United States Nuclear Tests July 1945 Through September 1992
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
DOE/NV--209-REV 16 September 2015 United States Nuclear Tests July 1945 through September 1992 U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office This publication supersedes DOE/NV--209, Rev. 15, dated December 2000. This publication has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available for sale to the public from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Road Alexandria, VA 22312 Telephone: 800.553.6847 Fax: 703.605.6900 E-mail: [email protected] Online Ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/help/ordermethods.aspx Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/scitech Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 Phone: 865.576.8401 Fax: 865.576.5728 Email: [email protected] Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. Front cover photos Top: Baker was the third nuclear test conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll on July 24, 1946. Baker was detonated underwater using a Mark 3 device similar to “Fat Man” with a yield of 21 kilotons. Visible in the spout are ships subjected to the effects of the underwater detonation. Bottom left: Grable was the 42nd nuclear test conducted by the United States at the Nevada National Security Site on May 25, 1953. Grable was an airburst detonation fired from a 280 millimeter gun using a Mark 9 projectile, with a yield of 15 kilotons. Bottom right: An aerial view of snow-covered Yucca Flat on the Nevada National Security Site. Visible are numerous subsidence craters that sometimes form when a collapse of the cavity created by an underground nuclear detonation continues all the way to the surface (more than 50 percent of the time). Printed on recycled paper DOE/NV--209-REV 16 United States Nuclear Tests July 1945 through September 1992 Date Published - September 2015 Prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office Las Vegas, Nevada Table of Contents Introduction. vii Caveat . vii Revision 16 Changes. vii Detonation Times and Dates . viii Locations . viii Moratorium. ix Purposes of U.S. Tests. ix Radiological Effluents Released from Nuclear Detonations. ix Seismic Source Data . ix Series. .x Treaties . x Types and Purposes . .x Yields . xi Notes on Research . xi Tables Table 1 - U.S. Nuclear Tests – Total – By Calendar Year. xiii Table 2 - U.S. Nuclear Tests – Total – By Type . xiv Table 3 - U.S. Nuclear Tests – Total – By Location . .xv Table 4 - U.S. Nuclear Tests/Detonations – Total – By Location . xvi Table 5 - U.S. Nuclear Detonations – Total – By Purpose . .xx Table 6 - United States Nuclear Tests/Detonations Conducted on the NNSS – By Area. xxii Figures Figure 1: U.S. Nuclear Test Locations – NNSS and Other. xvii Figure 2: U.S. Nuclear Test Locations – Bikini Atoll. xviii Figure 3: U.S. Nuclear Test Locations – Enewetak Atoll . xix Figure 4: U.S. Nuclear Test Locations – Areas on the NNSS . xxiii U.S. Nuclear Tests – By Date Operation Crossroads . 2 Operation Sandstone . 2 Operation Ranger . 2 Operation Greenhouse . 2 Operation Buster . 2 Operation Jangle . 2 Operation Tumbler-Snapper . 2 Operation Ivy . 4 iii Operation Upshot-Knothole . 4 Operation Castle . 4 Operation Teapot . 4 Operation Wigwam . 6 Operation Project 56 . 6 Operation Redwing . 6 Operation Plumbbob . 8 Operation Project 58 . 10 Operation Project 58A . 10 Operation Hardtack I . 10 Operation Newsreel. 10 Operation Argus. ..