An Investigation Into the Trade of Nautilus

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Investigation Into the Trade of Nautilus TRAFFIC AN INVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATION INTO INTO THE THE TRADE TRADEOF NAUTILUS OF NAUTILUS REPORT APRIL 2016 AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE TRADE OF NAUTILUS ©Jürgen Freund and WWF/TRAFFIC APRIL 2016 TRAFFIC/WWF Nautilus Trade Investigation 1 ©TRAFFIC/WWF. 2016 All rights reserved. This material has no commercial purposes. The reproduction of the material contained in this publication is prohibited for sale or other commercial purposes. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC / WWF as copyright owner. The document was financed by US Fish and Wildlife Service and US NOAA Fisheries. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the author[s] and do not necessarily reflect those of the donor and partner organizations listed in the acknowledgements. The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) or IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Suggested citation: Freitas, B, Krishnasamy, K. (2016). An Investigation into the Trade of Nautilus. TRAFFIC, World Wildlife Fund. Washington DC. USA. ISBN: 978-1-85850-391-2 Cover photograph by: Juergen Freund. TRAFFIC/WWF Nautilus Trade Investigation 2 Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the production of this report. The online trade data analyses in this report were produced by Paola Mosig. The project was managed by Ben Freitas. Research and case studies were provided by Kanitha Krishnasamy, Joyce Wu, and Vicki Crook. The production team would like to that the following people for their critical inputs towards this report: NOAA: Krissy Rusello and Dwayne Meadows. USFWS: Patricia DeAngelis. TRAFFIC: Crawford Allan, Glenn Sant, and Rachel Kramer for report reviews. TRAFFIC/WWF Nautilus Trade Investigation 3 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 6 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 A history and overview of Nautilus trade .................................................................................................................... 8 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 HARVEST METHODS .................................................................................................................................................. 14 OVERVIEW OF TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ......................................................................................................... 16 Indonesia ..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Market survey locations ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Survey results and discussion .............................................................................................................................. 17 Collection areas ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Online Suppliers .................................................................................................................................................. 25 Processing procedures ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Nautilus markets ................................................................................................................................................. 26 Nautilus seizures in Indonesia ........................................................................................................................... 27 Sustainability and conservation issues for nautilus in Indonesia ..................................................................... 27 Indonesia summary ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Philippines .................................................................................................................................................................. 28 Background and overview .................................................................................................................................. 28 Survey locations .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Survey results and discussion ............................................................................................................................. 30 Retail outlets (jewelry, souvenirs, flea markets) ................................................................................................ 38 Collection areas .................................................................................................................................................... 41 Exporters ............................................................................................................................................................. 42 NOTES ON OTHER TRADE IN EAST ASIA ............................................................................................................... 43 China, Hong Kong, Taiwan ........................................................................................................................................ 43 OVERVIEW OF TRADE IN EUROPE ......................................................................................................................... 46 Analysis of Customs trade data .................................................................................................................................. 46 Literature/internet research and consultations ........................................................................................................ 49 France .................................................................................................................................................................. 50 Germany ............................................................................................................................................................... 51 United Kingdom ................................................................................................................................................... 51 Other European countries .................................................................................................................................. 52 International Business to Business (B2B) platforms ................................................................................................ 52 OVERVIEW OF TRADE TO THE USA ....................................................................................................................... 52 Review of LEMIS data ................................................................................................................................................ 52 Online Detection ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Conversion Rates ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 GAPS IN ANALYSIS/INVESTIGATIONS ................................................................................................................... 60 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................... 61 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 62 General recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 62 TRAFFIC/WWF Nautilus Trade Investigation 4 Additional recommendations for source countries ................................................................................................... 63 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................................. 65 APPENDIX 1: Nautilus survey questionnaire ............................................................................................................. 67 APPENDIX 2: Indonesia Regulation on Nautilus pompilius (in English and Indonesian) ..................................... 68 APPENDIX 3: Nautilus products available online through Yahoo in Taiwan ..........................................................
Recommended publications
  • Periwinkle Fishery of Tasmania: Supporting Management and a Profitable Industry
    Periwinkle Fishery of Tasmania: Supporting Management and a Profitable Industry J.P. Keane, J.M. Lyle, C. Mundy, K. Hartmann August 2014 FRDC Project No 2011/024 © 2014 Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-86295-757-2 Periwinkle Fishery of Tasmania: Supporting Management and a Profitable Industry FRDC Project No 2011/024 June 2014 Ownership of Intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies. This publication (and any information sourced from it) should be attributed to Keane, J.P., Lyle, J., Mundy, C. and Hartmann, K. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, 2014, Periwinkle Fishery of Tasmania: Supporting Management and a Profitable Industry, Hobart, August. CC BY 3.0 Creative Commons licence All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logods and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The full licence terms are available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode. Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this document should be sent to: [email protected]. Disclaimerd The authors do not warrant that the information in this document is free from errors or omissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism Enterprise Zone Presentation
    TIEZA Background Tourism Enterprise Zone (TEZ) Fiscal and Non-Fiscal Incentives Incentives for Enterprises Outside TEZs Designated Private TEZs Flagship TEZs Lead agency in tourism infrastructure which was created by virtue of the Tourism Act of 2009 Infrastructure and Investment Arm of the DOT Mandate Jurisdiction • To develop, manage and supervise tourism • Shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction in the infrastructure projects nationwide establishment and designation of TEZs as well as • To designate, regulate, and supervise TEZs registration of Tourism Enterprises (RTEs) • To grant and administer fiscal and non-fiscal • Shall issue all permits and licenses to TEZs incentives Operators and RTEs • Shall administer and grant incentives Tourism Enterprise Zone (TEZ) Is one contiguous territory Has historical and cultural significance, environmental beauty, or existing or potential integrated leisure facilities Has, or it may have, strategic access through transportation infrastructure, and connection with utilities infrastructure systems Must be sufficient in size (5 hectares for Private and 50 hectares for Flagship TEZ) *** minimum investment Is in a strategic location requirement of $ 5M Classification of TEZs Cultural Heritage Tourism Zone Health and Wellness Tourism Zone Ecotourism Zone General Leisure Tourism Zone Mixed Use Tourism Zone Who may apply for designation as TEZs? Private entity created under Corporation Code Local Government Unit or any instrumentality of government in pursuit of its mandate Joint Venture between
    [Show full text]
  • XENOPHORIDAE Een Overzicht Van Alle Recent Voorkomende Soorten
    XENOPHORIDAE Een overzicht van alle recent voorkomende soorten. J.Goud en G.Kronenberg TROQUE (Trochus) Troque agglutinant INLEIDING Dit artikel is bedoeld om het determineren van de videerd (Ponder, 1983), waarmee nu een duide­ diverse soorten behorende tot de familie Xenop­ li jk overzicht van de familie voorhanden is. De horidae Ph il ippi, 1853 te vergemakkelijken. Tot indeling die Ponder geeft zal hier grotendeels voor kort was dit een schier ondoenlijk werk, gevolgd worden. mede door de verschillende namen die aan één Tevens betreft dit artikel de inlossing van een soort gegeven werden (synoniemen) , maar ook oude belofte om een dergelijk overzicht in Vi ta vaak dezelfde naam aan verschillende soorten Marina te publiceren (Faber, 1978). In dat artikel (homoniemen), waardoor de nomenclatuur van wordt beschreven hoe de aanhechting van ma­ deze groep een grote chaos was. teriaal in zi jn werk gaat en wordt ingegaan op de Enkele jaren geleden is deze groep echter gere- diverse theorieën die bestaan over het waarom vita marina zeebiologische dokumentatie juli-dec. 1988 bu ikpotigen 457 van dit opvallende gedrag. Verder worden er familie: enkele opmerkingen gemaakt over de levenswij­ Xenophoridae Troschel, 1852 ze en de manier van voortbeweging. Hierop zal (op lijst ICNZ opninie 715 als Philippi, 1853) verder niet worden ingegaan, wij verwijzen daar­ geslacht: voor naar bedoeld artikel. Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 Uitgestorven soorten zijn in onderstaand over­ ondergeslacht: zicht niet opgenomen. Xenophora s.S. O. soorten : conchyliophora (Born, 1780) 0.000 OORSPRONG EN VERSPRE IDING cerea (Reeve, 1845) 0.010 flindersi flindersi (eotton & Godfrey, 1938) De Xenophoridae kennen een rijke fossiele histo­ 0.020 e rie.
    [Show full text]
  • WMSDB - Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base
    WMSDB - Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base Family: TURBINIDAE Author: Claudio Galli - [email protected] (updated 07/set/2015) Class: GASTROPODA --- Clade: VETIGASTROPODA-TROCHOIDEA ------ Family: TURBINIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 (Sea) - Alphabetic order - when first name is in bold the species has images Taxa=681, Genus=26, Subgenus=17, Species=203, Subspecies=23, Synonyms=411, Images=168 abyssorum , Bolma henica abyssorum M.M. Schepman, 1908 aculeata , Guildfordia aculeata S. Kosuge, 1979 aculeatus , Turbo aculeatus T. Allan, 1818 - syn of: Epitonium muricatum (A. Risso, 1826) acutangulus, Turbo acutangulus C. Linnaeus, 1758 acutus , Turbo acutus E. Donovan, 1804 - syn of: Turbonilla acuta (E. Donovan, 1804) aegyptius , Turbo aegyptius J.F. Gmelin, 1791 - syn of: Rubritrochus declivis (P. Forsskål in C. Niebuhr, 1775) aereus , Turbo aereus J. Adams, 1797 - syn of: Rissoa parva (E.M. Da Costa, 1778) aethiops , Turbo aethiops J.F. Gmelin, 1791 - syn of: Diloma aethiops (J.F. Gmelin, 1791) agonistes , Turbo agonistes W.H. Dall & W.H. Ochsner, 1928 - syn of: Turbo scitulus (W.H. Dall, 1919) albidus , Turbo albidus F. Kanmacher, 1798 - syn of: Graphis albida (F. Kanmacher, 1798) albocinctus , Turbo albocinctus J.H.F. Link, 1807 - syn of: Littorina saxatilis (A.G. Olivi, 1792) albofasciatus , Turbo albofasciatus L. Bozzetti, 1994 albofasciatus , Marmarostoma albofasciatus L. Bozzetti, 1994 - syn of: Turbo albofasciatus L. Bozzetti, 1994 albulus , Turbo albulus O. Fabricius, 1780 - syn of: Menestho albula (O. Fabricius, 1780) albus , Turbo albus J. Adams, 1797 - syn of: Rissoa parva (E.M. Da Costa, 1778) albus, Turbo albus T. Pennant, 1777 amabilis , Turbo amabilis H. Ozaki, 1954 - syn of: Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863) americanum , Lithopoma americanum (J.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Trochus and Turbo Fishery in Andamans
    • TROCHUS AND TURBO FISHERY IN ANDAMANS K. K. APPUKUTTAN Vizhinjam Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Introduction shell fisheries and Rao (1936, 1937, 1939) has The sea around Andaman and Nicobar dealt in detail the taxonomy, fishery, feeding Islands is a rich ground for a variety of com­ habits, behaviour. breeding behaviour and mercially important molluscs. Among the sea parasites of trochus from Andamans. PaniJiker shells, troehus or top shell and turbo or tur­ (1938) has briefly reviewed theTesearch works ban shells occupy a unique position for their done on the trochus from the Andaman utility and abundance. As early as in 1929, waters. Recently Menon (1976) and Chatterjee the trDehus -fishery was organised at Andaman (1976) have d'escribed the commercial import­ Islands and a consolidated scientific report ance and the possibilities of developing shell was published in 1938 on the shell fisheries of handicrafts in A ndaman Islands. these Islands during 1930-35 period dealing Description with the history of Andaman shell fisheries, Trochus niloticus is the common top shell fishing methods, the important beds of top and turban shells and the scientific work done of commercial importance (Fig. A), exploited on these shells. The local Government after in large quantities in and around Andaman realising the importance of this fishery, started and Nicobar Islands. The shell is conical or giving the fi shing grounds on lease to mer­ pagoda-like, white with many reddish brown chants for fishing and collected royalty from longitudinal bands. The mother-of-pearl them. underline the shell surface. The shell attains a size of 8 em to 12 em and the period of Previous work life is about 10 years.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Bohol Sea, the Philippines
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 56(2): 385–404 Date of Publication: 31 Aug.2008 © National University of Singapore NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF EUXANTHINE CRABS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: BRACHYURA: XANTHIDAE) FROM THE BOHOL SEA, THE PHILIPPINES Jose Christopher E. Mendoza Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543; Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines Email: [email protected] Peter K. L. Ng Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – Two new genera and four new xanthid crab species belonging to the subfamily Euxanthinae Alcock (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) are described from the Bohol Sea, central Philippines. Rizalthus, new genus, with just one species, R. anconis, new species, can be distinguished from allied genera by characters of the carapace, epistome, chelipeds, male abdomen and male fi rst gonopod. Visayax, new genus, contains two new species, V. osteodictyon and V. estampadori, and can be distinguished from similar genera using a combination of features of the carapace, epistome, thoracic sternum, male abdomen, pereiopods and male fi rst gonopod. A new species of Hepatoporus Serène, H. pumex, is also described. It is distinguished from congeners by the unique morphology of its front, carapace sculpturing, form of the subhepatic cavity and structure of the male fi rst gonopod. KEY WORDS. – Crustacea, Xanthidae, Euxanthinae, Rizalthus, Visayax, Hepatoporus, Panglao 2004, the Philippines. INTRODUCTION & Jeng, 2006; Anker et al., 2006; Dworschak, 2006; Marin & Chan, 2006; Ahyong & Ng, 2007; Anker & Dworschak, There are currently 24 genera and 83 species in the xanthid 2007; Manuel-Santos & Ng, 2007; Mendoza & Ng, 2007; crab subfamily Euxanthinae worldwide, with most occurring Ng & Castro, 2007; Ng & Manuel-Santos, 2007; Ng & in the Indo-Pacifi c (Ng & McLay, 2007; Ng et al., 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus Dofleini) Care Manual
    Giant Pacific Octopus Insert Photo within this space (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual CREATED BY AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxonomic Advisory Group IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA Animal Welfare Committee Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Aquatic Invertebrate Taxon Advisory Group (AITAG) (2014). Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD. Original Completion Date: September 2014 Dedication: This work is dedicated to the memory of Roland C. Anderson, who passed away suddenly before its completion. No one person is more responsible for advancing and elevating the state of husbandry of this species, and we hope his lifelong body of work will inspire the next generation of aquarists towards the same ideals. Authors and Significant Contributors: Barrett L. Christie, The Dallas Zoo and Children’s Aquarium at Fair Park, AITAG Steering Committee Alan Peters, Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, AITAG Steering Committee Gregory J. Barord, City University of New York, AITAG Advisor Mark J. Rehling, Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Roland C. Anderson, PhD Reviewers: Mike Brittsan, Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Paula Carlson, Dallas World Aquarium Marie Collins, Sea Life Aquarium Carlsbad David DeNardo, New York Aquarium Joshua Frey Sr., Downtown Aquarium Houston Jay Hemdal, Toledo
    [Show full text]
  • Spisula Solidissima) Using a Spatially Northeastern Continental Shelf of the United States
    300 Abstract—The commercially valu- able Atlantic surfclam (Spisula so- Management strategy evaluation for the Atlantic lidissima) is harvested along the surfclam (Spisula solidissima) using a spatially northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Its range has con- explicit, vessel-based fisheries model tracted and shifted north, driven by warmer bottom water temperatures. 1 Declining landings per unit of effort Kelsey M. Kuykendall (contact author) (LPUE) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Eric N. Powell1 (MAB) is one result. Declining stock John M. Klinck2 abundance and LPUE suggest that 1 overfishing may be occurring off Paula T. Moreno New Jersey. A management strategy Robert T. Leaf1 evaluation (MSE) for the Atlantic surfclam is implemented to evalu- Email address for contact author: [email protected] ate rotating closures to enhance At- lantic surfclam productivity and in- 1 Gulf Coast Research Laboratory crease fishery viability in the MAB. The University of Southern Mississippi Active agents of the MSE model 703 East Beach Drive are individual fishing vessels with Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 performance and quota constraints 2 Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography influenced by captains’ behavior Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences over a spatially varying population. 4111 Monarch Way, 3rd Floor Management alternatives include Old Dominion University 2 rules regarding closure locations Norfolk, Virginia 23529 and 3 rules regarding closure du- rations. Simulations showed that stock biomass increased, up to 17%, under most alternative strategies in relation to estimated stock biomass under present-day management, and The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solid- ally not found where average bottom LPUE increased under most alterna- issima) is an economically valuable temperatures exceed 25°C (Cargnelli tive strategies, by up to 21%.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG A DEPTH GRADIENT IN THE BAHAMAS Michael Joseph Dowgiallo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla Department of Biology, UMCP Species richness and abundance of benthic bivalve and gastropod molluscs was determined over a depth gradient of 5 - 244 m at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas by deploying replicate benthic collectors at five sites at 5 m, 14 m, 46 m, 153 m, and 244 m for six months beginning in December 1993. A total of 773 individual molluscs comprising at least 72 taxa were retrieved from the collectors. Analysis of the molluscan fauna that colonized the collectors showed overwhelmingly higher abundance and diversity at the 5 m, 14 m, and 46 m sites as compared to the deeper sites at 153 m and 244 m. Irradiance, temperature, and habitat heterogeneity all declined with depth, coincident with declines in the abundance and diversity of the molluscs. Herbivorous modes of feeding predominated (52%) and carnivorous modes of feeding were common (44%) over the range of depths studied at Lee Stocking Island, but mode of feeding did not change significantly over depth. One bivalve and one gastropod species showed a significant decline in body size with increasing depth. Analysis of data for 960 species of gastropod molluscs from the Western Atlantic Gastropod Database of the Academy of Natural Sciences (ANS) that have ranges including the Bahamas showed a positive correlation between body size of species of gastropods and their geographic ranges. There was also a positive correlation between depth range and the size of the geographic range.
    [Show full text]
  • Surat Thani Blue Swimming Crab Fishery Improvement Project
    Surat Thani Blue Swimming Crab Fishery Improvement Project -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Milestone 33b: Final report of bycatch research Progress report: The study of fishery biology, socio-economic and ecosystem related to the restoration of Blue Swimming Crab following Fishery improvement program (FIP) in Bandon Bay, Surat Thani province. Amornsak Sawusdee1 (1) The Center of Academic Service, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 The results of observation of catching BSC by using collapsible crab trap and floating seine. According to the observation of aquatic animal which has been caught by main BSC fishing gears; floating seine and collapsible crab trap, there were 176 kind of aquatic animals. The catch aquatic animals are shown in the table1. In this study, aquatic animal was classified into 11 Groups; Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus), Coelenterata (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens), Helcionelloida (clam, bivalve, gastropod), Cephalopoda (sqiud, octopus), Chelicerata (horseshoe crab), Hoplocari(stomatopods), Decapod (shrimp), Anomura (hermit crab), Brachyura (crab), Echinoderm (sea cucambers, sea stars, sea urchins), Vertebrata (fish). Vertebrata was the main group that was captured by BSC fishing gears, more than 70 species. Next are Helcionelloida and Helcionelloida 38 species and 29 species respectively. The sample that has been classified were photographed and attached in appendix 1. However, some species were classified as unknow which are under the classification process and reconcile. There were 89 species that were captured by floating seine. The 3 main group that were captured by this fishing gear are Vertebrata (34 species), Brachyura (20 species) Helcionelloida and Echinoderm (10 Species). On the other hand, there were 129 species that were captured by collapsible crab trap.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Environment Protection Project for Panglao in Philippines
    REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BOHOL SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION PROJECT FOR PANGLAO IN PHILIPPINES PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NOVEMBER 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. 1R NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 15-051 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BOHOL SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION PROJECT FOR PANGLAO IN PHILIPPINES PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NOVEMBER 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. EXCHANGE RATE (As of September 2015) US Dollar (US$) 1.00 = Philippines Peso (PHP) 46.65 Philippines Peso (PHP) 1.00 = Japanese Yen (¥) 2.611 ccLocation Map Sustainable Environment Protection Project for Panglao Project Completion Report Sustainable Environment Protection Project for Panglao Project Completion Report Table of Contents Location Map List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………......iv List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………………..v List of Abbreviations… . ……………………………………………………………………………..…vi 1. OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Project ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Structure of the Project ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Project Area .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CONE SHELLS - CONIDAE MNHN Koumac 2018
    Living Seashells of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Photographic guide with 1500+ species covered Andrey Ryanskiy INTRODUCTION, COPYRIGHT, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Seashell or sea shells are the hard exoskeleton of mollusks such as snails, clams, chitons. For most people, acquaintance with mollusks began with empty shells. These shells often delight the eye with a variety of shapes and colors. Conchology studies the mollusk shells and this science dates back to the 17th century. However, modern science - malacology is the study of mollusks as whole organisms. Today more and more people are interacting with ocean - divers, snorkelers, beach goers - all of them often find in the seas not empty shells, but live mollusks - living shells, whose appearance is significantly different from museum specimens. This book serves as a tool for identifying such animals. The book covers the region from the Red Sea to Hawaii, Marshall Islands and Guam. Inside the book: • Photographs of 1500+ species, including one hundred cowries (Cypraeidae) and more than one hundred twenty allied cowries (Ovulidae) of the region; • Live photo of hundreds of species have never before appeared in field guides or popular books; • Convenient pictorial guide at the beginning and index at the end of the book ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The significant part of photographs in this book were made by Jeanette Johnson and Scott Johnson during the decades of diving and exploring the beautiful reefs of Indo-Pacific from Indonesia and Philippines to Hawaii and Solomons. They provided to readers not only the great photos but also in-depth knowledge of the fascinating world of living seashells. Sincere thanks to Philippe Bouchet, National Museum of Natural History (Paris), for inviting the author to participate in the La Planete Revisitee expedition program and permission to use some of the NMNH photos.
    [Show full text]