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Theological Studies Spelling, Almighty, the Abbreviations, and Preferred Alpha and Omega (Christ) Usage Guide Ambrosian , , chant Revised August 9, 2017 Amendment, First, etc. (For words not covered here, consult CMOS chap. 8. Note that TS favors American usage, not British.) ancient Near East A Gabriel, the Angelus a fortiori Anglican Church a posteriori Anglican orders a priori , the (feast of) a.m., p.m. annunciation, the (to Mary) Abba (for ’s reference to the Anointed One (Christ) Father) anointing, of abba, amma ante-Nicene abbey, , anti-Semitism, anti-Semitic AD 68, avoid: use 68 CE or 68 BCE Antichrist ad hoc ad hominem ad limina , the Adoptionism, Adoptionists Apocalypse, the season Apocrypha, apocryphal Advocate, the () apologetic African-American (noun & adj.) Apologists (Justin , etc.) agape apostasy Age of Reason, Enlightenment, etc. apostle Paul, the aggiornamento Apostle to the Gentiles apostles agony in the garden, the Apostles’ Alexandrine Rite apostolic All Day apostolic blessing All Souls Day apostolic church (before the ) almighty (by a ) Beatitudes, the Being (God) appendixes Beloved Apostle, the archabbot Beloved , the Michael, the of the archdiocese Benedictus Archdiocese of Seattle berakah (pl.: berakoth) archimandrite , biblical Aristotelian Biblical Commission, Pontifical ark (Noah’s) of Rome (the pope) ark of the covenant bishop(s), the bishop of Omaha said ascension of Christ, the Jim Smith, the Bishop of Omaha, Ascension, the (feast of) said Blessed Mother Assumption, the Feast of Blessed Sacrament , the Blessed atonement, the Blessed blessing of palms, the Athanasian Body and (the ) (see bishop) (the church) Ave Maria book of Genesis, etc. Book of B Book of Mormon bread of life , a bachelor’s degree (BA; do not use AB) Breviary, the of Jesus, the brief, papal baptism, sacrament of , lay brother (religious) Baptist Church, the Buddhism, Buddhist Baptist, the; the Precursor bull, papal baptistery (also baptistry) Bultmannian 68 BC (but AD 68), 68 BCE (full caps) Byzantine (or: Greek) Rite

C chapter (abbr.: chap., chaps.) chapter house Canaan, Canaanite charism (not charisma) (of the Code or of a council) charismatic renewal Canon (of the ) cherubim canon (the Jewish canon) Chi-Rho chosen people, the canon of Scripture, the Mass Christ Child Christ event Canticle of Zechariah, the Christ the King Captivity , the Christendom captivity of the , the Christian (but unchristian) captivity, the Christian era cardinal (see bishop) christianize cardinal-bishop Christlike catalogue Day catechism (generic) Christmas catechism, Anglican catechism Christmas season Catechism of the (not christocentric CCC), can be Catechism for christological short after first usage cathedral Chronicler, the Catholic Church, the 2 Chronicles; Second Chronicles; the Catholic Epistles second book of the Chronicles church and state Catholicism church of , the (local) catholicism, early church year, the Cenacle, the church, a (local) censor deputatus church, the (universal) censor librorum Church (when modified, as in the cf. (avoid, use see) Church) Chair of Peter bishop (see bishop) Chaldean Rite coauthor Code of Canon Law Coptic Rite code of the covenant, the council Code, the (1917; 1983) Council Fathers Codex Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, etc. Council of coequal Council of Nicea council, the (Vatican II) college of Counter- covenant Comforter, the (Holy Spirit) covenant theology commandments, the (but: the Ten coworker Commandments, the first creation, the (of the world, etc.) commandment) Creation, the (as an event) Common of the Blessed Virgin Creator the (another name for God) Common of the Saints creator, God as communal service Creed, the (Nicene) (received communion) creedal, intercreedal (AVOID credal) Communion, avoid: use Eucharist cross (wooden object) communion antiphon cross-bearer cross, the (the event) Cross, the (when = Redemption; this Conception, the Immaculate usage is rare) conciliar , the Confession of Augsburg , Crusaders , sacrament of , the = Roman/Vatican Curia curial congregation (religious) (of the Mass) D consistory Constitution, the (US) Dark Ages constitutions, papal data (plural) Constitutions of the Day of Atonement contrition, act of Day of Judgment cooperation Day of the Lord coordinate Daytime de (as prefix, no hyphen before disciple consonant: decontrol; BUT de- disciples, the emphasize) (at Mass) de facto Divine , the (Eastern churches) de iure Divine Office De Profundis, the Divine Persons (the Trinity); second Dead Sea Scrolls, the scrolls, the Person of the Trinity Qumran scrolls Divine Praises, the Decalogue, the divine presence defense (n.) = American usage (AVOID defence (n.) = British) Divine Providence (God); but divine providence as an act or gift of Deism God deity, a divinity (but the Divinity, as a name for Deity, the God) Deluge, the (the Flood) Divinity (personified) Demiurge, the divinity, the (of Christ) demotic Docetism, Docetic, Docetist demythologize, demythologization Desert Fathers or mothers doctorate Deutero- (Second Isaiah) dominations deuterocanonical Donatism deuteronomic Dormition, the (feast of); see Deuteronomic Code, the Assumption deuteropauline dormition, the (of Mary) devil, the (greater, lesser) diakonia Diaspora (the event or the dispersed E Jewish community) Diatessaron e.g. always followed by a comma, 6.43; avoid abbreviating such expressions Dies Irae early catholicism diocesan see early Christian early church Diocese of Duluth East Syrian Rite Dionysian (as an adjecti) East-West dialogue Dionysus (Dionysian), the Greek god east, eastern (direction) Epistles of the : Pauline East, Eastern (regional or cultural) Epistles; Pastoral Epistles, etc.; to the Hebrews; Letter to Day Philemon; Epistles of Paul (see Easter season ) Easter eschatology, eschatological Eastern church Essene(s) Eastern Rite Ethiopian Rite Eastern-rite (adj.) Eucharist, sacrament of the ecumenical eucharistic Eucharistic Prayer I, II, etc. (but: the eucharistic prayer) ecumenical movement evangelical counsels ecumenist editio Evangelical Lutheran Church Evangelical, an (person who is) elect, the evangelist (writer of a gospel) Elohim evangelist, an (a preacher of the Elohist Gospel) Ember Days Evangelist, the (one of the four), the Emmanuel (in Matthew) Evangelist Mark Emperor Nero (but: the emperor Nero) Evening Prayer empire, the ex Encratites ex opere operantis end time, the excursus, excursuses end-time (adj.) exile, the (Babylonian) Enlightenment, the Exodus, the antiphon, song Exsultet Enuma Elish extra-Christian Ephphetha extrabiblical eyewitness , the feast of episcopal F Episcopal Church faith, the (Catholic) epistle(s), the fall (season) Fall, the (the biblical event) formulas (plural) fascicle Forty Hours Devotion Father Smith (abbr.: Fr.) Fourth Evangelist, the (John) Father, the (God) Fourth Gospel, the (John) Fathers of the Church, Church Fathers Franciscan Order Fathers of the Council; see also Council free will Fathers fundamentalism feast day funeral Mass feast of Booths (Sukkot or Sukkoth) feast of Epiphany G feast of (Weeks) feast of Purim (Lots) Galilean feast of Tabernacles (Booths or Garden of Eden Ingathering) Garden of Gethsemane (but: the Abbey of Gethsemani) feast of the Gelasian feast of the Nativity general feast of Unleavened Bread () general chapter feria, ferial general (of Mass) Fertile Crescent Gentile (n. and adj.) festschrift (no italics) Gloria (of Mass) Glorious Mysteries (of the ) final judgment Glory to God (of Mass) gnosis, gnostic (adj.), gnostic(s), first edition gnosticism First gnosticizing First Letter of John, the God-man First Person (of the Trinity) Godhead firstborn Good News, the firstfruits Good Samaritan, the Flood, the Good Shepherd, the Florilegium, Florilegia Good Thief, the footwashing, the Gospel (Good News) form criticism, form critic, form-critical gospel, a, or Gospels, the (Scripture (when used adjectivally) texts), but the Gospel of John (title) and the Gospel (Good News); see the SBL Handbook of Hebraic Style blog for further clarification hell Gospel harmony Hellenic, Hellenize, Hellenization gospel music Hellenism, Hellenistic, Hellenist , etc. (title) Hellenistic-Jewish (adj.) Gospel, the Fourth (John) Hemisphere, Western government, the (federal, etc.) hermeneutics (sing.) grace (Pss 120–34) Hexapla Great Commandment, the (Matt 28:19) Hexateuch Great , the High Church Greco-Roman high holy days Greek Rite High Mass ( or plainchant) High Gregorian Sacramentary high places (Heb.: bamoth) guardian angel high High Priest (Christ) H High Priestly Prayer, the higher criticism Hades his (pronoun of God) haggadah, haggadic Historical Books, the Hagiographa historical-critical (adj.) or historico- critical (pl.: Hail Marys) history-of-religions (adj.) halakah, halakic, halakot history, historian: a history, a historian hand (of God) (NOT an historian) Hanukkah Holiness Code, the hapax legomenon/legomena Holocaust, the (the Shoah) Hasidean Holy Bible Hasmonean Holy Child health care (n.), health-care institutions Holy City, the (Jerusalem) (adj.) Holy Communion Heart of Jesus holy day Heart of Mary Holy Eucharist Immanuel (in Isaiah) Holy Father (pope) incarnate Word Holy Incarnation, the (as an event) Holy Land incarnation of Christ, the Holy Mass infancy narratives holy of holies Infancy Gospel of Thomas infant Jesus, the holy orders, sacrament of inquiry holy place, the (of the temple) institutes (religious or secular) holy places, the institution of the Eucharist Holy (Mass) instruction (by ) Holy Scripture internet Holy See, the intertestamental Holy Sepulcher intratrinitarian Holy Shroud, the holy souls of Lyons Holy Spirit Isaiah Scroll Israelite Holy Writ holy year J Holy, Holy, Holy (of Mass) Jerusalem Bible Host (consecrated) Jesus event, the Hours, the (Divine Office) Jesus Prayer, the house church Jesus’s Humanists (e.g., Erasmus, 16th cent.) Jesus’s name (in) Jewish Christianity, a Jewish Christian, Jewish-Christian (adj.) I Johannine Jordan River Valley Immaculate Conception, the (feast of) Joyful Mysteries (of the rosary) immaculate conception of Mary, the Jr. / III/ Sr., etc. (no comma before, 6.47, 10.19) imago Dei Judah Judaic, , Judaize, Judaizer, Last Judgment Judaizing Judea, Judean, Judean Desert last things, the Judeo-Christian late Judaism, late Jewish , the (Christ) Rite judgment (general) Latinize Judgment Day Latter-day Saints (Mormons) Justinian Code Law of Holiness, the (use “Holiness K Code”) Law of Moses Kaddish law (in general sense) kataphatic (use this form; AVOID Law, the (the Torah, Mosaic Law) cataphatic) law of Christ, the kenosis, kenotic layperson (pl.: laypeople) kerygma lectio divina Kiddush , the (pl.: ) King James Version , Lenten King of Glory Lenten season King of Kings Leonine Sacramentary King of the Jews Letter to the Corinthians (see Epistle) kingdom of God, the letters of St. Paul kingdom of heaven, the Levites, Levitical kingdom, northern () liberation theology kingdom, southern (Judah) kingship of Christ Light of the World, the (Christ) of the Saints (of Mass) , the Kyrios L liturgy Liturgy of St. Basil, etc. (Christ) Liturgy of the Eucharist last day Liturgy of the Word Liturgy, Divine (Eastern ) Marian, , mariological living God Markan locus, loci Maronite Rite logion (pl.: logia) marriage, sacrament of Logos, the (Christ) Masorete, Masoretic Lord of Hosts Mass (as in “attending Mass”), BUT a Lord of Lords mass, three masses Lord, Have Mercy (of Mass) Mass at Dawn (Christmas) Lord’s Day, the Master (Christ) Lord’s Prayer, the master of ceremonies Lord’s Supper, the master’s degree (MA) lordship Mater Dolorosa Loreto, Our Lady of love feast matrimony, sacrament of Low Church Matthean Mediator (Christ) Lucifer Lukan Rite Luminous Mysteries (of the rosary) mercy seat messiah, a M Messiah, the (Christ) messiahship Maccabees, Maccabean messianic Magi, the messianic , magisterial metanoia Magna Carta metropolitan see , the Midafternoon Prayer Midday Prayer Major Prophets, the Middle Ages Malabarese Rite Middle Platonism mammon Midnight Mass Manichean, Manicheism midrash (pl.: midrashim) manna milieu Manual of Discipline, the millenarianism millennial/ism/ist millennium, millennia mystery religions ministry of the Word Mystical Body mythos minor prophet, a Minor Prophets, the N minuscule Miraculous Medal naïve, naïveté Miserere name (of God), the , the name of Christ, the missal, a Native American Missal, the Roman, etc. nativity of Christ Missale Romanum Nativity (if referring to Dec 25) modernism (as a cultural movement) natural family planning Modernism, Modernists, the Modernist natural-law concepts controversy/crisis (the theological nature, divine movement) Near East modernity Negev (or Negeb) monastic Office Neo-Babylonian Empire neo-Pentecostalism monsignor neo-, neo-Scholastics moral law neoconservatism Morning Prayer neo-orthodoxy of Barth Mosaic Law Neoplatonic, Neoplatonism Most High, the New (Christ) Most Holy Trinity New American Bible Mother of God New City (part of Jerusalem) motherhood of Mary New Covenant, the motherhouse New English Bible new hermeneutic Mount of Olives (Mount Olivet) Mount Sinai, Carmel, Zion, etc. New Revised Standard Version New Testament ms. and mss. New World, the Muhammad New Year’s Day Muslim(s), not Moslem(s) Nicea, Council of oil of catechumens Nicea oil of the sick Old City (part of Jerusalem) Nicene Fathers Night Prayer Omega, the nihil obstat only-begotten Son, the Noah’s ark open-minded non-Catholic opening prayer (of Mass) non-Christian (n. and adj.) oration nondenominational , New None (as in “the ”) Order, Benedictine, etc. nonsectarian order(s), religious north (direction) orders, holy (sacrament of) North, the (region) ordinal northern kingdom (Israel) (bishop) Notes on Moral Theology (the section of Ordinary of the Mass TS) Notes on Theological Ethics (after ordination 3/2017) ordo (pl.: ordines) Orient, Oriental original nuptial blessing Orthodox Church nuptial Mass Our Father, the

our Lady O our Lord

outdated “O” , the (first usage) octave offering of gifts P offertory paleo-Christian offertory paleography, paleographic Office of Readings papacy, papal papal Office, the (Divine) patristic(s) par excellence patrology par., parr. = parallel, parallels (to indicate a parallel Gospel Pauline letters verse(s)) Pauline, Pauline corpus parable, a Romana Parable of the Good Samaritan penance, sacrament of Parable of the Unjust Steward penitential psalm(s) Paraclete, the (Holy Spirit) penitential rite paradise (heaven) Pentateuch, pentateuchal Paradise (Garden of Eden) Pentecost parenesis Pentecostal movement Parousia, parousiac return , the Pasch, Christ’s Pasch, BUT paschal pericope Pasch, the , periti Person (of the Trinity) paschal lamb Persons, Divine Pesach (Passover) Paschal Vigil petitions (at Mass) Paschaltide Petrine, Petrine confession, Petrine passion narratives, the ministry passion of Christ, the Pharaoh (used as name without article) pharaoh, the (general) Passion Week pharaohs passion, the Pharisees, Pharisaic (when referring to Pharisees) Passover phylacteries (tephillim) pastoral Epistles, the Pietism pastoral letter(s) (from hierarchy) Plain of Esdraelon pastoral Letters, the (in Bible) plainchant Pater Noster plainsong of , the (cf. pneuma Bishop of Rome) Pneumatology, pneumatological patriarch(s) pontificate Pope Benedict XVI principalities pope, a (general) , prioress pope, the; but Pope John XXIII Prodigal Son, the post-Nicene profession (solemn, simple) post-Vatican II profession of faith, but The Profession of post-biblical Faith (when referring to the Creed in a mass) postconciliar prologue of John, the postexilic Promised Land, the power of the keys Promised One, the (Christ) powers of the Saints, the prayer after Communion Proper of the Season, the , but Prayer Book (for ) (noun) prayer of the faithful (of Mass) prophesy (verb) prayer over the gifts prophet Isaiah, the pre-Christian prophet, a Preacher, the (Qoheleth) Prophetic Books, the précis prophets preconciliar Prophets, the (part of OT) the Law, the Prophets, the Writings Precursor, the () Protestant (adj. and noun) preexilic protocanonical preexistence Protoevangelium (of Mass) Providence (God) preface of Epiphany, the psalm, a Presbyterian Church psalmist, the presence of God psalmody presentation of Jesus, the Psalms (OT book), the Psalmist, the Presentation, the (feast of) , the prie-dieu(s) pseudepigrapha priesthood of Christ Pseudo-Dionysius Priestly Code, the publican(s) Priestly writer, the prima facie Purim Puritans Prince of Peace (Christ) Renaissance, the; renaissance (adj.) Q Reproaches, the responsorial psalm Q, the source Q, the Q-hypothesis responsory of the dead quid pro quo (no italics) Resurrection, the (feast of) Qumran Resurrection, the (as an event) Qur’an (AVOID Koran); Qur’anic retreat house retreat master R revelation Revised Standard Version, the rabbi(s), rabbinic(al) risen Lord, the rapprochement Rite (Latin, Roman, etc.) Rapture, the Mass RCIA RCIC reading (first, second of Mass) Roman Canon real presence Roman Catholic Church received text, the , the (but: the empire) reconciliation, sacrament of Roman redaction criticism, redaction-critical (adj.) Redeemer, the (Christ) (book) redemption Redemption, the Roman See, the Reform Judaism Romantic theology Reformation, the rosary Reformed tradition Rosh Hashana Reformers, the Rule of St. Augustine Regina Coeli Rule of St. Basil reign of God, the Rule of St. Benedict religious order(s) Rule of St. Francis religious, a (, , etc.) Rule of the Master remnant, the rule, a monastic scriptural Rule, the (specific) scrutinies, the Ruler (Christ) Sea of Galilee season (of Advent, etc.) S Second Adam, Second Moses, etc. Sabbath Second Isaiah (Deutero-Isaiah) sabbatical (year, etc.) Second Person (of the Trinity) sacrament(s) Second Temple (s) (or Vatican II) Sacramentary, the (pl.: ) Second World War Sacred Heart Seder (the ritual meal) Sacred Host seder suppers, seders (cf. Mass, Sacred Scripture masses) Sadducees, Sadducean see, diocesan saints, St. John, Saints Peter and Paul semi-Pelagianism history Semite, Semitic (of Mass) Semitic Sanhedrin sapiential books (Proverbs, etc.) (of Mass) Satan, satanic seraphim Savior (Christ) on the Mount Sayings of the desert Servant (Christ) sayings source (Q) Servant literature Schism, the Great Servant Songs (Isaiah) schola cantorum Servant, the (in Isaiah) Scholastic philosophy, see also: neo- Session IV, Scholastic, neo-Scholasticism, Seven Sorrows of Our Lady Scholasticism Seventh-day Adventist Church Scholastics, the scribes, the (in Gospels) Shavuot scriptural, nonscriptural Shekinah Scripture, Holy; or Scripture (implying Shema the Holy Scripture); the Scriptures Sheol scripture (in general sense), scriptures, Shiite, Shiism Shoah, the subprior, subprioress sign of peace Suffering Servant, the (in Isaiah) (see bishop) signs source Sukkot or Sukkoth (feast of sin offering Tabernacles) sister, a (religious; use with article; Sunday in Ordinary Time, Twenty- abbr.: Sr.) Second, etc. Sister April Kendall Sunday School Sitz im Leben Supreme Being, the skillful supreme council (Sanhedrin) Slavonic Rite Symbol, the (Creed) solemn blessing synagogue Son of (Jesus) synoptic problem Son of Man Synoptic Gospels, the Son of Man sayings Synoptics, the son of Mary (Jesus) Syrian Rite sons of light, sons of darkness T sonship (of Jesus) Sophia tabernacle, the (desert sanctuary) Sorrowful Mysteries (of the rosary) Tabernacles, feast of (Sukkot or Sukkoth) soteriology, soteriological Talmud, talmudic south (direction) Tanakh South, the (region) Targum (of Onkelos, etc.) southern kingdom (Judah) speech event Teacher (Christ) Spirit, Holy temple (of Jerusalem; ’s spring (summer, fall, autumn, winter) temple) Star of David Temple Mount starting point , the Stations of the Cross temptation, the Stoic philosophy Ten Commandments, the Stoic(ism) subapostolic Tetragrammaton Tridentine Textus Receptus , the Sacred; a triduum thank offering trinitarian the Father (= God) Trinity the person of Christ triune God, the the virgin birth Tübingen school, the the Visitation turning point Theodosian Code twelve apostles, the theologoumenon, -na Twelve, the theophany Thessalonica (ancient city), Saloniki U (modern city) Third Church Ultramontanes; Ultramontanism; BUT Third Isaiah (Trito-Isaiah) ultramontane Third Person (of the Trinity) unchristian Third World nations (AVOID this United Kingdom (as substantive, spell expression; prefer Global South out; as adjective: UK, no periods) nations, or the Majority World, United States (as substantive, spell it Majority World nations) out; as adjective: US, no periods) , Thomistic universal church, the thrones Upper Galilee Thummim Upper Room, the titular see, bishop, church Urim Torah toward (AVOID towards) etc. V tower of Babel traditio symboli Valley of Jehoshaphat tradition Vatican II (second mention) tradition, Scripture and tradition of the Cross Transfiguration, the (feast of) verse by verse (adv.) transfiguration of the Lord, the verse-by-verse (adj.) Transjordan verse, v., vv. (NB: the two “v’s” can look like a lowercase “w” depending tree of life on the font tribes, the twelve versicle Western text Wisdom (only if personified), Book of Vicar of Christ (Pope) Wisdom vice versa wisdom literature (in general) Victim, the (Christ) Wisdom Literature (section of the Bible) Victor, the (Christ) Word Incarnate, the vigil Word made flesh, the Vigil of Pentecost, the Word of God (Logos) Vine, the (Christ) word of God (Scripture) virgin birth Word, the (Christ) Virgin Mary, the worldview Virgin, the (Mary) worshiping virtues () vis-à-vis Y Visitation, the (feast of) visitation, the (of Mary) Yad Vashem Yahweh (Bible), the Yahwist, the Year A, B, C W Year I, II YHWH wadi Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Wadi Qumran wake service Z washing of feet, the Way of the Cross Zion Way, the (Christ) Way, the Truth, and the Life, the (Christ) West Syrian Rite west, western (direction) West, Western (region) Western (cultural); western (directional) Western church Western Rites