PRISON BOWL XI: WE LOVE NO FISH Head Edited by Chloe Levine. Vice Head Edited by Gilad Avrahami and Daniel Ma. Section Edited by Chloe Levine, Gilad Avrahami, Daniel Ma, Sam Brochin, and Rachel Yang. Written by Hunter College High School Quiz Bowl (Chloe Levine, Gilad Avrahami, Daniel Ma, Sam Brochin, Rachel Yang, Ben Chapman, Asher Jaffe, Ella Leeds, Alice Lin, Brian Lu, Cerulean Ozarow, Abishrant Panday, David Godovich) with help from Matthew Lehmann (Chicago). Special thanks to Tadhg Larabee (Richard Montgomery), Ms. Caitlin Samuel, Mr. Ross Pinkerton, Lily Goldberg, Ms. Lindsay Samuel, Julia Tong (Darien), and Finnegan the Dog.

PACKET EIGHT

Tossups

1. During one episode in this novel, the protagonist remembers Amy’s gray eyes in contrast with Mrs. Garner’s. One character in this novel is said to have a “tree on her back,” and earlier, some relatives of a schoolteacher stole her milk. Another character in this novel, originally named Joshua, gives his wife to a (*) white man and ​ thus renames himself Stamp Paid. A central location in this novel was once inhabited by Baby Suggs after her departure from Sweet Home to Cincinnati and has the address 124 Bluestone Road. For 10 points, name this novel in which Sethe kills her baby to save it from slavery, a work by Toni Morrison. ANSWER: Beloved ​ ​

2. In one commercial appearance, this figure was captured on a Memorex tape singing a note so high that it shattered a glass. It’s not Jaco Pastorius or Shirley Bassey, but this artist released albums subtitled The ​ Birthday Concert and Mack the Knife which were recorded in Rome and Berlin, respectively. This artist for ​ ​ ​ Verve Records recorded a song addressed to “Mr. (*) Paganini” titled “(If You Can’t Sing It) You’ll Have to ​ Swing It,” and in addition to singing the Cole Porter songbook, she collaborated on three albums with Louis Armstrong. For 10 points, name this female jazz vocalist behind “A-Tisket, A-Tasket” who was renowned for her scat singing and nicknamed “Lady Ella.” ANSWER: Ella (Jane) Fitzgerald ​ ​

3. In this city, after the Battles of Vedila and Brännkyrka, a man’s body was dug up and burned as well as that of his child in a massacre. In this city, songs such as “Lonesome Cowboy” and “Killing Me Softly with His Song” were sung during the Norrmalmstorg robbery. One event in this city affected supporters of Sten Sture and was carried out by (*) Christian II. That event was this city’s namesake “bloodbath.” One woman who ruled ​ from this city succeeded her father after the Battle of Lützen. That member of the Vasa family was Christina. For 10 ​ points, name this city from which “Lion of the North” Gustavus Adolphus ruled the Kingdom of Sweden. ANSWER: Stockholm ​ ​

4. In 2016, four of these things were first observed connected to each other, and GISANS is a scattering technique used to detect these things. Bertram Brockhouse and Clifford Shull won a Nobel Prize for their work with these things, which can be organized into categories like “epithermal” and (*) “fast.” These things ​ are captured in the r-process and they were discovered by observing how boron interacted with alpha radiation in an experiment by James Chadwick. These things are composed of two down quarks and one up quark, and isotopes are differentiated by their numbers of these particles. For 10 points, name these particles found in the nucleus with no charge. 0 ANSWER: neutrons [prompt on n ]​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5. He’s not Friedrich Nietzsche, but this thinker argued viewers enjoy tragedy because they realize the dramatic events are fictional. This thinker asserted private property would be an “idle ceremonial” without scarcity. In addition to coining the phrase “constant conjunction,” this thinker argued reported miracles are not evidence for God’s existence. This thinker’s (*) “is-ought” problem is also known as his namesake “guillotine,” and he also ​ developed a “fork.” This thinker used the example of a “missing shade of blue” and also woke Immanuel Kant from a “dogmatic slumber.” For 10 points, name this Scottish philosopher behind An Enquiry Concerning Human ​ Understanding. ​ ANSWER: David Hume [accept David Home] ​ ​ ​ ​

6. A wood preservative containing copper, chromium, and this element was banned in 2004 in the US. A test to determine the presence of this element involves the oxidation of zinc and the reduction of this element’s trioxide. Along with sulfur, this element, which is sometimes known as “inheritance powder,” appears in the mineral (*) orpiment. An 1836 test to detect this element was developed by James Marsh. Paul Ehrlich developed ​ drugs containing this element to combat trypanosomiasis, known as Salvarsan. This element was used in green pigments in the 18th century and may have contributed to Napoleon’s death. For 10 points, name this toxic metalloid with symbol As. ANSWER: arsenic [prompt on As until mention] ​ ​ ​ ​

7. One thinker at this institution developed GMM, or the generalized method of moments, and is named Lars Peter Hansen. For much of the twentieth century, this institution was linked to a “freshwater” school of thought. The author of the self-questioning A Failure of Capitalism, Richard Posner, is associated with this (*) ​ ​ ​ university. Another thinker at this university predicted stagflation and described a natural rate of unemployment as part of his critique of Keynesian economics. That thinker from this university was the author of A Monetary History ​ of the United States, 1867-1960, Milton Friedman. For 10 points, name this prestigious university located in Illinois. ​ ANSWER: University of Chicago [accept UChicago; prompt on U of C] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

8. In this modern state, Robert Hogg’s house was vandalized in the aftermath of a plot in which Mary Burton was a key witness. Nicholas Bayard was mayor of a city in this modern state during a rebellion in which Fort James was captured. A governor of this modern state began the Peach Tree War against this state’s Susquehannock population. That governor was called Old (*) Silver Nails due to a prosthetic leg he owned. This ​ state was the site of Leisler’s Rebellion, and Peter Stuyvesant was a governor of this future state. For 10 points, name this state whose largest city contained a border at Wall Street in Manhattan. ANSWER: New York [do not accept or prompt on “New Netherland”] ​ ​

9. In one work by this author, a woman thinks her husband has lost the will to live because his mouth is full of leaves. This author created Kandata, who almost escapes the Pool of Blood in Hell because he did not step on a spider in the forest. In one story by this author, a man is consumed by his desire for the title food, “Yam Gruel.” This author of “Cogwheels” and “The Spider’s Thread” wrote a story about a woman whose (*) robe ​ is stolen while she is stealing hair from a corpse, which, along with one featuring different accounts of Takehiro’s murder, was the basis for an Akira Kurosawa film. For 10 points, name this Japanese short story writer behind “In a Grove” and “Rashomon.” ANSWER: Ryunosuke Akutagawa [accept Chokodo Shujin; prompt on Ryunosuke] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10. During a debate on allowing assisted suicide, this politician grabbed Gord Brown and elbowed a female politician before being called “pathetic” by Tom Mulcair. A debunked conspiracy which began on Reddit states that this politician is the child of Fidel Castro. This politician was found to have violated conflict of interest laws after going on a Christmas trip to a (*) private island belonging to Aga Khan. This politician ​ represents the riding of Papineau and he led the Liberal Party to an increase of 148 seats when he was elected to his current position, which led to the resignation of Stephen Harper. For 10 points, name this current Prime Minister of Canada. ANSWER: Justin (Pierre James) Trudeau [prompt on Trudeau; do not accept or prompt on “Pierre Trudeau”] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

11. A pet deer and a red theatrical curtain are featured in this artist’s The Wounded Table, and in another ​ ​ painting by this artist, a dress and a dead bird float in a bathtub. A woman in a black dress and yellow rose corsage lies dead at the foot of a building in this artist’s painting of . This artist of What the ​ Water Gave Me replaced a (*) spine with the title Broken Column in another work, influenced in part by a bus ​ ​ ​ ​ accident. A blood vessel connects two depictions of this artist in one work, and she often painted herself with monkeys. For 10 points, name this Mexican painter of numerous self-portraits which feature a unibrow. ANSWER: Kahlo (de Rivera) [accept Magdalena Carmen y Calderón] ​ ​ ​ ​

12. A compound synthesized by these cells is TAP, and perforin is a protein found in a type of these cells. These cells are regulated by FOXP3 and reticular epithelium, and they can be activated with the CD1D. ImmTAC is a drug that targets the receptors of these cells, and the glycoprotein gp120 helps HIV attach to the (*) CD4+ ​ type of this cell. These cells interact with MHC cells, and one type of them emits toxins to break down the cell wall of infected cells. These cells come in “killer” and “helper” varieties. For 10 points, name these white blood cells that mature in the thymus. ANSWER: T cells [or T lymphocytes; prompt on white blood cells until mention; prompt on lymphocytes; do not ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ accept or prompt on “B cells”]

13. Hyrcanus II was a leader of these people before being overthrown by his brother Aristobulus. The Essenes founded a group of these people in Qumran. One of these people names a historical mathematical problem involving every third person in a circle dying. In the Hall of Hewn Stones, a Nasi (“nah-SEE”) led a council of these people known as the (*) Sanhedrin. A revolt against the Seleucid Empire by these people was led by Judah ​ Maccabee. These people conducted mass suicide on the Masada and Simon bar Kokhba led a revolt of these people against the Romans. For 10 points, name this oft-persecuted religious group, many members of which live in Israel. ANSWER: Jews [accept ancient Jews; prompt on Israelites, prompt on Hasmoneans] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

14. In one work, Meredith Blake and Elsa Greer are part of a group of five named for these animals, suspects for the murder of Amyas Crale as investigated by Poirot. In one novel, Benjamin the donkey can read as well as one of these animals. The phrase “sucks to your ass-mar” is used to tease one character named for one of these animals whose death represents the (*) “end of innocence” and occurs due to a falling boulder after his ​ glasses have long been used to start fires. In another work, two of these animals represent Stalin and Trotsky. For 10 points, name these barnyard animals exemplified by Napoleon and Snowball in Animal Farm, as well as E. B. ​ ​ White’s Wilbur from Charlotte’s Web. ​ ​ ANSWER: pigs [begrudgingly accept sows or swine] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 15. In one conflict, this deity lost a testicle, explaining why the domain over which he presides is infertile. This god’s sister tricked him into condemning his own actions, leading to his defeat by a god whose left eye became the eye of a solar goddess. This god was angered when he learned that his wife had disguised herself as her sister and had a child with her brother-in-law. On a nightly journey through the sky, this deity protected (*) ​ Ra by slaying the serpent Apophis. This god lost a boat race after deceived into sailing a stone boat painted to look wooden, and he designed a coffin to trap his enemy inside and drowned him in the Nile. That enemy was Osiris. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god of chaos. ANSWER: Set [accept Seth or Setesh] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

16. This word ends a quote from the liner notes of one album that reads “There will be no further explanation. There will just be” this, and one song on that album describes this thing as “big” ten times. On a recent Fifth Harmony single, this thing is “nothin’ that a little love can’t fix”, and in Drake’s “Hotline Bling”, “ever since [he] left the city” his (*) ex got one of these. Shawn Mendes is taken places that tear up his this in his song “There’s ​ Nothing Holding Me Back,” and the first single of an album titled by this word says that the older version of its singer “can’t come to the phone right now. Why? Oh, cause she’s dead.” For 10 points, name this word that titles the latest album by Taylor Swift. ANSWER: reputation [begrudgingly accept reputations; accept big reputation or a reputation for yourself or my ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ reputation]

17. This author published the essay “On Psychic Murder” shortly after a play in which Laura wants Bertha to become an artist in contrast to her husband Adolph. Mr. Arkenholz befriends Jacob Hummel in another work by this writer who wrote about a group of bohemians meeting with Arvid Falk in the title Red Room. ​ ​ This author of The Father described two characters planning to start a (*) hotel with Christine as the head of ​ ​ ​ the kitchen in a work in which a pet bird is decapitated. In addition to The Ghost Sonata, this author wrote a play in ​ ​ which Jean helps the title woman commit suicide with a razor. For 10 points, name this Swedish playwright of Miss ​ Julie. ​ ANSWER: (Johan) August Strindberg ​ ​

18. A group with this many elements in which each element’s square equals the identity is named for Felix Klein. Joseph-Louis Lagrange proved a theorem which states that every positive integer can be written as the sum of this many perfect squares. Most internal combustion engines operate with this number of distinct steps. The largest planar complete graph has this many vertices. The first major math (*) proof to use a computer was one ​ of a theorem named for this number of colors and relating to maps. Any hyperoperation of two and two will lead to this number. For 10 points, name this integer, the degree of a quartic equation. ANSWER: four ​ ​ ​

19. Mozart’s only completed concerto for this instrument was written for Giuseppe Ferlendis and is in C major. J. S. Bach’s BWV 974 is a transcription of a concerto for this instrument by Alessandro Marcello. The first Italian to write concertos for this instrument was Tomaso Albinoni, and its mezzo-soprano counterpart is the (*) “d’amore” variety. A short solo by this instrument features in the recapitulation of the first movement of ​ ​ Beethoven’s fifth symphony. This instrument is the duck in Peter and the Wolf. The higher counterpart of the ​ ​ English horn, for 10 points, name this double reed woodwind instrument smaller than a bassoon. ANSWER: oboe [accept hautbois] ​ ​ ​ ​ 20. Muhammad Ahmad led a rebellion in this country and replaced the hajj with jihad in his version of Sharia law. The Condominium Agreement of 1899 set one of this country’s borders at the 22nd parallel. William Gladstone resigned over outrage following “Chinese” Gordon’s death in this country. Lord (*) Kitchener’s ​ victory at the Battle of Omdurman over the Mahdist rebellion in this country won it for the British. Omar al-Bashir has dealt with the war in Darfur in this country, whose southern part became an independent nation in 2011. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Khartoum. ANSWER: (the) Sudan [accept North Sudan or the Republic of Sudan; do not accept or prompt on “South Sudan”] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

TB. In one of this author’s works, a character drunkenly says, “We both cry all the time, and then… we take our tears and we put ‘em in the icebox… until they’re all frozen.” The first act of one of his plays ends when one of the title characters has a stroke; that character is named A. It’s not (*) Tennessee Williams, but one of this ​ author’s characters declares “Flores para los muertos” while holding out snapdragons, and another of this playwright of Three Tall Women impales himself on a Central Park bench; that character is Jerry in The Zoo Story. This ​ ​ ​ ​ playwright’s most well-known play features the couples Nick and Honey, and George and Martha. For 10 points, name this playwright of Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf. ​ ​ ANSWER: Edward (Franklin) Albee III ​ ​

Bonuses

1. For 10 points each, name some things about members of the genus Homo. ​ ​ [10] Modern members of the subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens are commonly known by this term. Your moderator ​ ​ is one of these animals, as are you. ANSWER: humans [prompt on people or persons] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] This hominid species was likely the first to use fire. Members of these descendants of Homo habilis lived ​ ​ during the Pleistocene Epoch, and “Peking Man” is an example. ANSWER: Homo erectus ​ ​ [10] Scientists continue to debate whether or not Homo erectus is the same species as this currently distinctly ​ ​ classified species, which has a name meaning “working man.” ANSWER: Homo ergaster [prompt on African Homo erectus] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

2. One of the writers associated with this movement, Christoph Martin Wieland, wrote the first Bildungsroman. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this late 18th and early 19th century movement named for a city. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller were members of this movement which focused on Gehalt, Gestalt, and Stoff. ANSWER: Weimar Classicism [or Weimarer Klassik; accept word forms; prompt on partial] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Schiller and Goethe moved to Weimar Classicism from this other German literary movement named for a Friedrich Maximilian Klinger play. The English translation of this movement’s name is meteorological. ANSWER: Sturm und Drang [prompt on Storm and Stress] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Weimar Classicism was heavily influenced by the German brand of this artistic movement, which, despite its name, focused not on love but on emotion and individualism. ANSWER: German Romanticism [accept word forms] ​ ​

3. This country is home to the highest volcano on earth outside of the Andes. For 10 points each: [10] Name this country home to that volcano, the highest cone of which is named Kibo and contains Uhuru Summit. Jane Goodall worked at Gombe Stream National Park in this country which has a capital at Dodoma. ANSWER: United Republic of Tanzania ​ [10] This grassland on the northern border of Tanzania is famous for its annual migrations of large animals, including gazelles, wildebeest and zebras, along with large numbers of other wildlife. ANSWER: Serengeti ​ [10] The protected portion of the Serengeti in Kenya has this alliterative name, the first word of which refers to the nomadic people who had lived in the Serengeti prior to their removal. The second word refers to their description of the Serengeti as “spotted.” ANSWER: Maasai Mara National Reserve ​ ​

4. The first country in the world to legally allow this practice was the Netherlands. For 10 points each: [10] Name this practice, now legal in every U.S. state, though the first state to legalize this practice was Massachusetts. Ellen DeGeneres and Portia de Rossi underwent this practice in 2008. ANSWER: same-sex marriage [accept obvious equivalents; prompt on partial] ​ ​ [10] This ballot initiative amended the state constitution of California in 2008 to state that “[o]nly marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized.” It was overturned in the Supreme Court case Hollingsworth v. Perry. ​ ​ ANSWER: California Proposition 8 [prompt on Eliminates Rights of Same-Sex Couples to Marry Act; prompt ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ on California Marriage Protection Act] ​ ​ [10] In this 2015 case, the Supreme Court ruled that states had to issue and recognize marriage licenses for same-sex couples. The five-Justice majority in this case was headed by Justice Kennedy. ANSWER: Obergefell v. Hodges ​ ​ ​

5. For 10 points each, answer some questions about early 20th-century composer Carl Nielsen. [10] Carl Nielsen hailed from this northern European country. Lukas Graham, a band from this country, included the song “7 Years” in an album released through Copenhagen Records. ANSWER: Kingdom of Denmark ​ [10] The first of four works of this type by Nielsen contains a “Résumé” in its Finale fourth movement. Egon ​ ​ ​ Schiele’s (“EH-gon SHI-leh”) painting Death and the Maiden shares its name with Franz Schubert’s fourteenth ​ ​ work in this genre. ANSWER: string quartets [prompt on chamber quartets] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Nielsen’s Simple Symphony contains a second movement with this name for wind and percussion. The seventh ​ ​ work in one piano cycle with this name by Antonín Dvořák (“duh-VOR-zhack”) became the setting for a popular ​ joke regarding passenger train toilets. ANSWER: humoreske [or Humoresques] ​ ​ ​ ​

6. Elspeth Huxley set The Flame Trees of Thika in this country. For 10 points each: ​ ​ [10] Identify this modern day country in which Karen Blixen, who wrote under the pen name Isak Dinesen, set Out ​ of Africa at a coffee plantation. Its capital is Nairobi. ​ ANSWER: Republic of Kenya ​ [10] The Kenyan writer Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o (“GOO-ghee wa-ti-ON-go”) , who was suggested as a possible recipient ​ of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature, now works in this language. This Bantu language shares its name with the ​ biggest ethnic group in Kenya. ANSWER: Gikuyu [accept Kikuyu] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Instead of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, this man won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature. This author wrote one ​ ​ dystopian novel about clones used for organ donation, Never Let Me Go, and another about a butler named Stevens. ​ ​ ANSWER: Kazuo Ishiguro ​ ​

7. Juscelino Kubitschek invited this architect to work on the Pampulha Project. For 10 points each: [10] Name this architect of the Edifício Copan. Inspired by Le Corbusier, the two worked together on the United Nations Headquarters and the Ministry of Education and Health Building. ANSWER: Oscar Niemeyer [accept Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Oscar Niemeyer was from this country. He designed the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in this country, and helped design its new capital which replaced Rio de Janeiro. ANSWER: Federative Republic of Brazil ​ [10] Niemeyer designed one of these buildings with sixteen white hyperboloid columns, as well as statues of the Four Evangelists outside. Some sculptures inside that building of this type are suspended by steel cables. ANSWER: cathedrals [accept Cathedral of Brasília; accept Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of Aparecida; ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ accept Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida; prompt on churches; prompt on religious buildings or ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ other descriptive answers; do not accept or prompt on “basilica”]

8. In June of 2018, female residents of this country will be able to drive. For 10 points each: [10] Identify this Middle Eastern country, which is the world’s largest oil producer and exporter and has a capital at Riyadh. ANSWER: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [prompt on KSA] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Some of the most powerful Saudi Arabians, including several princes, were kept in one of these buildings for months between 2017 and 2018. On January 20, 2018, the Taliban attacked one of these buildings in Kabul. ANSWER: hotels [accept Intercontinental Hotel; accept Ritz-Carlton Hotel; prompt on Ritz-Carlton] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] In lighter news, Saudi Arabia lifted its ban on public movie screenings in December 2017, and in 2018, this movie became the first to be shown there since. ANSWER: The Emoji Movie ​ ​ ​

9. Life is filled with beautiful moments. For 10 points each, name some things about everyone’s favorite one: moment of inertia. [10] Moment of inertia is the rotational analog of this other quantity. This quantity, often contrasted with weight because it does not depend on the strength of the force of gravity, is measured in kilograms. ANSWER: mass ​ [10] This theorem also known as the Huygens-Steiner theorem can be used to solve for moment of inertia through a certain translated axis. ANSWER: parallel axis theorem [prompt on partial; do not accept or prompt on “perpendicular axis theorem”] ​ ​ [10] The square root of quantity moment of inertia at the center of mass over mass is equal to this quantity. It is the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where moment of inertia equals the moment of inertia of a highly compacted body with equal mass. ANSWER: radius of gyration [or gyradius; prompt on radius] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

10. All knowledge of this historical figure stems from the Primary Chronicle. For 10 points each: ​ ​ [10] Name this medieval chieftain and founder of a namesake dynasty originally based in Novgorod. He was a member of the Rus’ people. ANSWER: Rurik the Rus’ ​ ​ [10] This member of the Rurikids reconquered Novgorod after fleeing his brother and converted the Rus to Christianity. The politician who wrote the pamphlet What Is To Be Done? shares his first name. ​ ​ ANSWER: Vladimir the Great [accept Saint Vladimir of Kiev] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Vladimir the Great was also the Grand Prince of this city, the current capital of Ukraine. ANSWER: Kiev [accept Kyiv; accept Kyjev] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

11. Greek myth has an obsession with the number three. Maybe you’ll get all three parts, for 10 points each. ​ ​ [10] The three-headed dog Cerberus guarded this underworld, named after the god that ruled it. ANSWER: Hades ​ [10] This goddess was frequently described as having three faces, and sometimes depicted as having three heads: dog, serpent, and horse. This deity helped Demeter look for Persephone by lighting the way with torches. ANSWER: Hecate ​ [10] Europa and Zeus had three children, who became the judges of the underworld. One of them was this first king of Crete, the brother of Rhadamanthus and Sarpedon. ANSWER: Minos ​ ​

12. This dynasty sacked the Byzantine city of Amorium. For 10 points each: [10] Name this dynasty which was conquered in a conflict during which a river supposedly ran black and red with ink and blood. Harun al-Rashid founded the House of Wisdom during the rule of this dynasty. ANSWER: Abbasid Caliphate [accept al-Khilafatu al-Abbasiyah] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] That conquest was by this empire under the leadership of Hulagu Khan. Other leaders of this empire include Genghis Khan. ANSWER: Mongol Empire [or the Mongols; accept Mongolyn Ezent Güren; prompt on Horde] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Hulagu's advance was finally stopped at this 1260 battle after he left only 10,000 men in the Levant to continue his conquest. That force under Kitbuga was almost entirely destroyed by Mamluk sultan Qutuz at this battle. ANSWER: Battle of Ayn Jalut ​ ​

13. Jean Piaget’s work focused on these people. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these people who, according to Piaget, develop object permanence during the sensorimotor stage. Erik Erikson researched the education of a Sioux group of these people on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. ANSWER: children [or kids or minors or other equivalents; generously accept baby or babies; do not accept or ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ prompt on “infants”] [10] In a partially disproven study on delayed gratification, children were offered one of these items immediately or two after a wait. Children able to wait for these items, which are not cookies or pretzels, had more successful lives. ANSWER: marshmallows ​ ​ [10] This psychologist led the Stanford marshmallow experiment. His book Personality and Assessment argued that ​ ​ observable personality traits are highly situation-dependent. ANSWER: Walter Mischel ​ ​

14. This rock is a major component of the crust on Mars. For 10 points each: [10] Name this igneous rock, the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. This rock is usually found at convergent plate boundaries and its name comes from that of a certain mountain range. ANSWER: andesite ​ [10] Andesite is an intermediate between granite and this other igneous rock. This gray-to-black rock’s composition is dominated by feldspar and it forms the topmost portion of the oceanic crust. ANSWER: basalt ​ [10] Extrusive igneous rock is typically formed due to eruption of these geographic features, such as Krakatoa. ANSWER: volcanoes [accept word forms] ​ ​

15. The speaker of one work by this writer “drown[s] in the drumming ploughland.” For 10 points each: [10] Name this former British Poet Laureate who wrote the collection The Hawk in the Rain and describes his ​ ​ volatile marriage in Birthday Letters. ​ ​ ANSWER: Ted Hughes [accept Edward James Hughes] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Ted Hughes was married to this other poet who ends her poem “Daddy” by declaring, “[Y]ou bastard, I’m through.” This Confessional poet also wrote “The Munich Mannequins” and “Tulips.” ANSWER: Sylvia Plath ​ [10] This poem by Plath opens, “I have done it again. / One year in every ten / I manage it.” At its end, this poem warns “Herr God” and “Herr Lucifer,” “Out of the ash / I rise with my red hair / And I eat men like air.” ANSWER: “Lady Lazarus” ​ ​

16. For 10 points each, name some things about allotropes of carbon. [10] This allotrope of carbon consists of one layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Carbon nanotubes are formed by rolling up a sheet of this allotrope. ANSWER: graphene ​ [10] Graphene can be layered to form this similarly named allotrope of carbon that conducts electricity. It is commonly found in pencils. ANSWER: graphite [accept plumbago] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Another allotrope of carbon, buckminsterfullerenes, contains this many carbon atoms. This number is also the atomic number of neodymium. ANSWER: sixty ​ ​

17. For 10 points each, name some things about the fiery, feminist artist Rosa Bonheur. [10] The police gave Bonheur special permission to wear this type of clothing in public, despite being a woman, in order to facilitate her sketching work, because skirts made her too conspicuous and led to harassment. ANSWER: pants [accept trousers] ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] Bonheur’s two most famous paintings are Ploughing in the Nivernais and this large one depicting the sale of the ​ ​ title animals at market, which is currently housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ANSWER: The Horse Fair ​ ​ [10] The Horse Fair and Ploughing in the Nivernais were both exhibited at this place, the official art exhibition of ​ ​ ​ ​ the Académie des Beaux-Arts. ANSWER: Paris Salon [prompt on Paris] ​ ​ ​ ​

18. One event on this island began when a Frenchman harassed a woman during prayers. For 10 points each: [10] Name this Italian island, the location of a mass uprising against Charles of Anjou also known as its namesake “Vespers.” ANSWER: Sicily [accept Sicilia; accept Sicilian Vespers] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] The Sicilian Vespers happened concurrently with a crusade named after this region. A ruler of this Spanish region issued the Alhambra Decree and married Germaine de Foix. ANSWER: Aragon [accept Aragó; accept Aragonese Crusade or Crusade of Aragon] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ [10] This nephew of Charles of Anjou was one of the leaders of the Aragonese Crusade and succeeded Louis IX as King of France. He was a member of the House of Capet nicknamed “le Hardi.” ANSWER: Philip III of France [accept Philip the Bold; prompt on Philip] ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

19. The continental variety of these legendary creatures is most commonly called the “fire-breathing” type. For 10 points each: [10] Identify these legendary creatures which are usually depicted as reptilian, flying monsters, related to serpents. A red one of these creatures appears on the Welsh flag, and in fiction, examples include Smaug. ANSWER: European dragons ​ ​ [10] In one legend, this figure in Christianity saves a princess from being sacrificed to a dragon by taming and killing it. This figure replaced Edward the Confessor as the main patron saint of England. ANSWER: Saint George ​ [10] In England, the feast of Saint George is given this highest feast rank by Roman Catholics, shared by the Epiphany and Pentecost, among others. ANSWER: solemnity [or solemnities] ​ ​ ​ ​

20. Minor characters in this novel include Miss Doris Kilman and Hugh Whitbread. For 10 points each: [10] Name this novel in which the protagonist prepares to host a party, concerned she might have been happier romantically with Peter Walsh or Sally Seton than Richard. ANSWER: Mrs Dalloway ​ [10] Mrs Dalloway is a novel by this British author of A Room of One’s Own and To the Lighthouse. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ANSWER: (Adeline) Virginia Woolf [do not accept or prompt on “Virginia Euwer Wolff”] ​ ​ [10] This work, originally titled Melymbrosia, was Virginia Woolf’s debut novel. In this work, Rachel Vinrace takes ​ ​ a ship to South America and Clarissa Dalloway is first introduced. ANSWER: The Voyage Out ​ ​ ​

TB. For 10 points each, name some things about possibly the world’s funniest military misadventure. [10] In this brief one month war, Major G. P. W. Meredith failed in his mission to exterminate a namesake avian population despite having machine guns. ANSWER: Great Emu War ​ ​ [10] The Emu War took place in this country, which is also a continent. ANSWER: Commonwealth of Australia ​ [10] In the Emu War, the Royal Australian Artillery were armed with this World War I era machine gun with a distinctive cooling chamber. ANSWER: Lewis Gun ​ ​