“MUSIC OF THE HOURS”

Schola Antiqua of Chicago

Michael Alan Anderson, Artistic Director

Special Guest: Roger S. Wieck, The Morgan & Museum

The Belgian scholar L.M. Delaissé called the Book of Hours "the late medieval best-seller,” and the characterization has persisted as a way of describing the unusually high rate of survival of these devotional manuals for the . Art historians have been drawn to these books for their magnificent illuminations, and this program in part offers a guided tour of the fascinating artwork that one encounters in these books of devotion. The projected images are taken from the outstanding collection of Books of Hours housed at The Morgan Library & Museum and presented by the library’s Curator of Medieval and Renaissance , Roger S. Wieck. Music also takes center stage in this special presentation. Specifically, the visual highlights of these manuscripts will be accompanied by music set to texts commonly found in Books of Hours.

Although Books of Hours do not feature musical notation, they indisputably make reference to copious musical “works” (mostly plainchant). The core of the book—the celebration of the “Little Office” of the Virgin Mary—is a collection of texts modeled on the music sung in , from and antiphons to versicles and responsories. Even scripture readings (lections) that are recopied in the Hours were to be sung in the liturgy. Other complete liturgies are detailed in the Hours, including those for the for the Dead and Offices for the Cross and for the Holy Spirit. The texts of some choral motets by Renaissance composers can directly be traced to sections of short sanctoral in Books of Hours known as suffrages. It is our hope that this unique exhibition brings the visual and aural realms together harmoniously to produce window into late-medieval lay piety, particularly among the nobility, who could afford this unparalleled quality of art and music at court.

PROGRAM

I. readings o John 1:14 II. Hours of the Virgin o : Ave Maria gratia plena (with Psalm 94) o : Quem terra pontus aethera (Binchois) III. Prayers to the Virgin o Obsecro te (anon., late 15th c.?) IV. o First Penitential Psalm [] (Lassus) INTERMISSION

V. VI. Accessory Texts o Stabat Mater/Comme femme desconfortée (Josquin des Prez) VII. Suffrages o Inter natos mulierum (Jean Mouton) o Celeste beneficium/Adiutorium nostrum (Mouton) VIII. o Qui lazarum (plainchant antiphon with Magnificat)

GOSPEL READING (John 1:14)

Dominus vobiscum. The Lord be with you. Et cum spiritum tuo. And with your spirit. Sequentia sancti evangelii secundum Ioannem. [A reading] from the holy Gospel according to John. Glory to you, O Gloria tibi domine. Lord.

In principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et In the beginning was the Word: and the Word was with God: and the Deus erat Verbum. Hoc erat in principio apud Deum. Omnia Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things per ipsum facta sunt et sine ipso factum est nihil quod factum were made by Him: and without Him was made nothing that was est. In ipso vita erat et vita erat lux hominum. Et lux in made. In Him was life: and the life was the light of all. And the light tenebris lucet et eam non conprehenderunt. Fuit shineth in darkness: and the darkness did not comprehend it. There homo missus a Deo cui nomen erat Iohannes. Hic venit in was a man sent from God, whose name was John. This man came testimonium ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine ut omnes for a witness, to give testimony of the light, that all men might crederent per illum. Non erat ille lux sed ut testimonium believe through him. He was not the light, but was to give testimony perhiberet de lumine. Erat lux vera quae inluminat omnem of the light. That was the true light, which enlightens every man that hominem venientem in mundum. In mundo erat et mundus comes into this world. He was in the world: and the world was made per ipsum factus est et mundus eum non cognovit. In propria by Him: and the world knew Him not. He came unto his own: and venit et sui eum non receperunt. Quotquot autem receperunt his own received him not. But as many as received him, he gave eum dedit eis potestatem filios Dei fieri his qui credunt in them power to be made the sons of God, to them that believe in his nomine eius. Qui non ex sanguinibus neque ex voluntate name. Who are born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor carnis neque ex voluntate viri sed ex Deo nati sunt. Et of the will of man, but of God. And the Word was made flesh and Verbum caro factum est et habitavit in nobis et vidimus dwelt among us (and we saw his glory, the glory as it were of the only gloriam eius gloriam quasi unigeniti a Patre plenum gratiae et begotten of the Father), full of grace and truth. veritatis.

INVITATORY: Ave Maria gratia plena (with Psalm 94)

Ave Maria gratia plena , full of grace, Dominus tecum. The Lord is with you.

Venite exsultemus Dominum Come, let us exult with joy to the Lord; iubilemus Deo salutari nostro; let us rejoice in God our salvation. Praeoccupemus faciem eius in confessione Let us come before him with thanksgiving in psalmis iubilemus ei; and extol him with psalms. Quoniam Deus magnus Dominus For the Lord is the great God, et rex magnus super omnes deos; a great King above all gods; quoniam non repellet Dominus plebem suam for he will not spurn his people. Quia in manu eius sunt omnes fines terrae For the ends of the earth are in his hand, et altitudines montium ipse conspicit; and the mountain peaks belong to him. Quoniam ipsius est mare et ipse fecit illud The sea is his, for he made it, et aridam fundaverunt manus eius; and his hands formed the dry land. Venite adoremus et procidiamus ante Deum: Come, let us bow down in worship before God ploremus coram Domino qui fecit nos; let us cry aloud before the Lord who made us; Quia ipse est Dominus Deus noster, For he is our Lord God, nos autem populus eius we are his people, et oves pascuae eius. the flock of his pasture. Hodie si vocem eius audieritis Today, if only you would hear his voice, nolite obdurare corda vestra, do not harden your hearts, Sicut in exacerbatione secundum diem As in the provocation, temptationis in deserto: according to the day of temptation ubi tentaverunt me patres vestri in the wilderness, where your ancestors tested me; probaverunt me et viderunt opera mea. they tried me and saw my works.

Ave Maria... Hail Mary...

HYMN: Quem terra pontus aethera (Binchois)

Quem terra, pontus, aethera The one whom earth, and sea, and sky colunt, adorant, praedicant, adore, laud, and proclaim, trinam regentem machinam Ruling over the threefold scheme, claustrum Mariae baiulat. the Virgin's spotless womb carries.

Cui Luna, Sol, et omnia The one whom moon, sun, and all things deserviunt per tempora, serve through all times, perfusa caeli gratia, Clothed with heavenly grace, gestant puellae viscera. Was carried in the flesh of a girl.

Beata Mater, munere, O blessed Mother, in whose shrine cuius supernus artifex, the heavenly maker, mundum pugillo continens, whose hand held the world, ventris sub arca clausus est. vouchsafed, as in His ark, to lie.

Beata caeli nuntio, Blessed by the divine messenger; fecunda Sancto Spiritu, Fertile by the Holy Spirit; desideratus gentibus, desired by the peoples, cuius per alvum fusus est. he was cast in the womb.

Iesu, Tibi sit gloria, All glory be to you, qui natus es de Virgine, O , born of the Virgin, cum Patre, et almo Spiritu, with the Father and the nourishing Spirit, in sempiterna saecula. Amen. forever and ever. Amen.

PRAYER TO THE VIRGIN: Obsecro Te (anon., 15th c.)

Obsecro te, Domina Sancta Maria, I implore you, Holy Lady Mary, Mother Mater Dei, pietate plenissima, summi of God, most full of piety, daughter of the regis filia, Mater gloriosissima, Mater highest king, most glorious Mother, orphanorum, consolatio Mother of orphans, consolation of the desolatorum, quam filius tuus desolate, whom your only begotten son unigenite coronavit. Salva me, crowned. Save me, you who are the honorificentia populi mei. highest honor of my people.

PENITENTIAL PSALM: First Penitential Psalm [Psalm 6] (Lassus)

Domine, ne in furore tuo arguas me, O Lord, rebuke me not in your indignation, neque in ira tua corripias me. nor chastise me in your wrath. Miserere mei, Domine, quoniam infirmus sum; Have mercy on me, O Lord, for I am weak: sana me, Domine, quoniam conturbata sunt ossa mea. heal me, O Lord, for my bones are troubled. Et anima mea turbata est valde, And my soul is troubled exceedingly: sed tu, Domine, usquequo? but you, O Lord, how long? Convertere, Domine, eripe animam meam; Turn to me, O Lord, and deliver my soul: salvum me fac propter misericordiam tuam. O save me for your mercy's sake. Quoniam non est in morte, qui memor sit tui, For there is no one in death, that is mindful of you: in inferno autem quis confitebitur tibi? and who shall confess you in hell? Laboravi in gemitu meo, lavabam I have labored in my groanings, per singulas noctes lectum meum; every night I will wash my bed: lacrimis meis stratum meum rigabo. I will water my couch with my tears. Turbatus est a maerore oculus meus, My eye is troubled through indignation: inveteravi inter omnes inimicos meos. I have grown old amongst all my enemies. Discedite a me omnes, qui operamini iniquitatem, Depart from me, all you workers of iniquity: quoniam exaudivit Dominus vocem fletus mei. for the Lord hath heard the voice of my weeping. Exaudivit Dominus deprecationem meam, The Lord has heard my supplication: Dominus orationem meam suscepit. the Lord received my . Erubescant et conturbentur Let all my enemies be ashamed, vehementer omnes inimici mei; and be very much troubled: convertantur et erubescant valde velociter. let them be turned back, and be ashamed very speedily. Gloria Patri et filio Glory to the Father and to the Son, et spiritui sancto, and to the Holy Spirit. Sicut erat in principio et nunc et semper, As it was in the beginning, is now, et in saecula saeculorum. Amen. and shall be forever. Amen.

LITANY OF THE SAINTS

The Litany is a series of invocations to numerous saints made by a leader coupled with fixed interjections from the choir and congregation. Although we will not list the dozens of entities whose intercession is sought in this particular litany, some of the holy figures can be discerned from the predictable format. Litanies often accompanied by , and this recitation of the Litany will be performed in this way.

ACCESSORY TEXTS: Stabat Mater/Comme femme desconfortée (Josquin des Prez)

Stabat mater dolorosa The grieving Mother stood juxta Crucem lacrimosa, weeping beside the cross dum pendebat Filius. where her Son was hanging

Cuius animam gementem, Through her weeping soul, contristatem et dolentem compassionate and grieving, pertransivit gladius. a sword passed.

O quam tristis et afflicta O how sad and afflicted fuit illa benedicta, was that blessed Mother mater Unigeniti. of the Only-begotten!

Quae merebat et dolebat, Who mourned and grieved Et tremebat dum videbat and trembled looking at the torment nati poenas incliti. of her glorious child.

Quis est homo qui non fleret, Who is the person Christi matrem si videret who would not weep in tanto supplicio? seeing the Mother of Christ in such agony?

Quis non posset contristari Who would not be able to feel compassion Piam Matrem contemplari on beholding Christ's Mother dolentem cum Filio? suffering with her Son?

Pro peccatis suae gentis For the sins of his people vidit Jesum in tormentis, she saw Jesus in torment et flagellis subditum. and subjected to the scourge.

Vidit suum dulcem natum She saw her sweet offspring, morientem desolatum, dying and forsaken, dum emisit spiritum. as He gave up his spirit. ______

Eia, Mater, fons amoris O Mother, fountain of love, me sentire vim doloris make me feel the power of sorrow, fac, ut tecum lugeam. that I may grieve with you

Fac, ut ardeat cor meum Grant that my heart may burn in amando Christum Deum in the love of the Lord Christ, ut sibi complaceam. that I may greatly please Him

Virgo virginum praeclara, Chosen Virgin of virgins, iam mihi non sis amara, do not be bitter with me, fac me tecum plangere. let me weep with thee.

Fac, ut portem Christi mortem, Grant that I may bear the death of Christ, passionis eius sortem, the fate of his Passion, et plagas recolere. and commemorate His wounds.

Fac me plagis vulnerari, Let me be injured by his wounds, Cruce hac inebriari, inebriated by the cross Ob amorem Filii. because of love for the Son.

Inflammatus et accensus, Inflamed and set on fire, per te, Virgo, sim defensus may I be defended by you, Virgin, in die iudicii. on the day of judgment.

Fac me cruce custodire, Let me be guarded by the cross, Morte Christi premunire armed by Christ's death Confoveri gratia. and His grace cherish me.

Quando corpus morietur, When my body dies, fac, ut animae donetur grant that to my soul paradisi gloria. Amen. is given the glory of paradise. Amen

Tenor: Tenor: Comme femme desconfortée... As a disconsolate woman...

SUFFRAGE for John the Baptist: Inter natos mulierum (Jean Mouton)

Inter natos mulierum non surrexit Among those born of women, none maior Iohannes Baptista, qui viam has arisen greater than John the Domino preparavit in eremo. Fuit Baptist, who prepared the way for the homo missus a Deo cui nomen erat Lord in the wilderness. A man was Iohannes. Hic venit in testimonium, sent by God whose name was John. ut testimonium perhiberet de He came for a witness, to give lumine, ut omnes crederent per testimony of the light, that all might illum. believe through him.

Elisabeth impletum est tempus When it was time for Elizabeth to give pariendi, et peperit filium, birth, she bore a son. They made signs innuebant patri eius quem vellet to his father, to say what name was to vocari eum. Et postulans pugillarem be given to him. Asking for a writing scripsit dicens: Iohannes est nomen tablet, he wrote, saying: His name is eius. Apertum est os Zachariae et John. The mouth of Zechariah was prophetavit dicens: Benedictus opened and he prophesied, saying: Dominus Deus Israel quia visitavit Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, et fecit redemptionem plebis suae because he has visited and wrought Israel. the redemption of His people Israel.

SUFFRAGE for St. Anne: Celeste beneficium/Adiutorium nostrum (Jean Mouton)

Celeste beneficium introivit in Annam, A divine favor entered into Anne, Per quam nobis nata est Maria virgo. Through whom the Virgin Mary was born to us. O beata Deo grata, O blessed one, pleasing to God, Mater matris nati patris. The mother’s mother, born of the father. Anna nos cum filia, Anne, reconcile us to Christ Christo reconcilia. With your daughter.

Adiutorium nostrum in nomine Domini Our help is in the name of the Lord Quis non confitebitur tibi? Who will not be confessed to you? Orat, plorat, et exorat Anna sibi; Anne prays, weeps, and pleads for herself; Te orantes deprecamur; Praying, we beseech you, Fac ut cito adiuvemur act that we might quickly be helped Per tuam clementiam. By your clemency. O Renate tam beate O René so blessed, Ludovicus clamat ad te; Louis cries out to you; Audi queso vocem nostrum. I beg you: hear our call.

OFFICE OF THE DEAD: Qui lazarum (plainchant antiphon with Magnificat)

Qui Lazarum resuscitasti You reawakened Lazarus a monumentum fecidum from the foul grave. tu eis domine O Lord, grant them rest dona et locum indulgentie. and a place of .

Magnificat anima mea Dominum: My soul magnifies the Lord, Et exultavit spiritus meus And my spirit rejoices in Deo salutari meo. in God my salvation. Quia respexit humilitatem ancillae suae: For he has regarded the humility ecce enim ex hoc beatam me dicent of his handmaid: henceforth omnes generationes. all generations will call me blessed. Quia fecit mihi magna qui potens est: For he who is mighty has magnified me: et sanctum nomen eius. and Holy is his name. Et misericordia eius a progenie in progenies His mercy is from age to age timentibus eum. on those who fear him. Fecit poténtiam in bráchio súo: He has shown strength in his arm: dispersit superbos mente cordis sui. he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts Deposuit potentes de sede, He has put down the mighty from their seat, et exaltavit humiles. and lifted up the humble ones. Esurientes implevit bonis: He has filled the hungry with good things, et divites dimisit inanes. and has turned the rich away empty. Suscepit Israhel puerum suum, He has helped Israel his servant recordatus misericordiae suae. mindful of his mercy, Sicut locutus est ad patres nostros, As he spoke to our fathers— Abraham et semini eius in saecula. Abraham and his seed forever. Gloria patri... Glory to the Father...

[Qui Lazarum...]

SINGERS Soprano: Stephanie Sheffield, Laura Lynch Alto: Tom Crawford Tenor: Matthew Dean, Andrew Fredel, Keith Murphy, Frank Villella Bass: William Chin, Jack Parton

ABOUT SCHOLA ANTIQUA OF CHICAGO Schola Antiqua of Chicago is a professional vocal ensemble dedicated to the performance of music before the year 1600. An ensemble that executes the pre-modern repertory with “sensitivity and style” (Early Music America), Schola Antiqua takes pride in providing the highest standards of research, performance, and education involving many underserved repertories in the Western musical canon. Founded in 2000 under the artistic leadership of Professor Calvin M. Bower from the University of Notre Dame, the organization has received invitations to perform from the Indianapolis Early Music Festival, Chicago’s Newberry Library, the Chicago Cultural Center, the University of Chicago, the University of Notre Dame, the American Guild of Organists, and other institutions across the Midwest. In 2006-2007, Schola Antiqua was Artist-in-Residence at the University of Chicago. The ensemble is currently Artist-in-Residence of the Lumen Christi Institute. Schola Antiqua has recorded the CD accompanying Theodore Karp’s Introduction to the Post- Proper, 1590-1890 (American Institute of Musicology, 2005) and in 2009 released its first independent CD, Long Joy, Brief Languor, which contains the only known recording of the Missa Quem malignus spiritus, one of the earliest “cyclic” masses known in Western music. The group’s second album West Meets East: Sacred Music from the Torino Codex features first recordings of music from an important fifteenth-century . In October 2011, Schola Antiqua released its third commercial CD entitled The Kings of Tharsis, which contains medieval and Renaissance music from the Feast of Epiphany. Again, much of this music has never been recorded. The ensemble’s commercial recordings, all issued on the Discantus label, have aired on the national broadcasts of With Heart and Voice and Millennium of Music and have received reviews in Early Music America, Fanfare, the Journal of Plainsong and Medieval Music, and Notes (Music Library Association).

ABOUT THE ARTISTIC DIRECTOR

Michael Alan Anderson, a founding member of Schola Antiqua of Chicago, was named the ensemble’s second Artistic Director in 2008. He is Assistant Professor of Musicology at the Eastman School of Music (University of Rochester), where he specializes in devotion in late-medieval music. Anderson received a Ph.D. in the History and Theory of Music at the University of Chicago in 2008 and is completing a book on late-medieval and Renaissance music for St. Anne. His awards include the National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Stipend, the Alvin H. Johnson American Musicological Society 50 Dissertation-Year Fellowship, the Grace Frank Grant (Medieval Academy of America), the Whiting Foundation Fellowship (University of Chicago), and several travel and research grants. He has published articles in several journals including Early Music, Early Music History, Journal of Plainsong and Medieval Music, and Studi musicali. In 2010, Anderson was named a finalist in the Early Music Scholars Competition, presented by the Chalice Consort (San Francisco). He is also a member of the editorial board for the American Choral Review, a semiannual journal of Chorus America, as well as for the ninth edition of A History of Western Music (Norton & Co).

ABOUT OUR SPECIAL GUEST: ROGER S. WIECK

Roger S. Wieck is Curator of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts at the Morgan Library & Museum; he has also held curatorial positions at the Walters Art Museum and the Houghton Library at Harvard. He is the author of The Hours of Henry VIII: A Renaissance Masterpiece by Jean Poyet (2000), Painted Prayers: The Book of Hours in Medieval and Renaissance Art (1997), Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in and Life (1988), and many other books and articles on medieval manuscripts.

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SPECIAL THANKS

Schola Antiqua of Chicago wishes to thank specially the Lumen Christi Institute and Thomas Levergood for generous support of the ensemble’s artistic residency. We are also indebted to Roger Wieck for accepting our invitation to share his expertise with audiences in Chicago. For their support of innumerable concert details, we would like to acknowledge Ursula Pawlowski, Matthew Dean, Elizabeth Davenport, Paul Nicholson, Gabriel Mayhugh, the staff at St. Isaac Jogues, Mary Channen Caldwell, Ellen Hargis, and David Douglass for their wide-ranging contributions.

MARK YOUR CALENDARS FOR DECEMBER 7 AND 9, 2012

Schola Antiqua of Chicago returns in December 7 and 9 (2012) for a two-concert series featuring medieval and Renaissance music for Advent. The centerpiece of the program will be a full performance of a polyphonic Mass for the Immaculate Conception by Pierre de la Rue, the esteemed composer of the Habsburg-Burgundian court of the early sixteenth century. These

concerts will be supplemented by other seasonal music written before the year 1600.

Don’t miss it!