A PUBLICATION OF THE WASHINGTON STATE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES

WASHINGTON GEOLOGIC NEWSLETTER

JULY 1975 BERT l. COLE VOLUME 3 - NUMBER 3 COMMISSIONER Of PUBLIC LANDS

DON LEE FRASER, SUPERVISOR VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON, JR., STATE GEOLOGIST DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION Of GEOLOGY ANO EARTH RESOURCES. OLYMPIA, WASHING10N, 9850 4

INCREASED VOLCANIC ACTIVITY since the mid- l 800's. Some increases in perforo­ tion of the snow due to steam discharge were noted OF MOUNT BAKER1 WASHINGTON!/ in photographs taken during the period 1940-1956; On March 11, 1975, the U. S. Geological however, the present increased steam discharge prob­ Survey office in Tacoma, Washington received re­ ably represents the greatest volcanic activity on the ports of increased steam activity on Mount Boker, mountain during at least the last 84 years. a quiescent volcano located about 26 km south of Mount Baker (3,285 m) towers some l ,500 m the Canadian border in northwestern Washington. (meters) over the immediate Cascades. Possibly, sev­ The activity, which was first observed Morch 10, eral eruptions of Mount Baker occurred in the middle 1975, included a greatly increased emission of steam 19th century, In 1843, Mount Baker reportedly erup­ from a known fumarole field in Sherman Crater (on ted simultaneously with Mount St. Helens, covering the south side of the mountain about 300 meters below the Cascades with a light cover of volcanic ash. In the crest), the appearance of several new fumaroles 1854, the nearly perfect ondesi tic cone of Mount where none had been before, and a discoloration of Baker was obscured by rolling clouds of steam and gos, the steam and the snow around and in the crater. which reached some 600 m above the summit. In 1859, Steam discharges from this crater and one other lo­ bright Flashes of light and explosive sounds from Baker cality on the flank of the mountain had been known were reported. On Morch 31, 1975, a team of university and l/ Data was generously supplied to the federal scientists was lifted to the flank of the moun­ Division of Geology and Earth Resources by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Tacoma. tain by helicopter to observe conditions first hand and View of steam emission from Mount Boker. U.S. Geological Survey photo by Austin Post, Moy 28, 1975. to install a telemetering seismometer at the rim of the and carried upward by fumorolic gases. crater. Reports from these and other observers in late The greatly increased heat output from March indicated: the crater is accompanied by increased crevasse The steam discharge from the crater is formation, increased exposure of bore rock {es­ roughly 10 times as much as it was before Morch pecially for winter conditions), and increased 10, with over half of the total discharge now subglocial melting and subsidence of ice in the coming from 2 new clusters of fumaroles and center of the crater. Components of gos from a much of it from one single fumarole. fumarole as measured by geologists from Eastern The discoloration of the steam and snow Washington State College show a 20 times in­ is from a medium-gray clayey material, which is crease in H2S. derived from older hydrothermally altered rock On Moy 27, the fumaroles were putting

2 Steam vents due to increased steam discharge on Sherman Crater visible in upper center and 3 upper right-hand corner. U.S. Geological Survey photo by Dan Miller, April 21, 1975. out about 1,300 kg per hour of sulfur, occordi ng Recent studi esY have shown that smal I debr1s ta measurements by the Cloud and Aerosol group ot avalanches in at least the last 17 years have moved the University of Washington. down from Sherman Crater an overage of once every The seismometer is recording many small 2-4 years. Large mudflows from the some oreo have events, which may be ottrlbuted to near-surface reached as far as the Boker River volley {about 11 km) volcanic processes and to movements of the gla­ at least twice in the post few hundred years; the most ciers; also recorded is o high level of background recent forms the surface where a campground is now noise, which may be due to the venting of steam. located. The largest postglacial mudflow at Mount The seismic data are telemetered to the geophysics Baker occurred about 6,000 years ago, moved at program at the University of Washington. least 29 km down the middle fork of the Nooksack Boulder Creek, the stream that drains River and, at o point about 17 km from the volcano, filled the 0.8 km-wide valley with at least 100 m Sherman CraterI hos apparently become much more acid (pH measured 11 km east of the crater of debris. was 3. 7 to 3. 8) , and may have i ncreosed in flow. The potential hazards from the activity of Boulder Creek flows into upper Boker Lake, a the present level ore ova lanches, mudflows, and reservoir for power generation and the upstream floods down the east side of the mountain, especially one of a poit of such reservoirs. At present, along the course of Boulder Creek. A moderate-size the acidity of the inflowing Boulder Creek water mudflow down this course might destroy o highway is being chemically buffered by water and sedi­ bridge and a small campground. If the volcanic ac­ ment in Boker Lake. However, if large amounts tivity Increased, then o greater probability of hazard of acidic water continue to pour in from Boulder would exist. The greatest likely hazard from mudflow Creek, the buffering capability of the lake is activity would occur if a large mudflow entered likely to be exhausted, and the lake water can Boker Lake while that reservoir was at a relatively be expected to acidify progresslvely. high stage, Filling the reservoir more rapidly than it Through June, 1975, ice breakup hos in­ could be drained. In such a situation some of the creased and fumaroli c activity hos continued at water would overtop Boker Dom and spill into Lake least the some level. Airphoto surveys and Shannon. If the mudflow were sufficiently large, ground investigations through June also show that and fast moving, and if the surge of water were large 2 a shallow, hot lake {about 11,000m and 34°C enough, a Flood could be generated that would pro­ on June 11) has formed in the bottom of a 40 m gress down the Skagit River volley. In brief, with a ice pit in the center of the crater. volcanic eruption, avalanches, mudflows, floods, The maJor potential hazards from increased activity and possible eruption of Mount Baker are ~/ References: Fro nk, David; Post, Austin; Friedman, J. D., 1975, rock avalanches, mudflows, and floods along valley Recurrent geothermally induced debris ava­ floors. Other potential hazards from an eruption ore lanches on Boulder Glacier, Mount Boker, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Journal the follout of volcanic ash in areas downwind from of Research, v. 3, no . 1, p. 77-87.

Mount Boker I pyroclostic flows, and lava flows. Hyde, J. H.; Crandell, D. R., 1975, Origin and age of postglaciol deposits and assessment of poten­ Possible lava flows probably would not extend beyond tial hazards from future eruptions of Mount the present flanks of Mount Boker, but mudflows and Boker Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open:file Rept. 75- 286, 22 p. [Available floods could be caused by rapid melting of snow and for inspection in the Division of Geology ice by such lava. Qnd Earth Resources library.] 4 ash falls, pyroclastic flows, or lava flows might be petroleum with little or no commercial success, only expected. about one-fourth of the ho les were located by the The mountain a nd nearby areas most likely to use of modern technology. be a ffected by volcanic aativity are within the U.S. Considering the size of the areas within the Forest Service's Mount Baker- Snoqualmie National state and on the adjacent Continental Shelf that are Forest . Acting upon information supplied by the U.S. regarded as favorable for the occurrence of oi I and Geological Survey, the U.S. Forest Service issued gas, it can be calculated that less than one test well closures to entry without special permit for Sherman for every 200 square miles has been drilled. Becouse Crater, the Bou lder Creek drainage, and the Baker of the complex structures and poor exposures in Lake oreo. The area of closure hos recently been Washington, much closer spacing of exploration updated and enlarged . Information on closed areas drilling must be done before the favorable areas hove may be obtained from the U.S. Forest Service. been adequately tested . Several sizable areas within Washington State and its Continental Shelf possess all of the major geologic characteristics that are required for the O IL AND GAS IN WASH INGTON accumulation of commercial quantities of petroleum; By for example, source rocks, reservoir rocks, and Weldon W. Rau proper structures and(or) stratigraphy. One of the most promising areas is the Conti­ Over 75 percent of the total energy consumed nental Shelf, which includes both state and federal in the United States comes from petroleum products. lands. Continuous seismic profiling surveys indicate According to National Petroleum Council studies, that structura l and stratigraphic conditions are favor­ our nation's requirements for energy wi 11 double by able in many places in this large area where very 1985. Obviously, in this period of time, the need little drilling has taken place. for petro leum wi ll be greatly increased. Several The Grays Harbor basin has received moderate options may be fo llowed in order to cope with these exploration, and significant shows of petroleum have demands: (1) import more foreign oi l at the risk of been found in the moderately folded and faulted endangering our national security; (2) cut bock on Tertiary sandstone and siltstone sequence of that area. our consumption by changing our life style; or (3) Severa l major structures hove been generally out­ increase domestic exploration for petroleum. The lined, but they have yet to be adequately tested by lotter option was highly recommended by the drilling. National Petroleum Council (1973). Regardless of The Puget Lowland, including much of the area which one or combination of the three options is between the Olympic Mountains and the Cascade followed , it is indisputable that there is a definite Range, has for some time been regarded as potentially need to fully explore al l possible domestic sources favorable for oi I and gas production. Nonmorine of petroleum. Tertiary sandstone in the eastern part of the basin Washi ngton State, a substantial user of petro­ and marine Tertiary sandstones and siltstones on the leum products, has not yet become a contributor to west Hank of the basin interfinger- this relationship the supply. Although exploration has been conducted has intrigued geologists and encouraged exploration in the state in a modest way over the past 70 years, in this area. Unfortunately, much of the Puget basin and over 400 holes have been drilled in search for is covered with glacial drift, thus making exploro- 5 0

EXPLANATION

EXPLORATORY WELLS: ¥ Greater than 5,000 feet deep <> 2,000 fee: lo 5,000 !eel deep • Less thon 2,000 feet deep, core holes ond mosi wel Is less thon 500 feet not shovm

FAVORABLE FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE UNFAVORABLE Tert,ory sedimentary rocks UNDIFFERENTIATED Metamorphic ond intrusive rocks Tertiary volcanic rocks Areas in which most commercial Areas in which it is axtremely oil ond gos discoveries will be A.ea; in vthich sedimentary 1ocks unlikely that oil and gas wiil be mode; under!oin by thick sequences of possible petroleum potential or found (vertical Ii ne pattern = of Tertiary marine and nonmarine metamorphic and igneous rocks of strongly or weakly metcmorphosed strata (stipple= nonmorlne); no potential are covered by surfi­ sedimenta,y and igneous rocks, includes Continental Shelf, Juan cia! volcanic rocks of variable mainly of pre-Tertiary age; dense de Fuca Strait~ and Puget Sound thickness (stipple"' pre-middle screen pattern with + = large Miocene volcanic rocks) bodies of granitic, dioritic, and basic intrusive rocks)

Generalized geologic mop of Washington showing the locations of wells dri fled for petroleum between 1900 and 1973, and areas classified according to their petroleum potential.

6 tion difficult. However, new techniques are being ZACHE NAMED EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR developed that wi ll help to solve this problem. FOR NWMA More exploration is required in this potentially favorable area also before it will have been ade­ Robert J. Zoche has been selected as the quately tested. first full-time executive director of the Northwest The north flank of the Olympic Peninsula, Mining Association, in Spokane, and will assume his including the Strait of Juan de Fuca, is another area duties on July 1. He previously worked for the with promising potentia I. A thickly folded and Arizona Mining Assoc. in Phoenix and, before that, faulted sequence of Tertiary marine sandstones and as a newspaper reporter for the Phoenix Gazette. siltstones exists in this area. Some of these rocks ore The NWMA hod an interesting item in their potential source beds or reservoir rocks for petroleum. latest news bulletin that bears repeating ••. A few wells have properly tested some of these rocks 99. 9 PE RCENT PURE .... By U.S. Bureau of Mines estimate (1.C. 8642), mining has and have had shows of petroleum, but the area as a disturbed 0.16 percent of the U.S. land sur­ whole has by no means been adequately evaluated. face of which an estimated 40 percent hos Although the four above- mentioned areas ore been reclaimed. That makes the country 99. 9 percent untouched or essentio lly free of the considered by some workers as having the greatest vestiges of mining. If such a fact were of potential for commercial quantities of oil and gas in broad knowledge, the environmental attack on mining would be put into perspective. No this state., other areas in Washington that ore thought other segment of society can compare with the contribution of mining in having done so to be less favorable should not be overlooked. much with so little. For more information see Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular No. 50, THE M INERAL INDUSTRY OF WASHINGTON "Energy Resources of Washington." IN 19741/

STAFF GEOLOGIST ATTENDS The value of mineral production in Wash­ GEOTHERMAL SYMPOSIUM ington in 1974 was $131.5 million, 15 percent over that of 1973. The production of masonry cement, The Second United Notion's Symposium on sand and grovel, diatomite, lime, olivine., and ura­ the development and use of geothermal resources was nium increased. Output of coal, lead, stone, zinc, recently concluded in Son Francisco. Over 1,000 gold, silver, and talc declined. Production of peat delegates were registered for the two-week meeting, and pumice were unchanged. representing over 60 countries. Although aluminum a re was not produced in Don Ford, division geologist, attended the the state, the state produced 1.17 million tons of second week of the session, when presentations were primary aluminum valued at almost $684 million, made on geotherma I dri II ing and production tech­ which represents an increase of 12 percent in quan­ nology, reservoir evaluation, environmental factors tity and 33 percent in value. The state produced 24 and waste disposal, electricity production, spoce percent of the nation's primary aluminum. The ore heating, other sing le and multipurpose developments, used in the production of aluminum came from foreign and economic, legal, and institutional problems. sources. Field trips to geothermal plants were available to delegates, including The Geysers in California, and l/ From U.S. Bureau of Mines, Miheral Cerro Prieto in Mexico. Industry Surveys . 7 MINERAL PRODUCTION IN WASHINGTON l/

1974e/

Quantity Value (thousands) Cement: Portland ------thousand short tons- -- 1,245 $ 32,200 Masonry ------do------6 202 Clays y ------do------285 660 Coal (bituminous) ------do------3,264 24,480 Gem stones------~-- NA 160 Lead (recoverable content of ores, etc. )------short tons----­ 1,100 495 Peat ------thousand short tons--- 21 102 Pumice ------do------1 Sand and gravel ------do------­ 29,331 31,677 Stone ------thousand short tons""-­ 10,532 19,503 Zinc (recoverable content of ores, etc.) ------short tons----­ 6,370 4,574 Volue of items that cannot be disclosed: Cloys (fire clay), copper, diatol"(lite, gold, gypsum, lime, olivine, silver, tole, tungsten, and uranium------xx 17,452

Total------xx $131,505

e/ Preliminary. NA Not available. XX Not applicable. V Production as measured by mine shipments, soles, or marketable production (Including consumption by producers). 61 Excludes fire clay; included with "Value of items that cannot be disclosed."

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Maps may be ordered at the above address and NOW SELLING USGS BOOKS also from Bldg. 41, Federal Ce,iter, Denver, CO, 80225. Direct- mail book soles by the Geological Sur­ vey, supplementing the Superintendent of Documents MINE-TO-MARKET ROAD ACT REPEALED sales in Washington, D .C., is o new featured service. To order USGS books through the mail, the The 1975 session of the Washington State customer should include the series, number, and com­ Legislature repealed the Mine-to-Market Rood Act plete title. Send order, accompanied by check or first passed in 1939. The program has been i nocti ve money order payable to the U.S. Geological Survey, for some 25 years, with no funds having been appro­ to the Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Sur­ priated for road development since the late 1940's. vey , 12qo South Eads St., Arlington, VA, 22202. Senate Bi I l 2132 (now C. 139 L75E1) went through 8 the heatings and both houses of the legislature with COMPARISON OF MINERAL IMPORTS no opposition. FOR THE UNITED STATES

GEOLOGIC RESEARCH PROJECTS IN PROGRESS

Dr. Wilbert R. Donner, Assistant Deon of PERCENTAGE IMPORTED MINERAL 75% Science at the University of British Columbia, is O'lfo 25% 50% working on various geologic projects in Washington. PLAT INUM ------MICA (sheet) ------Geology of the San Juan Islands and adjacent :HROMIUM ------STRONTIUM ------areas in Skagit and Whatcom Counties COBALT ------(includes petrogrophy, stratigraphy, TANTALUM - ALUM INUM (ore&metol) ------structure, and paleontology). MANGANESE ------FLUORINE ------Stratigraphy of the Chilliwack Group of TITANIUM (rutile) ------ASBESTOS ------northwestern Woshi ngton and southwestern TIN ------· BISMUTH ------British Columbia. NICKEL ------COLUMBIUM ---- Paleontologicol studies of Devonian, Penn­ ANTIMONY ------· GOLD ------sylvanian, and Permian faunas in western POTASSIUM ------Washington. Others involved in this MERCURY ------ZINC ------project are Dr. Merlynd Nestel!, Univ. SILVER ------TUNGSTEN ------of Texas ot Arlington, and Dr. Kimiyoshi BARIUM ------GYPSUM ------Sada, Univ. of Hiroshima, Japan. - SELENIUM ------Poleontologicol studies of Terebellina in the TELLURIUM VANADIUM ---- - Olympic Peninsula and Cascade Moun­ PETROLEUM (inc.Not.Go, ------liq.) tain foothi Ils; Tertiary faunas and floras IRO N ~--- of the Pilchuck Creek- Mount Vernon LEAD i,..,..::.. CADMIUM ------area, Skagit and Snohomish Counties COPPER ii=- (with Dr. Glenn Rouse of the Univ. of TITANIUM (ilmenite) ------RARE EARTHS nofi!cord British Columbia and Warren Addicott, PUMICE i,:..-- SALT ~-- U. S. Geological Survey); and fauna of ::EMENT .,::---- the Bear River limestone of Pacific ~AGNESIUM ( nonmetollic) ,=.- - · NATURAL GAS .:,' County (with Warren Addicott and Jap­ ~HENIUM °;ionn record__, __ .... anese paleontologists). STONE ------1973 Stratigraphic studies of the Paleozoic and ----1974 Mesozoic rocks along the northern border of the "Columbia Embayment" from Van­ couver Island southeastward into the Snoqualmie River area of Washington.

U. S. BUREAU OF Ml NES (imp0rt-11xport da1a Geology of the Point Roberts Peninsula, from U. S. Bureau of 1he Ceniusl Whatcom County. 9 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ACTIVITIES the mine. Compile data on orebody geometry and IN WASHINGTON, 1975 grade distribution and begin studies of halos and path­ finder elements; study the geochronology of igneous MINERAL RESOURCES ACTIVITIES rocks and ore and disequilibrium in ores.

Oregon-Washington continental margin, Northern Okanogan High lands, C. D. Rine­ P. D. Snavely, Jr. Studies continue on synthesis hart. Complete geologic mopping of the Aeneas and interpretation of offshore seismic refraction, mag­ quadrangle, and limited reconnaissance mopping of netic, gravity, and proprietary subsurface data and the Alameda Flat, Nespelem, and Keller quadran­ conducting of high-resolution seismic-reflection sur­ gles. Reports on the geochemistry of ports of Tiffany veys. Complete reports in progress for pub Ii cation. Mountain and Horseshoe quadrangles; geology and Pacific Coast sedimentology, H. E. Clifton. mineral resources of the Oroville quadrangle; min­ Continue analysis of the depositional focies in Willapa eral resources appraisal of the Colville Indian Reser­ Bay by comparing modern focies with those in the vation; and the petrographic study of Tiffany Moun­ tain quadrangle are in preparation. Pleistocene terraces that fringe the bay and examine sediments in the upper estuary. The nearshore bar­ Togo Mountain quadrangle, R. C. Pearson. and-trough system along the southern Washington Fieldwork includes checking geology of Togo Moun­ coast wi II be investigated to depths of two meters to tain quadrangle and begin a study of mineral zoning, determine the processes operating at times of high alteration, and minor-element distribution in Sugar wave energy. Loof-St. Kevin mining district .

ENERGY RESOURCES ACTIVITIES ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY ACTIVITIES

Trace element geochemistry related to cool Eastern Olympic Peninsula, W. M. Cody. usage and disposal, Peter Zubovic. A detailed study The geologic mop compi lotion and the computer­ will be made of all coals used in coal burning utili­ based program of structural analysis of the core rocks ties and coal conversion facilities in operation under continues in preparation for a final report. this new project. Studies will be made at the Cen­ Cape Flattery area, P. D. Snavely, Jr . tralia Power Station of the Pacific Power and Light Reconnaissance studies of selected areas, detailed Company and its adjacent mine. sedimentological study of Oligocene turbidites, in­ Geochronology of uranium ores and their host terpretation of oeromagnetic data, and completing rock, K. R. Ludwig. Fieldwork this year will be geologic map of the Cape Flattery area. mostly collecting samples from the Midnite Mine area. Puget Sound urban studies, H. D. Gower. In order to determine the time of formation of major A tectonic map at 1 :250,000 scale of northwest uranium ore bodies, studies will be conducted about Washi ngton from aerial and ERTS photography is to the source and mechanisms of uranium mineralization, be completed. Slope-stability studies in king County as well as the time of mineralization. and mopping surficiol deposits in Hood Canal con­ Midnite uranium mine studies, J. T. Nosh. tinue. A detailed stratigraphic and structural study Complete the mopping and core logging in the mine of Quaternary deposits will begin and reports on vol­ area and begin mapping a 10-square-mi le area near canic hazards of Mount Baker, and coastal processes 10 of Whatcom and Skagit Counties will be completed. and prepare for publication. Compile aeromognetic Volcanic hozords, D. R. Crandell. A coverage in the southern Cascades area and finalize broader scope of studies is being undertaken by this for publication. project which will tie in with the Notional Overview Geophysical research in uranium exploration, Program. Fieldwork on tephra and the potential haz­ T. W. Offield. Current year investigations for this ards report of Mount St. Helens, and the postglociol new project include induced polarization, resistivity, volcanism report of Mount Baker will be completed and ground magnetic and truck-borne gamma- ray in the current year. spectrometer surveys, and regiona I and detailed grav­

Cenozoic strotigrophi c paleontology, Pacific ity mopping in the Spokane area. Coast, W. 0. Addicott. Includes completing a re­ Geochemistry of food plants, H. T. Shock­ port naming and defining Neogene mocroinvertebrate lette. Stotisti col studies wi II begin when plant­ stages for Oregon and Washington. Biostrotigraphic sample analyses are completed sometime during the_ and taxonomic studies of Tertiary marine invertebrate year. faunas continue.

EARTHQUAKE STUDIES GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOPHYSICS Newport Observatory, Leonard Kerry. Plans Genesis of basalt, T. L. Wright. The corre­ ore under consideration to telemeter seismic data to lation of chemical composition of lavas with three NE IS and from Tucson Observatory to Newport. Upon stratigraphic and geographic positions in the lava implementation, Newport will provide input to the field has been accomplished, and o major study is Tsunami Warning Service from both Tucson and New­ planned on the chemical composition of feeder dikes port. (The Washington base station network is inter­ and other vent areas to specify the source areas of the connected with Oregon's.] Columbia River lavas. Seismic risk (FDAA), A. M. Rogers. A report Columbia River basalt, D. A. Swanson. In­ for potential damage in Seattle is nearing completion.

cludes completing o field and lo b study of intraconyon Hanford microeorthquake network, J. H. flows a long the Snake River. Sample two thick sec­ Pfluke. A network of 24 short- period seismometers tions of basalt from the Wallowa Mountains, and operating in the Hanford Works region is being ex­ continue petrogrQphic and petrochemical studies. ponded to 32. Locate and mop structures generating Geodimeter studies of Cascade Volcanoes, microearthquokes. Continue to evaluate the likeli­ D. A. Swanson. Depending on availability of a hood of a major earthquake and use of large quarry geodimeter, establish strain networks on Mt. Rainier blasts to study the crusta I structure.

and Mt. Hood. Remeasure the network on Mt. St. Earthquake- induced structures in sediments, Helens, and monitor the networks already installed J. D. Sims. Complete examination of cores from on Mt. Baker and Mt. Adams. Lake Washoe and complete work in Puget Sound area. Washington aeromagnetic cooperative, J. R. Begin planning for apparatus to experimentally form Henderson. Obtain 3 , 600 square miles of aeromag­ structures in sediments generated by simuloted earth­ netic coverage in northeastern part of Wash ington quake shocks.

11 Reports recently pub I ished ore as fol lows: Mineral resources of additions to th e Alpine Addicott, W. 0., 1975, Provincial age and correla­ Lakes study area, Chelan, Kin9, and Kittitas tion of the Clallam Formation, northwestern Counties, Washington: U. S. Geological Washington [abstract]: Geological Society Survey Open-fl le Report 75- 3. of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 7, Harrison, J.E. ; Griggs, A. B.; Wells, J. D., 1974, no . 3, p . 289 . Tectonic features of the Precambrian Belt Addicott, W. 0., 1974, Recognition and distribution bosi n and their influence on post-Be It struc­ of Mytilus condoni Doll, a unique Pliocene tures: U.S. Geological Survey Professional and Pleistocene bivalve from the Pacific Poper 866. Coast: Veliger, v. 16, no. 4, p. 354-358. Miller, F. K.; Clark, L. D., 1975, Geology of the Churkin, Michael, Jr., 1974, Paleozoic marginal Chewelah- Loon Lake area, Stevens and Spo­ ocean basin- volcanic ore systems in the Cor­ kane Counties, Washington, with~ section£!! di Ileron foldbelt. .!.!! Datt, R. H., Jr.; Potassium-argon ages of the plutonic rocks, Shaver, R. H., eds. , Modern and ancient by Engels, J, C.: U.S. Geological Survey geosynclinal sedimentation: Society of Eco­ Professional Paper 806. nomic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Miller, R. D., 1975, Map showing relative compres­ Special Publication 19, p. 174-192. sibility of earth materials in port of west­ Crandell, D.R.; Miller, R. D., 197-5, Quatemary central King County, Washington: U.S. Geo­ stratigraphy and extent of g Iodation in the logi co I Survey Map 1-852- C. Mount Rainier region, Washington: U.S. Mullineaux, D. R., 1974, Pumice and other pyro­ Geological Survey Professional Paper 847. clostic deposits in Mount Rainier Notional Crandell, D. R.; Mullineaux, D. R.; Rubin, Meyer, Park, Washington: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1326. 19751 Mount St. Helens volcano. Recent and future behavior: Science, v. 187, no. 4175, Simmons, G. C.; Noy, R. M.; Zilka, N. T., 1974, p. 438-441. Mineral resources of the Cougar Lakes- Mount Fox, K. F. ; Rinehart, C. D. ; Engels, J.C., 1975, Aix study area, Yakima and Lewis Counties, K- Ar age of the Similkomeen botholith and Washington, with~ section£!! Interpretation Kruger Alkalic Complex, Washington and of oeromognetic data, by Davis, W. E.: British Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report Jaurna I of Research, v. 3, no . 1 , p. 39-43. 74-243.

Friedman, J. D.; Fronk, D. G., 1974, Thermal Tabor, R. W. , 1974, Structure of the core rocks of activity at Mount Boker volcano, Washington the O lympic Mountains, Washington: a case [abstract]: EOS, v. 55, no. 4, p. 488. for subduction? Cabstroctl: In Northwest Griggs, A. B., 1974, Geologic mop of the Spokane Scientific Association Annual Meeting, 47th, quadrangle, Washington, Idaho, and Montono: Moy 9-11, 1974, University of British Co­ U. S. Geological Survey Map 1-768. lumbia, Vancouver, B. C., Program and Abstract, p. 26. Gualtieri, J. L.; Thruber, H.K.; Miller, M. S.; McMahon, A. B.; Federspiel, F. F., 1975, Thompson, G. A., 1975, Aeromagnetic and Bouguer

12 gravity map of Twin Sisters dunite, north­ ductivity of the rock will also be measured. From western Washington: U.S. Geological Sur­ this data, heat flow will be calculated. vey Map GP-901. The drilling wi II toke place in an area that

Tubbs, D. W., 1974, Landslides and associated dam­ was mapped geologically by Paul Hammond, of Port­ land State University; the gravity was done by Claude age during early 1972 in part of west-central Strickland, of the University of Puget Sound. The King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Map 1-852- B. area is also covered by aerial magnetometer survey done cooperatively by the division and the U.S. Weissenborn, A. E., 1974, Zinc in northeastern Geological Survey. Washington: Material handed out following The project supervisor will be Eric Schuster; meeting of Pacific Northwest Metals ahd Morshall Huntting will be the well- site geologist; Minerals Conference, April 26, 1974. and David Blackwell,- of Southern Methodist Univer­ Weissenborn, A. E., 1974, Geologic map of the sity, will do the heat-flow work. Mount Spokane quadrangle, Woshington and I am enthused about this project and hope it Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file is just the first of a series that will lead to the dis­ Report 74-211 . covery of geothermo I energy in our state. Eric Schuster is to be complimented on the excellent In addition to these reports, summaries of sig­ presentation to the N.S.F. that lead to the granting nificant results of many other current projects are of funding to carry out this project. contained in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 900. Scientific notes and summaries of Survey Ted Li vi ngston investigations in geology, hydrology, and related fields ore contained in the bimonthly volumes of the Journal of Research of the U.S. Geologicol Survey .

DIVISION RELEASES NEW PUBLICATIONS YOUR STATE GEOLOGIST REPORTS The following reports were recently pub­ The Division of Geology and Earth Resources I ished by the Division of Geo logy and Earth Re­ wi II undertake another "first- time" activity this sources: summer. About a year ago, Eric Schuster, one of Bulletin 68 - Geology of the Methow Volley, Oka­ our staff geologists, mode an application for a RANN nogan County, Washington1 by Julian D. (Research Applied to National Needs) grant from the Barksdale, 17 figs., 1 plate {geologic mop), Notional Science Foundotion to do heat-flow work 72 p. Price, $2.00. reloted to geothermal exploration in the Southern Cascades. The grant was finally approved in April Information Circular 53 - Compi lotion of earthquake 1975, and we ore currently doing the preliminary hypocenters in western Washington, by Robert work and gearing up for the summer activities. The S. Crosson, 6 figs., 26 p. Price, 75 cents. program will consist of dril ling about six NX-size These publications may be purchased from the core holes to about 500 feet. Geothermal gradients Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geol­ will be measured in each hole and the thermal con- ogy and Earth Resources, Olympia, WA 98504.

13 Several Out-Of-Print Reports tween Point Grenvi lie ond the Hoh River, Now Available Again Washington, by Weldon W. Rau, 1973, 72 figs., 58 p. Price, $3.00.

GM-11 - Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly mop of The Division hod the following two reports Washington, byW. E. Bonini, D. W. Hughes, reprinted in June: and Z. F. Dones, 1974, scale: l :500,000. Bui le tin 66 - Geology of the Washington coast be- Price $2.50. (rolled or folded copies)

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ?! -MINUTE TOPOGRAPHIC QUADRANGLES (New maps received in the division library since September 1, 1974)

Name Latitude Longitude County (i ndi cotes southeast corner)

Alpowa Ridge 46°22130" 117°22'30" Garfield, Asotin Chinook Pass 46°45'00" 121 °30'00" Pierce, Lewis, Yakima Fields Spring 46°00'00" 117°07'30" Asotin Glaciate Butte 46°15100" 121°22"30" Yakima Golden Lakes 46°52'30" 121 °52'30" Pierce Green Mountain 46°15'00" 121 °30'00" Skamania, Yakima Harlen Ridge 46°07'30" 117°15'00" Asotin Jennies Butte 46°22130" 121 °15' 00'' Yakima Kennewick 46°07'30" 119'U7'30" Benton, Franklin Meeks Table 46°45'00" 121 °00'00" Yakima Mount Adams West 46°07'30" 121 °30'00'' Skamania, Yakima Mount Wow 46°45100'' 121 °52'30'' Pierce Mountain View 46°00'00" 117°15'00" Asotin Mowich Lake 46°52'30 11 121 °45'00" Pierce Pasco 46°17'30" 119°00'00" Benton, Franklin, Walla Walla Peola 46°15'30" 117°22'30" Garfield, Asotin Pinkham Butte 46°07'30" 117°22'30" Garfield, Asotin Pizarro 46°52130" 118°22'30" Adams Potter Hill 46°15'00" 117°15'00" Asotin Ro lston 46°52'30" 118°15'00" Adams Saddle Butte 46°00'00" 117°22'30" Asotin, Gorfield Timberwolf Mountain 46°45'00" 121 °07'30" Yakima Washtucna North 46°45'00" 118°15'00" Adams Washtucna Southwest 46°45'00" 118°22'30" Adams

OPEN-FILE MAPPING

Preliminary geologic mapping of the Sherman Poss quadrangle, Ferry County, Washington, by Dr. Charles D. Campbell, of Washington State University, is now on open flle in the Division of Geology and Earth Resources library. The mopping may be inspected in the division library, but it cannot be copied at the present time.

14 IUUC IATI Department of Natura I Resources U. S. ,OSlAGI PAID Division of Geology and· Earth Resources o,,...,, •. w...... ­ Olympia, WA 98504 ,_,. HJ