, 148–49 , 150–52 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, link to, Order of Saint James and, 126 12–13 , 165–67 Palaeologus, Andreas, and, 152–53 Spain, connection with, 150–51 as Queen of Granada, 33 , 129 Temple of Solomon, 131–32 as Queen of Jerusalem, 150 Jesus as Queen of Sicily, 265n50 generally, 83–85 , 125 , 153–54 Saint Helen compared, 17–18 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in San Juan de los Reyes, Toledo and, 274n62 Gerusalemme), depiction in, 26–28 , San Pietro in Montorio and, 40–42 , 60–62 228n78 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 10–13 , as cornerstone of the Temple, 111 17–18 , 224n32 Crucifi xion of, 87–88 Tempietto and, 101 , 153–54 , 157 , Doric columns and, 112 197–98 , 199 Eucharist and, 154 , 178–79 Isabel Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Flanders, relics at San Pietro in Montorio, 60 187 , 277n99 Titulus Crucis, 12–13 , 142–43 Isabel of Portugal, Queen of Castile, 47–48 , True Cross Cycle in Santa Croce in 274n62 Gerusalemme, 13–20 Isabel of Portugal, Queen of Spain, João II, King of Portugal, 48 178–79 John (Bible), 28 Isaiah (Bible), 5–6 John the Evangelist, Saint, 26 , 111 , 154 , 203 Isidore of Seville, 6 , 117 , 135 , 243n43 , John VII, Pope, 231–32n17 245n62 John XXI, Pope, 6 Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, 203 John of Brienne, 150 Josephus. See Flavius Josephus James II, King of Aragon and Sicily, 150 Juan (son of Ferdinand and Isabel), 8 , 47 James Major, Saint Juan II, King of Castile, 47 , 274n62 generally, 111 Juan, Count of Barcelona, 281n35 Alexander VI and, 126 Juan Carlos I, King of Spain, 202–3 , 281n31 , Escorial and, 179 281n35 , 282n38 Feast of, 264n26 Juana of Aragon, Queen of Naples, Ferdinand and, 126 148–49 Isabel and, 126 Juana, Queen of Castile, 127 , 148–49 , Order of, 126 178–79 , 180 , 275n72 Saint Peter’s and, 91 Judas-Cyriacus, 18–20 , 225n38 Spain, relation to, 6 , 7 , 125–26 Julius II, Pope James of Lusitania (Cardinal of Portugal), generally, 117 , 137 , 193 , 220–21n18 59 , 133–34 Amadeo and, 87 , 247n82 Janiculum Hill, 37 , 42–45 , 52 , 74 , 115 , 116, Bramante and, 1 , 103–5 , 248n98 171–72 , 198 , 199–201 , 203–4 , 231n12 , Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 146 , 237n79 , 271n20 230–31n96 Janus, 116 , 171–72 , 237n79 , 256–57n67 Kingdom of Sicily and, 150 Jerusalem. See also Holy Sepulcher Julius III, Pope, 162–63 , 194 Carvajal, Bernardino de, as Latin Julius Caesar, 110 Patriarch of, 36 , 230n96 as center of world, 99 Khansu al-Ghuri, Sultan, 151 Ferdinand, connection with, 150–52 , 167 , Kingdom of Granada, conquest of, 6–7 , 9 , 267n72 , 275n69 11 , 13 , 17–18 , 19 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 60–62 , Isabel, connection with, 150–52 , 167 , 125–26 , 129 , 142 , 144 , 151 , 153 , 154 , 267n76 , 275n69 157 , 179

310 • Index

Kingdom of Sicily, 148–49 , 150–52 , Maldonado, Rodrigo de, 259n102 266n54 Maria (wife of Honorius), 248n95 I Kings (Bible), 131 Mariano da Firenze, 47 , 60 , 74 , 85–88 , 101 , 146 Labacco, Antonio, 113 Mark, Saint, 26 Lactantius, 81–82 Mars, 112 Las Navas de Tolosa, Battle of, 14 , 18 Martha of Antioch, Saint, 58 Lateran. See also San Giovanni in Laterano Martial, 6 Baptistery, 105–6 Martin V, Pope, 133 Hall of the Councils, 55–56 Mary, 58 , 83 , 91 , 110 , 146 , 174 , 179 , 187 , Oratory of the Holy Cross, 228n74 224n26 Sancta Sanctorum, 26 , 43–44 Matthew (Bible), 38 La Vera Cruz, Segovia, 95 Matthew, Saint, 26 Lavin, Irving, 230n1 , 261n126 , 278n107 , Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 19 , 34 , 278n109 36 , 73 , 93–94 , 145 , 153 , 230n1 Lavin, Marilyn Aronberg, 224n27 , 224n30 Maximus the Confessor, 247n86 Lawrence, Saint, 26 , 73 , 174 Medici, Giulio de (Pope Clement VII), 161 Lazzarini, Lorenzo, 252n23 Medici, Piero de, 46 League of Venice, 149 Medina, Juan Ruiz de. See Ruiz de Lebrija, Antonio de, 118 Medina, Juan Leo III, Pope, 55 Melanchthon, Philipp, 275n72 Leo X, Pope Meléndez, Valdès Diego, 132 generally, 74 , 117 , 158 , 239n104 Mellini, Bendetto, 236n69 Amadeo and, 87 Mellini family, 141 Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 36 , 146 , Mellino, Gian Garzia, 183 , 209 , 214 244n47 Mendoza, Íñigo López de, 11 , 222n4 crusade and, 36 , 272n38 Mendoza, Íñigo López de (señor de Leonardo da Vinci, 71 , 80 , 102 , 103 , 118 , Llodio), 18 131 , 261n115 Mendoza, Pedro González de Leone, Giovanni, 202 Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 3 , 9–10 , Letarouilly, Paul Marie, 259n103 13–14 , 20 Leto, Giulio Pomponio, 32 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 141 , Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in 142 , 263n15 Gerusalemme) and, 26 , 30 , 34 Ligorio, Pirro, 77 , 78, 243n40 , 252n17 Colegio de Santa Cruz, Valladolid, Lippi, Filippo, 224n26 and, 129 liturgical instruments depicted in the death of, 21 Tempietto, 120–22 , 258n92 historical background, 3 López, Juan, 72 Hospital de Santa Cruz, Toledo, and, 11 Louis IX, King of France, 148 Kingdom of Granada and, 11 , 34 Louis XI, King of France, 46–48 , 91 Last Will and Testament of, 13–14 Louis XII, King of France, 73 , 149 Saint Helen and, 11 Lucan, 6 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 10–14 , Lucius II, Pope, 12 222n8 , 226n49 Lucius Munatius Plancus, 120–21 in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme frescoes, Luke, Saint, 26 14 , 16 , 20 as Third King of Spain, 11 Machiavelli, Niccoló, 149 , 266n57 Mendoza family, 11 Maffei (Caetani) palace, Rome, 272–73n46 Meneses, García de, 48 Maffei, Raffaele, 87 Meneses de Silva, Beatriz, 47–48

Index • 311

Meneses de Silva, João de. See Amadeo (João Paradinas, Alfonso, 7 de Meneses de Silva) Patrimonio Histórico Español, 203 Mercandetti, Tommaso, 197–98 Paul, Saint Michelangelo, 162 , 169 , 174 , 248n96 , Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in 255–56n58 Gerusalemme), depiction in, 26 Minerva, 112 column metaphor, 111 Mirafl ores (Burgos), Carthusian Church, Doric system and, 112 274n62 Feast of, 47 , 60 , 199 , 281n24 Montefeltro, Federico da, 3 , 58 martyrdom of, 38 , 44 , 230n3 , 231–32n17 , Monza, 73 232n19 Morrone, Peter. See Celestine V pyramid of Caius Sestius and, 43 Moses, 118 relics of, 86 Moses Maimonides, 6 Paul II, Pope, 11 Muffel, Nikolaus, 44 , 223n17 , 227n61 , Paul III, Pope 239n103 , 277n98 generally, 272n44 , 278n111 Muhammad II Al-Nâsit, Caliph, 18 Charles V and, 164–71 Münzer, Hieronymus, 267n76 medal by Alexander Cesati and, 169–71 Tempietto and, 161–63 , 167 , 169–71 , Nanni, Giovanni. See Annius of Viterbo 187 , 194 Naples Paul V, Pope, 181–82 , 190 , 276n80 , 277n95 French invasion of, 142 , 149–50 , 152 Paul VI, Pope, 202 Spanish conquest of, 2 , 149 pavement of Tempietto, 132–35 , 188–89 Napoleon, 198 Pavia, Certosa, 58 Narni Cathedral, Sacrament Chapel, Pavia Cathedral, 73 238n96 Pedro III, King of Aragon and Sicily, 148 Neri, Philip, 162 , 270n15 Pelayo, 171 Nero, 26 Peperelli, Francesco, 184 Nerva, 6 Perault, Raymond, 153 Nicholas IV, Pope, 56 Perugino, 126 Nicholas V, Pope, 237n91 , 253–54n37 Peruzzi, Baldassare, 3 , 21–22 , 24–26 , 70 , Noah, 115–16 , 117 , 256–57n67 77 , 113 Noah’s Ark, 154–57 , 269n91 Peter, Saint Numa Pompilius, 76 generally, 125 altar of Tempietto and, 154 , 187 Oliva, Eugenio, 195–96 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Oratory of Philip Neri, 162 Gerusalemme), depiction in, 26 Orosius, 6 column metaphor, 111 , 201 crucifi xion of, 42–45 , 87–89 , 102 , 110 , Pacheco, Juan Fernández de, 180 136 , 162 , 163 , 204 Pacifi ci, Filippo, 198, 208 , 280n16 Doric system and, 112 Pacioli, Luca, 129–32 , 261n115 Feast of, 47 , 60 , 199 , 281n24 Pagni, Giovanni, 185–86 healing by, 131 Palaeologus, Andreas, 152–53 , 168 indulgences and, 60 Palaeologus, Demetrios, 152 metopes of Tempietto and, 120–22 Palaeologus, Manuel, 152–53 relics in San Pietro in Montorio and, Palencia, Alonso de, 18 44–45 , 60 Palladio, Andrea, 1–2 , 240n8 , 241n12 , Rome consecrated by the martyrdom 243n42 of, 38–39 Pantheon, 70 , 91 , 109 , 110 , 168 San Pietro in Montorio and, 37–39 , 55

312 • Index

Philip II, King of Spain, 150–51 , 171–74 , Quiñones, Francisco de Los Angeles, 179–80 , 187 164–68 , 178 , 193–94 Philip III, King of Spain, 180–83 , 190–91 , Quintillian, 6 199 , 270n10 , 276n86 Quo vadis legend, 38–39 , 230n4 Philip IV, King of Spain, 158 , 182 , 190–91 , 193–99 , 276n86 Rabanus Maurus, 34 Philip the Fair, King of Castile, 178–79 Ramiro I, King of Asturias, 125 Piazza del Campo, Siena, 259n95 Ranieri, Rodolfo, Archduke of Austria, Piccolomini, Enea Silvia. See Pius II 280n14 Piero della Francesca, 16 Raphael, 70 , 74 , 158–60 , 161–63 , 197 , Pietro di Madre di Dio (Annibale Angelini), 249n106 , 269n4 138–41 , 183–89 , 198 , 209–18 , 262n7 Real Academia de España en Roma, 204 Pino, Marco, 169 relics Pinturicchio, 80 , 228n76 Saint Helen and, 165 Pinura, Giovanni, 236n69 in San Pietro in Montorio, 59–60 , 205–8 Pius II, Pope, 4–5 , 78–79 in Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, 9 , 11 , Pius V, Pope, 247n82 12–13 , 17 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 37 , 165 Pius VI, Pope, 197 René of Anjou, 148 , 150 Pius VII, Pope, 197–99 , 202 , 208 Reuwich, Erhard, 93 Pius IX, Pope, 199–200 Revelation of the Psuedo-Methodius, 19 , 85 Plutarch, 99 Revelations (Bible), 19 , 154 Poderico, Giovan Maria, 83–85 Riario, Raffaele, 7 , 72 , 221–22n28 Poletti, Luigi, 199 palace of (Cancelleria), 107 , 111 pomegranate, symbolism of, 33–34 , Ricci, Giovanni Battista, 162–63 61–62 , 127–32 , 154 , 202–3 , 229n88 , Robert of Anjou, King of Naples, 150–51 239n107 Roda, José Sancho, 282n37 Pontelli, Baccio, 51 Roi, Bernardo del, 229–30n92 Pontius Pilate, 12 Rossi, Gian Francesco, 277n92 porphyry, 106–11 , 132–35 , 165 Rovere, Domenico della, 235n50 Porta, Guglielmo della, 241n14 , 241n15 Rovere, Giuliano della, 160 Porto (Ostia), 4 , 106 , 127 , 248n101 Rowland, Ingrid D., 255–56n58 Pozzo, Cassiano dal, 175–78 Rubens, Peter Paul, 24 , 228n66 Prague, Battle of (1620), 182–83 Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 160 prophecy Ruiz de Medina, Juan, 5 , 7 , 49–51 , 59 , Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 19 , 20 , 85 221n26 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Gerusalemme) and, 26 , 30–31 , 229n81 Sabino, Pietro, 142 Charles VIII and, 152 Sagredo, Diego de, 127–29 Ferdinand and, 19 , 83–85 , 151 , 267n76 sail vault in San Pietro in Montorio and Heraclius and, 19–20 antecedents, 58–59 , 238n97 , 238n98 Mendoza, Pedro González de, and, 85 Saint Gudule, Brussels, 274n61 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, Saint Paul’s basilica, Rome, 11–12 19–20 , 85 Saint Paul’s Sacrifi ce at Lystra Spain and, 81–83 , 151–52 (Raphael), 269n4 Tivoli Temple of the Sibyl and, 81–85 Saint Peter’s basilica, Vatican Prudentius, 43 generally, 1 Bramante and, 1 , 66 , 251n11 Q ā it Bey, Sultan, 151 ciborium of the high altar, 154 , 232n19 , Quincunx pavement, 133–34 , 261–62n129 268n88

Index • 313

ciborium of the Holy Lance, 86 , 132 , 142 , San Miniato al Monte, Florence, 59 , 246n76 133–34 ciborium of the sudarium (Veronica), 86 San Pietro in Montorio, Rome dome-upon-drum design, 88–91 generally, 3 , 7 Doric system in, 112 Acqua Paola, 181 foundation stone of, 263n10 Alexander VI and, 50 , 53–55 , 59 , 60– fountain, 72 61 , 230n3 granite in, 110 Alfonso XII and, 197 , 201–2 Holy Sepulcher compared, 249n111 altars in, 132 , 206–7 Innocent VIII and, 86 Amadeo and, 45–49 , 52–55 , 161 James Major and, 91 apsidal chapels in, 53–56 Sacrament tabernacle, 191–93 Borgherini Chapel, 269n6 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme compared, Bramante and, 73 , 209 , 214 11–12 , 14–15 Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 37–39 , statue of Saint Peter, 154 49–51 , 59–60 , 230n3 , 236n68 tegurium, 112 , 268n89 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce Tempietto compared, 154 , 277n97 , in Gerusalemme) compared, 33–34 , 278n108 229n88 Salviati, Francesco, 169 , 272–73n46 coats of arms in, 61–62 , 239n107 San Bernardino, Urbino, 58 columns, 45 , 63 , 187 , 232n24 Sancha, Queen of León, 85 consecration of (1500), 59 , 205–8 Sancia of Aragon-Mallorca, Queen of crucifi xion of Peter and, 37–39 Naples, 150–51 del Monte Chapel, 162–63 , 270n16 Sancta Maria ad Martyres (Pantheon), description of, 39–40 Rome, 91 , 110 Dolera, Clemente and, 163 San Francesco, Assisi, 45 , 52 , 56 , 236n76 exedras in, 56–58 Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger, 3 , 22 , 70 , facade of, 52 113 , 165 Ferdinand and, 37 , 39 , 40–42 , 47–48 , Sangallo, Giuliano da, 71 , 126 49–51 , 60–62 , 234n45 , 235n50 San Giacomo degli Spagnoli, Rome fresco decoration, 51 , 82 , 236n69 generally, 150 Gregory XV and, 190–91 Bramante and, 3 , 72–73 indulgences in, 60 Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 7–8 , 72 , 150 innovations in design, 39–40 , 59 as Castilian national church in Rome, inscription dated 1500 in, 205–8 3 , 7–8 Isabel and, 40–42 , 61–62 , 234n45 indulgences in, 264n26 Julius III and, 162–63 pomegranate in decoration of, 34 Louis XI and, 46–48 singers’ gallery, 132 monastery of, 180–82 San Giovanni in Laterano, 46 , 55 , 56 , 86 , overview, 37–42 122 , 133 . See also Lateran Paul V and, 181–83 San Jerónimo de Yuste, 179 Peter and, 37–39 , 55 San Juan de los Reyes, Toledo, 274n62 Philip III and, 180–83 , 190 San Lorenzo, Florence, 58–59 Philip IV and, 190 San Lorenzo at the Escorial, 158 , 174–80 , pomegranates and, 33–34 , 61–62 192 , 193–94 , 275n70 Portugal and, 48 San Lorenzo Maggiore, Milan, 73 , 135 presbytery of, 56–59 San Martino de Via, Genoa, 247n81 relics in, 59–60 San Michele Arcangelo, Montorio Romano Ricci Chapel, 162–63 (Reiti), 147 sail vault in, 58–59 , 238n97

314 • Index

San Pietro in Montorio, Rome (cont.) Titulus Crucis and, 12–13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , Sixtus IV and, 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 53–55 , 56 , 29 , 36 , 142–43 60 , 163 , 230n3 True Cross Cycle in, 13–20 Spanish patronage of, 45–49 , 61–62 , Santa Cruz el Real, Segovia, 275n69 180–94 Santa Dorothea in Trastevere, Rome, Tempietto. See Tempietto 263n11 textual evidence regarding, 49–51 Sant’Agostino, Rome, 40 , 58 triconch form of, 58 , 238n96 Santa Maria de Guadalupe (Spain), 45 Urban VIII and, 184 , 188 , 190–93 Santa Maria della Pace, Milan, 40 , 46 , 72 , Vasari and, 48 , 51 , 162–63 264n31 San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, 112 Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, 271–72n30 San Silvestro, Tivoli, 224n26 Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome, 183 Sansovino, Jacopo, 165 Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio, Santa Costanza, Rome, 89–91 , 105–6 Cortona, 52 , 55 , 88, 236n76 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, Rome Santa Maria del Monte, Varese, 58 generally, 3 , 7 , 141, 142 , 184 Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome, 26 , 40 , 58 Alexander VI and, 11 , 13 , 20–21 , 30 Santa Maria di Bressanoro, Castellone Bramante and, 26 , 73 (Santa Maria di Guadalupe), 26 , 46 Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 9–10 , Santa Maria in Aracoeli, Rome, 52–53 , 83 13–14 , 20–22 , 30 , 34–36 Santa Maria in Cosmedin, Rome, 77 Chapel of Saint Helen, 23–34 , 59 , 73 , Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 11 , 224n26 , 228n66 , 277n99 277n95 crusade and, 18 , 20 Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome, 72 , Exaltation of the True Cross (Feast) and, 224n26 17–18 , 29 Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan, 123 Ferdinand and, 10–13 , 17–18 , 224n32 Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, 261n118 indulgences in, 13 , 17 , 23 , 36 , 227n60 Sant’Andrea, Vatican, 89–91 , 248n94 Innocent VIII and, 10 , 13 Sant’Angelo, Perugia, 252n21 Isabel and, 10–13 , 17–18 , 224n32 Santa Petronilla, Vatican, 89–91 , 248n94 Invention of the True Cross (Feast) and, Santi Apostoli, Rome, 237n90 17–18 , 20 , 29 Santo Spirito, Florence, 55 , 58–59 Jerusalem, link to, 12–13 Sanudo, Marin, 21 majolica (inscription), 22 , 23 , 24 , 34–36 , Savonarola, 145 37–39 , 141 , 223n20 , 227n57 , 230n94 , Schedel, Hartmann, 99–100 272n38 Schrader, Lorenz, 180 , 275n72 Mendoza, Pedro González de, and, 10–14 , Sebastiano del Piombo, 269n6 222n8 , 226n49 Second Roman Republic, Tempietto in, 199 overview, 9–10 Seneca, 6 prophecy and, 19–20 , 85 Septimius Severus, 168 Quiñones, Francisco de los Angelos Serlio, Sebastiano, 1–2 , 66–70 , 73–74 , 88 , and, 164 112 , 240–41n8 Sacrament tabernacle and, 164–68 , Sforza, Ascanio, 73 193–94 Sforza, Francesco, 45–46 , 135 Saint Helen and, 9–10 , 23 Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, 58 Saint Peter’s compared, 11–12 , 14–15 Sforza, Ludovico, 58 , 73 , 102–3 , 135 Sixtus IV and, 10 Sforza family, 73 Spanish patronage of, 10–11 , 19 , 21 , 36 , shell niches of Tempietto, 123–26 , 268n87 164–68 Sibyls, 81–85 . (See also Albunea; Tiburtine Tempietto compared, 164 , 174 Sibyl)

Index • 315

Sicardus of Cremona, 99 in 20th century, 202–4 Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, 232n20 Stefano, Bonifacio, 267n69 Sigüenza, José de, 174 Stephen, Saint, 60 Silber, Eucherius, 115 stone quarrying by early Christian martyrs, Siloe, Diego de, 174 106–11 Simon Stylities the Younger, Saint, 58 Suardi, Bartolomeo (Bramantino), 147 Sistine Chapel, 126 , 133 , 158 , 169 Suleiman the Magnifi cent, Sultan, 168 Sixtus IV, Pope Suriano, Francesco, 100 generally, 163 Sylvester I, Pope, 23 , 26 , 30 , 60 Amadeo and, 45 , 46 , 47 Forum Boarium and, 77 Tafur, Pero, 227n64 historical background, 3 Tana, Gabriele, 162 San Pietro in Montorio and, 45 , 46 , 47 , Tanner, Marie, 249n11 , 255–56n58 48 , 53–55 , 56 , 60 , 163 , 230n3 Teatro Marittimo as model for Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and, 10 Tempietto, 80 Sistine Chapel and, 133 Tempietto. See also San Pietro in Montorio Tempietto and, 154 , 207 , 243n39 overview, 1–2 , 63 , 101 Sixtus V, Pope, 11 , 163 , 181–82 , 194 , Alexander VI and, 72 , 73 , 78–80 , 81 , 208 270–71n18 altar of, 153–57 , 161–62 , 268n87, 268n89 , Society of Jesus, 162 269n91 Sodo, Francesco del, 206 Amadeo and, 87 , 146–47 , 247n81 Solomon, 167 , 272n31 antiquity and, 74–85 Spain. See also specifi c monarch or church Apocalypsis nova and, 144–48 Annius of Viterbo and, 117–18 balustrade of, 126–32 balustrade of Tempietto and, 126–32 Bramante and, generally, 86–87 , 88 , 89 , bull as symbol of, 83 91 , 92–93 , 97 , 99 , 102 , 136 , 137 Chapel of Saint Helen (Santa Croce in Carvajal, Bernardino de, and, 63 , 81 Gerusalemme) and, 23–34 Charles V and, 164–80 , 202–3 France and, 170 Christianity and, 85–101 Hadrian, Spanish heritage of, 78 , 79 , 85 , ciboria as model for, 85–88 , 101 , 246n76 , 244n52 247n86 Hercules, relation to, 77 crucifi xion of Peter and, 63 , 87–89 , 134 , James Major, relation to, 6 , 7 , 125–26 141 , 146, 152–53 , 186–87 , 188–89 , Jerusalem, connection with, 150–51 269n91 Kingdom of Naples, conquest of, 2 crypt of, 138–41 , 161–62 , 182–89 Kingdom of Sicily, conquest of, 148–49 date of, 137 , 144 , 262n1 in 19th century, 195–202 description of, 63–66 prophecy and, 81–83 , 151–52 Domenico di Gesù Maria and, 182–90 Rome, patronage in, 1–8 Dome of the Rock as model for, 92 , San Pietro in Montorio, patronage of, 93–94 , 249n106 45–49 , 61–62 , 180–94 dome-upon-drum design, 88–89 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, patronage Doric system in, 111–20 of, 10–11 , 19 , 21 , 36 drawings of, 66–70 in 17th century, 180–90 Escorial Sacrament tabernacle compared, in 16th century, 171–80 174–80 Tempietto, patronage of, 63 , 81 , 101 , 136 , Etruscan infl uence on, 115–17 , 255– 137 , 157 , 193–94 56n58 Trajan, Spanish heritage of, 106 Ferdinand and, 63 , 101 , 153–54 , 157 , 167 , True Cross Cycle and, 9 , 16–17 , 20 197 , 199 , 207

316 • Index

Tempietto (cont.) Tivoli Temple of the Sibyl as model for, in First Roman Republic, 161 , 186 , 74 , 78–80 , 83–85 , 91 197–98 triglyphs of, 254–55n48 foundation stone of, 137–43 , 187–88 , 190 , in 20th century, 202–4 198–99 , 203–4 , 210–11 , 212 , 215 , 217 , Urban VIII and, 190–93 , 194 264n27 Vasari and, 1–2 , 70–73 , 242n23 Francesco di Giorgio and, 78 Terribilini, Giacomo Gregorio, 205–6 , Fulvio on, 74–78 , 81–82 , 85 , 101 207 , 282n4 Granada Cathedral altar ciborium Theater of Marcellus, 113 compared, 174 Theodoric the Great, King of the granite columns of, 105–11 Ostrogoths, 91 Holy Sepulcher as model for, 92–93 , Theodosius I, 6 , 24 , 73 , 170 94–101 Tiburtine Sibyl, 72 , 81–85 importance of, 1–2 , 66–70 titular churches, 163 , 270–71n18 Isabel and, 63 , 101 , 153–54 , 157 , 167 , Titulus Crucis, 12–14 , 18–19 , 20 , 29 , 36 , 197 , 199 59–60 , 142–43 , 226n50 , 263–64n23 Jesus, depiction of, 187 Titus, 122 , 168 liturgical instruments depicted in, 120–22 , Tivoli Temple of the Sibyl 258n92 Hadrian and, 78–80 , 81 , 85 Mariano da Firenze on, 74 , 85–88 , 101 prophecy and, 81–85 mausolea compared, 88–89 , 91–92 , Tempietto, as model for, 74 , 78–80 , 85 , 91 120–21 Tiburtine Sibyl and, 81–85 metopes of, 120–22 Torquemada, Juan de, 4 name of, 241n12 Trajan in 19th century, 195–202 Column of, 4–5 , 87 , 220n16 , 247n83 Palladio and, 1–2 , 240–41n8 , 241n12 Spanish heritage of, 3–5 , 6 , 78 , 79 , 106 Paul III and, 161–63 , 167 , 169–71 , 194 Travertine, 77–78 pavement of, 102 , 132–35 , 187 , Treaty of Granada (1500), 149 277n97 Treaty of Torre del Greco (1451), 152–53 Philip III and, 180–82 Trezzo, Jacopo da, 174–78 Philip IV and, 190–93 , 194 triconch Pietro di Madre di Dio and, 182–89 cult of the saints and, 58 renovations (1628), 180–90 in Renaissance architecture, 238n96 Saint Peter’s compared, 154 , 277n97 , in San Pietro in Montorio, 56–58 278n108 in Narni Cathedral, 238n96 Saint Peter’s Sacrament tabernacle Trifuno de la Santa Cruz (Feast), 18 , 19–20 compared, 191–93 True Cross legend, 9 , 13–20 Santa Croce in Gerusalemme Sacrament Tubal, 117 tabernacle compared, 164–68 , 174 , Tunis, Battle of (1535), 167 , 272n44 191–92 , 193–94 in Second Roman Republic, 199 Urban II, Pope, 20 Serlio and, 1–2 , 66–70 , 73–74 , 88 , 112 , Urban VIII, Pope 240–41n8 generally, 158 , 184 , 188 , 210 , 214 , 276n87 in 17th century, 180–90 San Pietro in Montorio and, 184 , 188 , shell niches of, 123–26 , 268n87 190–93 in 16th century, 171–80 Tempietto and, 190–93 , 194 Spanish royal patronage of, 63 , 81 , 101 , 136 , 137 , 157 , 193–94 Valadier, Giuseppe, 280n14 Teatro Marittimo as model for, 80 Valentinian III, 24 , 36

Index • 317

Varese, Isaia da, 145 Villena, Marchese di, 180 Varro, 81–82 Virgil, 77 , 82 , 83–85 , 99 , 115 Vasari, Giorgio Virgin. See Mary generally, 83 , 169 Visconti, Bianca Maria, 45–46 on Bramante, 2–3 , 73–74 , 80 , 102–5 , Visconti, Gaspare, 102–3 107 , 121 Vitruvius Doric system and, 111 generally, 127 , 258n84 granite columns and, 110 columns and, 105 Tempietto and, 1–2 , 70–73 , 242n23 Doric system and, 111–12 , 115 Vatican Council of 1869–1870, 201 , 281n26 metopes and, 120 Vatican obelisk, 110 , 253n36 temples and, 77 , 88 Vatican palace, 26 , 163 Volpaia, Bernardo della, 66 Vecchietta (Lorenzo di Pietro), 271–72n30 Voragine, Jacobus de, 15–16 , Vega, Garcilaso de la, 117–18 19 , 34 Vegio, Maffeo, 42–44 Velasco, Pedro Fernández de, 129 Wadding, Luke, 161 , 270n10 Venantius Fortunatus, 34 Westminster Cathedral, 261–62n129 Verardi, Carlo, 33 , 221–22n28 Vespasian, 122 Xavier, Francis, 162 Vespignani, Virginio, 201 Vesta, Temple of, 76–77 , 99 Yolande, Queen of Jerusalem, 150 Vettori, Francesco, 266n57 Vigevano, 73 Zuccaro, Federico, 175–78 Vigarny, Felipe, 179 Zuccaro, Taddeo, 163 , 272–73n46 Villa d’Este, Tivoli, 244n47 Zurita, Jerónimo, 152