Atomic Testing Photographs
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2012 04 Newsletter
United States Atmospheric & Underwater Atomic Weapon Activities National Association of Atomic Veterans, Inc. 1945 “TRINITY“ “Assisting America’s Atomic Veterans Since 1979” ALAMOGORDO, N. M. Website: www.naav.com E-mail: [email protected] 1945 “LITTLE BOY“ HIROSHIMA, JAPAN R. J. RITTER - Editor April, 2012 1945 “FAT MAN“ NAGASAKI, JAPAN 1946 “CROSSROADS“ BIKINI ISLAND 1948 “SANDSTONE“ ENEWETAK ATOLL 1951 “RANGER“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1951 “GREENHOUSE“ ENEWETAK ATOLL 1951 “BUSTER – JANGLE“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1952 “TUMBLER - SNAPPER“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1952 “IVY“ ENEWETAK ATOLL 1953 “UPSHOT - KNOTHOLE“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1954 “CASTLE“ BIKINI ISLAND 1955 “TEAPOT“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1955 “WIGWAM“ OFFSHORE SAN DIEGO 1955 “PROJECT 56“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1956 “REDWING“ ENEWETAK & BIKINI 1957 “PLUMBOB“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1958 “HARDTACK-I“ ENEWETAK & BIKINI 1958 “NEWSREEL“ JOHNSTON ISLAND 1958 “ARGUS“ SOUTH ATLANTIC 1958 “HARDTACK-II“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1961 “NOUGAT“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1962 “DOMINIC-I“ CHRISTMAS ISLAND JOHNSTON ISLAND 1965 “FLINTLOCK“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA 1969 “MANDREL“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA 1971 “GROMMET“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA 1974 “POST TEST EVENTS“ ENEWETAK CLEANUP ------------ “ IF YOU WERE THERE, YOU ARE AN ATOMIC VETERAN “ The Newsletter for America’s Atomic Veterans COMMANDER’S COMMENTS knowing the seriousness of the situation, did not register any Outreach Update: First, let me extend our discomfort, or dissatisfaction on her part. As a matter of fact, it thanks to the membership and friends of NAAV was kind of nice to have some of those callers express their for supporting our “outreach” efforts over the thanks for her kind attention and assistance. We will continue past several years. It is that firm dedication to to insure that all inquires, along these lines, are fully and our Mission-Statement that has driven our adequately addressed. -
Grappling with the Bomb: Britain's Pacific H-Bomb Tests
Timeline and glossary Nuclear timeline, 1945–1963 16 July 1945 Alamogordo, United States conducts first-ever nuclear New Mexico, USA test, codenamed ‘Trinity .’ 6 August 1945 Hiroshima, Japan US aircraft Enola Gay drops the atomic weapon ‘Little Boy’ on Hiroshima, killing 80,000 people immediately and an estimated 100,000 people within six months . 9 August 1945 Nagasaki, Japan US aircraft Bockscar drops the atomic weapon ‘Fat Man’ on Nagasaki, killing 70,000 people immediately and tens of thousands in following months . 30 June 1946 Bikini Atoll, Marshall Under Operation Crossroads, United Islands States conducts the first of two atomic tests at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. ‘Able’ and ‘Baker’ are the first of 67 atmospheric tests in the Marshall Islands between 1946–1958 . 6 August 1948 Hiroshima, Japan Hiroshima’s first Peace Festival. 29 August 1949 Semipalatinsk, USSR conducts first atomic test Kazakhstan RDS-1 in Operation Pervaya molniya (Fast lightning), dubbed ‘Joe-1’ by United States . 1950–1954 Korean peninsula United States, Britain and Australia, under a United Nations mandate, join military operations in Korea following clashes between forces from the south and north of Korea. The Democratic People’s Republic is backed by the newly created People’s Republic of China . 3 October 1952 Monte Bello Islands, Under Operation Hurricane, United Western Australia Kingdom begins its nuclear testing program in Australia with a 25 kiloton atomic test . xi GRAPPLING WITH THE BOMB 1 November 1952 Bikini Atoll, Marshall United States conducts its first Islands hydrogen bomb test, codenamed ‘Mike’ (10 .4 megatons) as part of Operation Ivy . -
The Views and Issues America's Atomic Veterans
THE VIEWS AND ISSUES OF AMERICA’S ATOMIC VETERANS N-001 TRINITY SITE - NEW MEXICO THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB TEST JULY 16, 1945 ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED OVER HIROSHIMA, JAPAN AUGUST 6, 1945 ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED OVER NAGASAKI, JAPAN AUGUST 9, 1945 N-002 TRINITY TEST - 07-16-45 - 19 KILOTONS N-003 HIROSHIMA 2 MILES FROM THE CENTER OF BLAST 08-07-45 N-004 HIROSHIMA 1.5 MILES FROM THE CENTER OF BLAST 08-07-45 N-005 “ FAT MAN “ DETONATION OVER CITY OF NAGASAKI PHOTO TAKEN BY A JAPANESE RAIL LINE SURVEYOR N-006 NAGASAKI 2.5 MILES FROM CENTER OF BLAST 08-10-45 N-007 NAGASAKI 1.5 MILES FROM CENTER OF BLAST 08-10-45 N-008 BIKINI ATOLL ( MARSHALL ISLANDS ) “ CROSSROADS “ 2 WEAPONS EFFECTS TESTS INVOLVING 42,000 MILITARY PERSONNEL N-009 38 MILES TEST ABLE TEST BAKER THERE WERE 23 ATOMIC WEAPONS TESTED ON BIKINI ATOLL N-010 CROSSROADS “ ABLE “ PHOTO FROM ISLAND CAMERA N-011 CROSSROADS “ BAKER “ PHOTO FROM AIRCRAFT N-012 CROSSROADS “ BAKER “ PHOTO FROM ISLAND CAMERA N-013 BIKINI ATOLL “ SANDSTONE “ 3 TESTS 10,000 + MILITARY PERSONNEL N-014 SANDSTONE “ X-RAY “ - 04-14-48 - BIKINI ATOLL TOWER SHOT 37 KILOTONS N-015 B-29 “ OVEREXPOSED “ AIR CREW BEING CHECKED FOR RADIATION AFTER RETURNING FROM ATOMIC CLOUD SAMPLING MISSION OVER BIKINI ATOLL N-016 NEVADA TEST SITE “ RANGER “ & “ BUSTER- JANGLE “ ( 11 TESTS ) 7,000 + MILITARY PESONNEL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ENEWETAK ATOLL “ GREENHOUSE “ ( 5 TESTS ) 7,500 + MILITARY PERSONNEL N-017 CAMP DESERT ROCK MILITARY PERSONNEL ASSEMBLED FOR ATOMIC WEAPONS TEST BRIEFINGS N-018 GROUND OBSERVATION TROOPS ON WAY TO THEIR -
The Effect of Chemical Incidents on First Responders
2019 The Effect of Chemical Incidents on First Responders: An Interview with Bruce Evans (MPA, NRP, CFOD, SEMSO), Fire Chief, Upper Pine River Fire Protection District A massive leak of liquefied chlorine gas created a dangerous cloud over the city of Henderson, NV, in the early morning hours of May 6, 1991. Over 200 people (including firefighters) were examined at a local hospital for respiratory distress caused by inhalation of the chlorine and approximately 30 were admitted for treatment. Approximately 700 individuals were taken to shelters, and between 2,000 and 7,000 individuals were evacuated from the area. ASPR TRACIE interviewed Chief Bruce Evans (who was a firefighter- paramedic at the time of the incident), asking him to share his my first large-scale incident: the experiences and highlight how the PEPCON explosion. PEPCON was Access these U.S. Fire Administration Technical Reports fire and emergency response to a rocket fuel plant that supplied propellant used for the space for more information on these chemical incidents has changed incidents: over the years. shuttle program. This explosion sent a shock wave over the • Fire and Explosions at Rocket Corina Solé Brito, ASPR TRACIE entire Las Vegas Valley, blew out Fuel Plant (CSB): Can you please share windows that were miles away, • Massive Leak of Liquefied your experience in Henderson and created a small, multicolored Chlorine Gas and other related incidents, how mushroom cloud on the south end you think the field has changed of the valley. The Professional since then, and what you think Golfers’ Association (PGA) was the future holds? also in town, so there were satellite or injuries from flying debris were I am fortunate trucks and news trucks present. -
Atomic Veterans' View Regarding VBDR
The Atomic Veterans' View Regarding VBDR, Dose Reconstruction and the V. A. Claim Compensation Programs By: R. J. Ritter – C.E.M. Director - National Commander National Association of Atomic Veterans, Inc. February 16, 2007 1. Slide N001 On behalf of America’s atomic veteran community, I am pleased to offer their views, issues, comments and suggestions to the Veteran’s Advisory Board on Dose Re-construction, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Department of Veteran’s Affairs, and those interested parties who are with us today. When first asked to prepare this presentation, I found it impossible to adequately convey, those views, concerns and opinions in 30 short minutes. It is well to note that America’s atomic veterans have been attempting, for the last 50+ years, to tell the stories of their experiences to those who have little or no interest in these events. With this in mind, I have selected a series of slides from a ( 90 minute ) public awareness program developed by NAAV, Inc., that will address their core issues within the allotted 30 minute period. This approach will adequately convey the depth, magnitude and importance of those radiation exposure events that were a critical part of their life experiences, and bring to the forefront the root cause for our presence here today. Slide N002 The year 1945 marked the dawn of the age of nuclear weapons, as the Manhattan Project proof tested the world’s first atomic bomb, and the decision by United States to used these atomic weapons to shorten the war in the Pacific. -
Radioactivity 60 (2002) 165-187 RADIOACTIVITY
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of ELSEVIER Environmental Radioactivity 60 (2002) 165-187 RADIOACTIVITY An assessment of the reported leakage of anthropogenic radionuclides from the underground nuclear test sites at Amchitka Island, Alaska, USA to the surface environment Douglas Dashera3*,Wayne ans son^, Stan Reada, Scott FalleS, Dennis Farmerc, Wes ~furd~,John Kelleye, Robert patrickf " Aluska Department of Etz~~ironmentalConservation, 610 Liniversitj Avenue, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA ~at~sonEnvironmentul Research Sercice, Inc.,I902 Yew Street Rd., Bellingham, WA 98226, USA ' U.S. Encironmental Protection Agency Radiation and Indoor Encironments National Laboratory, P.O. Box 98517, La.r P'egrrs, NV 89193, USA d~osAlatnos Nationnl Laboratorj, Clzemical Science and Technology, MS J514, Lo.s Alamos, NM 87545, USA 'Institute of Marine Science, Lini~lersityof' Alasku Fairbanks, Fuirbanks, AK 99775, USA ~1eutinn:~ribil~flslantr' Association, 201 East 3rd Arenue, Ancltoraye, AK 99501, USA Received 14 February 2000; accepted 26 May ZOO0 Abstract Three underground nuclear tests representing approximately 15-16% of the total effective energy released during the United States underground nuclear testing program from 1951 to 1992 were conducted at Amchitka Island, Alaska. In 1996, Greenpeace reported that leakage of radionuclides, 24'~mand 239t'40 Pu, from these underground tests to the terrestrial and freshwater environments had been detected. In response to this report, a federal, state, tribal and non-governmental team conducted a terrestrial and freshwater radiological sampling program in 1997. Additional radiological sampling was conducted in 1998. An assessment of the reported leakage to the freshwater environment was evaluated by assessing 'H values in surface waters and 240~~/239~~ratios in various sample media. -
The Newsletter for America's Atomic Veterans
United States Atmospheric & Underwater Atomic Weapon Activities National Association of Atomic Veterans, Inc. 1945 “TRINITY“ “Assisting America’s Atomic Veterans Since 1979” ALAMOGORDO, N. M. Website: www.naav.com E-mail: [email protected] 1945 “LITTLE BOY“ HIROSHIMA, JAPAN R. J. RITTER - Editor July, 2011 1945 “FAT MAN“ NAGASAKI, JAPAN 1946 “CROSSROADS“ BIKINI ISLAND 1948 “SANDSTONE“ ENEWETAK ATOLL 1951 “RANGER“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1951 “GREENHOUSE“ ENEWETAK ATOLL 1951 “BUSTER – JANGLE“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1952 “TUMBLER - SNAPPER“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1952 “IVY“ ENEWETAK ATOLL 1953 “UPSHOT - KNOTHOLE“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1954 “CASTLE“ BIKINI ISLAND 1955 “TEAPOT“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1955 “WIGWAM“ OFFSHORE SAN DIEGO 1955 “PROJECT 56“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1956 “REDWING“ ENEWETAK & BIKINI 1957 “PLUMBOB“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1958 “HARDTACK-I“ ENEWETAK & BIKINI 1958 “NEWSREEL“ JOHNSON ISLAND 1958 “ARGUS“ SOUTH ATLANTIC 1958 “HARDTACK-II“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1961 “NOUGAT“ NEVADA TEST SITE 1962 “DOMINIC-I“ CHRISTMAS ISLAND JOHNSON ISLAND 1965 “FLINTLOCK“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA 1969 “MANDREL“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA 1971 “GROMMET“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA 1974 “POST TEST EVENTS“ AMCHITKA, ALASKA ------------ “ IF YOU WERE THERE, THE 1957 LAS VEGAS “MISS-NUKE” CONTEST WINNER YOU ARE AN ATOMIC VETERAN “ The Newsletter for America’s Atomic Veterans COMMANDER’S COMMENTS We will gather in Richmond, Va., on October 01, 2011 to celebrate 31 years of service to A. H. Bolin ( MN ) G. M. Everett ( MS ) honor the service and sacrifices of more Don McFarland ( WA ) W. J. Mitchell ( WA ) than 500,000 Atomic-Veterans, the majority J. C. Phillips ( AL ) M. A. Morriss ( VA ) of whom are now deceased, having carried G. D. Sherman ( ND ) R. -
The United States Nuclear Weapon Program: A
DOE/ES-0005 (Draft) 67521 wees ce eee ee ee THE UNITED STATES NUCLEAR WEAPON PROGRAM: | A SUMMARYHISTORY '<) March 1983 U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Secretary, Management and Administration Office of The Executive Secretariat History Division DOE/ES-0005 (Draft) THE UNITED STATES NUCLEAR | WEAPON PROGRAM: A SUMMARY HISTORY © | « By: Roger M. Anders Archivist With: Jack M. Holl Alice L. Buck Prentice C. Dean March 1983 U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Secretary, Management and Administration Office of The Executive Secretariat History Division Washington, D.C. 20585 The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 brought together for the first time in one department most of the Federal Government's energy programs. With these programs came a score of organizational entities, each with its owm history and traditions, from a dozen depart- ‘ments and independent agencies. The History Division has prepared a series of pamphlets on The Institutional Origins of the Department of Energy. Each pamphlet explains the history, goals, and achievements of @ predecessor agency or a major program of the Department of Energy. This pamphlet, which replaces Roger M. Anders' previous booklet cn "The Office of Military Application," traces the history of the United States nuclear weapon program from its inception during World War II to the present. Nuclear weapons form the core of America's modern defenses. anders! history describes the truly formidable efforts of «ne Atomic Energy Commission, the Energy Research and Develogment Administration, and the Departmr to create a diverse anc sophisticated arsenal of nuclear 2 accomplishments of these agencies and their plants and lak : created an “atomic shieic" which protects America today. -
Fallout Model for the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Blake Purnell the Radioactive Cloud Model
Fallout Model for the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Blake Purnell Modeling radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions requires a description of the radioactive cloud and base surge and an atmospheric transport model for the cloud dispersion. The atmospheric transport model is independent of the radioactive nature of the dust and I will stick to a simple model in this study. The Radioactive Cloud Model Radioactive Release The first stage in understanding the fallout from a nuclear explosion is to estimate the amount of radioactivity released into the atmosphere. For external exposure to radiation, the main threat is from gamma-rays. The average gamma-ray activity1 produced in a nuclear explosion has been calculated as 530 megacuries per kiloton of fission yield at one hour after the explosion, with an average photon energy of 0.7 MeV. The data available on underground nuclear tests focuses on the fraction of the total activity found in “early” or “close-in” fallout ( Fc ), which measures only those particles that have been deposited in the first 24 2 hours . The fraction of the total activity released into the atmosphere ( f rel ) is greater than what appears in 3 the early fallout ( f rel > Fc ). The fraction Fc is dependant on the scaled depth of burst . A summary of the activity release data available for U.S. and Soviet underground tests are shown in Tables 1, Table 2, and Figure 1. Table 1: Activity Released from U.S. Underground Nuclear Tests. Test Yield Depth of Burst Scaled Depth of Burst Fraction of Total Activity 1/3 (kt) (m) (m/kt ) in Early Fallout (Fc) Jangle Sa 1.2 0 0 0.50 Jangle Ua 1.2 5.18 4.88 0.64 Teapot ESSa 1.2 20.4 19.2 0.46 Schoonerb 30 111 35.8 0.48 Cabrioletb 2.3 51.8 39.3 0.028 Buggyb,c 1.08 41.1 40.1 0.038 Sedanb,d 100 194 41.7 0.18 Danny Boya 0.43 33.5 44.4 0.04 Sulkyb 0.088 27.4 61.6 0.001 Neptunea 0.115 30.5 62.7 0.005 Blancaa 19 255 95.4 0.0005 a) Release fraction from Knox-65, Table 1. -
AGO-Camera Atomica-REV-FINAL-REV.Indd
Camera Atomica Camera Atomica edited by John O’Brian Contents 6 Foreword Matthew Teitelbaum 8 Acknowledgements John O’Brian 11 Introduction: Through a Radioactive Lens John O’Brian 30 Test and Protest 75 Nuclear Flowers of Hell John O’Brian 107 Posing by the Cloud: US Nuclear Test Site Photography in Process Julia Bryan-Wilson 124 Hiroshima and Nagasaki 151 Hidden and Forgotten Hibakusha: Nuclear Legacy Hiromitsu Toyosaki 165 Atomic Photographs Below the Surface Blake Fitzpatrick 180 Uranium and Radiation 217 Through the Lens, Darkly Iain Boal and Gene Ray 234 Visible and Invisible 269 The Wrong Sun Douglas Coupland 277 Radical Contact Prints Susan Schuppli 292 Atomic Timeline 294 List of Illustrations 304 Colophon This is the corrected version of an essay that originally appeared in Camera Atomica (ed. John O’Brian, Art Gallery of Ontario and Black Dog Publishing, 2015). Quotations should be derived from this version of the text, and not the earlier print version. Posing by the Cloud: US Nuclear Test Site Photography in Process Julia Bryan-Wilson 8 Camera Atomica Fig. 1. United States Department of Energy News Nob, Nevada Test Site, established April 22, 1952, 1952 Julia Bryan-Wilson Posing by the Cloud 9 A cluster of cameras perched on their tripods stare out from a rocky outcropping. [Fig. 1] Boxes of equipment huddle at their feet as men ready the equipment for use. What event have they gathered to capture? What sight are they eagerly facing? This is News Nob, a strategic spot positioned seven miles from the Nevada Test Site that was established in 1952 as a designated area for journalists to photograph the nearby atomic detonations. -
Location, Event&Q
# from what/ where which how why who for MOBILE versi on click here when who who where when index source "location, event" "phys, pol, med, doc" detail physical detail political name "9/11 Truth Interactive Spreadsheet Click on dow n arrow to sort / filter, click again to undo." Top 100 / compilations entity entity detail country / state date Item .. right-click on li nk to open in new tab 1 "Francis, Stephen NFU" WTC physical Controlled demolition Explosive experts "Overwhelming evidence indicates that a combination of n uclear, thermitic and conventional explosives were used in a controlled demoliti on of the WTC on 9/11. Nanothermite contributed but does not have sufficient det onation velocity to pulverize the WTC into dust. Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth is leading gatekeeper trying to deflect Israel's role. See Cozen O'Connor 9/11 lawsuit." pic "9/11 Truth, anti-Zionists" Engineers / Scie ntists "U.S., Israel, SA, Britain" 2 "Francis, Stephen NFU" "WTC, Pentagon, PA" political False flag Cabal "The cabal: U.S., Britain, Saudi Arabia and Israel execu ted the 9/11 false flag attack in order to usher in a new 'war on terror' along with the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and fullfil the PNAC's 'Full Spectrum Dominan ce' of the Middle East and its resources ... all have roots that go back to Zion ist / Nazi Germany, the Cold War ... 9/11 was a planned step." lnk Intel ag encies "Cabal: US, UK, Israel & SA" Mossad / Sayeret Matkal "U.S., Israel, S A, Britain" 3 "Fox, Donald" WTC 1-2 physical "Mini Neutron, Fissionless Fusio n" Controlled demolition "VeteransToday: Fox, Kuehn, Prager, Vike n,Ward, Cimono & Fetzer on mini neutron bombs discuss all major WTC theories micr o nuke (neutron) most promising comparatively low blast effects, a quick blast o f radiation that doesn't linger, a series of shape charged mini-neutron bombs we re detonated from top to bottom to simulate a free fall collapse. -
The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States
STATUSSTATUS OFOF THETHE CORALCORAL REEFSREEFS ININ THETHE PACIFICPACIFIC FREELYFREELY ASSOCIATEDASSOCIATED STATESSTATES CharlesCharles Birkeland,Birkeland, AhserAhser Edward,Edward, YimnangYimnang Golbuu,Golbuu, JayJay Gutierrez,Gutierrez, NoahNoah Idechong,Idechong, JamesJames Maragos,Maragos, GustavGustav Paulay,Paulay, RobertRobert Richmond,Richmond, AndrewAndrew Tafileichig,Tafileichig, andand NancyNancy VanderVander VeldeVelde From east to west, the Freely Associated States 14o N, the Marshalls have a total dry land area of include the Republic of the Marshall Islands (the only about 181.3 km2. However, when the Exclu Marshalls or the RMI), the Federated States of sive Economic Zone (by statute, from the shoreline Micronesia (FSM), and the Republic of Palau. The to 200 miles offshore) is figured in, the Republic Federated States of Micronesia – Kosrae, Pohnpei, covers 1,942,000 km2 of ocean within the larger Chuuk, and Yap – along with Palau, are known as Micronesia region. There are 11,670 km2 of sea FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES the Caroline Islands, which are among the longest within the lagoons of the atolls. FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES island chains in the world at 2,500 km. Land only makes up less than 0.01% of the area of All of these Micronesian islands were formerly a the Marshall Islands. Most of the country is the part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands broad open ocean with a seafloor that reaches 4.6 administered by the United States after World War km (15,000 ft). Scattered throughout are nearly a II.