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Konfirmasi Kila Sebagai Atraktan Gonggong (Kasus Praktek Lokal Masyarakat Di Perairan Senggarang)

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Konfirmasi Kila Sebagai Atraktan Gonggong (Kasus Praktek Lokal Masyarakat Di Perairan Senggarang) KONFIRMASI KILA SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN GONGGONG (KASUS PRAKTEK LOKAL MASYARAKAT DI PERAIRAN SENGGARANG) HENDRA HASIHOLAN SIANJUNTAK Mahasiswa Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] ARIEF PRATOMO Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] FADHLIYAH IDRIS Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] ABSTRAK Simanjuntak, Hendra Hasiholan., 2017. Konfirmasi Kila Sebagai Atraktan Gonggong (Kasus Praktek Lokal Masyarakat Di Perairan Senggarang), Skripsi.Tanjungpinang: Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. Pembimbing I: Arief Pratomo, ST, M.Si. Pembimbing II: Fadhliyah Idris, S.Pi, M.Si. Perairan Senggarang merupakan salah satu daerah yang merupakan pemasok komoditi gonggong di Tanjungpinang. Nelayan lokal mendapatkan gonggong dengan cara menangkap langsung pada saat surut jauh dan juga menyelam. Namun terdapat praktek lokal yang cukup unik digunakan untuk memancing munculnya gonggong dari dalam substrat yakni dengan menggunakan hewan gastropoda lainnya atau nelayan lokal menyebutnya “Kila”. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengkonfirmasi apakah benar bahwa kila merupakan faktor munculnya gonggong dari dalam subtrat. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Unit percobaan yang diberikan adalah variabel kontrol, variabel perlakuan kontrol (Air laut dan Lumpur berair) dan variabel perlakuan (Kila) dengan tujuan untuk melihat probabilitas munculnya gonggong berdasarkan perbedaan perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan diuji dengan menggunakan Uji T 2 variabel dan Uji One Way Anova (Analysis of Variance). Hasil yang diperoleh di perairan Senggarang yaitu jenis kila yang digunakan adalah Cymbiola nobilis. Variabel kontrol dan variabel perlakuan kontrol tidak memberikan pengaruh dengan jumlah gonggong muncul masing-masing 0 ind/m2. Variabel kila yang memberikan pengaruh dengan jumlah gonggong muncul yaitu 22 individu atau rata-rata 3 ind/m2. Jenis dan jumlah gonggong yang didapat yakni 19 jenis Strombus urceus, 1 jenis Strombus canarium dan 1 jenis Strombus turturella. Dari hasil analisis uji t 2 variabel menunjukkan bahwa kila merupakan variabel yang independent. Selanjutnya dari hasil uji One Way Anova menunjukkan nilai probabilitas (P-value) 1,06E-06 < selang kepercayaan ( ) 0,01 sehingga membuktikan diterimanya H1 dan penolakan terhadap H0 dan H2. Kata kunci : Cymbiola nobilis, Atraktan, Praktek Lokal, Strombus sp. , Perairan Senggarang KILA CONFIRMATION AS GONGGONG ATTRACTANT (LOCAL PUBLIC CASE PRACTICES IN THE WATERS OF SENGGARANG) HENDRA HASIHOLAN SIANJUNTAK Mahasiswa Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] ARIEF PRATOMO Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] FADHLIYAH IDRIS Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] ABSTRACT Simanjuntak, Hendra Hasiholan., 2017. Kila Confirmation As Gonggong Attractant (Local Public Case Practices In The Waters Of Senggarang). Thesis.Tanjungpinang. Departemen of Marine Science. Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries.University Maritime Raja Ali Haji. Advisor: Arief Pratomo, ST, M.Si, Co-advisor: Fadhliyah Idris, S.Pi, M.Si Senggarang waters is an one area of gonggong commodity supplier in Tanjungpinang. Local fishermen get gonggong by capturing directly at the time ebbing away and also diving. But there are enough unique local practices used to lure out the gonggong of the substrate by using the other gastropods animals or local fishermen call it "Kila". This research was conducted with the aim to confirm whether it is true that Kila is a factor in the emergence of gonggong from the substrate. The method used is Complete Random Design (RAL). Unit given trial is the control variable, the variable control treatment (sea water and mud watery) and variable treatment (Kila) with the aim to see the probability of a barking based treatment differences. The observation was tested using the 2 variable t-test and One Way ANOVA Test (Analysis of Variance). The results obtained in the Senggarang waters there is the type of Kila used is Cymbiola nobilis. Control variables and variable control treatment did not affect the amount of gonggong appears each 0 ind / m2. Kila variables that influence the amount of gonggong appears that 22 individual or an average of 3 ind / m2. The type and amount of gonggong obtained namely 19 of Strombus urceus, 1 species of Strombus Canarium and 1 species of Strombus turturella. From the analysis of the t test showed that kila are the independent variables. Furthermore, from the results of One Way Anova test shows the probability value (P-value) 1,06E-06 < the confidence interval (α) 0.01 proving the acceptance of H1 and reject the H0 and H2. Key Word : Cymbiola nobilis, Attractant, Lokal Practices, Strombus sp. , Senggarang waters I. PENDAHULUAN tangkapan lebih meningkat. Keberadaan dan ketersediaan kila di perairan Senggarang A. Latar belakang masih tergolong mudah ditemukan. Walau Salah satu potensi sumberdaya begitu, penulis belum menemukan penelitian perikanan di Kota Tanjungpinang adalah atau jurnal yang membahas tentang metode siput gonggong. Gonggong termasuk sejenis penangkapan yang dapat dikatakan unik ini. siput laut (Strombus sp. L.1758), merupakan Maka dari itu penulis tertarik untuk salah satu hewan lunak (Mollusca), banyak mengkonfirmasi secara ilmiah bahwa hidup di pantai Pulau Bintan dan sekitarnya, keluarnya gonggong dari tempat seperti Pulau Dompak, Pulau Lobam, Pulau persembunyiannya karena faktor biota Mantang, Senggarang, dan Tanjung Uban “Kila”. (Amini 1984 dalam Viruly, 2011). Hewan ini menjadi makanan ciri khas di Kota B. Rumusan masalah Tanjungpinang yang digemari oleh Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini masyarakat lokal dan wisatawan. Selain adalah sebagai berikut : gonggong juga terdapat jenis-jenis moluska 1. Belum adanya literatur ilmiah yang yang cukup digemari seperti kerang, ranga, meneliti tentang metode penangkapan kila dan lain-lain. Menurut Soeharmoko gonggong dengan menggunakan kila (2010) hasil identifikasi kekerangan yang sehingga menyebabkan minimnya menjadi sumber bahan pangan masyarakat informasi dan sumber awal dalam Kepulauan Riau terdiri dari dua klas yaitu melakukan pembuktikan secara kelas gastropoda dan bivalva. Pada kelas ilmiah gastropoda ditemukan 4 ordo, 9 famili, 15 2. Apakah kila dapat merangsang genus dan 26 spesies. keluarnya gonggong dari dalam Perairan Senggarang merupakan substrat dan apakah kila merupakan salah satu daerah yang merupakan pemasok satu-satunya faktor tersebut ? komoditi gonggong. Masyarakat setempat 3. Apakah terdapat kemungkinan faktor menangkap langsung gonggong pada saat air selain kila? Dalam penelitian ini surut jauh dan ada juga yang menyelam. menggunakan faktor percikan air laut Namun ada cara lokal atau tradisional yang dan substrat atau lumpur. cukup menarik di daerah ini, yakni dengan menggunakan jenis organisme kerang C. Tujuan dan Manfaat tertentu sebagai media penarik gonggong Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai untuk muncul dari dalam substrat tempat ia berikut : bersembunyi. Masyarakat setempat 1. Melakukan konfirmasi “Kila Sebagai menyebutnya “Kila”. Atraktan Gonggong” melalui Kila (Cymbiola nobilis) memiliki rancangan percobaan dengan perbedaan genus dan ukuran dengan hipotesis sebagai berikut : gonggong. Hewan ini hidup di perairan yang H0 : Tidak ada pengaruh kila tidak pernah surut atau masyarakat terhadap keluarnya gonggong menyebutnya “alur”. Hewan ini banyak (Strombus sp) dari dalam ditemukan di subtrat berpasir dan lumpur substrat berpasir. Biasanya hewan ini menguburkan H1 : Ada pengaruh kila dan dirinya dalam gundukan pasir. Namun ketika sebagai satu-satunya faktor ia makan, ia keluar dari pasir tersebut. Para keluarnya gonggong (Strombus nelayan biasa menangkapnya dengan cara sp) dari dalam substrat berjalan di alur kemudian sambil melihat ke H2 : Ada pengaruh kila tetapi dasar perairan atau merabanya dengan bukan satu-satunya faktor menggunakan kaki. terhadap keluarnya gonggong Berdasarkan wawancara awal, cara (Strombus sp) dari dalam penangkapan menggunakan “Kila” sudah substrat lama dilakukan dan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Masyarakat berpendapat, Manfaat penelitian ini adalah sebagai dengan menggunakan kila, cara tangkap berikut : gonggong menjadi lebih mudah dan hasil 1. Memberikan informasi dan sebagai gastropoda ditemukan 4 ordo, 9 famili, 15 bahan dasar ilmiah untuk isolasi lebih genus dan 26 spesies. Gonggong termasuk lanjut pada substansi aktif terutama sejenis siput laut (Strombus canarium pada gonggong L.1758), merupakan salah satu hewan lunak 2. Menghasilkan atraktan untuk penangkapan gonggong (Strombus (Mollusca), banyak hidup di pantai Pulau sp) Bintan dan sekitarnya, seperti Pulau 3. Konfirmasi ilmiah praktek dan Dompak, Pulau Lobam, Pulau Mantang, pengetahuan lokal masyarakat Senggarang, dan Tanjung Uban (Amini 1984 Senggarang dalam Viruly, 2011). Gonggong merupakan Mollusca yang termasuk kelas Gastropoda dengan spesies Strombus sp. II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Pengetahuan Lokal Dalam pengertian kamus, kearifan lokal (local wisdom) terdiri dari dua kata yaitu kearifan (wisdom) dan lokal (local). Dalam Kamus Inggris Indonesia John M. Echols dan Hassan Syadily, local berarti setempat, sedangkan wisdom (kearifan) sama dengan kebijaksanaan. Secara umum maka local wisdom (kearifan setempat) dapat dipahami sebagai gagasan-gagasan setempat (local) yang bersifat bijaksana, Gambar 1. Strombus sp. penuh kearifan. Definisi lain tentang (Sumber : www.marinespecies.org) kearifan lokal menyebutkan (Nurma Ali Ridwan,
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