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Review of the Summary Site Profile for the Pacific Proving Grounds
Draft ADVISORY BOARD ON RADIATION AND WORKER HEALTH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health REVIEW OF THE SUMMARY SITE PROFILE FOR THE PACIFIC PROVING GROUNDS Contract No. 200-2009-28555 SCA-TR-SP2013-0040, Revision 1 Prepared by U. Hans Behling, PhD, CHP S. Cohen & Associates 1608 Spring Hill Road, Suite 400 Vienna, VA 22182 November 2013 Disclaimer This document is made available in accordance with the unanimous desire of the Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health (ABRWH) to maintain all possible openness in its deliberations. However, the ABRWH and its contractor, SC&A, caution the reader that at the time of its release, this report is pre- decisional and has not been reviewed by the Board for factual accuracy or applicability within the requirements of 42CFR82. This implies that once reviewed by the ABRWH, the Board’s position may differ from the report’s conclusions. Thus, the reader should be cautioned that this report is for information only and that premature interpretations regarding its conclusions are unwarranted. Effective Date: Revision No. Document No. Page No. November 5, 2013 1 (Draft) SCA-TR-SP2013-0040 2 of 65 Document No. S. COHEN & ASSOCIATES: SCA-TR-SP2013-0040 Technical Support for the Advisory Board on Effective Date: Radiation & Worker Health Review of Draft – November 5, 2013 NIOSH Dose Reconstruction Program Revision No. 1 Review of the Summary Site Profile for the Pacific Page 2 of 65 Proving Grounds Supersedes: Task Manager: Rev. 0 (Draft) __________________________ Date:____________ U. Hans Behling, PhD, MPH Project Manager: Peer Reviewer(s): John Mauro John Stiver __________________________ Date:____________ John Stiver, CHP Record of Revisions Revision Effective Description of Revision Number Date 0 (Draft) 10/21/2013 Initial issue 1 (Draft) 11/05/2013 Revised Finding 1. -
U.S. Atmospheric Nuclear Tests
U.S. NUCLEAR TESTING FROM PROJECT TRINITY TO THE PLOWSHARE PROGRAM [From For the Record – A History of the Nuclear Test Personnel Review Program, 1978-1986, by Abby A. Johnson, et al, Defense Nuclear Agency, DNA 6041F, 1986. The United States conducted Project TRINITY, the world's first nuclear detonation, in 1945. From 1946 to 1963, when the limited nuclear test ban treaty was signed, the U.S. conducted 18 atmospheric nuclear test series, identified below as operations, and a program of testing called PLOWSHARE. In addition, the U.S. staged safety experiments to determine the weapons' susceptibility to fission due to accidents in storage and transport. This chapter provides historical summaries of the tests, listed below in the order in which they occurred and are addressed: · Project TRINITY, 1945 (CONUS) · Operation CROSSROADS, 1946 (Oceanic) · Operation SANDSTONE, 1948 (Oceanic) · Operation RANGER, 1951 (CONUS) · Operation GREENHOUSE, 1951 (Oceanic) · Operation BUSTER-JANGLE, 1951 (CONUS) · Operation TUMBLER-SNAPPER, 1952 (CONUS) · Operation IVY, 1952 (Oceanic) · Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE, 1953 (CONUS) · Operation CASTLE, 1954 (Oceanic) · Operation TEAPOT, 1955 (CONUS) · Operation WIGWAM, 1955 (Oceanic) · Operation REDWING, 1956 (Oceanic) · Operation PLUMBBOB, 1957 (CONUS) · Operation HARDTACK I, 1958 (Oceanic) · Operation ARGUS, 1958 (Oceanic) · Operation HARDTACK II, 1958 (CONUS) · Safety Experiments, 1955-1958 (CONUS) · Operation DOMINIC I, 1962 (Oceanic) · Operation DOMINIC II, 1962 (CONUS) · PLOWSHARE Program, 1961-1962 (CONUS). Most of the oceanic tests were conducted at the Pacific Proving Ground, which consisted principally of the Enewetak and Bikini Atolls in the northwestern Marshall Islands of the Pacific Ocean. The Marshall Islands are in the easternmost part of Micronesia. -
United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 Through
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com DOE/NV-- 209-REV 15 December 2000 nited States Nuclear Tests July 1945 through September 1992 U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED 3 This publication supersedes DOE/NV-209, Rev. 14, dated December 1994. This publication has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available for public sale, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technology Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Phone: 800.553.6847 Fax: 703.605.6900 Email: [email protected] Online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Available electronically at http://www.doe.gov.bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 Phone: 865.576.8401 Fax: 865.576.5728 Email: [email protected] Pictured on the front cover is Sedan Crater. Sedan Crater was formed when a 104 kiloton explosive buried under 635 feet of desert alluvium was fired at the Nevada Test Site on July 6, 1962, displacing 12 million tons of earth. -
2015 March Newsletter
Members’NAAV Publication of the National AssociationNEWS of Atomic Veterans Volume 1 March, 2015 Issue 2 Veterans you might need us-we might need you. We are especially looking for veterans during and after the first Gulf War. U. S. Navy photo by Mass Communication DoD photo by U.S. Navy. (Released) U. S. Navy photo by Robert Ruyle, RM2 Specialist Seaman Aboard the USS Navasota (AO-106) Refueling Patrick Dionne/Released Operation Red Wing Ships All crew members on All Nuclear ships, a veteran that might fit the above criteria. If they submarines and any on ships using CWS (Sea have any questions on how we can support, lead, Whiz System) and any military in contact with or provide assistance have them give Gillie a call depleted uranium. We are looking for those who at 804-334-8585 and he will get them in contact may have been x-ray technicians, those assigned with a state commander. Also, make sure that they to Enewetak Atoll radiation clean up, as these “check out” www.naav.com/html/documents.htm. fit the VA’s official description as Occupational radiation exposed veterans. Any military (Army, Let’s get the word out that NAAV has been Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard and Navy who serving Atomic Veterans since 1979. Cold War were in any way involved in the assembly, storage Vets that may have been involved in radiation and deployment of nuclear weapon devices or the exposure events. We can help with information, surviving (spouse, or child) of a deceased Atomic support and guidance with government Veteran. -
The Rockets' Red Glare: the Impact of Technology on U.S. Nuclear
The Rockets’ Red Glare: The impact of technology on U.S. nuclear strategy from Eisenhower to Carter Brent Thomas Gerchicoff A Thesis in the Department of Political Science Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada © Brent Thomas Gerchicoff, 2012 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Brent Thomas Gerchicoff Entitled: The Rockets’ Red Glare: Testing the Impact of Technology on U.S. Nuclear Strategy from Eisenhower to Carter and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Public Policy and Public Administration) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: ______________________________________ Chair Dr. Jean-Francois Mayer ______________________________________ Examiner Dr. Julian Schofield ______________________________________ Examiner Dr. Elizabeth Bloodgood ______________________________________ Supervisor Dr. Julian Schofield Approved by ________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director ________________________________________________ Dean of Faculty Date August 29th, 2012 ii Abstract The Manhattan Project redefined the landscape of international security. The advent of the nuclear age, in many ways, reshaped the prospect of great power politics and the very nature of war itself. While nuclear weapons have altered the security environment, the literature that revolves around the subject is limited to a few select topics: arms control, deterrence, normative assertions on the (im)morality of nuclear weapons, the routines and potential accidents of organizational behaviour, and the boondoggles of ballistic missile defense. The literature fails to address how the technical operating requirements of nuclear weapons affect nuclear strategy. -
Atomic Testing Photographs
ATOMIC TESTING PHOTOGRAPHS PHOTO No. DESCRIPTION TRINITY Event - The TRINITY Test was the first atomic test conducted by the United States. This test was detonated at Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945. XX-31 TRINITY Event - The first nuclear test ever conducted. The TRINITY Event, a 19-kiloton tower test, was exploded July 16, 1945 in NM. XX-18 TRINITY Event - Los Alamos, NM, the TRINITY fireball, 15 seconds after detonation of the first atomic bomb on July 16, 1945, rises into the air above the desert near the town of San Antonio, NM. XX-120 TRINITY Event - Los Alamos, NM, the fireball of the TRINITY explosion, .053 seconds after detonation, as it shook the desert near the town of San Antonio, NM, 16 July 1945. XX-104 Operation Crossroads, ABLE Event - First atomic bomb test at Bikini Lagoon, ABLE Day, 30 June 1946. The photograph shows the radioactive cloud still boiling up toward its maximum height of about 35,000 feet. XX-121 Operation Crossroads, ABLE Event - The ABLE Event, mushroom cloud attaining a height of 5 miles after the ABLE test explosion at Bikini; ABLE test was one of the Crossroads series, 30 June 1946.. XX-111 Operation Crossroads, BAKER Event - The BAKER Test was detonated on the Bikini Atoll on 24 July 1946. XX-71 Operation Crossroads, BAKER Event - Bikini BAKER Day, the mushroom cloud and first stages of the base surge following the underwater BAKER explosion at Bikini; water is beginning to fall back from the column into the lagoon, 24 July 1946. XX-113 Operation Sandstone - Atom bomb tests at Enewetak, Marshall Islands, April and May 1948, Operation Sandstone. -
Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Testing
Battlefi eld of the Cold War The Nevada Test Site Volume I Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Testing 1951 - 1963 United States Department of Energy Of related interest: Origins of the Nevada Test Site by Terrence R. Fehner and F. G. Gosling The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb * by F. G. Gosling The United States Department of Energy: A Summary History, 1977 – 1994 * by Terrence R. Fehner and Jack M. Holl * Copies available from the U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave. S.W., Washington, DC 20585 Attention: Offi ce of History and Heritage Resources Telephone: 301-903-5431 DOE/MA-0003 Terrence R. Fehner & F. G. Gosling Offi ce of History and Heritage Resources Executive Secretariat Offi ce of Management Department of Energy September 2006 Battlefi eld of the Cold War The Nevada Test Site Volume I Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Testing 1951-1963 Volume II Underground Nuclear Weapons Testing 1957-1992 (projected) These volumes are a joint project of the Offi ce of History and Heritage Resources and the National Nuclear Security Administration. Acknowledgements Atmospheric Nuclear Weapons Testing, Volume I of Battlefi eld of the Cold War: The Nevada Test Site, was written in conjunction with the opening of the Atomic Testing Museum in Las Vegas, Nevada. The museum with its state-of-the-art facility is the culmination of a unique cooperative effort among cross-governmental, community, and private sector partners. The initial impetus was provided by the Nevada Test Site Historical Foundation, a group primarily consisting of former U.S. Department of Energy and Nevada Test Site federal and contractor employees. -
US Department of Energy Albuquerque Operations Office Film
U.S. Department of Energy Albuquerque Operations Office Film Declassification Project Video Tape Fact Sheets Updated September 2000 Released by Nevada Operations Office Coordination & Information Center Operated by Bechtel Nevada Under Contract DE-AC08-96NV11718 Film Declassification Project - Video Tape Fact Sheets Summary Information The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Albuquerque Operations Office, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), is committed to making available to the public historically significant films describing various aspects of the U.S. nuclear weapons development program. The process of declassifying these films is an ongoing task. The film footage is available on video tape in three formats: VHS ($10.00 each plus shipping and handling); beta ($80-$100 each plus shipping and handling); and VHS PAL ($40.00 each plus shipping and handling). All payment must be made by check or money order in U.S. dollars, payable to Bechtel Nevada. The enclosed fact sheets provide information on each video. The video listing and fact sheets can also be found on the Internet at: http//www.nv.doe.gov under “News & Publications” and the subheading “Historical Nuclear Weapons Test Films.” To purchase these videos or obtain additional information, please contact: U.S. DOE/Nevada Operations Office - Public Reading Facility Bechtel Nevada P. O. Box 98521 M/S NLV040 Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521 Telephone: 1-877-DOE-FILM (1-877-363-3456) (Toll Free) or (702) 295-1628 Facsimile: (702) 295-1624 E-mail: [email protected] iii Table of Contents Listing or Number Page 0800000 - NUCLEAR TESTING REVIEW .......................................... -
Plumbbob Series, 1957, United States
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Official Hearing Exhibit NYS000285 Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc. In the Matter of: Submitted: December 21, 2011 (Indian Point Nuclear Generating Units 2 and 3) c:..\,.~""R REGlI~;. ASLBP #: 07-858-03-LR-BD01 Docket #: 05000247 | 05000286 Exhibit #: NYS000285-00-BD01 Identified: 10/15/2012 •l ~'~0 · . Admitted: 10/15/2012 Withdrawn: ~ .~. ....,,1- 0.... Rejected: Stricken: ? ~ ****il Other: DNA 6005F I 1 United Ststas Atmospheric. iNUIclaat Weapons Tests Nuclear Tes Personn · I Review I), \ KL l ' ,....J'~,j fl~ Prepared by the 0 e'fens,e Nuclear Agency as Executive A 'genc'y for the Department of 'Q,Et'fense Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return to sender. PLEASE NOTIFY THE DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY, ATTN: STTI, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20305, IF YOUR ADDRESS IS INCORRECT, IF YOU WISH TO BE DELETED FROM THE DISTRIBUTION LIST, OR IF THE ADDRESSEE IS NO LONGER EMPLOYED BY YOUR ORGANIZATION. UNCLASS I FI ED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (W?!en D.t. entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPORT NUMBER r' GOVT ACCESSION NO. l. RECIPIEN T'S CAT ALOG NUMBER DNA 6005F 4. TITLE (and Subtltlo) 5. TYPE OF REPORT 5. PERIOO COVEREO PLUMBBOB SERIES, 1957 Technical Report 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPOAT NUMBEA 2087-79-02 7. AUTHOR(o) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NU ... 8ER(0) P.S. Harri s S. Obermi 11 er C. Lowery W.J. Ozeroff DNA 001-78-C-0311 A. Nelson S. E. Weary 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDAESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK JAY COR AREA & WOAK UNIT NUMBERS 205 South Whiting Street Subtask U99QAXMK506-04 Alexandria, Virginia 22304 II. -
Nuclear Testing
MATERIALS IN THE EISENHOWER LIBRARY HOLDINGS RELATING TO NUCLEAR TESTING Introduction The Eisenhower Library holds a large quantity of documentation pertaining to nuclear testing and nuclear weapons policy in general. Some of this is readily located under headings such as “Atomic Energy Commission” or “Nuclear Testing.” Much of this information, however, is found within chronologically arranged files and considerable searching onsite is necessary to cover this topic thoroughly. A considerable portion of the relevant documentation is security classified, either in full or in part, and therefore remains closed to research. However, a substantial quantity of documentation has been opened and researchers can find useful information on nuclear testing, radiation and related topics in the Library’s holdings. This guide lists and briefly describes nuclear related materials by major collection with the emphasis on nuclear testing, fallout, radiation, and national and international concerns and discussions of these topics. A. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER’S PAPERS AS PRESIDENT (Ann Whitman file) 1. Administration Series. Boxes 4-5, Atomic Energy Commission. The place to begin most nuclear policy related research projects is probably Boxes 4-5 which contain 25 file folders entitled “Atomic Energy Commission” covering the period 1953-61. These folders contain numerous letters from Lewis Strauss and John McCone to the president, presidential letters and statements, memoranda of conversation, reports, and printed material. Subjects include underwater tests, nuclear tests in the Pacific and in Nevada with correspondence detailing tests and their purposes with a few references to forces mobilized at proving grounds. Also found here is the report “Human Effects of Nuclear Weapons Development” issued in November 1956 and a memorandum of the President’s meeting with the committee which produced the report. -
T. A. Reitater D, B, Mccallen S-W. Kang Repared for Federal
4- $1 UCRL-53340 T. A. Reitater D, B, McCallen S-W. Kang repared for Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 20472 FEMA subcontract EMW-E-0883, work unit 2561 C DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency Thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. UCRL-53340 Distribution category: UC-2 ~~____~~ UCRL--~ 33 40 DE83 005341 Literature Survey of Blast and Fire Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Urban Areas T. A. Reitter D. B. McCallen S-W. Kang Prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C., 20472 FEMA subcontract EMW-E-0883, work unit 2561 C Final report:- June 1982 DISCLAIMER I This report was prepared s an account of work qonmred by an agency Of the Unlted Stales GWWnmnt. -
Atomvåbenproduktion I USA Af Holger Terp, Fredsakademiet Det Atomvåbenindustrielle Kompleks I USA Er Så Vidt Jeg Ved Det
Atomvåbenproduktion i USA Af Holger Terp, Fredsakademiet Det atomvåbenindustrielle kompleks i USA er så vidt jeg ved det, ikke beskrevet på dansk. Atompolitikken i Danmark har lige siden 1945 beskæftiget sig generelt med atomfy- sik1, og atomvåben - eksempelvis deres udstationering og de forskellige opfattelser af, hvordan denne politik har påvirket vores allesammens sikkerhed.2 Men der er ingen her til lands der har beskrevet de miner, hvor råmaterialerne til ker- nevåbenproduktion var, fabrikkerne der fremstillede atomvåben, styrelserne der traf og stadig træffer beslutningerne herom i dybeste hemmelighed, atomvåbenforsøgene, samt deres menneskelige, miljømæssige og økonomiske omkostninger. 1 Issaacson, Walter: Einstein : Hans liv og univers. Gyldendal, 2006. - 742 s. : ill. 2 National Security Archive: How Many and Where Were the Nukes? What the U.S. Government No Longer Wants You to Know about Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War. National Security Archive Elec- tronic Briefing Book No. 197, 2006l. National Security Archive:U.S. Strategic Nuclear Policy: A Video History, 1945-2004 : Sandia Labs Historical Video Documents History of U.S. Strategic Nuclear Policy, 2011. Air Force Special Film Project 416, "Power of Decision". Produced by Air Photographic and Charting Ser- vice. Circa 1958, For Official Use Only. Source: Digital copy prepared by National Archives and Records Administration Motion Pictures Unit, Record Group 342, Department of the Air Force. Wittner, Lawrence S.: The Struggle Against the Bomb, I-III. Stanford University Press, 1993, 1997 & 2003. 1 Jeg fik ideen til projektet for et lille års tid siden og der mangler formodentlig meget endnu. Det følgende er derfor smagsprøver på en meget omfattende og kompleks historie, der meget gerne må kommenteres og debatteres.