Habitat Fragmentation & Infrastructure
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.0-3*/$ Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure Proceedings of the international conference "Habitat fragmentation, infrastructure and the role of ecological engineering" 17-21 September 1995 Maastricht - The Hague The Netherlands B I D O C >j•'-'MM*' (bibliotheek en documentatie) Dienst Weg- en Waterbouwkunde Postbus 5044, 2600 CA DELFT V Tel. 015-2518 363/364 2 6 OKT. 1998 Kfefc Colofon Proceedings Habitat Fragmentation & Infrastructure is published by: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division (DWW) P.O. Box 5044 NL-2600GA Delft The Netherlands tel: +31 15 2699111 Editorial team: Kees Canters, Annette Piepers, Dineke Hendriks-Heersma Publication date: July 1997 Layout and production: NIVO Drukkerij & DTP service, Delft DWW publication: P-DWW-97-046 ISBN 90-369-3727-2 The International Advisory Board: Kees Canters - Leiden University, the Netherlands, editor in chief Ruud Cuperus - Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, the Netherlands Philip James - University of Salford, United Kingdom Rob Jongman - European Centre for Nature Conservation, the Netherlands Keith Kirby - English Nature, United Kingdom Kenneth Kumenius - Metsatahti, Environmental Consultants, Finland lan Marshall - Cheshire County Council, United Kingdom Annette Piepers - Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, the Netherlands, project leader Geesje Veenbaas - Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, the Netherlands Hans de Vries - Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, the Netherlands Dineke Hendriks-Heersma - Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, the Netherlands, coördinator proceedings Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Contents Preface 9 Hein D. van Bohemen Introduction 13 Kees J. Canters A Policy 19 Habitat fragmentation and infrastructure: The Dutch approach 20 Annemarie Jorritsma-Lebbink Some European thoughts 23 Doeke Eisma Fragmentation, not for ever 26 Frits C. Prillevitz B Research, measures and planning 31 Key note lectures Habitat fragmentation and infrastructure: Problems and research 32 Keith J. Kirby Ecological effects of roads: Toward three summary indices and 40 an overview for North America Richard T.T. Forman, Debra S. Friedman, David Fitzhenry, Jay D. Martin, Allen S. Chen and Lauren E. Alexander How to choose the right solution for the right fragmentation problem? 55 Paul F. M. Opdam Habitat fragmentation: The European dimension 61 Graham Bennett Wildlife passages as a means of mitigating effects of habitat 70 fragmentation by roads and railway lines Verena Keiler and Hans Peter Pfister Award winning poster 81 Habitat fragmentation: The consultancy experience 82 Hannah Peel, Karen Findlay and David Hockin Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Contents Research into effects 85 Wildlife-traffic relations in Slovenia 86 Jost P. Rotar and Mina Adamic Effects of road density; a case study of the moor frog 93 Claire C. Vos The mortality rate in a hedgehog population: 98 The relative importance of road kills Marcel P. Huijser and Piet J.M. Bergers Ecological network and road network: The case of Estonia 104 Hannes Palang, Merit Mikk and Ülo Mander The role of sequential geographical analysis in the assessment 109 of habitat fragmentation in coastal wetlands; case study: A mangrove landscape Alicia Villamizar and Mirady Sebastiani Fragmented mammals: What does that mean? 121 Rob C. van Apeldoorn Floristic impoverishment bij changing unimproved roads into 127 metalled roads Arnout Zwaenepoel Forecasting effects and modelling 139 Edge effects in fragmented habitats: Implications for nature 140 conservation Penelope G. Angold Impact of landscape changes on the ground beetle fauna 149 (Carabidae) of an agricultural countryside Horst Gruttke Assessing fragmentation of bird and mammal habitats 160 due to roads and traffic in transport regions Kees J. Canters and Ruud Cuperus Habitat fragmentation, the role of minor rural roads 171 and their traversability Frank van Langevelde and Catharinus F. Jaarsma Fauna dispersal modelling: A spatial approach 183 J. Bakker, J.P. Knaapen and P. Schippers Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Contents EKOS - a software program which analyses the suitability 193 of river banks for animal species Juliette T. Klein Breteler and Jeroen O. Reinhold Examples of measures 201 Infrastructures and wildlife relationship: 202 Problems, possible project solutions and finished works in Italy Riccardo Santolini, Guiliano Sauli, Sergio Malierschi and Franco Perco Mitigation measures to reduce habitat fragmentation in 213 powerline rights-off-way with special reference to great blue heron, beaver and white-tailed deer Michel Ciguère and G. Jean Doucet Road-side verges: Habitat and corridor for carabid beetles of 220 poor sandy and open areas Hendrik J.W. Vermeulen An amphibian mitigation scheme for the A34 Wilmslow and 227 Handforth Bypass, Cheshire, United Kingdom I.C. Marshall, A. Corner and P. Tattersfield Planning aspects 239 Towards an assessment of Trans-European Transport 240 Networks' impact on nature conservation Olivia Bina, Barnaby Briggs and Gillian Bunting New approaches for ecological consideration in Swedish 253 road planning Andreas Seiler and Inga-Maj Eriksson Incorporating wildlife and community values in landscape assessment 265 P. James, R.F. Grayson, C.J. Harris and LD. Rotherham Vegetation data analysis and ecological effect evaluation 272 Peter Bliss and Monika Partzsch Infosnip: An information system on habitat fragmentation 280 Annette A.G. Piepers Habitat fragmentation: The role of information systems in 288 decision making M.A. van Staalduinen and G.W. Heil Habitat ranking method in road design 297 Kaija Virolainen, Markku Kuitunen, Esko Rossi, Raija Merivirta and Anders Jansson Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Contents Integrated solutions 307 Elaboration of the compensation principle in the Netherlands: 308 Outlines of the Draft Manual 'Ecological Compensation in Road Projects' Ruud Cuperus, Annette A.G. Piepers and Kees J. Canters Reinforcement of environmental values along railway-infrastructure: 316 An integrated approach Reinoud Bakker Designing a fish passage with secondary channel characteristics 327 Max H.J. Schropp and Jennie Simons Ecolint 'Nieuwe Meer - Nieuwe Diep': Migration zone for water 334 and bank bound animals in Amsterdam J.L. Hylkema, F.J.A. Koek and Jenny(H.)E.J. Cusell Evaluating of measures 343 The continuing story of badgers and their tunnels 344 Hans (G.J.) Bekker and Kees J. Canters Connectivity analysis and evaluation of measures by means of 354 fauna dispersal modelling J. Bakker, J.P. Knaapen and P. Schippers Technical state and maintenance of underpasses for badgers in 362 the Netherlands Antoine A.A.W. Janssen, H.J. Rob Lenders and Rob S.E.W. Leuven Mitigation of barrier effect of linear infrastructures on wildlife 367 C. Rosell, J. Parpal, R. Campeny, S. Jové, A. Pasquina and J.M. Velasco The Mobile Workshops 373 The mobile workshops: Introduction and overview 374 Intersection of the Swalm valley by National Road 73 - South 399 Reinoud J.M. Kleijberg Provisions for badgers realised in the Heumen/A73-area 404 Coen Klein Douwel A wall of tree-stumps as a fauna-corridor 409 Peter J.H. van der Linden Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Contents The importance of the ecoduct at Terlet for migrating animals 418 Luc Berris The ecological corridor between the wetland areas 'De Venen' 421 and the 'Vechtplassen': Impossible or an exciting challenge? Mascha E. Lichtendahl and Simone M.E. Stam C Conclusions, recommendations and IENE 429 The workshops: Discussions and conclusions 430 Recommendations for the future 437 The IENE Declaration 439 Infra Eco Network Europe: An open European platform for 442 cooperation and exchange of information in the field of habitat fragmentation caused by transportation infrastructure Dan Teodorascu Register 451 List of participants 465 Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Habitat fragmentation & infrastructure - proceedings Preface The rich ecological diversity in Europe is in decline. One of the causes is habitat fragmentation due to infrastructure. Actions have been taken to re- duce the negative impacts on nature of construction works and the use of infrastructure on nature. The design and lay-out of infrastructure are as essential for people as they are for animals in view of succesful completion of movements. The realisation of faunapassages, for example, can be seen as a contribution towards conservation of our biodiversity. In 1995 the Conference Habitat Fragmentation and Infrastructure was orga- nised in order to draw attention to the importance of the relation between infrastructure and nature. The aim of the conference was to obtain an overview of the status of habitat fragmentation caused by infrastructure in different countries, particularly in Europe; to share experiences within the discipline; discuss research and disseminate information, and to become acquainted with several projects, for example, faunapassages. To show the importance of cooperation between all sectors of society to increase the value of nature can also be seen as a valuable objective. Policymakers, planners, builders and managers of infrastructure together with ecologists can play their roles to increase the ecological value by treating nature with the utmost