Georgia-Irrigation-And-Land-Market

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Georgia-Irrigation-And-Land-Market Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PAD3478 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PAPER ON A PROPOSED ADDITIONAL LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF EUR 18.2 MILLION (US$20.43 MILLION EQUIVALENT) Public Disclosure Authorized TO GEORGIA FOR THE IRRIGATION AND LAND MARKET DEVELOPMENT PROJECT January 24, 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Water Global Practice Europe And Central Asia Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective Dec 31, 2019) Currency Unit = Euros (EUR) US$1 = 0.89063057 EUR FISCAL YEAR January 1 ‐ December 31 Regional Vice President: Cyril E. Muller Country Director: Sebastian‐A Molineus Regional Director: Steven N. Schonberger Practice Manager: David Michaud Task Team Leader(s): Wilfried Hundertmark, Rufiz Vakhid Chirag‐Zade ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AF Additional Financing BP Bank Procedures CPF Country Partnership Framework DSP Dam Safety Panel EA Environmental Assessment ENPV Economic Net Present Value ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return FM Financial Management FNPV Financial Net Present Value GA LLC Georgian Amelioration Limited Liability Company GDP Gross Domestic Product GEL Georgian Lari GNERC Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission GoG Government of Georgia ha hectare IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFR Interim Un‐audited Financial Reports ILMDP Irrigation and Land Markets Development Project IPRS Immovable Property Registration System IRR Internal Rate of Return IT Information Technology km Kilometer LADM Land Administration Domain Model Land Agency National Agency for Sustainable Land Management and Land Use Monitoring LEPL Legal Entity of Public Law M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEPA Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture MOJ Ministry of Justice NAPR National Agency of Public Registry NGO Non‐Governmental Organization NPV Net Present Value NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure OP Operational Policy OPCS Operations Policy and Country Services PAD Project Appraisal Document PDO Project Development Objective PP Project Paper PPMD Project Planning and Monitoring Division PPSD Project Procurement Strategy for Development RF Results Framework RPF Resettlement Policy Framework iii SCD Systematic Country Diagnostic SDR Special Drawing Rights UASCG United Amelioration Service Company for Georgia WB World Bank WUO Water User Organization iv Georgia Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Market Development Project TABLE OF CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE FOR ADDITIONAL FINANCING ........................................ 6 A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 B. Country Context .................................................................................................................. 6 C. Sector context ..................................................................................................................... 9 D. Project Progress Summary and Results to Date ............................................................... 10 E. The Rationale for Additional Financing and Restructuring ............................................... 12 II. DESCRIPTION OF ADDITIONAL FINANCING ..................................................................... 15 III. KEY RISKS ....................................................................................................................... 19 IV. APPRAISAL SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 20 A. Technical ........................................................................................................................... 20 B. Economic and Financial Analysis (EFA) ............................................................................. 21 C. Financial Management ..................................................................................................... 23 D. Procurement ..................................................................................................................... 23 E. Social (including Safeguards) ............................................................................................ 24 F. Environment (including Safeguards) ................................................................................. 25 G. Other Safeguard Policies ................................................................................................... 25 V. WORLD BANK GRIEVANCE REDRESS ............................................................................... 26 VI SUMMARY TABLE OF CHANGES ...................................................................................... 27 VII DETAILED CHANGE(S) ..................................................................................................... 27 VIII. RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND MONITORING .................................................................... 37 Annex 1: Financial and Economic Analysis ............................................................................ 51 v The World Bank Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Markets Development Project in Georgia (P171796) BASIC INFORMATION – PARENT (Irrigation and Land Market Development Project ‐ P133828) Country Product Line Team Leader(s) Georgia IBRD/IDA Wilfried Hundertmark Project ID Financing Instrument Resp CC Req CC Practice Area (Lead) P133828 Investment Project SCAWA (9392) ECCSC (7000) Water Financing Implementing Agency: Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture, Ministry of Justice ADD FIN TBL1 Is this a regionally tagged project? No Bank/IFC Collaboration No Expected Original Environmental Approval Date Closing Date Guarantee Current EA Category Assessment Category Expiration Date 23‐May‐2014 31‐Jul‐2021 Partial Assessment (B) Partial Assessment (B) Financing & Implementation Modalities Parent [ ] Multiphase Programmatic Approach [MPA] [ ] Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) [ ] Series of Projects (SOP) [ ] Fragile State(s) [ ] Disbursement‐Linked Indicators (DLIs) [ ] Small State(s) [ ] Financial Intermediaries (FI) [ ] Fragile within a Non‐fragile Country [ ] Project‐Based Guarantee [ ] Conflict [ ] Deferred Drawdown [ ] Responding to Natural or Man‐made disaster [ ] Alternate Procurement Arrangements (APA) Page 1 of 53 The World Bank Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Markets Development Project in Georgia (P171796) Development Objective(s) The Project Development Objective is to (i) improve delivery of irrigation and drainage services in selected areas and (ii) developimproved policies and procedures as a basis for a national program of land registration. Ratings (from Parent ISR) RATINGNO_DRAFT_ Implementation Latest ISR 10‐Apr‐2017 29‐Nov‐2017 25‐Jun‐2018 01‐Jan‐2019 28‐Jun‐2019 27‐Dec‐2019 Progress towards achievement of MS MU MS MS MS MS PDO Overall Implementation MS MS MS MS MS MS Progress (IP) Overall Safeguards S MS MU MS MS MS Rating Overall Risk M M M M M M BASIC INFORMATION – ADDITIONAL FINANCING (Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Market Development Project ‐ P171796) ADDFIN_TABLE Urgent Need or Capacity Project ID Project Name Additional Financing Type Constraints P171796 Additional Financing for Cost Overrun, Restructuring, No Irrigation and Land Market Scale Up Development Project Financing instrument Product line Approval Date Investment Project IBRD/IDA 20‐Feb‐2020 Financing Projected Date of Full Bank/IFC Collaboration Disbursement 30‐Sep‐2022 No Page 2 of 53 The World Bank Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Markets Development Project in Georgia (P171796) Is this a regionally tagged project? No Financing & Implementation Modalities Child [ ] Series of Projects (SOP) [ ] Fragile State(s) [ ] Disbursement‐Linked Indicators (DLIs) [ ] Small State(s) [ ] Financial Intermediaries (FI) [ ] Fragile within a Non‐fragile Country [ ] Project‐Based Guarantee [ ] Conflict [ ] Deferred Drawdown [ ] Responding to Natural or Man‐made disaster [ ] Alternate Procurement Arrangements (APA) [ ] Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) Disbursement Summary (from Parent ISR) Net Source of Funds Total Disbursed Remaining Balance Disbursed Commitments IBRD % IDA 50.00 24.22 20.79 54 % Grants % PROJECT FINANCING DATA – ADDITIONAL FINANCING (Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Market Development Project ‐ P171796) PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) SUMMARY‐NewFin1 SUMMARY (Total Financing) Proposed Additional Total Proposed Current Financing Financing Financing Total Project Cost 50.00 20.43 70.43 Total Financing 50.00 20.43 70.43 of which IBRD/IDA 50.00 20.43 70.43 Page 3 of 53 The World Bank Additional Financing for Irrigation and Land Markets Development Project in Georgia (P171796) Financing Gap 0.00 0.00 0.00 DETAILSNewFinEnh1‐ Additional Financing World Bank Group Financing International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 20.43 COMPLIANCE Policy Does the project depart from the CPF in content or in other significant respects? [ ] Yes [ ✔ ] No Does the project require any other Policy waiver(s)? [ ] Yes [ ✔ ] No INSTITUTIONAL
Recommended publications
  • Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Potentials in Georgia
    FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1(En) ISSN 2070-6065 REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1 (En) REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA by Marina Khavtasi † Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Marina Makarova Head of Division Water Resources Protection Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Irina Lomashvili Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Archil Phartsvania National Consultant Thomas Moth-Poulsen Fishery Officer FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Budapest, Hungary András Woynarovich FAO Consultant FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Reserved Domains
    Countries: (.ge; .edu.ge; .org.ge; .net.ge; .pvt.ge; .school.ge) afghanistan cameroon ghana lebanon nigeria spain zambia albania canada greece lesotho norway srilanka zimbabwe algeria centralafricanrepublic grenada liberia oman sudan andorra chad guatemala libya pakistan suriname angola chile guinea liechtenstein palau swaziland antiguaandbarbuda china guinea-bissau lithuania palestina sweden argentina colombia guyana luxembourg panama switzerland armenia comoros haiti macau papuanewguinea syria aruba congo honduras macedonia paraguay taiwan australia costarica hongkong madagascar peru tajikistan austria croatia hungary malawi philippines tanzania azerbaijan cuba iceland malaysia poland thailand bahama curacao india maldives portugal timor-leste bahrain cyprus indonesia mali qatar togo bangladesh czechia iran malta romania tonga barbados denmark iraq marshallislands russia trinidadandtobago belarus djibouti ireland mauritania rwanda tunisia belgium dominica israel mauritius saintlucia turkey belize dominicanrepublic italy mexico samoa turkmenistan benin ecuador jamaica micronesia sanmarino tuvalu bhutan egypt japan moldova saudiarabia uganda birma elsalvador jordan monaco senegal ukraine bolivia equatorialguinea kazakhstan mongolia serbia unitedarabemirates bosniaandherzegovina eritrea kenya montenegro seychelles uk botswana estonia kiribati morocco sierraleone england brazil ethiopia northkorea mozambique singapore unitedkingdom brunei fiji korea namibia sintmaarten uruguay bulgaria finland southkorea nauru slovakia uzbekistan burkinafaso
    [Show full text]
  • National Report on the State of the Environment of Georgia
    National Report on the State of the Environment of Georgia 2007 - 2009 FOREWORD This National Report on the State of Environment 2007-2009 has been developed in accordance with the Article 14 of the Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection and the Presidential Decree N 389 of 25 June 1999 on the Rules of Development of National Report on the State of Environment. According to the Georgian legislation, for the purpose of public information the National Report on the State of Environment shall be developed once every three years. 2007-2009 National Report was approved on 9 December 2011. National Report is a summarizing document of all existing information on the state of the environment of Georgia complexly analyzing the state of the environment of Georgia for 2007-2009. The document describes the main directions of environmental policy of the country, presents information on the qualita- tive state of the environment, also presents information on the outcomes of the environmental activities carried out within the frames of international relations, and gives the analysis of environmental impact of different economic sectors. National Report is comprised of 8 Parts and 21 chapters: • Qualitative state of environment (atmospheric air, water resources, land resources, natural disasters, biodiversity, wastes and chemicals, ionizing radiation), • Environmental impact of different economic sectors (agriculture, forestry, transport, industry and en- ergy sector), • Environmental protection management (environmental policy and planning, environmental regula- tion and monitoring, environmental education and awareness raising). In the development of the present State of Environment (SOE) the Ministry of Environment Protection was assisted by the EU funded Project Support to the Improvement of the Environmental Governance in Georgia.
    [Show full text]
  • National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan of Georgia
    Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - Georgia – Tbilisi, 2005 Foreword Georgia signed the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1994, thus accepting responsibility to safeguard the nation’s rich diversity of plant, animal, and microbial life, to begin using biological resources in sustainable way, and to ensure equitable sharing of benefits from biodiversity. Later the country joined other conventions including the Convention on Climate Change, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, CITES and the Bonn Convention. As a signatory to these important international environmental treaties, Georgia enters the world scene with the potential for joining the most advanced nations in the field of environmental protection. At the present moment of transition, Georgia has a unique opportunity to use the early experiences of other countries, and avoid irreversible changes in the quality of its environment. The national legislation on environmental protection adopted over the past few years provides an adequate legal basis for this, although further elaboration and reinforcement of the existing legislation is needed. With the Ministry of Environment being currently reorganised and assuming broader responsibilities, Georgia’s institutional arrangements for environmental protection already has the necessary structure for improving the quality of the environment throughout the country. The role of non-governmental groups has been very important in resolving problems related to nature conservation. Georgia has shown an excellent example of co-operation between governmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of environment, and particularly in the field of biodiversity conservation. After signing the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Georgian Government immediately acted to develop a Biodiversity Country Study, in partnership with UNEP, and implemented by NACRES, a local conservation organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia
    Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia Jonathan Wheatley ECMI Working Paper #23 February 2005 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #23 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © Copyright 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in February 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction.............................................................................4 II. Background Information........................................................5 Geographical Features and Ethnic Demography......................................................................5 Economy and Infrastructure....................................................................................................7 Local Structures of Administration........................................................................................10 III. Recent Historical Events.....................................................13 IV Actors in the Local Arena....................................................18 The Local Authorities...........................................................................................................18 Ethnic Balance in the Recruitment of Personnel....................................................................19 Political Parties.....................................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Regioonid
    fsou laSifse salxino Salkhino quTufSara avadxara saqarTvelo Ritsa Avadkhara riwa baviu xifsTabaRnari Bagnari fsxu leseliZe Pskhu Leselidze iufSara reSevie GEORGIA Reshevie bzifi das. gumisTa gagra CxalTa Gagra amtyeli aafsTa alaxaZe xifsTa East Gumista aWandara aZibJara Alakhadze miusera Achandara Adzibdjara Miusera Chkhalta biWvinTa Amtkeli kelasuri Bichvinta kliCi Aafsta axalSeni Akhalsheni Rvandra gudauTa abluxvara aJara odiSi Ablukhvara Azhara sakeni Gudauta Amtkeli Gvandra sakeni nakra axali aToni Odishi mramba gumisTa q. ambrolauri Sakeni mazeri Akhali Atoni laTa kodori eSera kelasuri Mazeri mestia kostavas q. 12 Eshera Kelasuri Lata enguri JabeSi jampali nenskra Mestia amzara Djabeshi soxumi waneri Amzara svifi adiSi Sokhumi merxeuli ienaSi maWara Svipi Adishi Merkheuli \ Ienashi ganaxleba usgviri gulrifSi Ganakhleba otafi idliani Otafi Idliani Usgviri Gulripshi dranda Galidzga xaiSi lalxori yoruldaSi Dranda qosleTi Khaishi Lalkhori Koruldashi babuSara tyvarCeli moqvi barjaSi Babushera Tkvarcheli cana zesxo moqvi Barjashi saydari Zeskho tamiSi Tsana Mokvi Sakdari kindRi xeledula luxi galiZga bavari Kindgi xeledi Luji q. gori Bavari tamiSi beslaxuba CxorToli Kheledi lentexi cxeniswyali Tamishi Beslokhuba Chkhortoli Lentekhi stalinis q. 48 lajanuri sasaSi lebarde laskadura Rebi oqumi jvari Sasashi 79422 oCamCire Lebarde Gebi Okumi Jvari gvimbrali luxuniswyali Ochamchire okumi Sovi Gvimbrala aCigvara Chanchakhi Shovi Achigvara faxulani sakaura xde gudava gali saCino xobi uravi WanWaxi Pakhulani cageri asa Gudava Gali Sachino orbeli riweuli Uravi sakao stefanwmida Satili Andak Wuburxinji Tsageri Orbeli Sakao Stepantsmida uwera resi Shatili CxouSi walenjixa lajanuri Chuburkhinji lajanuri lixeTi Utsera Resi Wrebalo Garula Tsalenjikha Lajanuri Likheti oni tergi muco Chrebalo Oni Qqvebi sioni taleri rioni Sioni Mutso ganaxleba jumi Kvedi juTiswyali Taleri xidikari Ganakhleba Chanistskali bari kobi gudani zugdidi Cxorowyu nakuraleSi Khidikari jojora edisi juTa Bari kvaisi Gudani Chkhorotsku Nakuraleshi Edisi Kobi Juta q.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    SFG1343 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized Georgia Irrigation and Land Market Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Restoration of Instrumental Monitoring System of Algeti Reservoir and Weir and Hydraulic Structures of Tbisi-Kumisi Irrigation System, and Rehabilitation of the Main Canal and Headrace Pipeline on Khaishi and Marabda Massifs Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized February 2015 Section 1: Sub-project design and specifications Institutional and Administrative Data 1 Project title Georgia Irrigation and Land Market Development 2 Sub-project title Restoration of Instrumental Monitoring System of Algeti Reservoir Weir and Hydraulic Structures of Tbisi-Kumisi Irrigation System, Rehabilitation of the Main Canal and Headrace Pipeline on Khaishi and Marabda Massifs 3 Sub-Project location Kvemo Kartli region,Tetritskaro municipality 4 Watershed (river Catchment area of the riv. Algeti basin) Institutional Arrangements 5 Institutional WB Project Management Local Counterpart or Arrangements (names (Task Team Leader) Recipient and contacts) Project Planning and Peter Goodman Monitoring Division United Amelioration (PPMD) Systems Company of Georgia 6 Implementation Safeguard Supervision PPMD supervision Contractor arrangements (names (Env. Specialist) (to be entered once and contacts) Darejan Kapanadze contracted) (Environment) Tbd and Nino Metreveli (social) Description of the territory 7 Geographical title of the territory Physical-geographical region of Kvemo (Lower) Kartli plains: Kumisi-Asureti sub-region, territory of south-east branches of Trialeti range. 8 Short description of the sub-sub-project activities (type of planned works) The sub-project considers restoration of Tbisi-Kumisi irrigation scheme, instrumental monitoring system of Algeti reservoir dam and hydro-technical facility, and rehabilitation of headrace pipelines on the Khaishi and Marabda massifs.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Initial Environmental Examination Proposed Loan Georgia
    Draft Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 52339-001 September 2020 Proposed Loan Georgia: Modern Skills for Better Jobs Sector Development Program Prepared by the Government of Georgia for the Asian Development Bank. This Draft Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 25 August 2020) Currency unit – lari (GEL) GEL1.00 = €0.27556 or $0.32483 $1.00 = GEL3.0785 or €0.84832 €1.00 = GEL3.62894 or $1.17880 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ACM – asbestos-containing materials CBTE – competency based training and assessment COVID-19 – coronavirus disease CSOs – civil society organizations EAC – Environmental Assessment Code EIA – environmental impact assessment EHS – environmental, health and safety EMP – environmental management plan EMS – environmental management system GDP – gross domestic product GFP – grievance focal person GoG – Government of Georgia GRM – grievance redress mechanism GRCE – grievance redress committee GRCN – grievance redress commission
    [Show full text]
  • Reserved Domains
    Countries: (.ge; .edu.ge; .org.ge; .net.ge; .pvt.ge; .school.ge) afghanistan cameroon ghana greece lebanon nigeria spain zambia albania canada grenada lesotho liberia norway srilanka zimbabwe algeria centralafricanrepublic guatemala libya oman sudan andorra chad guinea liechtenstein pakistan palau suriname angola chile guinea-bissau lithuania palestina swaziland antiguaandbarbuda china guyana luxembourg panama sweden argentina colombia haiti macau papuanewguinea switzerland macedonia armenia comoros honduras paraguay peru syria madagascar aruba congo hongkong philippines taiwan malawi australia costarica hungary poland portugal tajikistan malaysia austria croatia iceland qatar romania tanzania maldives mali azerbaijan cuba india russia malta thailand bahama curacao indonesia marshallislands rwanda timor-leste bahrain cyprus iran iraq mauritania saintlucia togo tonga bangladesh czechia ireland mauritius samoa trinidadandtobago barbados denmark israel italy mexico sanmarino tunisia turkey belarus djibouti dominica jamaica micronesia saudiarabia turkmenistan belgium dominicanrepublic japan moldova senegal serbia tuvalu uganda seychelles belize ecuador egypt jordan monaco ukraine sierraleone benin elsalvador kazakhstan mongolia unitedarabemirates singapore bhutan equatorialguinea kenya montenegro uk england sintmaarten birma eritrea kiribati morocco unitedkingdom slovakia bolivia estonia northkorea mozambique uruguay slovenia bosniaandherzegovina korea namibia nauru uzbekistan ethiopia solomonislands botswana brazil southkorea nepal vatikan
    [Show full text]
  • The Caucasus
    Cooperation in the European Mountains 2: The Caucasus European Programme Established in 1987, the European Programme seeks to identify and analyse the economic and social forces impacting on biodiversity conservation, and apply the power of the constituency to address them. The Programme is active in species and ecosystem-based conservation within the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors and supports regional and global policy analysis and recommendations. IUCN is present in 47 of the 55 countries of the Pan-European region. IUCN's European constituency, 325 governmental and non-governmental members, six expert Commissions, and the Secretariat, provides a broad-based democratic forum for exchanging views, and taking joint action. Over 3,000 experts, organised into six networks (on ecosystem management; education and com- munication; environmental law; environment, economy and society; species survival; and protected areas/Parks for Life), provide scientific weight to the policy formulated and disseminated by the European Programme in seeking to influence societies. Since 1997, the European Programme has been co-ordinated from the IUCN European Regional Office-ERO, (based in Tilburg, The Netherlands). There is also a Central European Office (in Warsaw, Poland), a Russian Federation and CIS Office (in Moscow, Russian Federation), and a joint IUCN-REC unit (in Szentendre, Hungary). European Regional Office Cooperation in the European Mountains 2: The Caucasus Edited by Martin F. Price Environmental Research Series 13 IUCN – The World Conservation Union 2000 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the Government of the Netherlands concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecological Problems of Rivers of Georgia (The&Nbsp
    annals of agrarian science xxx (2016) 1e6 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of- agrarian-science The ecological problems of rivers of Georgia (the Caspian Sea basin) Zurab Lomsadze*, Ketevan Makharadze, Rusudan Pirtskhalava The Technical University of Georgia, The Center for Studying Productive Forces and Natural Resources of Georgia, 69, M. Kostava str., Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia article info abstract Article history: The increasing demands of fresh water in the world threaten the biodiversity and the Received 29 April 2016 supply of water for food production and other vital human needs. Providing adequate Accepted 7 July 2016 quantities of pure, fresh water for humans and their diverse activities is the major problem Available online xxx worldwide. In spite of the fact that Georgia is considered rather rich of fresh water re- sources our research showed that the major rivers of The Caspian Sea basin are polluted Keywords: with different contaminants like, nitrates, ammonium nitrogen. Heavy metals, oil prod- Water pollution ucts, pesticides and other toxic chemicals. From researched rivers the most polluted are Contaminants Mashavera and Kazretula (Bolnisi Municipality). They are mainly contaminated with toxic River basin releases of joint-stock company, Madneuli's activities. The rivers are also polluted from Toxic chemicals other plants, agricultural activities and farms. To protect the public and the environment Pesticides from toxic releases the government should prevent pollution by requiring industries to Suspended particles reduce their use of toxic chemicals and restore and strengthen protection for all water Mineralization objects. Concerted actions are needed to safely manage the use of toxic chemicals and develop monitoring and regulatory guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Drainage Basin of the Caspian Sea
    131 CHAPTER 4 DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE CASPIAN SEA This chapter deals with the assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters, as well as selected Ramsar Sites and other wetlands of transboundary importance, which are located in the basin of the Caspian Sea. Assessed transboundary waters in the drainage basin of the Caspian Sea Transboundary groundwaters Ramsar Sites/wetlands of Basin/sub-basin(s) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin within the basin transboundary importance Ural/Zaiyk Caspian Sea KZ, RU South-Pred-Ural, Pre-Caspian, Syrt (KZ, RU) Atrek/Atrak Caspian Sea IR, TM Gomishan Lagoon (IR, TM) Kura Caspian Sea AM, AZ, GE, IR, TR Lake Jandari,Lake Kura (AZ, GE) Wetlands of Javakheti Region Kartsakhi/Aktaş Gölü – Iori/Gabirri Kura AZ, GE Iori/Gabirri (AZ, GE) – Alazani/Ganyh Kura AZ, GE Alazan-Agrichay (AZ, GE) – Agstev/Agstafachai Kura AM, AZ Agstev-Akstafa/Tavush-Tovuz (AM, AZ) – Potskhovi/Posof Kura GE, TR – Ktsia-Khrami Kura AM, AZ, GE Ktsia-Khrami (AZ, GE) – –Debed/Debeda Ktsia-Khrami AM, GE Debed (AM, GE) – Aras/Araks Kura AM, AZ, IR, TR Araks Govsaghynyn Nakhichevan/Larijan and Djebrail Flood-plain marshes and fishponds Reservoir (AZ, IR) in the Araks/Aras River valley (AM, AZ, IR, TR) – – Akhuryan/Arpaçay Aras/Araks AM, TR Akhuryan/Arpaçay Leninak-Shiraks (AM, TR) Reservoir – –Arpa Aras/Araks AM, AZ Herher, Malishkin and Jermuk (AM, AZ) – –Vorotan/Bargushad Aras/Araks AM, AZ Vorotan-Akora (AM, AZ) – –Voghji/Ohchu Aras/Araks AM, AZ – –Sarisu/Sari Su Aras/Araks TR, IR Astarachay Caspian Sea AZ, IR Samur
    [Show full text]