MARC Code List for Languages

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MARC 21

IBRARY OF CONGRESS ■ 2000

MARC Code List for Languages

2000 Edition

Prepared by Network Development and MARC Standards Office Library of Congress

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING DISTRIBUTION SERVICE / WASHINGTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

MARC code list for languages / prepared by Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress. — 2000 ed. p.cm. Rev. of: USMARC code list for languages. 1996 ed. 1996. ISBN 0-8444-1012-8

1. MARC formats. 2. Language and languages-Code words. I. Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office. III. USMARC code list for languages.

Z699.35.M28.U79 2000 025.3'16-dc21 00-022744 [Z663.12]

Available in the U.S.A. and other countries from: Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20541-4912 U.S.A.

This publication may be reproduced without permission provided the source is fully acknowledged.

This publication will be reissued from time to time as needed to incorporate revisions. CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.v

PART I: NAME SEQUENCE.11

PART II: CODE SEQUENCE.153

APPENDIX A: CHANGES.159

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page iii February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages

■ Introduction

INTRODUCTION

This document contains a list of languages and their associated three-character alphabetic codes. The purpose of this list is to allow the designation of the language or languages in MARC records. The list contains 434 discrete codes, of which 54 are used for groups of languages.

CHANGES IN 2000 EDITION

This list includes all valid codes and code assignments as of February 2000. This revised edition includes numerous changes necessary for compatibility with the newly approved ISO 639-2 in 1998 (Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages Part 2: Alpha-3 Code). There are 26 code changes, 1 deletion, and 32 additions in this revision.

STRUCTURE OF THE CODES

The language codes are three-character lowercase alphabetic strings usually based on the first three letters of the English form or, in some cases, vernacular of the corresponding language name. The codes are varied where necessary to resolve conflicts. In the case of modem and older forms of some languages, the initial letters of each part of the language name are used to form the code, e.g. gmh for German, Middle High, and goh for German, Old High. When the name of a language is changed in the list, the original code is generally retained.

INDIVIDUAL LANGUAGE CODES

This list includes individual codes for most of the major languages of the modem and ancient world, e.g. Arabic, Chinese, English, Hindi, Latin, Tagalog, etc. These are the languages that are most frequently represented in the total body of the world's literature. Additional codes for individual languages are created from time to time when it becomes apparent that a significant body of literature in a particular language already exists, or when it is determined that the amount of material in a language is growing.

Usually only one code is provided for a given language, even if that language can be written in more than one set of characters. In a few cases however, separate codes are provided for the same spoken language written in different characters.

LANGUAGE GROUP CODES

In addition to codes for individual languages, the list also contains a number of codes for language groups. While some individual languages are given their own unique code, although linguistically they are part of a language group, many individual languages are assigned a group code, because it is not considered practical to establish a separate code for each.

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page v Introduction

Group codes may be recognized by the fact that the name listed in association with the code does not represent an individual language, and includes either the generic term "languages" or the expression "(Other)," as opposed to names of individual languages which do not include these terms. For example:

myn Mayan languages

nic Niger-Kordofanian (Other)

These language group codes are generally established at a very broad level, e.g. South American Indian (Other) sai. Although some South American Indian languages have their own unique codes, such as Mapuche am and Aymara aym, all other South American Indian languages which have not been assigned a unique code, such as the Cumana language, are assigned the group code sai.

Some group codes have been established at an intermediate level when individual languages and dialects within that group did not warrant discrete codes, yet it was felt that assignment to one of the very broad group codes was not sufficiently specific. For example, the Athapascan language group, a subgroup of North American Indian languages, is given the code ath, and that code rather than nai, the code for North American Indian (Other), is assigned to Athapascan languages not having their own codes.

Ancient languages which are not given unique codes are assigned the code for the major language group to which each belongs, rather than the code for the modem language which evolved from the ancient language. Thus, the language Swedish, Old is assigned the code gem for the language group Germanic (Other) instead of the code swe for the modem language Swedish.

Dialects are normally treated like any individual language entered in the list, and are generally assigned a group code. However, if a dialect of a language as well as the language itself is entered in the list, the dialect is usually assigned the same code as the code for the language. If the language is assigned a group code, the dialect is assigned the same group code. For example, Bolinao, a dialect of Sambali, and Sambali language itself are both assigned phi, the group code for Philippine (Other). If the language has a unique code, the dialect is also assigned that code rather than the code for the group to which both belong. For example, Aja, a dialect of Ewe, is assigned ewe, the code for Ewe. In a few instances, however, both the language and a dialect of that language have their own unique codes. For example, Akan has the code aka, and Twi, a dialect of Akan, has the code twi.

NAMES OF LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS

The form of name of a language used in this code list normally corresponds to the form of the name appearing in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), with the exception that names of individual languages in the list generally do not include the terms "language" or "dialect" and consist of only the substantive portion of the name. For example:

English (name in code list) English language (name in LCSH)

LCSH forms of names have not been used for the code list name if they make use of subdivisions; instead such headings are reformulated into phrase expressions for this list. This most often occurs in connection with headings for local dialects: page vi February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Introduction

Morvan French (name in code list) French Language-Dialects—France—Morvan (name in LCSH)

In addition, names of early forms of modem languages often appear in the code list in a form different from LCSH which frequently makes use of chronological subdivisions:

Swedish, Old (to 1550) (name in code list) Swedish language-To 1550 (name in LCSH)

SPECIAL CODES FOR SPECIAL SITUATIONS

In addition to codes for individual languages and language groups, codes are also provided for three special situations.

Undetermined [und]—This code is used if the language associated with an item cannot be determined. This code is also used for works having textual content consisting of arbitrary syllables, humming or other human-produced sounds for which a language cannot be specified.

Multiple languages [mul]—This code is used when two or more languages are associated with an item, and it is not practical to use codes for all of the languages.

Blanks [###]—Three blanks are used in place of a language code when the item has no sung, spoken, or written textual content (e.g. instrumental or electronic music; sound recordings consisting of nonverbal sounds; audiovisual materials with no narration, printed titles, or subtitles; machine-readable data files consisting of machine languages or character codes).

ARRANGEMENT OF THE LIST

The list is made up of two basic parts: Part I: Name Sequence, and Part II: Code Sequence. A description of these two parts follows.

Part I: Name Sequence. In this part, the languages are listed alphabetically by the name. An entry for an individual language gives the name followed by the code in brackets, both in boldface. Any variant names of the language are listed on successive lines, with the first variant preceded by the symbol UF (used for). For example:

Aramaic [arc] UF Biblical Aramaic Chaldean

The entry for an individual language which does not have a unique code, but is assigned a group code is similar, except that the assigned code with its language group name is given on the lines following the name.

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page vn Introduction

For example:

Chabacano Assigned collective code [crp] (Creoles and Pidgins (Other)) UF Chavacano Zamboangueno

The entry for a language group is also similar to that for an individual language, with the addition of a list of the individual languages which have been assigned that group code. This list follows the variant names, if any are given. For example:

Creoles and Pidgins (Other) [crp] UF Pidgins Collective code for: Chabacano Fanakalo Naga Pidgin San Basilio del Palenque Spanish Creole Unami jargon

The variant names from each of these entries also appear in their alphabetic position in the list as references, but not in boldface. For example:

Bafang USE Fe’fe’

Chaldean USE Aramaic

These references do not give the code; the entry under the name referred to must be consulted to determine the code.

Part II: Code Sequence. In this part, the languages and their codes are listed alphabetically by the code. Only the name of the individual language or language group and the associated code are given in this part. Tracings or references for variant forms of the language names are not included. For example:

arc Aramaic bai Bamileke languages

Languages which are assigned a group code are not included in the code sequence part. Thus, the language Fe’fe’ which is assigned the group code bai does not appear in this part of the list.

Discontinued codes are also listed in this part in their alphabetical sequence. They are identified by a hyphen preceding the code. For example:

-ajm Aljamia

page viii February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Introduction

USE OF LANGUAGE NAMES IN CATALOGING

The names of individual languages which appear in boldface are the form normally used in uniform titles and notes in bibliographic records. For example:

Homer. Iliad. English, (form in uniform title) Text in Coptic and French; notes in French, (form in note)

Library of Congress Rule Interpretations 1.7B2 and 25.5C should be consulted for specific instructions and exceptions.

The individual languages which appear in boldface also usually correspond to the subject headings for those languages in LCSH. The relationship of language names in this list to LCSH is described more fully above in the section "Names of Languages and Dialects."

MARC 21 FIELDS IN WHICH CODES ARE USED

Language codes are used in the following MARC 21 fields:

Bibliographic records 008/35-37 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language 040$b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging 041 Language Code 242$y Translation of Title by Cataloging Agency / Language code of translated title 775$e Other Edition Entry / Language code

Authority records 040$b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging

Holdings records 008/22-24 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language 040$b Record Source / Language of cataloging

Classification records 040$b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging 084$e Classification Scheme and Edition / Language code

Community Information records 008/12-14 Fixed-Length Data Elements / Language 040$b Cataloging Source / Language of cataloging 041 Language Code

The appropriate format document should be consulted for specific instructions on the use of language codes in these fields and subfields.

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page ix Introduction

PUBLICATION BACKGROUND

This list was originally compiled in collaboration with Library of Congress MARC Pilot Project participants, the National Library of Medicine, the National Agricultural Library, and the Defense Language Institute. In addition, the language list of the Center for Applied Linguistics, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), and language specialists were consulted. The list was revised by a committee of the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and became an American National Standard in 1987: Codes for the Representation of Languages for Information Interchange (ANSI Z39.53).

CODE MAINTENANCE

The Library of Congress is the maintenance agency for this list and for both ANSI Z39.53 and ISO 639-2. Questions and requests for information about this list should be sent to the Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540-4305. ANSI Z39.53 and ISO 639-2 include only the list of codes and associated language or language group name (as in Part II. of this document)

Notices describing additions/deletions of code values will be issued for all changes to the language codes made in the interim period between issuance of revised versions of this document.

OTHER RELATED DOCUMENTS

Codes for the Representation of Languages for Information Interchange (ANSI Z39.53) Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages Part 2: Alpha-3 Codes (ISO 639-2)

page x February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

PARTI: NAME SEQUENCE

A-ch‘ang Bo (Cameroon) Assigned collective code [kac] Bon (Cameroon) (Kachin) Abo (Sudan) UF Ach’ang USE Toposa Atsang Abor Ngoqchang Assigned collective code [sit] Aba (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Chiriguano UF Adi Abaknon Miri Assigned collective code [phi] Mising (Philippine (Other)) Aborlan Tagbanwa UF Capul USE Tagbanua Inabaknon Abua Kapul Assigned collective code [nic] Sama Abaknon (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Abau Abujhmaria Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [gon] (Gondi) (Other)) Abulas UF Green River Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Abaw (Other)) USE Abo (Cameroon) UF Ambulas Abazin Maprik Assigned collective code [cau] Acadian (Louisiana) (Caucasian (Other)) USE Cajun French Abenaki Acateco Assigned collective code [alg] USE Akatek (Algonquian (Other)) Achagua UF Abnaki Assigned collective code [sai] (South Abia American Indian (Other)) USE Aneme Wake Ach’ang Abidji USE A-ch‘ang Assigned collective code [nic] Ache (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Guayaki UF Adidji Achi, Cubulco Ari (Cote d’Ivoire) USE Cubulco Achi Abigar Achi, Rabinal USE Nuer USE Rabinal Achi Abkhaz [abk] Achinese [ace] Abnaki UF Atjeh USE Abenaki Acholi Abo (Cameroon) USE Acoli Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Achuale (Other)) USE Achuar UF Abaw

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 11 Name Sequence

Achuar Afar [aar] Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Adaiel American Indian (Other)) Danakil UF Achuale Afenmai Achuara Jivaro USE Etsako Jivaro, Achuara Afghan Achuara Jivaro USE Pushto USE Achuar Afrihili (Artificial language) [afh] Acoli [ach] Afrikaans [afr] UF Acholi UF Cape Dutch Gang Afroasiatic (Other) [afa] Lwo Collective code for: Shuli An gas Acra Bidiyo USE Ga Daba Acuan- Sha vante Dangaleat USE Xavante Day (Chad) Adaiel Gamo USE Afar Gude Adamawa Jongor USE Fula Kamwe Adangme [ada] Kanakuru UF Dangme Mafa Adari Mandara USE Harari Mas a (Chadic) Adi Miya USE Abor Musgu Adidji Nancere USE Abidji Ngizim Adja Paduko USE Aja (Benin and Togo) Ron Adjaua Southern Mofu USE Yao Tera Adnyamatana Tuburi USE Wailpi Tumak Adygei Uldeme Assigned collective code [cau] Yemsa (Caucasian (Other)) Zulgo UF Circassian, Lower Afshar Circassian, West Assigned collective code [aze] Kiakh (Azerbaijani) Kjax Agarabe Lower Circassian Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan West Circassian (Other)) Aeta Negrito Agni USE Botolan Sambal USE Anyi Afan USE Oromo

page 12 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Agta Ajawa Assigned collective code [phi] USE Yao (Philippine (Other)) Ajie UF Central Cagayan Negrito Assigned collective code [map] Agta (Casiguran) (Austronesian (Other)) USE Dumagat (Casiguran) UF Houailou Agta (Umirey) Wailu USE Dumagat (Umirey) Aka Aguacatec USE Apatani Assigned collective code [myn] Aka (Central African Republic) (Mayan languages) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Aguaruna (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Akan [aka] American Indian (Other)) UF Twi-Fante Agusan Manobo Akare Assigned collective code [mno] USE Kare (Manobo languages) Akarimojong Agutaynon USE Karamojong Assigned collective code [phi] Akatek (Philippine (Other)) Assigned collective code [myn] (Mayan Ahirani languages) Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie UF Acateco (Other)) Kanjobal, Western Ahom San Miguel Acatan Kanjobal Assigned collective code [tai] Western Kanjobal (Other)) Akeroa Aht USE Toposa USE Nootka Akha Ahtena USE Kaw Assigned collective code [ath] Akkadian [akk] (Athapascan (Other)) UF As syro-Baby Ionian A’i Babylonian USE Cofan Aklanon Aikoa Assigned collective code [phi] USE Mori (Philippine (Other)) Aili-Gaili Akposo USE Surinam Hindustani USE Kposo Aimara Aku USE Aymara USE Yoruba Ainu Aku (Creole) Assigned collective code [mis] USE Krio (Miscellaneous languages) Akuapem Aja (Benin and Togo) USE Twi Assigned collective code [ewe] Akwe-Shavante (Ewe) USE Xavante UF Adja Akye USE Attie

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 13 Name Sequence

Alabama Potawatomi Assigned collective code [nai] (North Powhatan American Indian (Other)) Quileute Alacaluf Roanoak Assigned collective code [sai] (South Shawnee American Indian (Other)) Wampanoag UF Kawesqar Algonquin Alada Assigned collective code [alg] yjSE Gun-Gbe (Algonquian (Other)) Alalak UF Algonkin USE Barangas Allevard French Alamblak Assigned collective code [fre] (French) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Other)) UF French, Allevard Alangan Alsatian German Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [ger] (Philippine (Other)) (German) Alas Altai Assigned collective code [btk] (Batak) Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Alawa (Other)) Assigned collective code [aus] UF Oirat (Turkic) (Australian languages) Altai, Northern UF Galawa USE Northern Altai Albanian [alb] Altaic (Other) [tut] Also collective code for: UF Turko-Tataric (Other) Calabrian Albanian Collective code for: Albanian, Calabrian Altai USE Calabrian Albanian Bulgaro-Turkic Aleut [ale] Crimean Tatar UF Eleuth Dagur Aleut (Eskimo) Even USE Pacific Gulf Yupik Evenki Algonkin Gagauz USE Algonquin Greek Tatar Algonquian (Other) [alg] Kalmyk Collective code for: Karachay-Balkar Abenaki Karaim Algonquin Khakass Fox Khalaj Illinois Khorezmian Turkic Kickapoo Kipchak Mahican Moghol Massachuset Mongour Menominee Nanai Miami (Ind. and Okla.) Nogai Mohegan Northern Altai Passamaquoddy Oirat Penobscot Olcha

page 14 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Altaic (Other) (Cont.) American Sign Language Old Turkic Assigned collective code [sgn] (Sign Oroqen languages) Salar Amganad Ifugao Shor Assigned collective code [phi] Sibo (Philippine (Other)) Teleut UF Ifugao, Amganad Turkish, Old (to 1500) Amharic [amh] Udekhe UF Amarigna Alur Amarinya Assigned collective code [ssa] Ami (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Amis UF Dho Alur Amis Lur Assigned collective code [map] Alyawarra (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [aus] UF Ami (Australian languages) Amishgo UF Iliaura Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Ama (Papua New Guinea) American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Amuzgo (Other)) Ammonite UF Sawiyanu Assigned collective code [sem] Amahuaca (Semitic (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Ampale American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Sayaco (Other)) Amanaya UF Ampeeli USE Nzima Ampeeli Amarakaeri USE Ampale USE Mashco Amuesha Amardic Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Elamite American Indian (Other)) Amarigna UF Lorenzo USE Amharic Amuzgo Amarinya USE Amishgo USE Amharic Anano Ambo (Angola and Namibia) USE Guanano USE Ndonga Anatolian Turkish, Old Ambrym USE Turkish, Old (to 1500) Assigned collective code [map] Ancient Greek (Austronesian (Other)) USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Ambu Ancient Hebrew USE Annobon USE Hebrew Ambulas Andamanese USE Abulas Assigned collective code [mis] Amele (Miscellaneous languages) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Andarang (Other)) USE Wandarang

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 15 Name Sequence

Ande Angika USE Campa Assigned collective code [bih] (Bihari) Ande (Artificial language) Anglo-French Assigned collective code [art] USE Anglo-Norman (Artificial (Other)) Anglo-Norman Andhra Assigned collective code [roa] USE Telugu (Romance (Other)) Andian UF Anglo-French USE Mandar Norman-French Andilyaligwa Anglo-Saxon Assigned collective code [aus] USE English, Old (ca. 450-1100) (Australian languages) Angola UF Groote Eylandt USE Kimbundu Ingura Anjam Andira USE Bom USE Maue Ankave Andoque Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Angave Aneme Wake Annamese Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Vietnamese (Other)) Annobon UF Abia Assigned collective code [cpp] (Creoles Musa, Upper and Pidgins, Portuguese-based Upper Musa (Other)) Anesu UF Ambu Assigned collective code [map] Antiqueno (Austronesian (Other)) USE Kinaray-a UF Canala Anuak Kanala Assigned collective code [ssa] Xaracuu (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Yaracuu UF Yambo Anga (Ghana) Anufo USE Hanga (Ghana) Assigned collective code [nic] Angas (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] UF Chakosi (Afroasiatic (Other)) Anufo (Cote d’Ivoire) UF Karan USE Brissa Karang (Nigeria) Anum Ngas USE Gwa (Ghana) Angave Anun USE Ankave USE Paraujano Anggor Anyang Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [nic] (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Bibriari UF Denya Senagi Watapor page 16 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Anyi Arabela Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [sai] (South American Indian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Chiripuno UF Agni Arabic [ara] Anzanic Aragonese Spanish USE Elamite Assigned collective code [spa] Ao (Spanish) Assigned collective code [sit] UF Spanish, Aragonese (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Arakanese UF Chungli Assigned collective code [sit] Hatigorria (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Mongsen UF Maghi Zungi Rakhaing Zwingi Aramaic [arc] Aomie UF Biblical Aramaic Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Chaldean (Other)) Aranda UF Omie Assigned collective code [aus] Apa Tanang (Australian languages) USE Apatani Araona Apabhramsa Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie American Indian (Other)) (Other)) Arapaho [arp] Apache languages [apa] Arapesh, Mountain Collective code for: USE Mountain Arapesh Chiricahua Arapium Mescalero use Maue White Mountain Apache Ararge Apalai USE Harari Assigned collective code [sai] (South Araucanian American Indian (Other)) USE Mapuche Apatani Arawak [arw] Assigned collective code [sit] UF Loko (Arawakan) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Lokono UF Aka Areare Apa Tanang Assigned collective code [map] Hruso (Austronesian (Other)) Apayao Arecuna USE Isneg Assigned collective code [sai] (South Apindji American Indian (Other)) Tsogo USE Arekena Apurahuano Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tagbanua USE American Indian (Other)) Apurina UF Guarequena Ipurina USE Uarequena Warekena

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 17 Name Sequence

Arhuaco Asheninca USE lea USE Campa Ari (Cote d’Ivoire) Ashluslay USE Abidji USE Chulupi Arikara As! Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Ossetic American Indian (Other)) Asiatic Eskimo Aripaktsa USE Yuit USE Rikbaktsa Aslian languages, Central Ariti USE Senoic languages USE Paressi Asmat Armenian [arm] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Armoric (Other)) USE Breton Assamese [asm] Aromanian Assiniboine Assigned collective code [roa] Assigned collective code [dak] (Romance (Other)) (Dakota) UF Macedo-Romanian Assyro-Babylonian Arorai USE Akkadian USE Gilbertese Asturian Arosario USE Bable USE Damana Asu Arosi Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [map] (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Athu Artificial (Other) [art] Chasu Collective code for: Pare Ande (Artificial language) Asuri Babm Assigned collective code [mun] Enochian (Munda (Other)) Glosa (Artificial language) Asurini Ido USE Tenetehara International auxiliari linguo Ata Manobo (Artificial language) Assigned collective code [mno] Loglan (Artificial language) (Manobo languages) Neo (Artificial language) Atayal Novial (Artificial language) USE Tayal Tsolyani (Artificial language) Ateso Aruaco USE Teso USE lea Athapascan (Other) [ath] Asaro Collective code for: Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Ahtena (Other)) Carrier UF Dano Chilcotin Upper Asaro Dena ’ina Ashanti Kasha USE Twi Kawchottine Kiowa Apache

page 18 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Athapascan (Other) (Cont.) Aucaans Koyukon USE Djuka Sarsi Auhelawa Sekani-Beaver USE Kurada Tagish Aukan Tahltan USE Djuka Tsattine Australasian Signed English Upper Tanana Assigned collective code [sgn] (Sign Upper Umpqua languages) Athu Australian languages [aus] USE Asu Collective code for: Atimuca Alawa USE Timucua Alyawarra Atjeh Andilyaugwa USE Achinese Aranda Atoni Bandjalang USE Timor Bidjara Atsang Burarra USE A-ch‘ang Butchulla Atsera Dargari Assigned collective code [map] Darling River dialects (Austronesian (Other)) Djaru Atsugewi Djinang Assigned collective code [nai] (North Djingili American Indian (Other)) Garawa Atta Gidabal Assigned collective code [phi] Gubbi-Gubbi (Philippine (Other)) Gugada UF Northern Cagayan Negrito Gumatj Attic Greek Gungabula Assigned collective code [grc] (Greek, Gupapuyngu Ancient (to 1453)) Iwaidji UF Greek, Attic Jindjibandji Attie Kalkatungu Assigned collective code [nic] Kattang (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Kuku-Yalanji UF Akye Kuuku Ya’u Kurobu Mandjildjara Attouat Mangarayi USE Katu Maranungku Atynyamatana Martu Wangka USE Wailpi Murinbata Atzinca Narrinyeri USE Ocuiltec Ngaanyatjara Au Ngandi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Ngarinyin (Other)) Ngarluma Nukunu

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 19 Name Sequence

Australian languages (Cont.) Dobel Nunggubuyu Dobu Pintupi Dumbea Pitjantjatjara Dusun Thangatti East Makian Tiwi (Melville Island) East Uvean Umpila Enggano Wailpi Eromanga Walbiri Futuna-Aniwa - Walmatjari Gapapaiwa Wandarang Gedaged Wan ’guri Gumasi Western Desert Halia Wik-Munkan Ham Worora Iai (Loyalty Islands) Yidiny Iamalele Yualyai Iduna Austronesian (Other) [map] Irahutu UF Malayo-Polynesian (Other) Kaili Collective code for: Kaiwa (Papua New Guinea) Ajie Kambera Ambrym Kara (Papua New Guinea) Amis Katingan Anesu Kaulong Areare Kemak Arosi Kerinci Atsera Kiriwinian Bajau Komodo Balaesang Kubu Banjar Hulu Kurada Barangas Kwara ’ae Baree Lau Berawan Lavongai Biliau Lenakel Bimanese Lindrou Bolaang Mongondow Manam Buang Mandak Bugotu Mangap Bukar Sadong Manggarai (Indonesia) Bunama Mangseng Bunun Marquesan Buol Mekeo Bwaidoga Mele-Fila Camuhi Mentawai Carolinian Mokilese Daa Mori Daw aw a Mortlock Dehu Motu page 20 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Austronesian (Other) (Cont.) Tamuan Mouk Tanga (Tanga Islands) Mukawa Tavara (Papua New Guinea) Muna Tawoyan Nakanai Tayal Nali Teop Napu Tidore Nemi Tikopia Nengone Timor Ngada Tinputz Ngatik Tolai Nguna Tolaki Nuaulu Tombulu Nukuoro Tondano Numfor Tonsea Paiwan Toraja Pala Toraja Sa ’dan Paranan Tuamotuan Petats Tubetube Puluwat Ulithi Ramoaaina Uma Rejang (Sumatra, Indonesia) Uripiv Rennellese Wandamen Rod Wewewa Rotuman Woleai Rukai Wolio Sangen Yabim Sangil Yamdena Sangir (Indonesia and Auyana Philippines) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Saposa (Other)) Sawu Avahattha Sedik Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Serawai (Other)) Sigi Avaric [ava] Sinagoro Avesta Sio USE Avestan Sissano Avestan [ave] Sobei UF Avesta Sokop Bactrian, Old Sonsorol-Tobi Old Bactrian Suau Old Persian (Avestan) Sumba Persian, Old (Avestan) Sumbawa Zend Sursurunga Awa (Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Suwawa Guinea) Tagula Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Talaud (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 21 Name Sequence

Awadhi [awa] Bafang Ayan USE Fe’fe’ USE Bassari Bafia Ayangan Ifugao Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [phi] (Other)) (Philippine (Other)) Bagandji dialects UF Ifiigao, Ayangan USE Darling River dialects Aymara [aym] Bagheli UF Aimara Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Ayo (Other)) USE Yao Bagirmi Ayook Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Mixe (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Ayore UF Barma USE Moro (South America) Bagobo Ayoweo Assigned collective code [phi] USE Moro (South America) (Philippine (Other)) Azande Bagobo, Upper USE Zande USE Manuvu Azerbaijani [aze] Bagri UF Azeri Assigned collective code [raj] Also collective code for: (Rajasthani) Afshar Bahasa Indonesia Azeri USE Indonesian USE Azerbaijani Bahinemo Aztec Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Nahuatl (Other)) Baagingi’ UF Gahom USE Balangingi Wogu Bable Bahnar Assigned collective code [spa] Assigned collective code [mkh] (Spanish) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) UF Asturian Bai (China) Babm USE Pai (China) Assigned collective code [art] Baingai (Artificial (Other)) USE Biangai Babungo Baining USE Ngo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Babylonian (Other)) USE Akkadian UF Kakat Bac Makakat USE Bats Maqaqet Bacairi Qaqet USE Bakairi Bactrian, Old USE Avestan Badjo USE Bajau page 22 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Bajau Bangingi Assigned collective code [map] Northern Sinama (Austronesian (Other)) Sama Bangingi UF Badjo Sea Samal Bayo Sinama, Northern Luaan Bali (Cameroon) Orang Laut (Indonesia) USE Mungaka Sama (Indonesia) Balinese [ban] Turije’ne’ Balkar Bajjika USE Karachay-Balkar Assigned collective code [bih] (Bihari) Balti Baka Assigned collective code [sit] Assigned collective code [ssa] (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) UF Baltistani UF Tara Baaka Bhotia of Baltistan Baka (Cameroon and Gabon) Sbalti Assigned collective code [nic] Baltic (Other) [bat] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Collective code for: Bakairi Prussian Assigned collective code [sai] (South Baltistani American Indian (Other)) USE Balti UF Bacairi Baluchi [bal] Bakare UF Biluchi USE Kare Bamana (Mandekan) Bakumpai USE Bambara Assigned collective code [day] (Dayak) Bamana (Senufo) USE Mamara Bakundu Bambara [bam] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Bamana (Mandekan) (Other)) Bamileke-Jo UF Kundu USE Bandjoun Balaesang Bamileke languages [bai] Assigned collective code [map] Collective code for: (Austronesian (Other)) Bandjoun UF Balaisang Fefe’ Pajo Ngyemboon Balaisang Yemba USE Balaesang Bamun Balali Assigned collective code [nic] USE Teke (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Balangao Banaa Assigned collective code [phi] USE Masa (Chadic) (Philippine (Other)) Banana (Masa) Balangingi USE Masa (Chadic) Assigned collective code [phi] Banda [bad] (Philippine (Other)) Also collective code for: UF Baagingi’ Linda

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 23 Name Sequence

Bandi Benga USE Gbandi Bobangi Bandjalang Bolia Assigned collective code [aus] Boma (Congo) (Australian languages) Bomitaba UF Minyung Bondei Bandjoun Bukusu Assigned collective code [bai] Bulu (Bamileke languages) Chaga UF Bamileke-Jo Chokwe Banen Doko (Congo) USE Tunen Duruma Bangala (Congo) Embu USE Lingala Fuliru Bangaru Ganguela Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Giryama (Other)) Gisu UF Hariani Gusii Jatu Haya Bangingi Hehe USE Balangingi Hunde Baniwa Ila Assigned collective code [sai] (South Kako American Indian (Other)) Kalanga (Botswana and Banj ar Hulu Zimbabwe) Assigned collective code [map] Kaonde (Austronesian (Other)) Kare UF Hulu Kete Banjara Kombe USE Lambadi Komo (Congo) Bantawa Koozime Assigned collective code [sit] Kwangali (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Kwiri UF Bontawa Lala Kirata Ral Lenje Banton Logooli Assigned collective code [phi] Lucazi (Philippine (Other)) Luvale UF Bantuanon Luyana Bantu (Other) [bnt] Luyia Collective code for: Maka (Cameroon) Abo (Cameroon) Makonde Aka (Central African Republic) Makua Asu Mbo (Cameroon) Bafia Mbosi Bakundu Mbukushu Bad Meru Bembe (Congo (Brazzaville)) Mituku page 24 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Bantu (Other) (Cont.) Bara (Colombia) Mpongwe USE Barasana del Norte Mpur Barasana del Sur Nambya Bara (India and Nepal) Nande USE Bodo Ngonde Bara (Indonesia) Nika USE Napu Ntomba Bara (Madagascar) Nyaneka Assigned collective code [mlg] Nyanga (Malagasy) Pangwa Barai Pende Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Punu (Other)) Ronga Barangas Ruund Assigned collective code [map] Sakata (Austronesian (Other)) Salampasu UF Alalak Sena Barasana del Norte Senga Assigned collective code [sai] (South Shi American Indian (Other)) Songe UF Bara (Colombia) Subiya Northern Barasano Suku (Congo) Barasana del Sur Taita Assigned collective code [sai] (South Teke American Indian (Other)) Tembo (Sud-Kivu, Congo) UF Bara (Colombia) Tete Southern Barasano Tetela Baree Tharaka Assigned collective code [map] Tonga (Inhambane) (Austronesian (Other)) Tonga (Zambesi) Bargam Tooro USE Mugil Tsogo Bargu Tswa USE Bariba Tunen Bari Yaka (Congo and Angola) Assigned collective code [ssa] Yanzi (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Yombe UF Dzilio Zanaki Bari (Venezuela) Bantuanon USE Motilon USE Banton Baria Baoule Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Baule (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Bapounou UF Kolkotta USE Punu Mogoreb Bara (Australia) Morda USE Burarra Nara Nere

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 25 Name Sequence

Bariba Batak Mandailing Assigned collective code [nic] USE Mandailing (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Batan UF Bargu Assigned collective code [phi] Berba (Benin and Nigeria) (Philippine (Other)) Barlig Bontoc UF Basco USE Southern Bontoc Ibatan Barma Isamurang USE Bagirmi Ivatan Bartang Saptang Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian Bati (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Barn (Other)) USE Loma Bats Baruya Assigned collective code [cau] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Caucasian (Other)) (Other)) UF Bac Basa [bas] Tsova-Tush Basari (Togo and Ghana) Tush USE Tobote Batta (Sumatra) Basco USE Batak USE Batan Batuco Bashgali USE Eudeve Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Baudi (Other)) USE Bauzi UF Kati Baule Bashkir [bak] Assigned collective code [nic] Basque [baq] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Euskara UF Baoule Bassari Baungshe Assigned collective code [nic] USE Haka Chin (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Bauri UF Ayan USE Bauzi Biyan Bauzi Wo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Bastari (Other)) USE Halbi UF Baudi Batad Ifugao Bauri Assigned collective code [phi] Pauwi (Philippine (Other)) Baya UF Ifugao, Batad USE Gbaya Batak [btk] Bayo UF Batta (Sumatra) USE Bajau Also collective code for: Be Alas Karo-Batak Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Mandailing (Other)) Simelungun UF Ongbe Toba-Batak

page 26 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Beach-la-mar Bembe (Congo (Brazzaville)) USE Bislama Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Bearnais (post-1500) (Other)) Assigned collective code [oci] (Occitan UF KiBembe (post-1500)) Mbembe Beche-de-mer Benabena USE Bislama Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Bechuana (Other)) USE Tswana Benda (Bantu) Bedawiye USE Venda USE Beja Benga Bedja Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Beja (Other)) Behari Bengali [ben] USE Bihari Also collective code for: Beir Rajbangsi USE Murle Benguet Igorot Beja [bej] USE Ibaloi UF Bedawiye Benin Bedja USE Bini Bishari Benue-Congo languages Bekwarra Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [nic] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Beothuk Belagar Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Blagar American Indian (Other)) Belanda Berawan USE Bor (Lwo) Assigned collective code [map] Belarusian [bel] (Austronesian (Other)) UF Belorussian Berba (Benin and Burkina Faso) Byelorussian USE Biali Russian, White Berba (Benin and Nigeria) White Russian USE Bariba Bella Bella Berber (Other) [ber] Assigned collective code [wak] Collective code for: (Wakashan languages) Mzab Bella Coola Shilha Assigned collective code [sal] Tamazight (Salishan languages) Beri-aa Bellonese USE Zaghawa USE Rennellese Berik Belorussian Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Belarusian (Other)) Belu Berom USE Tetum USE Birom Bemba [bem] Berouhi USE Brahui

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 27 Name Sequence

Berri Biangai USE Zaghawa Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Betammadibe (Other)) USE Somba UF Baingai Bete Biatah Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru Assigned collective code [day] (Dayak) (Other)) Biblical Aramaic Beti USE Aramaic USE Ewondo Biblical Greek Betsileo' USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Assigned collective code [mlg] Bibriari (Malagasy) USE Anggor Bezhta Bichelamar Assigned collective code [cau] USE Bislama (Caucasian (Other)) Bidayuh Bhaipei USE Dayak USE Vaiphei Bideyu Bhili USE Dayak Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Bidiyo (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] Bhojpuri [bho] (Afroasiatic (Other)) Also collective code for: Bidjara Sadani Assigned collective code [aus] Bhotanta (Australian languages) USE Tibetan UF Pitjara Bhotia of Baltistan Bidyogo USE Balti USE Bijago Bhotia of Bhutan Bieri USE Dzongkha USE Biali Bhotic of Sikkim Big Sepik USE Danjong-ka USE Iatmul Bhumij Bihari [bih] Assigned collective code [mun] UF Behari (Munda (Other)) Also collective code for: Bhutan Angika USE Tibetan Bajjika Bhutanese Kurmali USE Dzongkha Bijago Biadju Assigned collective code [nic] USE Ngaju (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Biali UF Bidyogo Assigned collective code [nic] Bik (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Judeo-Tat UF Berba (Benin and Burkina Faso) Bikol [bik] Bieri UF Vikol

page 28 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Bilaan Bouroum Assigned collective code [phi] Burum (Nigeria) (Philippine (Other)) Kibo Biliau Kibyen Assigned collective code [map] Shosho (Austronesian (Other)) Bishari Bilin USE Beja Assigned collective code [cus] Bislama [bis] (Cushitic (Other)) UF Beach-la-mar Biloxi Beche-de-mer Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan Bichelamar (Other)) Bisorio Biluchi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Baluchi (Other)) Bimanese UF Gadio Assigned collective code [map] Iniai (Austronesian (Other)) Biyan Bindubi USE Bassari USE Pintupi Black Bobo Bini [bin] USE Bobo Fing UF Benin Black Carib Do Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Edo American Indian (Other)) Binokid UF Carib, Black USE Binukid Manobo Garifuna Bintukua Black Flowery Miao USE lea USE Hmong Njua Binubolinao Black Tai USE Bolinao Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Binukid Manobo (Other)) Assigned collective code [mno] UF Tai, Black (Manobo languages) Tai Dam UF Binokid Tai Noir Bukidnon Blackfoot Binukidnon USE Siksika USE Kinaray-a Blagar Binumarien Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Other)) (Other)) UF Belagar Birifor Tarang Assigned collective code [nic] Blanche Bay (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Tolai Birohi Blang Assigned collective code [mkh] USE Brahui (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Birom UF Bulang Assigned collective code [nic] Plang (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Pulang UF Berom Samtao

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 29 Name Sequence

Blue Miao Bom USE Hmong Njua Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Bo (Other)) USE Pacoh UF Anjam Bo (Cameroon) Bogadjim USE Abo (Cameroon) Lalok Bobangi Boma (Congo) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Other)) (Other)) UF Rebu UF Buma (Congo) Bobo Fing Bomitaba Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Other)) UF Black Bobo UF Mbomitaba Bulse Mitaba Firing Bomu Bobo Wule USE Boomu USE Bwamu Bon (Cameroon) Bodo USE Abo (Cameroon) Assigned collective code [sit] Bondei (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] UF Bara (India and Nepal) (Bantu (Other)) Boro (India and Nepal) Bong Miew Kachari, Plains USE Cua Mech Bongo Plains Kachari Assigned collective code [ssa] Bogadjim (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Bom Bongo-Bagirmi languages Bohemian Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Czech (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Bokmaal Bonny USE Norwegian USE Ibani Boko Bontawa USE Busa USE Bantawa Bola (Portuguese Guinea) Bontoc USE Mankanya Assigned collective code [phi] Bolaang Mongondow (Philippine (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Finontok (Austronesian (Other)) Bontoc, Central Bolia USE Central Bontoc Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Bontoc, Eastern (Other)) USE Eastern Bontoc UF Bulia Bontoc, Southern Bolinao USE Southern Bontoc Assigned collective code [phi] Bontoc, Western (Philippine (Other)) USE Northern Kankanay UF Binubolinao

page 30 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Boomu Boua languages Assigned collective code [nic] USE Bua languages (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Bouamou UF Bomu USE Bwamu Boorishki Bouem USE Burushaski USE Lefana Bor (Lwo) Boulou Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Bulu (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Bouroum UF Belanda USE Birom Bora Boutan Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Tibetan American Indian (Other)) Bozo UF Boro (South America) Assigned collective code [nic] Boran (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [orm] UF Sorko (Oromo) Sorogo Borduaria Brahui USE Nocte Assigned collective code [dra] Bomu (Dravidian (Other)) USE Kanuri UF Berouhi Boro (India and Nepal) Birohi USE Bodo Brohki Boro (South America) Braj [bra] USE Bora UF Pingal Bororo (Brazil) Brame Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Mankanya American Indian (Other)) Breton [bre] Bororo (West Africa) UF Armoric Assigned collective code [ful] (Fula) Bribri Boruca Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [cai] (Central American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Brissa UF Brunka Assigned collective code [nic] Burunca (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Bosnian [bos] UF Anufo (Cote d’Ivoire) Botelkude British Sign Language USE Halopa Assigned collective code [sgn] (Sign Botlikh languages) Assigned collective code [cau] Brohki (Caucasian (Other)) USE Brahui Botolan Sambal Brunka Assigned collective code [phi] USE Boruca (Philippine (Other)) Bua languages UF Aeta Negrito Assigned collective code [nic] Sambal Botolan (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Sambali Botolan UF Boua languages

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 31 Name Sequence

Bual Bulgarian, Old (to 1100) USE Buol USE Church Slavic Buang Bulgaro-Turkic Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic (Austronesian (Other)) (Other)) Buem UF Turko-Bulgarian USE Lefana Buli Buginese Assigned collective code [nic] USE Bugis (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Bugis [bug] UF Builsa UF Buginese Bulea Bugotu Bulugu Assigned collective code [map] Guresha (Austronesian (Other)) Kanjaga UF Mahaga Bulia Buhagana USE Bolia USE Macuna Bullom, Northern Builsa USE Northern Bullom USE Buli Bullom, Southern Buin USE Sherbro Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Bulse (Other)) USE Bobo Fing UF Rugara Bulu Telei Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Bukar Sadong (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Boulou (Austronesian (Other)) Bulugu UF Sadong USE Buli Serian Bulum Tebakang USE Burum (Papua New Guinea) Bukidnon Buma (Congo) USE Binukid Manobo USE Boma (Congo) Bukidnon Manobo, Western Bunak USE Western Bukidnon Manobo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Bukiyup (Other)) USE Mountain Arapesh Bunama Bukusu Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Austronesian (Other)) (Other)) Bunda UF Lubukusu USE Kimbundu Bulama Bunda (Indonesia) USE Mankanya USE Suwawa Bulang Bundeli USE Blang Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Bulea (Other)) USE Buli Bunun Bulgarian [bul] Assigned collective code [map] (Austronesian (Other))

page 32 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Buol Bwaidoga Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [map] (Austronesian (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Bual Bwaka Bwuolo USE Ngbaka ma’bo Dia Bwamu Burarra Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [aus] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Australian languages) UF Bobo Wule UF Bara (Australia) Bouamou Jikai Bwem Tchikai USE Lefana Buriat [bua] Bwine-Mukuni UF Buryat USE Lenje Burji Bwuolo Assigned collective code [cus] USE Buol (Cushitic (Other)) Byelorussian Burmese [bur] USE Belarusian Burn (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) Byzantine Greek USE Mo (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Burum (Nigeria) Cabardan USE Birom USE Kabardian Burum (Papua New Guinea) Cabecar Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Bulum Cabrai Burunca USE Kabre USE Boruca Cacaopera Burushaski USE Matagalpa Assigned collective code [mis] Cacchi (Miscellaneous languages) USE Kekchi UF Boorishki Cachari Khajuna USE Dimasa Buryat Cacua USE Buriat Assigned collective code [sai] (South Busa American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] UF Macu de cubeo (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Macu de desano UF Boko Macu de guanano Bushman languages Caddo [cad] USE San languages Cagaba Butchulla USE Kagaba Assigned collective code [aus] Cagayano Cillo (Australian languages) USE Kagayanen Bute Cagayanon USE Mbum USE Jama Mapun Buzi USE Loma

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 33 Name Sequence

Cahita Callawalla Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Callahuaya American Indian (Other)) Callawaya Cahuilla USE Callahuaya Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Calmuck American Indian (Other)) USE Kalmyk UF Coahuila Calo (Romany) Kawia (Shoshone) Assigned collective code [rom] Caingang (Romany) USE Kaingang Caluyanun Caingua Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Philippine (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Cam UF Cayua USE Cham Kaingua Camba Kaiwa (Brazil) USE Chiriguano Cajun French Cambodian Assigned collective code [roa] USE Khmer (Romance (Other)) Campa UF Acadian (Louisiana) Assigned collective code [sai] (South French, Cajun American Indian (Other)) Louisiana Acadian UF Ande Louisiana French Asheninca Cakavian Camsa Assigned collective code [sla] (Slavic Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Cakchikel UF Coche Assigned collective code [myn] Kamentza (Mayan languages) Kamsa UF Kacchiquel Sebondoy Cakhar Sibondoy USE Chahar Camuhi Calabar Assigned collective code [map] USE Efik (Austronesian (Other)) Calabrian Albanian UF Cemuhi Assigned collective code [alb] Tyamuhi (Albanian) Wagap UF Albanian, Calabrian Canaanite Calamian Assigned collective code [sem] USE Kalamian (Semitic (Other)) Callahuaya Canala Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Anesu American Indian (Other)) Canamari (Tucanoan) UF Callawalla Assigned collective code [sai] (South Callawaya American Indian (Other)) Kallawaya UF Kanamari (Tucanoan) Qollahuaya Canarese USE Kannada page 34 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Canari Caritiana Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Karitiana American Indian (Other)) Camijo Cancanai USE Fulnio USE Kankanay Carolinian Candoshi Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Austronesian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Carpatho-Rusyn UF Kandoshi Assigned collective code [ukr] Morato (Ukrainian) Murato UF Rusyn Shapra Carrier Canella Assigned collective code [ath] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Athapascan (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Takulli UF Kanela Cashibo Canoeiro Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Rikbaktsa American Indian (Other)) Capanahua UF Comabo Assigned collective code [sai] (South Cashinawa American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Cape Dutch American Indian (Other)) USE Afrikaans UF Kashinawa Capul Sheminawa USE Abaknon Cashubian Caqueta USE Kashubian USE Coreguaje Casiguran Agta Caquinte USE Dumagat (Casiguran) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Casiguran Dumagat American Indian (Other)) USE Dumagat (Casiguran) Caraja Castilian Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Spanish American Indian (Other)) Catalan [cat] UF Karaja Also collective code for: Carapana (Tucanoan) Majorcan Catalan Assigned collective code [sai] (South Valencian Catalan American Indian (Other)) Catalan, Majorcan UF Karapana (Tucanoan) USE Majorcan Catalan Mochda (Tucanoan) Catalan, Valencian Carelian USE Valencian Catalan USE Karelian Catio Carib [car] Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Galibi American Indian (Other)) Carib, Black UF Embena, Northern USE Black Carib Epera, Northern Cariri Katio USE Kariri Northern Epera

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 35 Name Sequence

Caucasian (Other) [cau] Central American Indian (Other) [cai] Collective code for: Use for the other languages of Central Abazin America and Mexico, as well as Adygei for the languages of the Bats Azteco-Tanoan language phylum Bezhta Collective code for: Botlikh Amishgo Dargwa Black Carib Ingush Boruca - Kabardian Bribri Kubachi Cabecar Lak Cahita Mingrelian Cahuilla Svan Chatino Tabasaran Chiapanec Tsakhur Chinantecan languages Ubykh Chocho Urartian Chontal Cauhelawa Cochimi USE Kurada Comanche Cavineno Cora Assigned collective code [sai] (South Cuicatec American Indian (Other)) Cuitlateco Cayapa Cupeho Assigned collective code [sai] (South Eudeve American Indian (Other)) Guatuso Cayapo Guaymi Assigned collective code [sai] (South Hopi American Indian (Other)) Huave UF Kayapo Huichol Cayua Ixcateco USE Caingua Jicaque Cayuga Kawaiisu Assigned collective code [iro] Kiowa (Iroquoian (Other)) Lenca Cebuano [ceb] Mangue UF Sebuano Matagalpa Cegiha Mayo (Piman) USE Dhegiha Mazateco Celdal Miskito USE Tzeltal Mixe Celtic (Other) [cel] Mixtec Collective code for: Opata Gaulish Panamint Welsh, Middle (ca. 1100-1400) Pima Welsh, Old (to 1100) Popoloca Cemuhi Rama USE Camuhi Seri

page 36 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Central American Indian (Other) (Cont.) Ceylon Portuguese Shoshoni USE Indo-Portuguese Sierra Popoluca Chabacano Southern Paiute Assigned collective code [crp] (Creoles Sumo and Pidgins (Other)) Tarahumara UF Chavacano Tarascan Zamboangueno Tepehuan Chacobo Terraba Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tew a American Indian (Other)) Tlapanec Chaga Tohono 0 ’Odham Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Totonac (Other)) Trique UF Djaga Ulva Dschagga Ute Jagga Yaqui Tschagga Zoque Chagatai [chg] Central Aslian languages UF Dschagatai USE Senoic languages Jagataic Central Bontoc Old Uzbek Assigned collective code [phi] Tschagatai (Philippine (Other)) Uzbek, Old UF Bontoc, Central Chahar Central Cagayan Negrito Assigned collective code [mon] USE Agta (Mongolian) Central Ekoi UF Cakhar USE Ejagham Chahta Central Manobo USE Choctaw USE Western Bukidnon Manobo Chakma Central Mindanao Manobo Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie USE Western Bukidnon Manobo (Other)) Central Sakai Chakosi USE Semai USE Anufo Central Subanen Chala Assigned collective code [phi] USE Ron (Philippine (Other)) Chaldean UF Sindangan Subanun USE Aramaic Subanen, Central Chaldean (Urartian) Subanun, Sindangan USE Urartian Central Yupik Cham Assigned collective code [ypk] Assigned collective code [cmc] (Yupik languages) (Chamic languages) UF Eskimo, West Alaska UF Cam West Alaska Eskimo Chama (Tacanan) Cewa USE Ese Ejja USE Chewa

page 37 MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 Name Sequence

Chami Chawi Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Chayahuita American Indian (Other)) Chayahuita Chamic languages [cmc] Assigned collective code [sai] (South Collective code for: American Indian (Other)) Cham UF Chawi Haroi Chechen [che] Jarai UF Tchetchen Rade Chepang Roglai Assigned collective code [sit] Chamicuro (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Cheremissian American Indian (Other)) USE Mari Chamling Cherokee [chr] Assigned collective code [sit] Cheso (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [spa] Chamorro [cha] (Spanish) UF Tjamoro Chetimacha Chamula USE Chitimacha USE Tzotzil Chewa Chaiiabal Assigned collective code [nya] USE Tojolabal (Nyanja) Chanco UF Cewa USE Waunana Cheyenne [chy] Chandinahua Chi-yao USE Sharanahua USE Yao Chang Chiapanec Assigned collective code [sit] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Mojung Chibcha [chb] Changana Chicano USE Tsonga USE Spanish Chao Bon Chichimeca-Jonaz USE Nyah Kur Assigned collective code [oto] Chao Le (Otomian languages) USE Urak Lawoi’ Chichimeca Pame Chasu USE Pame USE Asu Chickasaw Chatino Assigned collective code [nai] (North Assigned collective code [cai] (Central American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Chilcotin Chattisgarhi Assigned collective code [ath] Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie (Athapascan (Other)) (Other)) UF Tsilkotin Chavacano Chiluba USE Chabacano USE Luba-Katanga Chavante Acuan Chiluwunda USE Xavante USE Ruund

page 38 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Chimakonde Chiranga USE Makonde USE Siriano Chimane Chiricahua Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [apa] (Apache American Indian (Other)) languages) UF Nawazi-Montji Chiriguano Tsimane Assigned collective code [sai] (South Chimba American Indian (Other)) USE Himba UF Aba Chin, Haka Camba USE Haka Chin Tembeta Chin, Tiddim Chiripa USE Tiddim Chin Assigned collective code [grn] China (Africa) (Guarani) USE Shona UF Tsiripa Chinantecan languages Chiripon-Lete-Anum Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Gwa (Ghana) American Indian (Other)) Chiripuno Chinbok USE Arabela USE Miin Chin Chisalampasu Chinbon USE Salampasu Assigned collective code [sit] Chitimacha (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [nai] (North Chinese [chi] American Indian (Other)) Chingpaw UF Chetimacha USE Kachin Shetimasha Chino Chiwere Assigned collective code [sit] Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) (Other)) UF Jino Chleuh Chinook jargon [chn] USE Shilha UF Chinook pidgin Chocama Chinook pidgin USE Waunana USE Chinook j argon Chocho Chinyanja Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Nyanja American Indian (Other)) Chipaya UF Chuchona Assigned collective code [sai] (South Chocho (Tlapanec) American Indian (Other)) USE Tlapanec UF Puquina (Chipaya) Choctaw [cho] Chipewyan [chp] UF Chahta UF Montagnais (Athapascan) Chippewa USE Ojibwa Chiquito Assigned collective code [sai] (South American Indian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 39 Name Sequence

Chokwe Chuave Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Other)) (Other)) UF Cibokwe UF Tjuave Cokwe Chuchona Jok USE Chocho Katchokue Chuj Kioko Assigned collective code [myn] ,, Quioco (Mayan languages) Tutchokue Chukchi Choi Assigned collective code [mis] Assigned collective code [myn] (Miscellaneous languages) (Mayan languages) UF Tchuktchi Choluteca Tuski USE Mangue Chulupi Chontal Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [cai] (Central American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Ashluslay UF Tequistlateca Nivacle Chontal of Tabasco Chungli Assigned collective code [myn] USE Ao (Mayan languages) Chuntaquiro Chontaquiro USE Chontaquiro Assigned collective code [sai] (South Church Slavic [chu] American Indian (Other)) UF Bulgarian, Old (to 1100) UF Chuntaquiro Old Bulgarian (to 1100) Piro (Arawakan) Old Church Slavic Simirenchi Old Slovenian Chora Slavonic, Old Church USE Cora Slovenian, Old Choresmian Chuukese USE Khorezmi USE Truk Choroti Chuvash [chv] Assigned collective code [sai] (South Chwee American Indian (Other)) USE Twi UF Yofuaha Ci-Renje Chorti USE Lenje Assigned collective code [myn] Cibokwe (Mayan languages) USE Chokwe Chota Nagpuri cilkuhane USE Sadani USE Subiya Chrau Ciluba Assigned collective code [mkh] USE Luba-Lulua (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Cimba Chuana USE Himba USE Tswana Circassian, East Chuang USE Kabardian USE Zhuang

page 40 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Circassian, Lower Coman USE Adygei USE Kipchak Circassian, Upper Comanche USE Kabardian Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Circassian, West American Indian (Other)) USE Adygei Comorian Classical Greek Assigned collective code [swa] USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) (Swahili) Coahuila Comox USE Cahuilla Assigned collective code [sal] Coahuilteco (Salishan languages) Assigned collective code [nai] (North UF Komuk American Indian (Other)) Congo UF Tejano USE Kongo Coaiker Conibo USE Cuaiquer USE Shipibo-Conibo Coana Conob USE Tswana USE Kanjobal Cocama Cook Islands Maori Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Rarotongan American Indian (Other)) Coorg UF Kokama USE Kodagu Ucayale Coos Coche Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Camsa American Indian (Other)) Cochimi UF Kaus Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Kwokwoos American Indian (Other)) Cootenai Cocopa USE Kutenai Assigned collective code [nai] (North Coptic [cop] American Indian (Other)) Cora Cofan Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [sai] (South American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Chora UF A’i Nayarita Kofan Coreguaje Cokwe Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Chokwe American Indian (Other)) Colorado UF Caqueta Assigned collective code [sai] (South Cornish [cor] American Indian (Other)) Corsican [cos] UF Tsacela Coso Yumba USE Panamint Colville Costanoan Assigned collective code [sal] USE Ohlone (Salishan languages) Cotabato Manobo Comabo Assigned collective code [mno] USE Cashibo (Manobo languages)

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 41 Name Sequence

Coto (Tucanoan) Creoles and Pidgins, Portuguese-based (Other) USE Orejon [cpp] Cotocoli UF Portuguese-based Creoles and USE Tern Pidgins (Other) Cree [ere] Collective code for: UF Cris Annobon Knistenaux Crioulo Maskegon Indo-Portuguese Also collective code for: Cretan Greek, East Montagnais USE East Cretan Greek Naskapi Crimean Tatar Creek [mus] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic UF Maskoki . (Other)) Muscogee UF Crimean Turkish Creoles and Pidgins (Other) [crp] Tatar, Crimean UF Pidgins Crimean Turkish Collective code for: USE Crimean Tatar Chabacano Crioulo Fanakalo Assigned collective code [cpp] (Creoles Naga Pidgin and Pidgins, Portuguese-based San Basilio del Palenque (Other)) Spanish Creole Cris Unami jargon USE Cree Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other) Croatian [scr] [cpe] Crow UF English-based Creoles and Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan Pidgins (Other) (Other)) Collective code for: Cua Djuka Assigned collective code [mkh] Fitzroy Valley Kriol (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Hawaiian Pidgin English UF Bong Miew Jamaican Creole Kor Krio Traw Kriol Cuaiquer Pidgin English Assigned collective code [sai] (South Saramaccan American Indian (Other)) Sea Islands Creole UF Coaiker Sranan Koaiker Creoles and Pidgins, French-based (Other) Cuambia [cpfl USE Moguex UF French-based Creoles and Cuana Pidgins (Other) USE Tswana Collective code for: Cuanhama Dominican French Creole USE Kuanyama Haitian French Creole Cubeo Louisiana French Creole Assigned collective code [sai] (South Mauritian French Creole American Indian (Other)) Reunion French Creole page 42 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Cubulco Achi Cymric Assigned collective code [myn] USE Welsh (Mayan languages) Czech [cze] UF Achi, Cubulco UF Bohemian Cuiba Czech, Old (to 1500) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [sla] (Slavic American Indian (Other)) (Other)) UF Cuiva UF Old Czech Cuicatec Daa Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [map] American Indian (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Cuitlateco UF Pekawa Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Daba American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] UF Teco (Cuitlateco) (Afroasiatic (Other)) Cuiva UF Musgoy USE Cuiba Dabossa Culamanes USE Toposa USE Sarangani Manobo Dafla Culina Assigned collective code [sit] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Nisi Cuman Daga USE Kipchak Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Cumana (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Dimuga American Indian (Other)) Nawp Cuna Dagaare Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [nic] American Indian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Kuna Dagbani Cupeno Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Dagomba Cushitic (Other) [cus] Daghur Collective code for: USE Dagur Bilin Dagomba Burji USE Dagbani Gedeo Dagsexe Iraqw USE Tucano Rendile Dagur Tunni Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Cuyunon (Other)) Assigned collective code [phi] UF Daghur (Philippine (Other)) Daur UF Kuyonon Dahoman Cwana USE Fon USE Tswana

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 43 Name Sequence

Dai Na Danjong-ka USE Tai Niia Assigned collective code [sit] Dajak (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Dayak UF Bhotic of Sikkim Dakhini De-jong ke Assigned collective code [urd] (Urdu) Sikkim Bhotia Dakota [dak] Sikkimese UF Sioux Dano Also collective code for: USE Asaro Assiniboine Dano-Norwegian Lakota USE Norwegian Santee Danuwar Rai Yankton Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Damana (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Darasa American Indian (Other)) USE Gedeo UF Arosario Dargari Guamaca Assigned collective code [aus] Malayo (Australian languages) Maracasero UF Targari Sanja Thargari Wiwa Darghi Dami USE Dargwa USE Ham Dargin Dan USE Dargwa Assigned collective code [nic] Dargwa (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [cau] UF Gio (Caucasian (Other)) Mebe UF Darghi Yabuba Dargin Yacouba Dari Danakil Assigned collective code [per] USE Afar (Persian) Dang UF Kabuli USE Lavongai Khorasani Dangadi Dari (Chad) USE Thangatti USE Day (Chad) Dangaleat Daribi Assigned collective code [afa] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Afroasiatic (Other)) (Other)) Dangme UF Elu USE Adangme Karimui Danish [dan] Makarub Danish, Old (to 1500) Mikaru Assigned collective code [gem] Darling River dialects (Germanic (Other)) Assigned collective code [aus] UF Old Danish (Australian languages) UF Bagandji dialects

page 44 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Dase Delaware [del] USE Tucano UF Lenape Daur Lenni Lenape USE Dagur Also collective code for: Davak Munsee USE Hre Demotic Dawawa USE Egyptian Assigned collective code [map] Dena’ina (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [ath] Day (Chad) (Athapascan (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] UF Tanaina (Afroasiatic (Other)) Denca UF Dari (Chad) USE Dinka Sara Dai Dendi Dayak [day] Assigned collective code [son] UF Bidayuh (Songhai) Bideyu Denya Dajak USE Anyang Dyak Dera Kendayan USE Kanakuru Land Dayak Derasa Also collective code for: USE Gedeo Bakumpai Desana Biatah Assigned collective code [sai] (Sc Ngaju American Indian (Other)) Daza UF Wina Assigned collective code [ssa] Desite (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE West Makian De-jong ke Dhe Lwo USE Danjong-ka USE Lwo (Sudan) Debabaon Dhegiha USE Dibabawon Assigned collective code [sio] (Si Dedua (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Cegiha (Other)) Dhimba Deforo USE Himba USE Kurumba Dho Alur Deg USE Alur USE Mo (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) Dho Luo Dehong Dai USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) USE Tai Niia Dhundhari Dehu USE Jaipuri Assigned collective code [map] Dia (Austronesian (Other)) USE Buol UF Drehu Dibabaon Lifu USE Dibabawon Miny

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 45 Name Sequence

Dibabawon Diula Assigned collective code [mno] USE Dyula (Manobo languages) Divehi [div] UF Debabaon UF Maldivian Dibabaon Djaga Mandaya USE Chaga Dida Djao Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru USE Yao (Other)) Djaru "UF Wawi Assigned collective code [aus] Die (Australian languages) USE Jeh UF Jaroo Diegueno Tjaru Assigned collective code [nai] (North Djedji American Indian (Other)) USE Fon Digaro Djerma Assigned collective code [sit] USE Zarma (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Djinang UF Taraon Assigned collective code [aus] Taying (Australian languages) Dikkukaji UF Jandjinung USE Sadani Yandjinung Dimasa Djingili Assigned collective code [sit] Assigned collective code [aus] (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) (Australian languages) UF Cachari UF Jingali Hill Kachari Tjingili Kachari Djo Dimuga USE Ijo USE Daga Djoeka Dingal USE Djuka Assigned collective code [mwr] Djongor (Marwari) USE Jongor Dingalan Dumagat Djuka USE Dumagat (Umirey) Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles Dinka [din] and Pidgins, English-based UF Denca (Other)) Diola UF Aucaans Assigned collective code [nic] Aukan (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Djoeka UF Dyola Ndjuka Yola Do Dionkor USE Bini USE Jongor Dobel Dioula Assigned collective code [map] USE Dyula (Austronesian (Other)) Ditammari UF Kobroor USE Somba

page 46 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Dobu Drehu Assigned collective code [map] USE Dehu (Austronesian (Other)) Drubea Dochkafuara USE Dumbea USE Tuyuca Drukai Dogon USE Rukai Assigned collective code [nic] Druna (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Ngiti UF Habe Dschagatai Tombo USE Chagatai Dogri [doi] Dschagga Also collective code for: USE Chaga Kangri Duala [dua] Dogrib [dgr] UF Douala UF Thlingchadinne Dulien Dohema USE Lushai USE Eudeve Dumagat (Casiguran) Doko (Congo) Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Philippine (Other)) (Other)) UF Agta (Casiguran) Dolgan Casiguran Agta Assigned collective code [sah] (Yakut) Casiguran Dumagat Dominican French Creole Dumagat (Umirey) Assigned collective code [cpf] (Creoles Assigned collective code [phi] and Pidgins, French-based (Philippine (Other)) (Other)) UF Agta (Umirey) UF French Creole, Dominican Dingalan Dumagat Dongo Umirey Agta USE Kimbundu Umirey Dumagat Dongola-Kenuz Dumbea Assigned collective code [nub] Assigned collective code [map] (Nubian languages) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Kenuz UF Drubea Douala Duna USE Duala Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Dravidian (Other) [dra] (Other)) Collective code for: UF Yuna Brahui Dungan Gadaba (Dravidian) Assigned collective code [sit] Kodagu (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Kolami Duruma Kota (India) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Kui (Other)) Kuvi Dusun Malto Assigned collective code [map] Pengo (Austronesian (Other)) Toda (India) UF Kadazan Tulu

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 47 Name Sequence

Dutch [dut] East Slavic UF Flemish USE Russian, Old (to 1300) Netherlandic East Uvean Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350) [dum] Assigned collective code [map] UF Middle Dutch (Austronesian (Other)) Dutch, Old (to 1050) UF Uvean, East Assigned collective code [gem] Wallisian (Germanic (Other)) Eastern Bontoc UF Franconian, Old Low Assigned collective code [phi] rr Old Dutch (Philippine (Other)) Old Low Franconian UF Bontoc, Eastern Dyak Eastern Ifugao USE Dayak Assigned collective code [phi] Dye (Philippine (Other)) USE Mi Gangam UF Ifugao, Eastern Dyerma Eastern Mnong USE Zarma Assigned collective code [mkh] Dyola (Mon-Khmer (Other)) USE Diola UF Mnong, Eastern Dyula [dyu] Eastern Pomo UF Dioula Assigned collective code [nai] (North Diula American Indian (Other)) Jula UF Pomo, Eastern Dyur Eastern Sakai USE Lwo (Sudan) USE Jah Hut Dzhuhuric Eastern Turki USE Judeo-Tat USE Uighur Dzilio Ebira USE Bari Assigned collective code [nic] Dzo (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Ijo UF Egbira Dzongkha [dzo] Igbira UF Bhotia of Bhutan Eblaite Bhutanese Assigned collective code [sem] Eaewandja (Semitic (Other)) USE Iwaidji UF Paleocanaanite East Circassian Ebon USE Kabardian USE Marshall East Cretan Greek Echeloot Assigned collective code [gre] (Greek, USE Tlakluit Modem (1453-)) Ede UF Cretan Greek, East USE Rade Greek, East Cretan Edo East Makian USE Bini Assigned collective code [map] Efik [efi] (Austronesian (Other)) UF Calabar UF Makian, East Also collective code for: Ibibio

page 48 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Egbira Ema USE Ebira USE Kemak Egun Embena, Northern USE Gun-Gbe USE Catio Egyptian [egy] Embu UF Demotic Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Hieratic (Other)) Hieroglyphics (Egyptian) Emerillon Eipo Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan American Indian (Other)) (Other)) UF Mereo Eiwaja Teco (Tupi) USE Iwaidji Emok Ejagham USE Mascoi Assigned collective code [nic] Enga (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Central Ekoi (Other)) Ekwe UF Tsaga Ezam Engenni Ejo Assigned collective code [nic] USE Ijo (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Ek Nii Enggano USE Nii Assigned collective code [map] Ekagi (Austronesian (Other)) USE Kapauku UF Etaka Ekajuk [eka] English [eng] Ekaw English, Middle (1100-1500) [enm] USE Kaw UF Middle English Ekegusii English, Old (ca. 450-1100) [ang] USE Gusii UF Anglo-Saxon Ekpeye Old English Assigned collective code [nic] West Saxon (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) English-based Creoles and Pidgins (Other) Ekwe USE Creoles and Pidgins, USE Ejagham English-based (Other) Elamite [elx] Enim UF Amardic Assigned collective code [may] Anzanic (Malay) Susian Enochian Ele Assigned collective code [art] USE Lele (Artificial (Other)) Eleuth Epena Saija USE Aleut Assigned collective code [sai] (South Ellicean American Indian (Other)) USE Tuvaluan UF Saija Elu Saixa USE Daribi Epera, Northern USE Catio

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 49 Name Sequence

Era River Etsako USE Gope Assigned collective code [nic] Eromanga (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Afenmai (Austronesian (Other)) Iyekhee UF Sie Kukuruku Sye Yekhee Erronan Euahlayi USE Futuna-Aniwa USE Yualyai Erzya ** Eudeve Assigned collective code [fill] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Ese Ejja UF Batuco Assigned collective code [sai] (South Dohema American Indian (Other)) Hegue UF Chama (Tacanan) Eurika Guacanahua USE Purari Guarayo (Tacanan) Euskara Huarayo (Tacanan) USE Basque Tiatinagua Even Eskimo, Asiatic Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic USE Yuit (Other)) Eskimo, South Alaska UF Lamut USE Pacific Gulf Yupik Evenki Eskimo, West Alaska Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic USE Central Yupik (Other)) Eskimo languages, Western UF 0-wen-k‘o USE Yupik languages Tungus Esopus Evora USE Munsee USE Purari Esperanto [epo] Ewage Estonian [est] USE Notu Also collective code for: Ewe |[ewe] Setu UF Gbe Esuulaalu Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [nic] Aja (Benin and Togo) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Gen-Gbe Etaka Gun-Gbe USE Enggano Tofingbe Etchemin Ewondo [ewo] USE Passamaquoddy UF Beti Ethiopic [gez] Jaunde UF Geez Yaounde Etruscan Yaunde Assigned collective code [mis] Eyak (Miscellaneous languages) Assigned collective code [nai] (North American Indian (Other)) UF Ugalachmut

page 50 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Eyo Fijian [fij] USE Yoruba UF Viti Ezam Fila USE Ejagham USE Mele-Fila Fa (Bamileke) Filipino (Tagalog) USE Fe’fe’ USE Tagalog Fadicca Finng USE Mahas-F iyadikka USE Bobo Fing Faiwol Finnish [fin] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Finno-Ugrian (Other) [flu] (Other)) Collective code for: UF Fegolmin Erzya Falor Ingrian Assigned collective code [nic] Karelian (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Khanty UF Palor Livonian Falven Ludic USE Kipchak Mansi Fan (Bantu) Moksha USE Fang Mordvin Fanakalo Udmurt Assigned collective code [crp] (Creoles Veps and Pidgins (Other)) Finontok UF Pidgin Kaffir USE Bontoc Fang [fan] Fiote UF Fan (Bantu) USE Kongo Fanti [fat] Fitzroy Valley Kriol Faroese [fao] Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles Farsi and Pidgins, English-based USE Persian (Other)) Fasu Fiu Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Kwara’ae (Other)) Fiyadikka Fe’fe’ USE Mahas-Fiyadikka Assigned collective code [bai] Flemish (Bamileke languages) USE Dutch UF Bafang Fon [fon] Fa (Bamileke) UF Dahoman Kuu Djedji Nufi Jeji Fegolmin Fore USE Faiwol Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Fer (Other)) USE Kara (Central African Republic Foulse and Sudan) USE Kurumba Fiadidja Fox USE Mahas-Fiyadikka Assigned collective code [alg] (Algonquian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 51 Name Sequence

Frafra Frisian [fry] USE Nankanse UF Friesian Franco-Italian Frisian, Old (to 1500) USE Franco-Venetian Assigned collective code [gem] F ranco-V enetian (Germanic (Other)) Assigned collective code [roa] UF Old Frisian (Romance (Other)) Friulian [fur] UF Franco-Italian Fula [ful] Franconian, Old Low UF Adamawa USE Dutch, Old (to 1050) Fulah French [fre] Fulani Also collective code for: Fulbe Aliev ard French Fulfulde Morvan French Peul Poitevin French Poul Saintongeais French Also collective code for: French, Allevard Bororo (West Africa) USE Allevard French Pular French, Cajun Fulah USE Cajun French USE Fula French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600) [frm] Fulani UF Middle French USE Fula French, Morvan Fulbe USE Morvan French USE Fula French, Old (ca. 842-1400) [fro] Fulfulde UF Old French USE Fula French, Poitevin Fuliru USE Poitevin French Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu French, Saintongeais (Other)) USE Saintongeais French Fulnio French-based Creoles and Pidgins (Other) Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Creoles and Pidgins, American Indian (Other)) French-based (Other) UF Camijo French Creole, Dominican late USE Dominican French Creole Yahthe French Creole, Haitian Yate (Brazil) USE Haitian French Creole Fulse French Creole, Louisiana USE Kurumba USE Louisiana French Creole Fur French Creole, Mauritian Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Mauritian French Creole (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) French Creole, Reunion Futuna- Aniwa USE Reunion French Creole Assigned collective code [map] Friesian (Austronesian (Other)) USE Frisian UF Erronan Frigano Jate West Futuna USE Yagaria

page 52 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Ga [gaa] Gallegan UF Acra USE Galician Incran Gallic Gadaba (Dravidian) USE Gaulish Assigned collective code [dra] Gallinya (Dravidian (Other)) USE Oromo UF Gadba (Dravidian) Gallong Gudwa (Dravidian) Assigned collective code [sit] Gutob (Dravidian) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Konekor Gadaba Gambai Ollari Assigned collective code [ssa] Salur (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Gadba (Dravidian) UF Kabba Laka USE Gadaba (Dravidian) Ngambai Gaddang Sara Gambai Assigned collective code [phi] Gamo (Philippine (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] Gadio (Afroasiatic (Other)) USE Bisorio UF Gemu Gadsup Ganda [lug] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Luganda (Other)) Gandja Gaelic (Irish) USE Narak USE Irish Gang Gaelic (Scots) USE Acoli USE Scottish Gaelic Gangam Gagauz USE Mi Gangam Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Ganguela (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Gahom (Other)) USE Bahinemo UF Ngangela Gahuku Gapapaiwa Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [map] (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Galawa UF Manape USE Alawa Garawa Galela Assigned collective code [aus] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Australian languages) (Other)) UF Karawa (Australia) Galgadung Korrawa USE Kalkatungu Kurrawar Galibi Leearrawa USE Carib Garhwali Galician [gig] Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie UF Gallegan (Other)) Galla Garifuna USE Oromo USE Black Carib

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 53 Name Sequence

Garo Gen-Gbe Assigned collective code [sit] Assigned collective code [ewe] (Ewe) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) UF Ge Gascon (post-1500) Mina (Benin and Togo) Assigned collective code [oci] (Occitan Gentoo (post-1500)) USE Telugu Gaulish Georgian [geo] Assigned collective code [cel] (Celtic Also collective code for: (Other)) Ingilo UF Gallic Gere Gaya Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) (Other)) Gayo [gay] UF Guere Gbagyi Ngere Assigned collective code [nic] Wee (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) German [ger] Gbandi Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [nic] Alsatian German (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) German, Low UF Bandi USE Low German Gbaya [gba] German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500) [gmh] UF Baya UF Middle High German Ngbaka Gbaya German, Old High (ca. 750-1050) [goh] Gbe UF Old High German USE Ewe Germanic (Other) [gem] Gdebo Collective code for: USE Grebo Danish, Old (to 1500) Ge Dutch, Old (to 1050) USE Gen-Gbe Frisian, Old (to 1500) Gedaged Lombard Assigned collective code [map] Low German (Austronesian (Other)) Old Saxon UF Graged Pennsylvania German Gedebo Swedish, Old (to 1550) USE Grebo Walser Gedeo Ghee-chi Assigned collective code [cus] USE Kekchi (Cushitic (Other)) Giay UF Darasa USE Yay Derasa Gidabal Geechee Assigned collective code [aus] USE Sea Islands Creole (Australian languages) Geez UF Kitabul USE Ethiopic Gien Gelaki USE Tchien USE Gilaki Gikuyu Gemu USE Kikuyu USE Gamo

page 54 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Gilaki Gojari Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian USE Gujuri (Other)) Goldi UF Gelaki USE Nanai Gilbertese [gil] Golin UF Arorai Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan I-Kiribati (Other)) Kiribatese Gomadj Gilyak USE Gumatj Assigned collective code [mis] Gondi [gon] (Miscellaneous languages) Also collective code for: UF Guiliak Abujhmaria Nivkh Gonja Gimi Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Other)) UF Guang Gio Gope USE Dan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Gipsy (Other)) USE Romany UF Era River Giryama Kope Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Gorkhali (Other)) USE Nepali Gisu Gorontalo [gor] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Gothic [got] (Other)) Gourague UF Lugisu USE Gurage Lumasaaba Gourmantche Masaba USE Gurma Gitonga Gouro USE Tonga (Inhambane) USE Kweni Giur Graged USE Lwo (Sudan) USE Gedaged Glosa (Artificial language) Grebo [grb] Assigned collective code [art] UF Gdebo (Artificial (Other)) Gedebo Goajiro Krebo Assigned collective code [sai] (South Greek, Ancient (to 1453) [grc] American Indian (Other)) UF Ancient Greek UF Guajira Biblical Greek Goba Byzantine Greek USE Mbukushu Classical Greek Greek, Biblical Godye Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru Greek, Byzantine (Other)) Greek, Classical Greek, Hellenistic Gogodala Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Greek, Medieval Greek, Patristic (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 55 Name Sequence

Greek, Ancient (to 1453) (Cont.) Guahibo Greek (Koine) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Hellenistic Greek American Indian (Other)) Koine (Greek) UF Wa-jibi Medieval Greek Guaiaqui Patristic Greek USE Guayaki Also collective code for: Guajajara Attic Greek USE Tenetehara Greek, Attic Guajira USE Attic Greek USE Goajiro Greek, Biblical Guamaca USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) USE Damana Greek, Byzantine Guambiano USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) USE Moguex Greek, Classical Guanano USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Greek, East Cretan American Indian (Other)) USE East Cretan Greek UF Anano Greek, Hellenistic Kotiria USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Uanana Greek, Medieval Wanana USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Guang Greek, Modern (1453-) [gre] USE Gonja Also collective code for: Guarani [grn] East Cretan Greek Also collective code for: Greek, Patristic Chiripa USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Guarauno Greek (Koine) USE Warao USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Guarayo Greek Tatar Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic American Indian (Other)) (Other)) Guarayo (Tacanan) UF Urum USE Ese Ejja Green Miao Guarequena USE Hmong Njua USE Arekena Green River Guastec USE Abau USE Huastec Greenlandic Guatuso USE Kalatdlisut Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Grishun American Indian (Other)) USE Romansh UF Maleku Jaika Groote Eylandt Guayabero USE Andilyaugwa Assigned collective code [sai] (South Grosventres (Hidatsa) American Indian (Other)) USE Hidatsa UF Jiw Guacanahua USE Ese Ejja

page 56 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Guayaki Gulmance Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Gurma American Indian (Other)) Gumasi UF Ache Assigned collective code [map] Guaiaqui (Austronesian (Other)) Guayaki-Ache Gumatj Guoyagui Assigned collective code [aus] Guayaki-Ache (Australian languages) USE Guayaki UF Gomadj Guaymi Kainyao Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Komaits American Indian (Other)) Kumait Gubbi-Gubbi Gun-Gbe Assigned collective code [aus] Assigned collective code [ewe] (Australian languages) (Ewe) Gude UF Alada Assigned collective code [afa] Egun (Afroasiatic (Other)) Gunantuna Gudwa (Dravidian) USE Tolai USE Gadaba (Dravidian) Gungabula Guere Assigned collective code [aus] USE Gere (Australian languages) Guerze UF Kongabula USE Kpelle Guoyagui Gugada USE Guayaki Assigned collective code [aus] Gupapuyngu (Australian languages) Assigned collective code [aus] UF Kukota (Australian languages) Gugu Yalanji Gurage USE Kuku-Yalanji Assigned collective code [sem] Guhu-Samane (Semitic (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Gourague (Other)) Gurenne UF Mid-Waria USE Nankanse Guichola Guresha USE Huichol USE Buli Guiliak Gurma USE Gilyak Assigned collective code [nic] Gujarati [guj] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Gujuri UF Gourmantche Assigned collective code [raj] Gulmance (Rajasthani) Gurung UF Gojari Assigned collective code [sit] Gula (Lake Iro, Chad) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Kulaal Gullah USE Sea Islands Creole

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 57 Name Sequence

Gusii Haitian French Creole Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [cpf] (Creoles (Other)) and Pidgins, French-based UF Ekegusii (Other)) Kisii UF French Creole, Haitian Gutob (Dravidian) Haka Chin USE Gadaba (Dravidian) Assigned collective code [sit] Guyuk (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] UF Baungshe - (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Chin, Haka Gwa (Ghana) Lai Assigned collective code [nic] Haketia (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [lad] (Ladino) UF Anum Halbi Chiripon-Lete-Anum Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Gwamba (Other)) USE Tsonga UF Bastari Gwazum Halia USE Ngizim Assigned collective code [map] Gwe (Austronesian (Other)) USE Sukuma Halkomelem Gwedena USE Stalo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Halopa (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Umanakaina (Other)) Gwich’in [gwi] UF Botelkude UF Kutchin Nobonob Loucheux Nupanob Takudh Ham Tukudh Assigned collective code [map] Gxon (Austronesian (Other)) USE !Xo UF Dami Gypsy Hamtiknon USE Romany USE Kinaray-a Habe Hanga (Ghana) USE Dogon Assigned collective code [nic] Haeltzuk (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Heiltsuk UF Anga (Ghana) Hagen Harakmbet USE Medlpa USE Mashco Haida [hai] Harari UF Skittagetan Assigned collective code [sem] Haisla (Semitic (Other)) Assigned collective code [wak] UF Adari (Wakashan languages) Ararge

page 58 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Harauti Hellenistic Greek Assigned collective code [raj] USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) (Rajasthani) Herero [her] Hare Also collective code for: USE Kawchottine Himba Hariani Hiao USE Bangaru USE Yao Haroi Hidatsa Assigned collective code [cmc] Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan (Chamic languages) (Other)) Hatigorria UF Grosventres (Hidatsa) USE Ao Hieratic Hattie USE Egyptian Assigned collective code [mis] Hieroglyphics (Egyptian) (Miscellaneous languages) USE Egyptian Hausa [hau] Higaonon Havunese Assigned collective code [mno] USE Sawu (Manobo languages) Havyaka High Sorbian Assigned collective code [kan] USE Upper Sorbian (Kannada) Highland Popoluca Hawaiian [haw] USE Sierra Popoluca Hawaiian Pidgin English Higi Assigned collective code [epe] (Creoles USE Kamwe and Pidgins, English-based Hiligaynon [hil] (Other)) UF Ilongo Hawu Panayan USE Sawu Hill Kachari Haya USE Dimasa Assigned collective code [bnt] Himachali [him] (Bantu (Other)) UF Pahari, Western UF Lusiba Western Pahari Ruhaya Himba Ziba Assigned collective code [her] (Herero) Hebrew [heb] UF Chimba UF Ancient Hebrew Cimba Hebrew Tat Dhimba USE Judeo-Tat Simba Hegue Tjimba USE Eudeve Hinaraya Hehe USE Kinaray-a Assigned collective code [bnt] Hindi [hin] (Bantu (Other)) Also collective code for: Heiltsuk Khari Boli Assigned collective code [wak] Marari (Wakashan languages) Hindko UF Haeltzuk Assigned collective code [lah] (Lahnda)

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 59 Name Sequence

Hindustani Hre Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Assigned collective code [mkh] (Other)) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Hindustani, Surinam UF Davak USE Surinam Hindustani Hruso Hiri Motu [hmo] USE Apatani UF Police Motu Hsi-hsia Hittite [hit] USE Tangut Hixkaryana !Hu Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE !Xu American Indian (Other)) Hua-owani Hkun USE !Xo USE Khun Hualapai Hmong [hmn] Assigned collective code [nai] (North UF Humung American Indian (Other)) Meo UF Jaguallapai Miao Mataveke-paya Mong Walapai Also collective code for: Huambisa Hmong Njua Assigned collective code [sai] (South White Hmong American Indian (Other)) Hmong, White UF Ssimaku USE White Hmong Wambisa Hmong Daw Huanca USE White Hmong Assigned collective code [que] Hmong Leng (Quechua) USE Hmong Njua UF Wank a Hmong Njua Huao Assigned collective code [hmn] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Hmong) American Indian (Other)) UF Black Flowery Miao UF Waorani Blue Miao Huarayo (Tacanan) Green Miao USE Ese Ejja Hmong Leng Huastec Tak Meo Assigned collective code [myn] Ho (Mayan languages) Assigned collective code [mun] UF Guastec (Munda (Other)) Wastek Hopi Huave Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [cai] (Central American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Moki Huichol Hottentot Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Khoikhoi American Indian (Other)) Houailou UF Guichola USE Ajie Huitoto Hova USE Witoto USE Malagasy

page 60 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Huitoto, Murui late USE Murui USE Fulnio Huli Iatmul Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Other)) (Other)) Hulu UF Big Sepik USE Banjar Hulu Ibaloi Huma (Sudan) Assigned collective code [phi] USE Toposa (Philippine (Other)) Humung UF Benguet Igorot USE Hmong Nabaloi Hunde Iban [iba] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Sea Dyak (Other)) Ibanag Hungarian [hun] Assigned collective code [phi] UF Magyar (Philippine (Other)) Hupa [hup] Ibani Hupde Maku Assigned collective code [ijo] (Ijo) USE Jupda UF Bonny Huron Ubani USE Wyandot Ibatan Hurrian USE Batan Assigned collective code [mis] Iberian (Miscellaneous languages) Assigned collective code [mis] UF Mitani (Miscellaneous languages) Subarian Ibibio Huzvaresh Assigned collective code [eft] (Efik) USE Pahlavi Ibo Hypurina USE Igbo USE Ipurina lea I-Kiribati Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Gilbertese American Indian (Other)) Iai (Loyalty Islands) UF Arhuaco Assigned collective code [map] Aruaco (Austronesian (Other)) Bintukua Iai (Papua New Guinea) Ika (Chibchan) USE Purari Ike Iaka Icelandic [ice] USE Yaka (Congo and Angola) Icelandic, Old (to 1550) Iamalele USE Old Norse Assigned collective code [map] Idja (Austronesian (Other)) USE Sigi UF Yamalele Ido Iapygian Assigned collective code [art] USE Messapian (Artificial (Other)) Iare Ido (African) USE Purari USE Ijo

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 61 Name Sequence

Idoma Ikeleve Assigned collective code [nic] USE Kituba (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Ikinyi-Kiusa UF Oturkpo USE Ngonde Iduna Ikposo Assigned collective code [map] USE Kposo (Austronesian (Other)) Ikuhane Ifugao USE Subiya Assigned collective code [phi] Ikwere (Philippine (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Ifugao, Amganad (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Amganad Ifugao UF Oratta-Ikwerri Ifugao, Ayangan Ila USE Ayangan Ifugao Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Ifugao, Batad (Other)) USE Batad Ifugao Ilali Ifugao, Eastern USE Teke USE Eastern Ifugao Ilianen Manobo Ifugao, Mayoyao Assigned collective code [mno] USE Mayoyao Ifugao (Manobo languages) Igbira Iliaura USE Ebira USE Alyawarra Igbo [ibo] Illinois UF Ibo Assigned collective code [alg] Igede (Algonquian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Ilocano (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Iloko Ignaciano Iloko [ilo] USE Mojo UF Ilocano Ijo [ijo] Ilongo UF Djo USE Hiligaynon Dzo Ilongot Ejo Assigned collective code [phi] Ido (African) (Philippine (Other)) Iyo Inabaknon Izo USE Abaknon Izon Inafosa Ojo USE Tauya Oru Inca Udzo USE Quechua Uzo Incran Also collective code for: USE Ga Ibani Indie, Old Nembe USE Vedic Ika (Chibchan) USE lea Ike USE lea

PaSe 62 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Indie (Other) [inc] Ingilo Collective code for: Assigned collective code [geo] Ahirani (Georgian) Apabhramsa Ingrian Avahattha Assigned collective code [fiu] Bagheli (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) Bangaru UF Izhorskii Bashgali Ingura Bhili USE Andilyaugwa Bundeli Ingush Chakma Assigned collective code [cau] Chattisgarhi (Caucasian (Other)) Danuwar Rai Iniai Garhwali USE Bisorio Halbi Inmeas Hindustani USE Isinay Khowar Inoke Kumauni Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Lambadi (Other)) Parya UF Yate (Papua New Guinea) Shina INTAL (Artificial language) Surinam Hindustani USE International auxiliari Veddah (Sinhalese) linguo (Artificial language) Wotapuri-Katarqalai Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Indo-European (Other) [ine] Association) [ina] Collective code for: Interlingue [ile] Luxvian International auxiliari linguo (Artificial Messapian language) Tokharian Assigned collective code [art] Venetic (Artificial (Other)) Indo-Portuguese UF INTAL (Artificial language) Assigned collective code [epp] (Creoles Inuit and Pidgins, Portuguese-based USE Inuktitut (Other)) Inupiaq UF Ceylon Portuguese Kalatdlisut Indonesian [ind] Inuktitut [iku] UF Bahasa Indonesia UF Inuit Indus script Inupiaq [ipk] Assigned collective code [mis] UF Inuit (Miscellaneous languages) Ipurina Inga Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Ingano American Indian (Other)) Ingano UF Apurina Assigned collective code [que] Hypurina (Quechua) Jupurina UF Inga Kangiitii Ingibandi Kankiti USE Jindjibandji

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 63 Name Sequence

Iquito Isinay Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [phi] American Indian (Other)) (Philippine (Other)) Irahutu UF Inmeas Assigned collective code [map] Isirawa (Austronesian (Other)) USE Saberi Iranian (Other) [ira] isiXhosa Collective code for: USE Xhosa Bartang Isneg Gilaki Assigned collective code [phi] Judeo-Tat (Philippine (Other)) Khorezmi UF Apayao Parthian Italian [ita] Shughni Also collective code for: Talysh Judeo-Italian Tat Milanese Wakhi Modena Italian Yazghulami Neapolitan Italian Iraqw Romagnol Assigned collective code [cus] Sicilian Italian (Cushitic (Other)) Venetian Italian Iraya Italian, Modena USE Mangyan USE Modena Italian Irish [gle] Italian, Neapolitan UF Gaelic (Irish) USE Neapolitan Italian Irish, Middle (ca. 1100-1550) [mga] Italian, Old (to 1300) UF Middle Irish Assigned collective code [roa] Irish, Old (to 1100) [sga] (Romance (Other)) UF Old Irish UF Old Italian Iroquoian (Other) [iro] Italian, Sicilian Collective code for: USE Sicilian Italian Cayuga Italian, Venetian Iroquois USE Venetian Italian Oneida Itawis Onondaga Assigned collective code [phi] Seneca (Philippine (Other)) Tuscarora Itbayat Wyandot Assigned collective code [phi] Iroquois (Philippine (Other)) Assigned collective code [iro] Itelmes (Iroquoian (Other)) USE Kamchadal Irumu Iteso Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Teso (Other)) Itio Isamurang USE Teke USE Batan Isekiri USE Itsekiri page 64 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Itonama Jacalteca Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [myn] American Indian (Other)) (Mayan languages) UF Machoto UF Jakalteka Itsekiri Jafijufa Assigned collective code [nic] USE Yabiyufa (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Jagane UF Isekiri USE Yahgan Itucale Jagataic USE Urarina USE Chagatai Ivatan Jagga USE Batan USE Chaga Iwaidji Jaguallapai Assigned collective code [aus] USE Hualapai (Australian languages) Jah Hut UF Eaewandja Assigned collective code [mkh] Eiwaja (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Jiwadja UF Eastern Sakai Limbakaraja Sakai, Eastern Unalla Jaipuri Uwadja Assigned collective code [raj] Yiwadja (Rajasthani) Iwal UF Dhundhari USE Kaiwa (Papua New Guinea) Jakalteka Iwam USE Jacalteca Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Jakut (Other)) USE Yakut Ixcateco Jaloof Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Wolof American Indian (Other)) Jama Mapun Ixil Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [myn] (Philippine (Other)) (Mayan languages) UF Cagayanon Iyekhee Mapun USE Etsako Pullon Mapun Iyo Sama Mapun USE Ijo Jamaican Creole Izhorskii Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles USE Ingrian and Pidgins, English-based Izi (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Jamdena (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Yamdena Izo Jaminaua USE Ijo Assigned collective code [sai] (South Izon American Indian (Other)) USE Ijo UF Nishinahua Jabem Yaminahua USE Yabim

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 65 Name Sequence

Jandjinung Jivaro, Achuara USE Djinang USE Achuar Janjero Jivaro, Shuar USE Yemsa USE Shuar Japanese [jpn] Jiw Use for related Japanese languages and USE Guayabero dialects Jiwadja Jarai USE Iwaidji Assigned collective code [cmc] Jo Luo (Chamic languages) USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Jaroo Jo Lwo USE Djaru USE Lwo (Sudan) Jatu Jok USE Bangaru USE Chokwe Jaunde Joloano USE Ewondo USE Sulu Javanese [jav] Jolof Javanese, Old USE Wolof USE Kawi Jongor Jeh Assigned collective code [afa] Assigned collective code [mkh] (Afroasiatic (Other)) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) UF Dionkor UF Die Djongor Yeh Ju (Benue-Congo) Jeji USE Kaje USE Fon Jualjai Jibaro, Shuar USE Yualyai USE Shuar Judeo-Arabic Ljrb] Jicaque Judeo-German Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Yiddish American Indian (Other)) Judeo-Italian UF Tol Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) Torrupan Judeo-Persian [jpr] Xicaque Also collective code for: Jikai Judeo-Tajik USE Burarra Judeo-Spanish Jindjibandji USE Ladino Assigned collective code [aus] Judeo-Tajik (Australian languages) Assigned collective code [jpr] UF Ingibandi (Judeo-Persian) Yindjibamdi Judeo-Tat Jingali Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian USE Djingili (Other)) Jinghpaw UF Bik USE Kachin Dzhuhuric Jino Hebrew Tat USE Chino Judesmo USE Ladino page 66 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Jukaghir Kabye USE Yukaghir USE Kabre Jukun Kabyle [kab] Assigned collective code [nic] Kacchiquel (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Cakchikel UF Kurorofa Kachari Jula USE Dimasa USE Dyula Kachari, Plains Juna USE Bodo USE Pamoa Kachchhi Jupda Assigned collective code [snd] (Sindhi) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Kachin [kac] American Indian (Other)) UF Chingpaw UF Hupde Maku Jinghpaw Macu de tucano Singpho Jupurina Also collective code for: USE Ipurina A-ch ‘ang Jur Rawang USE Lwo (Sudan) Kadaklan Barlig Bontoc Jurak USE Southern Bontoc USE Nenets Kadazan Kabardian USE Dusun Assigned collective code [cau] Kadumodi (Caucasian (Other)) USE Krongo UF Cabardan Kae Circassian, East Assigned collective code [swa] Circassian, Upper (Swahili) East Circassian Kafe Qabardian USE Kamano Upper Circassian Kafir Kabba Laka USE Xhosa USE Gambai Kagaba Kabiye Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Kabre American Indian (Other)) Kabre UF Cagaba Assigned collective code [nic] Kagate (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [tib] UF Cabrai (Tibetan) Kabiye Kagayanen Kabure Assigned collective code [mno] Kabye (Manobo languages) Kabui UF Cagayano Cillo Assigned collective code [sit] Kaili (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] Kabuli (Austronesian (Other)) USE Dari UF Ledo’ Kabure Palu USE Kabre

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 67 Name Sequence

Kaimare Kalatdlisut [kal] USE Purari UF Greenlandic Kaingang Inuit Assigned collective code [sai] (South Kalebwe (Luba-Lulua) American Indian (Other)) USE Luba-Lulua UF Caingang Kalenjin Taven Assigned collective code [ssa] Kaingua (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Caingua Kalinga, Lower Tanudan Kainyao USE Lower Tanudan Kalinga USE Gumatj Kalinga languages Kaiwa (Brazil) Assigned collective code [phi] USE Caingua (Philippine (Other)) Kaiwa (Papua New Guinea) Kalispel Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [sal] (Austronesian (Other)) (Salishan languages) UF Iwal UF Pend d’Oreille Kaje Kalkatungu Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [aus] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Australian languages) UF Ju (Benue-Congo) UF Galgadung Kaka (Northwest Bantu) Kallawaya USE Kako USE Callahuaya Kakat Kalmyk USE Baining Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Kako (Other)) Assigned collective code [but] UF Calmuck (Bantu (Other)) Kaluli UF Kaka (Northwest Bantu) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Yaka (Cameroon and Central (Other)) African Republic) Kam Kalabra USE T‘ung Assigned collective code [paa] Kamano (Papuan (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Kalagan, Tagakaolo (Other)) USE Tagakaolo UF Kafe Kalam Kamasau Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Other)) (Other)) UF Karam Kamba [kam] Kalamian Kambera Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [map] (Philippine (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Calamian Kamchadal Kalanga (Botswana and Zimbabwe) Assigned collective code [mis] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Miscellaneous languages) (Bantu (Other)) UF Itelmes

page 68 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Kamentza Kanjaga USE Camsa USE Buli Kamhau Kanjobal USE Tiddim Chin Assigned collective code [myn] Kamhmu (Mayan languages) USE Khmu’ UF Conob Kami (Papua New Guinea) Kanjobal, Western USE Yagaria USE Akatek Kammyang Kankanay USE Northern Thai Assigned collective code [phi] Kamsa (Philippine (Other)) USE Camsa UF Cancanai Kamtuk Lepanto-Igorot Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Kankanay, Northern (Other)) USE Northern Kankanay UF Kemtuik Kankiti Kamwe USE Ipurina Assigned collective code [afa] Kannada [kan] (Afroasiatic (Other)) UF Canarese UF Higi Kanarese Kanakuru Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [afa] Havyaka (Afroasiatic (Other)) Kanuri [kau] UF Dera UF Bomu Kanala Kanyak USE Anesu USE Konyak Kanamari (Tucanoan) Kaonde USE Canamari (Tucanoan) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Kanarese (Other)) USE Kannada UF Luba-Kaonde Kanasi Kapampangan USE Sona (Papua New Guinea) USE Pampanga Kandawo Kapauku USE Narak Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Kandh (Other)) USE Kui UF Ekagi Kandoshi Kapikapi USE Candoshi USE Mukawa Kanela Kapul USE Canella USE Abaknon Kangri Kara (Central African Republic and Sudan) Assigned collective code [doi] (Dogri) Assigned collective code [ssa] Kangutii (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Ipurina UF Fer Kanite Yama Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Yamegi (Other)) UF Kemiju Jate

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 61 Name Sequence

Kara (Papua New Guinea) Karelian Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [flu] (Austronesian (Other)) (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) Kara-Kalpak [kaa] UF Carelian UF Karakalpak Karen [kar] Qaraqalpaq Also collective code for: Kara-Kirghiz Pwo Karen USE Kyrgyz Sgaw Karen Karachay-Balkar Karimui Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic USE Daribi (Other)) Kariri UF Balkar Assigned collective code [sai] (South Karaim American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic UF Cariri (Other)) Kiriri Karaja Karitiana USE Caraja Assigned collective code [sai] (South Karakalpak American Indian (Other)) USE Kara-Kalpak UF Caritiana Karam Karo-Batak USE Kalam Assigned collective code [btk] (Batak) Karamojong Karo-Rawa Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Rawa (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Karok UF Akarimojong Assigned collective code [nai] (North Karan American Indian (Other)) USE Angas Kasem Karang (Cameroon) Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [nic] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Kasena Karang (Nigeria) Kasena USE Angas USE Kasem Karapana (Tucanoan) Kashgar-Y arkend USE Carapana (Tucanoan) USE Uighur Karawa (Australia) Kashinawa USE Garawa USE Cashinawa Karay-a Kashmiri [kas] USE Kinaray-a Kashubian Karbi Assigned collective code [sla] (Slavic USE Mikir (Other)) Kare UF Cashubian Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Kaska (Other)) Assigned collective code [ath] UF Akare (Athapascan (Other)) Bakare Kassonke Kare (Sudan) Assigned collective code [nic] USE Toposa (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Khassonke

page 70 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Katanga Kawchottine USE Luba-Katanga Assigned collective code [ath] Katarqalai (Athapascan (Other)) USE Wotapuri-Katarqalai UF Hare Katchokue Peaux-de-Lievre USE Chokwe Kawesqar Kate USE Alacaluf Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Kawi [kaw] (Other)) UF Javanese, Old Kati Old Javanese USE Bashgali Kawia (Shoshone) Katingan USE Cahuilla Assigned collective code [map] Kayapo (Austronesian (Other)) USE Cayapo Katio Kayowe USE Catio USE Kiowa Kattang Kayu Agung Assigned collective code [aus] Assigned collective code [may] (Australian languages) (Malay) UF Kutthung Kazakh [kaz] Katu UF Kirghiz-Kaissak Assigned collective code [mkh] Kebadi (Mon-Khmer (Other)) USE Zaghawa UF Attouat Kechua Khat USE Quechua Ta River Van Kieu Kehelala Teu USE Tavara (Papua New Guinea) Thap Kekchi Kaulong Assigned collective code [myn] Assigned collective code [map] (Mayan languages) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Cacchi Kaura (Papua New Guinea) Ghec-chi USE Purari Quekchi Kaus Kemak USE Coos Assigned collective code [map] Kavirondo, Nilotic (Austronesian (Other)) USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) UF Ema Kaw Kemiju Jate Assigned collective code [sit] USE Kanite (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Kemtuik UF Akha USE Kamtuk Ekaw Kendari Kawaiisu USE Tolaki Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Kendayan American Indian (Other)) USE Dayak Kenga Assigned collective code [ssa] (Nilo-Saharan (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 71 Name Sequence

Kensiu Khari Boli USE Semang Assigned collective code [hin] (Hindi) Kenuz Kharia USE Dongola-Kenuz Assigned collective code [mun] Keres (Munda (Other)) Assigned collective code [nai] (North Khas American Indian (Other)) USE Nepali Kerinci Khasi [kha] Assigned collective code [map] Khassonke <• (Austronesian (Other)) USE Kassonke UF Kinchai Khat Korintje USE Katu Ket Khmer [khm] Assigned collective code [mis] UF Cambodian (Miscellaneous languages) Also collective code for: UF Yenisei-Ostiak Surin Khmer Kete Khmer, Surin Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Surin Khmer (Other)) Khmu’ Ketengban Assigned collective code [mkh] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Mon-Khmer (Other)) (Other)) UF Kamhmu UF Oktengban Phouteng Kewa Khoikhoi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [khi] (Other)) (Khoisan (Other)) Khajuna UF Hottentot USE Burushaski Khoisan (Other) [khi] Khakass Collective code for: Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Khoikhoi (Other)) Nama Khalaj Nharo Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic San languages (Other)) 1X5 Khaldian !Xu USE Urartian Khorasani Khaling USE Dari Assigned collective code [sit] Khorezmi (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian Khalkha (Other)) Assigned collective code [mon] UF Choresmian (Mongolian) Khwarezmian Khanty Khorezmian Turkic Assigned collective code [flu] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) (Other)) UF Ostiak UF Khwarezmian Turkic Xanty Khotan-Saka USE Khotanese

page 72 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Khotanese [kho] Kimbunda UF Khotan-Saka USE Umbundu Middle Khotanese Kimbundu [kmb] North Aryan UF Angola Old Khotanese Bunda Saka Dongo Khowar Mbundu Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Nbundu (Other)) Kimeru Khumi (Sudan) USE Meru USE Toposa Kinaray-a Khiin Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai (Philippine (Other)) (Other)) UF Antiqueno UF Hkun Binukidnon Tai Khun Hamtiknon Khwarezmian Hinaraya USE Khorezmi Karay-a Khwarezmian Turkic Kinchai USE Khorezmian Turkic USE Kerinci Kiakh Kingwana USE Adygei Assigned collective code [swa] KiBembe (Swahili) USE Bembe (Congo (Brazzaville)) Kintaandu Kibo USE Ntaandu USE Birom Kinyarwanda [kin] Kibyen UF Nyaruanda USE Birom Ruanda Kiche Runyarwanda USE Quiche Rwanda Kickapoo Kioko Assigned collective code [alg] USE Chokwe (Algonquian (Other)) Kiombe Kien USE Yombe USE Tchien Kiowa Kikongo Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Kongo American Indian (Other)) Kikuyu [kik] UF Kayowe UF Gikuyu Kiowa Apache Kilari Assigned collective code [ath] USE Laadi (Athapascan (Other)) Kilivila Kipaia USE Kiriwinian USE Purari Kiliwa Assigned collective code [nai] (North American Indian (Other)) UF Yukaliwa

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 73 Name Sequence

Kipchak Kitonaqa Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic USE Kutenai (Other)) Kitswa UF Coman USE Tswa Cuman Kituba Falven Assigned collective code [kon] (Kongo) Kuman UF Ikeleve Polovtsi Monokutuba Walwen Munukutuba Kipende- Kiusa USE Pende USE Ngonde Kipsikis Kjax Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Adygei (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Knistenaux Kira USE Cree USE Vagala Ko Kirata Rai USE Yako USE Bantawa !Ko (Botswana and Namibia) Kirdiwat USE !Xo USE Ngizim Koaiker Kirghiz USE Cuaiquer USE Kyrgyz Kobon Kirghiz-Kaissak Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Kazakh (Other)) Kiribatese Kobroor USE Gilbertese USE Dobel Kiriri Kodagu USE Kariri Assigned collective code [dra] Kiriwinian (Dravidian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Coorg (Austronesian (Other)) Kodava UF Kilivila Kurg Trobriand Kodava Kirku USE Kodagu USE Kurku Koetenay Kirundi USE Kutenai USE Rundi Kofan Kisantu USE Cofan USE Ntaandu Kohl Kisii USE Mundari USE Gusii Koho Kissandaui Assigned collective code [mkh] USE Sandawe (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Kitabul Koiali, Mountain USE Gidabal USE Mountain Koiari KiTembo Koine (Greek) USE Tembo (Sud-Kivu, Congo) USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453)

page 74 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Kok Borok Komuk Assigned collective code [sit] USE Comox (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Komunku UF Mrung Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Tipura (Other)) Tripuri Konde (Nyakyusa) Kokama USE Ngonde USE Cocama Konde (Yao group) Koko Jelandji USE Makonde USE Kuku-Yalanji Konekor Gadaba Koko Ya’o USE Gadaba (Dravidian) USE Kuuku Ya’u Kongabula Kol (Papua New Guinea) USE Gungabula USE Narak Kongara Kolami Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [dra] (Other)) (Dravidian (Other)) Kongo [kon] Kolkotta UF Congo USE Baria Fiote Kololo Kikongo USE Lozi Also collective code for: Koluschan Kituba USE Tlingit Laadi Komaits Ntaandu USE Gumatj Konkani [kok] Komba Konkomba Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [nic] (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Kombe Konomihu Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [nai] (North (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Komi [kom] Konosarola UF Syryenian USE Vagala Zyrian Konyak Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [sit] Komi-Permyak (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Komi-Permyak UF Kanyak Assigned collective code [kom] Koon (Komi) USE !Xo UF Permiak Koozime Komo (Congo) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [bnt] (Other)) (Bantu (Other)) Kope UF Kumu USE Gope Komodo Kor Assigned collective code [map] USE Cua (Austronesian (Other)) Koranko USE Kuranko

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 75 Name Sequence

Korape Koyukon Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [ath] (Other)) (Athapascan (Other)) UF Kwarafe Kpelego Okeina USE Kulango Korava (Munda) Kpelle [kpe] USE Korwa UF Guerze Korean [kor] Kposo Use for related Korean languages and Assigned collective code [nic] dialects (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Koriki UF Akposo USE Purari Ikposo Korintje Krebo USE Kerinci USE Grebo Korku Kreish USE Kurku Assigned collective code [ssa] Koro Lafia (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Migili Krio Koromfe Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles USE Kurumba and Pidgins, English-based Korrawa (Other)) USE Garawa UF Aku (Creole) Korwa Kriol Assigned collective code [mun] Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles (Munda (Other)) and Pidgins, English-based UF Korava (Munda) (Other)) Koryak Krongo Assigned collective code [mis] Assigned collective code [nic] (Miscellaneous languages) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Kosena UF Kadumodi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Kurungu (Other)) Kroumen Koso USE Tepo USE Panamint Kru Kosrae Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru USE Kusaie (Other)) Kota (India) Kru (Other) [kro] Assigned collective code [dra] Collective code for: (Dravidian (Other)) Bete Kotiria Dida USE Guanano Gere Kotokoli Godye USE Tem Kru Koulango Nyabwa USE Kulango Tchien Kouroumba Tepo USE Kurumba Wobe

page 76 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Ksanka Kulango USE Kutenai Assigned collective code [nic] Kuanua (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Tolai UF Koulango Kuanyama [kua] Kpelego UF Cuanhama Nabe Kwanyama Ngwala Ovambo (Kuanyama) Nkurange Kubachi Zazere Assigned collective code [cau] Kumait (Caucasian (Other)) USE Gumatj Kubu Kuman Assigned collective code [map] USE Kipchak (Austronesian (Other)) Kumauni Kuchean Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie USE Tokharian (Other)) Kui Kumu Assigned collective code [dra] USE Komo (Congo) (Dravidian (Other)) Kumyk [kum] UF Kandh Kuna Kui (Mon-Khmer) USE Cuna Assigned collective code [mkh] Kundu (Mon-Khmer (Other)) USE Bakundu UF Suai !Kung Kuitsh USE !Xu Assigned collective code [nai] (North Kunimaipa American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Lower Umpqua (Other)) Umpqua, Lower Kuo Kuki Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [sit] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Kurada Kukota Assigned collective code [map] USE Gugada (Austronesian (Other)) Kuku-Yalanji UF Auhelawa Assigned collective code [aus] Cauhelawa (Australian languages) Nuakata UF Gugu Yalanji Kuranko Koko Jelandji Assigned collective code [nic] Kukuruku (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Etsako UF Koranko Kulaal Kurdish [kur] Assigned collective code [ssa] Kurg (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Kodagu UF Gula (Lake Iro, Chad) Kulaman USE Sarangani Manobo

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 77 Name Sequence

Kurku Kutchin Assigned collective code [mun] USE Gwich’in (Munda (Other)) Kutenai [kut] UF Kirku UF Cootenai Korku Kitonaqa Kurmali Koetenay Assigned collective code [bih] (Bihari) Ksanka UF Kurumali Kutthung Kurobu USE Kattang USE Attie Kuu Kurorofa USE Fe’fe’ USE Jukun Kuuku Ya’u Kurrawar Assigned collective code [aus] USE Garawa (Australian languages) Kurukh [kru] UF Koko Ya’o UF Kurux Kuvi Oraon Assigned collective code [dra] Uraon (Dravidian (Other)) Kurumali Kuyonon USE Kurmali USE Cuyunon Kurumba Kwakiutl Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [wak] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Wakashan languages) UF Deforo Kwangali Foulse Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Fulse (Other)) Koromfe Kwanyama Kouroumba USE Kuanyama Kurumfe Kwara’ae Lilse Assigned collective code [map] Kurumfe (Austronesian (Other)) USE Kurumba UF Fiu Kurungu Kwarafe USE Krongo USE Korape Kurux Kweni USE Kurukh Assigned collective code [nic] Kusaal (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] UF Gouro (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Kwerba UF Kusasi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Kusaie [kos] (Other)) UF Kosrae Kwiri Kusasi Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Kusaal (Other)) Kusunda UF Mokpwe Assigned collective code [sit] Kwokwoos (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Coos

page 78 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Kwoma Lakalai USE Washkuk USE Nakanai Kyrgyz [kir] Lakota UF Kara-Kirghiz Assigned collective code [dak] Kirghiz (Dakota) La-oop UF Teton USE Lawa (Thailand) Lala Laadi Assigned collective code [but] (Bantu Assigned collective code [kon] (Kongo) (Other)) UF Kilari Lali Lacandon USE Teke Assigned collective code [myn] Lallans (Mayan languages) USE Scots Ladakhi Lalok Assigned collective code [sit] USE Bom (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Lamba [lam] Ladin Lambadi Assigned collective code [roh] Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie (Raeto-Romance) (Other)) Ladino [lad] UF Banjara UF Judeo-Spanish Lamut Judesmo USE Even Also collective code for: Land Dayak Haketia USE Dayak Lagubi Landim USE Mambila USE Ronga Lahnda [lah] Landogo UF Panjabi, Western USE Loko Western Panjabi Landsmaal Also collective code for: USE Norwegian Hindko Lango Siraiki Assigned collective code [ssa] Siraiki Hindki (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Siraiki SindhI Langue d’oc (post-1500) Lahnda, Southern USE Occitan (post-1500) USE Siraiki Lanna Thai Lahu USE Northern Thai Assigned collective code [sit] Lao [lao] (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Lapp UF Muhso USE Sami Lai Lapuyan Subanen USE Haka Chin USE Southern Subanen Laizo (Burma) Latin [lat] Assigned collective code [sit] UF Latin, Vulgar (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Vulgar Latin Lak Latin, Vulgar Assigned collective code [cau] USE Latin (Caucasian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 79 Name Sequence

Latuka Lenakel USE Lotuko Assigned collective code [map] Latvian [lav] (Austronesian (Other)) UF Lettish Lenape Lau USE Delaware Assigned collective code [map] Lenca (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Lava American Indian (Other)) USE Lawa (Thailand) Lendu Lavongai Assigned collective code [ssa] Assigned collective code [map] (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Lendu, Southern UF Dang USE Ngiti New Hanover Lengua Tungak Assigned collective code [sai] (South Lavua American Indian (Other)) USE Lawa (Thailand) Lenje Lawa (Thailand) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [mkh] (Other)) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) UF Bwine-Mukuni UF La-oop Ci-Renje Lava Lenni Lenape Lavua USE Delaware Luwa Lepanto-Igorot Lebou USE Kankanay Assigned collective code [wol] (Wolof) Lepcha Ledo’ Assigned collective code [sit] USE Kaili (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Leearrawa UF Rong USE Garawa Lese Lefana Assigned collective code [ssa] Assigned collective code [nic] (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Lettish UF Bouem USE Latvian Buem Letuana Bwem USE Tanimuca-Retuama Lele Letzeburgesch [ltz] Assigned collective code [nic] UF Luxemburgian (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Leytean UF Ele USE Waray Lyele Lezgian [lez] Lelet Lifu USE Mandak USE Dehu Lembak Bilide Lillooet Assigned collective code [may] Assigned collective code [sal] (Malay) (Salishan languages) Lilse USE Kurumba

page 80 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Limba Loglan (Artificial language) Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [art] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Artificial (Other)) Limbakaraja Logooli USE Iwaidji Assigned collective code [bnt] Limbu (Bantu (Other)) Assigned collective code [sit] UF Ragoli (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Loko UF Lumbu Assigned collective code [nic] Limbum (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] UF Landogo (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Loko (Arawakan) UF Llimbumi USE Arawak Ndzungle Lokono Njungene USE Arawak Nsugni Lolo (China) Wimbum USE Yi Zungle Lolo (Congo) Linda USE Mongo-Nkundu Assigned collective code [bad] Loma (Banda) Assigned collective code [nic] Lindrou (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Barn (Austronesian (Other)) Buzi Lingala [lin] Lorma UF Bangala (Congo) Lombard Mangala (Congo) Assigned collective code [gem] Ngala (Congo) (Germanic (Other)) Lisu Lomongo Assigned collective code [sit] USE Mongo-Nkundu (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Longuda UF Yawyin Assigned collective code [nic] Lithuanian [lit] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Livonian UF Nunguda Assigned collective code [fiu] Lonkundu (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) USE Mongo-Nkundu Llaruro Lopa USE Yaruro Assigned collective code [sit] Llimbumi (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Limbum Lorenzo Lobi USE Amuesha Assigned collective code [nic] Lorhon (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Logbara (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Lugbara UF Loghon Loghon Lorma USE Lorhon USE Loma

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 81 Name Sequence

Lotuko Luango Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Yombe (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Luba, Western UF Latuka USE Luba-Lulua Loucheux Luba-Kaonde USE Gwich’in USE Kaonde Louisiana Acadian Luba-Kasai USE Cajun French USE Luba-Lulua Louisiana French Luba-Katanga [lub] USE Cajun French UF Chiluba Louisiana French Creole Katanga Assigned collective code [cpfj (Creoles Luba-Lulua [lua] and Pidgins, French-based UF Ciluba (Other)) Kalebwe (Luba-Lulua) UF French Creole, Louisiana Luba, Western Low German Luba-Kasai Assigned collective code [gem] Western Luba (Germanic (Other)) Lubukusu UF German, Low USE Bukusu Plattdeutsch Lucazi Low German, Old (ca. 850-1050) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Old Saxon (Other)) Lower Circassian UF Ponda USE Adygei Ludic Lower Sorbian Assigned collective code [flu] Assigned collective code [wen] (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) (Sorbian languages) UF Lydi Lower Tanudan Kalinga Lue Assigned collective code [phi] USE Lii (Philippine (Other)) Luganda UF Kalinga, Lower Tanudan USE Ganda Tanudan Kalinga, Lower Lugbara Lower Umpqua Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Kuitsh (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Lowland Scots UF Logbara USE Scots Lugisu Lozi [loz] USE Gisu UF Kololo Luiseno [lui] Sikololo Luko Lii USE Yako Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Lumasaaba (Other)) USE Gisu UF Lue Lumbu Pai-i USE Limbu Tai Lii Lunambe Luaan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Bajau (Other))

page 82 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Lunda [lun] Luyia Lunda, Northern Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Ruund (Other)) Lungming UF Oluluyia Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Lwo (Other)) USE Acoli Lunyaneka Lwo (Sudan) USE Nyaneka Assigned collective code [ssa] Lunyankole (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Nyankole UF Dhe Lwo Lunyoro Dyur USE Nyoro Giur Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) [luo] Jo Lwo UF Dho Luo Jur Gaya Luo (Sudan) Jo Luo Lydi Kavirondo, Nilotic USE Ludic Nife Lyele Nilotic Kavirondo USE Lele Nyife Maban Wagaya Assigned collective code [ssa] Luo (Sudan) (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Lwo (Sudan) UF Meban Lur Maca USE Alur Assigned collective code [sai] (South Lusatian Sorbian languages American Indian (Other)) USE Sorbian languages UF Maka (Paraguay) Lushai [lus] Macassar UF Dulien USE Makasar Mizo Macedo-Romanian Sailau USE Aromanian Lusiba Macedonian [mac] USE Haya Machacali Luvale USE Masacali Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Machicui (Other)) USE Mascoi Luwa Machiguenga USE Lawa (Thailand) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Luwian American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [ine] Machoto (Indo-European (Other)) USE Itonama Luwunda Maclatzinca USE Ruund USE Ocuiltec Luxemburgian Macu de cubeo USE Letzeburgesch USE Cacua Luyana Macu de desano Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Cacua (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 83 Name Sequence

Macu de guanano Mahican USE Cacua Assigned collective code [alg] Macu de tucano (Algonquian (Other)) USE Jupda Mai Brat Macuna Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Mey Brat UF Buhagana Mai Huna Madagascan USE Orejon USE Malagasy Maidu Madurese [mad] Assigned collective code [nai] (North Mafa American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] UF Pujunan (Afroasiatic (Other)) Maipua UF Matakam USE Purari Natakan Maithili [mai] Mafor UF Tirhutia USE Numfor Majingai Maga Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Tumak (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Magadhi Prakrit UF Midjinngay Assigned collective code [pra] (Prakrit Moggingain languages) Sara-Majingai Magahi [mag] Maj ingai-Ngama Magar USE Sara Assigned collective code [sit] Majorcan Catalan (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Assigned collective code [cat] Maghi (Catalan) USE Arakanese UF Catalan, Majorcan Magindanao Maka (Cameroon) Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Philippine (Other)) (Other)) UF Moro UF Mekaa Magong Maka (Paraguay) USE !Xo USE Maca Magyar Makakat USE Hungarian USE Baining Mahaga Makarub USE Bugotu USE Daribi Mahas-Fiyadikka Makasar [mak] Assigned collective code [nub] UF Macassar (Nubian languages) Makian, East UF Fadicca USE East Makian Fiadidja Makian, West Fiyadikka USE West Makian Nobiin

page 84 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Makonde Malinka Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Mandingo (Other)) Maltese [mlt] UF Chimakonde Malto Konde (Yao group) Assigned collective code [dra] Makua (Dravidian (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Malu (Papua New Guinea) (Other)) USE Ramoaaina Malabar Malvi USE Malayalam Assigned collective code [raj] Malagasy [mlg] (Rajasthani) UF Hova Mam Madagascan Assigned collective code [myn] Malgache (Mayan languages) Merina UF Zaklohpakap Also collective code for: Mamainde Bara (Madagascar) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Betsileo American Indian (Other)) Masikoro UF Tamainde Tsimihety Mamanwa Malay [may] Assigned collective code [phi] Also collective code for: (Philippine (Other)) Enim Mamara Kayu Agung Assigned collective code [nic] Lembak Bilide (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Palembang Malay UF Bamana (Senufo) Semendo Mianka Siladang Minianka Urak Lawoi ’ Minyanka Malay, Palembang Mambila USE Palembang Malay Assigned collective code [nic] Malayalam [mal] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Malabar UF Lagubi Also collective code for: Nor Moplah Tagbo Malayo Torbi USE Damana Mambukush Malayo-Polynesian (Other) USE Mbukushu USE Austronesian (Other) Mampruli Maldivian Assigned collective code [nic] USE Divehi (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Malecite Managalasi USE Passamaquoddy Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Maleku Jaika (Other)) USE Guatuso Manam Malgache Assigned collective code [map] USE Malagasy (Austronesian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 85 Name Sequence

Manambu Mangap Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [map] (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Manape Mangarayi USE Gapapaiwa Assigned collective code [aus] Manche (Australian languages) USE Mopan UF Manggarai (Australia) Manchu [mnc] Mungerry Mandailing Mangbetu Assigned collective code [btk] (Batak) Assigned collective code [ssa] UF Batak Mandailing (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Mandak UF Monbuttu Assigned collective code [map] Manggarai (Australia) (Austronesian (Other)) USE Mangarayi UF Lelet Manggarai (Indonesia) Mandan Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan (Austronesian (Other)) (Other)) Mangseng Mandar [mdr] Assigned collective code [map] UF Andian (Austronesian (Other)) Mandara Mangue Assigned collective code [afa] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Afroasiatic (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Wandala UF Choluteca Mandaya Mangyan USE Dibabawon Assigned collective code [phi] Mandean (Philippine (Other)) Assigned collective code [sem] UF Iraya (Semitic (Other)) Manihiki Rarotongan Mandeka Assigned collective code [rar] USE Mandingo (Rarotongan) Mandingo [man] UF Rarotongan, Manihiki UF Malinka Maninka Mandeka USE Mandingo Maninka Manipuri [mni] Meninka UF Meithei Mandjak Mankanya Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [nic] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Mandjildjara UF Bola (Portuguese Guinea) Assigned collective code [aus] Brame (Australian languages) Bulama UF Mantjiltjara Mankon Mangala (Congo) Assigned collective code [nic] USE Lingala (Niger-Kordofanian (Other))

page 86 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Mano Maqaqet Assigned collective code [nic] USE Baining (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Maquiritare Manobo languages [mno] USE Yecuana Collective code for: Maracasero Agusan Manobo USE Damana Ata Manobo Maragua Binukid Manobo USE Maue Cotabato Manobo Maranao Dibabawon Assigned collective code [phi] Higaonon (Philippine (Other)) Ilianen Manobo UF Moro Kagayanen Maranungku Manuvu Assigned collective code [aus] MatigSalug (Australian languages) Sarangani Manobo Marari Western Bukidnon Manobo Assigned collective code [hin] Mansaka Marathi [mar] Assigned collective code [phi] Margosatubig Subanun (Philippine (Other)) USE Southern Subanen Mansi Mari [chm] Assigned collective code [fiu] UF Cheremissian (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) Marinahua UF Vogul USE Sharanahua Mantjiltjara Marinbata USE Mandjildjara USE Murinbata Manuvu Marquesan Assigned collective code [mno] Assigned collective code [map] (Manobo languages) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Bagobo, Upper Marshall [mah] Upper Bagobo UF Ebon Manx [glv] Martu Wangka Maori [mao] Assigned collective code [aus] Also collective code for: (Australian languages) South Island Maori Marwari [mwr] Maori, Cook Islands Also collective code for: USE Rarotongan Dingal Maori, South Island Mewari USE South Island Maori Masa Maprik USE Musgu USE Abulas Masa (Chadic) Mapuche [arn] Assigned collective code [afa] UF Araucanian (Afroasiatic (Other)) Mapudungun UF Banaa Mapudungun Banana (Masa) USE Mapuche Masana Mapun Massa USE Jama Mapun Walai

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 87 Name Sequence

Masaba Mataco USE Gisu Assigned collective code [sai] (South Masacali American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Matagalpa American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [cai] (Central UF Machacali American Indian (Other)) Mashakali UF Cacaopera Maxakali Matakam Masai [mas] USE Mafa Masana Matapi USE Masa (Chadic) USE Yucuna Masbateno Mataveke-paya Assigned collective code [phi] USE Hualapai (Philippine (Other)) MatigSalug UF Minasbate Assigned collective code [mno] Mascoi (Manobo languages) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Matlatzinca American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [oto] UF Emok (Otomian languages) Machicui UF Pirinda Toba-Emok Matses Mashakali USE Mayoruna USE Masacali Maue Mashco Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [sai] (South American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Andira UF Amarakaeri Arapium Harakmbet Maragua Mashi Satere USE Shi Mauritian French Creole Mashona Assigned collective code [cpf] (Creoles USE Shona and Pidgins, French-based Masikoro (Other)) Assigned collective code [mlg] UF French Creole, Mauritian (Malagasy) Maxakali Maskegon USE Masacali USE Cree Maya Maskoki Assigned collective code [myn] USE Creek (Mayan languages) Massa UF Yucatecan USE Masa (Chadic) Mayan languages [myn] Massachuset Collective code for: Assigned collective code [alg] Aguacatec (Algonquian (Other)) Akatek UF Natick Cake hike l Niantic Choi Nonantum Chontal of Tabasco Chord page 88 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Mayan languages (Cont.) Mbam Chuj USE Mbum Cubulco Achi Mbembe Huastec USE Bembe (Congo (Brazzaville)) Ixil Mbili Jacalteca Assigned collective code [nic] Kanjobal (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Kekchi Mbo (Cameroon) Lacandon Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Mam (Other)) Maya Mbomitaba Mocho USE Bomitaba Mopan Mbosi Pokomam Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Pokonchi (Other)) Quiche Mbukushu Rabinal Achi Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Tectiteco (Other)) Tojolabal UF Goba Tzeltal Mambukush Tzotzil Mpukush Tzutuhil Mbum Uspanteca Assigned collective code [nic] Mayo (New Guinea) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Yessan-Mayo UF Bute Mayo (Piman) Mbam Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Voute American Indian (Other)) Vute Mayoruna Mbundu Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Kimbundu American Indian (Other)) Mbundu (Benguela District, Angola) UF Matses USE Umbundu Mayoyao Ifugao Mbya Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Philippine (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Ifugao, Mayoyao Meax Mazahua Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [oto] (Other)) (Otomian languages) Meban Mazateco USE Maban Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Mebe American Indian (Other)) USE Dan Mbai (Moissala) Mech Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Bodo (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Medieval Greek UF Moissala Mbai USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Sara Mbai (Moissala)

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 89 Name Sequence

Medlpa Mescalero Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [apa] (Apache (Other)) languages) UF Hagen Messapian Moglei Assigned collective code [ine] Meithei (Indo-European (Other)) USE Manipuri UF Iapygian Mekaa Mevadi USE Maka (Cameroon) USE Mewari Mekeo Mewa Assigned collective code [map] USE Mewari (Austronesian (Other)) Mewan Mekusuky USE Miwok languages USE Mikasuki Mewari Mele-Fila Assigned collective code [mwr] Assigned collective code [map] (Marwari) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Mevadi UF Fila Mewa Melebuganon Mexican Assigned collective code [phi] USE Nahuatl (Philippine (Other)) Mey Brat UF Milebuganon USE Mai Brat Molbog Mi Gangam Menangkabau Assigned collective code [nic] USE Minangkabau (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Mende [men] UF Dye Meninka Gangam USE Mandingo Ngangan Menominee Miami (Ind. and Okla.) Assigned collective code [alg] Assigned collective code [alg] (Algonquian (Other)) (Algonquian (Other)) Mentawai Miami (Papua New Guinea) Assigned collective code [map] USE Tani (Austronesian (Other)) Miani Meo USE Tani USE Hmong Mianka Mereo USE Mamara USE Emerillon Mianmin Merida Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Zaghawa (Other)) Merina Miao USE Malagasy USE Hmong Meru Miao, White Assigned collective code [bnt] USE White Hmong (Other)) Michoacana UF Kimeru USE Tarascan Micmac [mic]

page 90 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Mid-Waria Mina (Indonesia) USE Guhu-Samane USE Muna Middle Dutch Minangkabau [min] USE Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350) UF Menangkabau Middle English Minasbate USE English, Middle (1100-1500) USE Masbateno Middle French Mingrelian USE French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600) Assigned collective code [cau] Middle High German (Caucasian (Other)) USE German, Middle High Minianka (ca. 1050-1500) USE Mamara Middle Irish Minsi USE Irish, Middle (ca. 1100-1550) USE Munsee Middle Khotanese Miny USE Khotanese USE Dehu Middle Persian (Pahlavi) Minyanka USE Pahlavi USE Mamara Middle Welsh (ca. 1100-1400) Minyung USE Welsh, Middle (ca. 1100-1400) USE Bandjalang Midjinngay Miri USE Majingai USE Abor Midab Miscellaneous languages [mis] Assigned collective code [nub] Collective code for: (Nubian languages) Ainu Mien Andamanese USE Yao (Southeastern Asia) Burushaski Migili Chukchi Assigned collective code [nic] Etruscan (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Gilyak UF Koro Lafia Hattie Mikaru Hurrian USE Daribi Iberian Mikasuki Indus script Assigned collective code [nai] (North Kamchadal American Indian (Other)) Ket UF Mekusuky Koryak Mikir Nancowry Assigned collective code [sit] Nenets (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Nganasan UF Karbi Nicobarese Milanese Palan Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) Yugh Milebuganon Yukaghir USE Melebuganon Mising Min-chia USE Abor USE Pai (China) Mina (Benin and Togo USE Gen-Gbe

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 91 Name Sequence

Miskito Mocho Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [myn] American Indian (Other)) (Mayan languages) UF Mosquito UF Motozintlec Mitaba Modena Italian USE Bomitaba Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) Mitani UF Italian, Modena USE Hurrian Mofu, Southern Mitsogo USE Southern Mofu USE Tsogo Mofu-Gudur Mituku USE Southern Mofu Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Moggingain (Other)) USE Majingai Miwok, Northern Sierra Moghol USE Northern Sierra Miwok Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Miwok languages (Other)) Assigned collective code [nai] (North UF Mogol American Indian (Other)) Moglei UF Mewan USE Medlpa Moquelumnan Mogol Mixe USE Moghol Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Mogoreb American Indian (Other)) USE Baria UF Ayook Moguex Mixtec Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [cai] (Central American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Cuambia Miya Guambiano Assigned collective code [afa] Mohawk [moh] (Afroasiatic (Other)) Mohegan Mizo Assigned collective code [alg] USE Lushai (Algonquian (Other)) Mmfo UF Pequot USE Mo (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) Mohongia Mnong, Eastern USE Nocte USE Eastern Mnong Moissala Mbai Mo (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) USE Mbai (Moissala) Assigned collective code [nic] Mojo (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Burn (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) American Indian (Other)) Deg UF Ignaciano Mmfo Moxo Moba Mojung Assigned collective code [nic] USE Chang (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Moki Mochda (Tucanoan) USE Hopi USE Carapana (Tucanoan)

page 92 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Mokilese Stieng Assigned collective code [map] Temiar (Austronesian (Other)) Wa Moklum Monbuttu Assigned collective code [sit] USE Mangbetu (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Mong Mokpwe USE Hmong USE Kwiri Mongo Moksha USE Mongo-Nkundu Assigned collective code [fiu] Mongo-Nkundu [lol] (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) UF Lolo (Congo) Molbog Lomongo USE Melebuganon Lonkundu Moldavian [mol] Mongo Mole Nkundu USE Moore Mongol Mombe USE Mongolian USE Ngonde Mongolian [mon] Mon UF Mongol Assigned collective code [mkh] Also collective code for: (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Chahar UF Peguan Khalkha Talaing Ordos Mon-Khmer (Other) [mkh] Mongour Collective code for: Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Bahnar (Other)) Blang UF Tu Chrau Mongsen Cua USE Ao Eastern Mnong Monokutuba Hre USE Kituba Jah Hut Monpa Jeh Assigned collective code [sit] Katu (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Khmu’ Montagnais Koho Assigned collective code [ere] (Cree) Kui (Mon-Khmer) Montagnais (Athapascan) Lawa (Thailand) USE Chipewyan Mon Moonsee Muong USE Munsee Nyah Kur Moore [mos] Pacoh UF Mole Rengao More Sedang Moshi Semai Mossi Semang Moorish (India) Senoic languages USE Urdu Sre

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 93 Name Sequence

Mopan Moseten Assigned collective code [myn] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Mayan languages) American Indian (Other)) UF Manche Moshi Moplah USE Moore Assigned collective code [mal] Moso (Malayalam) USE Naxi Moquelumnan Mosquito USE Miwok languages USE Miskito Morato Mossi USE Candoshi USE Moore Morda Motilon USE Baria Assigned collective code [sai] (South Mordva American Indian (Other)) USE Mordvin UF Bari (Venezuela) Mordvin Yupe Assigned collective code [flu] Motozintlec (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) USE Mocho UF Mordva Motu Mordvinian Assigned collective code [map] Mordvinian (Austronesian (Other)) USE Mordvin Motumotu More USE Toaripi USE Moore Motuna Mori USE Siwai Assigned collective code [map] Mouk (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Aikoa (Austronesian (Other)) Moro Moundang USE Magindanao USE Mundang Maranao Mountain Arapesh Sulu Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Moro (South America) (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Arapesh, Mountain American Indian (Other)) Bukiyup UF Ayore Mountain Koiari Ayoweo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Mortlock (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Koiali, Mountain (Austronesian (Other)) Moxo Moru USE Mojo Assigned collective code [ssa] Mozabite (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Mzab Morvan French Mpongwe Assigned collective code [fre] (French) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF French, Morvan (Other)) UF Pongwe

page 94 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Mpukush Kurku USE Mbukushu Mundari Mpur Nihali Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Sora (Other)) Mundang Mrung Assigned collective code [nic] USE Kok Borok (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Muana UF Moundang Assigned collective code [nic] Mundari (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [mun] Muatiamvua (Munda (Other)) USE Ruund UF Kohl Mugil Mundu (Philippines) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Sulod (Other)) Munduruku UF Bargam Assigned collective code [sai] (South Saker American Indian (Other)) Muhso Mungaka USE Lahu Assigned collective code [nic] Muinane (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Bali (Cameroon) American Indian (Other)) Mungerry Mukawa USE Mangarayi Assigned collective code [map] Munggan (Austronesian (Other)) USE Wik-Munkan UF Kapikapi Munggava Multani USE Rennellese USE Siraiki Miinkii Multiple languages [mul] Assigned collective code [sai] (South Mumuye American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Munsee (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [del] Miin Chin (Delaware) Assigned collective code [sit] UF Esopus (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Minsi UF Chinbok Moonsee Muna Munukutuba Assigned collective code [map] USE Kituba (Austronesian (Other)) Muong UF Mina (Indonesia) Assigned collective code [mkh] Wuna (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Munda (Other) [mun] Murato Collective code for: USE Candoshi Asuri Murinbata Bhumij Assigned collective code [aus] Ho (Australian languages) Kharia UF Marinbata Korwa

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 95 Name Sequence

Murle Nagpuri (Bhojpuri) Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Sadani (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Nahali UF Beir USE Nihali Murmi Nahuat USE Tamang USE Pipil Murui Nahuatl [nah] Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Aztec American Indian (Other)) Mexican UF Huitoto, Murui Also collective code for: Musa, Upper Pipil USE Aneme Wake Nakanai Muscogee Assigned collective code [map] USE Creek (Austronesian (Other)) Musgoy UF Lakalai USE Daba Nali Musgu Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [afa] (Austronesian (Other)) (Afroasiatic (Other)) UF Yiru UF Masa Nama Mutsun Assigned collective code [khi] Assigned collective code [nai] (North (Khoisan (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Namau Myang USE Purari USE Northern Thai Nambicuara Mzab Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [ber] (Berber American Indian (Other)) (Other)) UF Nhambicuara UF Mozabite Nambya Nabak Assigned collective code [bnt] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Bantu (Other)) (Other)) Nanai UF Wain Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Nabaloi (Other)) USE Ibaloi UF Goldi Nabe Nancere USE Kulango Assigned collective code [afa] Nafaanra (Afroasiatic (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Nancowry (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [mis] Naga Pidgin (Miscellaneous languages) Assigned collective code [crp] (Creoles Nande and Pidgins (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Nagamese (Other)) Nagamese UF Nandi (Congo) USE Naga Pidgin Nago USE Yoruba

page 96 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Nandi Natick Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Massachuset (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Nauru [nau] Nandi (Congo) Navajo [nav] USE Nande Nawariyi Nankanse USE Wandarang Assigned collective code [nic] Nawazi-Montji (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Chimane UF Frafra Nawp Gurenne USE Daga Nankina Naxi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [sit] (Other)) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Nano UF Moso USE Umbundu Nayarita Napu USE Cora Assigned collective code [map] Nbundu (Austronesian (Other)) USE Kimbundu UF Bara (Indonesia) Nchumburu Nara Assigned collective code [nic] USE Baria (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Narak Ndebele (South Africa) [nbl] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Ndzundza (Other)) Nrebele (South Africa) UF Gandja Transvaal Ndebele Kandawo Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [nde] Kol (Papua New Guinea) UF Nrebele (Zimbabwe) Naro Sindebele USE Nharo Tebele Narrinyeri Ndjuka Assigned collective code [aus] USE Djuka (Australian languages) Ndogo-Sere languages Nascapee Assigned collective code [nic] USE Naskapi (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Nasioi Ndonga [ndo] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Ambo (Angola and Namibia) (Other)) Oshindonga Naskapee Oshiwambo USE Naskapi Ovambo (Ndonga) Naskapi Ndore Assigned collective code [ere] (Cree) USE Tuburi UF Nascapee Ndruna Naskapee USE Ngiti Natakan Ndzundza USE Mafa USE Ndebele (South Africa) Nath Ndzungle USE Nuer USE Limbum

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 97 Name Sequence

Neapolitan Italian Nez Perce Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) Assigned collective code [nai] (North UF Italian, Neapolitan American Indian (Other)) Neengatu UF Numipu USE Tupi Sahaptin Nembe Ngaanyatjara Assigned collective code [ijo] (Ijo) Assigned collective code [aus] UF Nimbi (Australian languages) Nemi UF Nyanganyatjara Assigned collective code [map] Ngada (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] Nenets (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [mis] Ngaju (Miscellaneous languages) Assigned collective code [day] (Dayak) UF Jurak UF Biadju Yurak Ngaju Dayak Nengone Ngaju Dayak Assigned collective code [map] USE Ngaju (Austronesian (Other)) Ngala (Congo) Neo (Artificial language) USE Lingala Assigned collective code [art] Ngama (Artificial (Other)) Assigned collective code [ssa] Neo-Melanesian (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Tok Pisin UF Sara Ngama Neo-Syriac Ngambai USE Syriac USE Gambai Nepali [nep] Nganasan UF Gorkhali Assigned collective code [mis] Khas (Miscellaneous languages) Parbate UF Tavgi Purbutti Ngandi Nere Assigned collective code [aus] USE Baria (Australian languages) Netherlandic Ngangan USE Dutch USE Mi Gangam Netlakapamuk Ngangela USE Ntlakyapamuk USE Ganguela New Britain Ngarinyin USE Tolai Assigned collective code [aus] New Hanover (Australian languages) USE Lavongai UF Ungarinjin New Norwegian Wungarinjin USE Norwegian Ngarluma Newari [new] Assigned collective code [aus] (Australian languages) Ngas USE Angas page 98 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Ngatik Nguna Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [map] (Austronesian (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Ngbaka Gbaya Ngwala USE Gbaya USE Kulango Ngbaka limba Ngyemboon USE Ngbaka ma’bo Assigned collective code [bai] Ngbaka ma’bo (Bamileke languages) Assigned collective code [nic] UF Nguemba (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Nhambicuara UF Bwaka USE Nambicuara Ngbaka limba Nhang Ngere USE Yay USE Gere Nharo Ngiti Assigned collective code [khi] Assigned collective code [ssa] (Khoisan (Other)) (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) UF Naro UF Druna Niabua Lendu, Southern USE Nyabwa Ndruna Niakuol Southern Lendu USE Nyah Kur Ngizim Niantic Assigned collective code [afa] USE Massachuset (Afroasiatic (Other)) Nias [nia] UF Gwazum Nibulu Kirdiwat USE Nunuma Nugzum Nicobarese Walu Assigned collective code [mis] Ngo (Miscellaneous languages) Assigned collective code [nic] Nife (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) UF Babungo Niger-Congo (Other) Ngok Pa USE Niger-Kordofanian (Other) USE Semang Niger-Kordofanian (Other) [nic] Ngonde UF Niger-Congo (Other) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Collective code for: (Other)) Abidji UF Ikinyi-Kiusa Abua Kiusa Anufo Konde (Nyakyusa) Anyang Mombe Anyi Nkonde Attie Nyakyusa Baka (Cameroon and Gabon) Sochile Bamun Ngoqchang Bariba USE A-ch‘ang Bassari Nguemba Baule USE Ngyemboon Bekwarra

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 99 Name Sequence

Niger-Kordofanian (Other) (Cont.) Kuo Benue-Congo languages Kuranko Biali Kurumba Bijago Kusaal Birifor Kweni Birom Lefana Bobo Fing Lele Boomu Limba Bozo Limbum Brissa Lobi Bua languages Loko Buli Loma Busa Longuda Bwamu Lorhon Dagaare Mamara Dagbani Mambila Dan Mampruli Diola Mandjak Dogon Mankanya Ebira Mankon Ejagham Mano Ekpeye Mbili Engenni Mbum Esuulaalu Mi Gangam Etsako Migili Falor Mo (Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana) Gbagyi Moba Gbandi Muana Gonja Mumuye Gurma Mundang Guyuk Mungaka Gwa (Ghana) Nafaanra Hanga (Ghana) Nankanse Idoma Nchumburu Igede Ndogo-Sere languages Ikwere Ngbaka ma ’bo Itsekiri Ngo Izi Nirere Jukun Nkunya Kabre Nomaante Kaje Noone Karang (Cameroon) Northern Bullom Kasem Nunuma Kassonke Nupe Konkomba Oron Kposo Pinyin Krongo Sanwi Kulango Senari page 100 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Niger-Kordofanian (Other) (Cont.) Kreish Sherbro Kiilaal Sissala Lango Somba Lendu Tagbana Lese Tampulma Lotuko Teen Lugbara Tem Lwo (Sudan) Tikar Maban Tobote Majingai Tura Mangbetu Tuwunro Mbai (Moissala) Tyembara Moru Vagala Murle Vige Nandi Yako Ngama Nihali Ngiti Assigned collective code [mun] Nuer (Munda (Other)) Sabaot UF Nahali Sara Nii Suk Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Teda (Other)) Teso UF Ek Nii Toposa Nika Turkana Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Uduk (Other)) Yulu Nilo-Saharan (Other) [ssa] Zaghawa UF Sub-Saharan African (Other) Nilotic Kavirondo Collective code for: USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Alur Nimbi Anuak USE Nembe Bagirmi Nirere Baka Assigned collective code [nic] Bari (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Baria Nishinahua Bongo USE Jaminaua Bongo-Bagirmi languages Nisi Bor (Lwo) USE Dafla Daza Nitinat Fur Assigned collective code [wak] Gambai (Wakashan languages) Kalenjin Niuean [niu] Kara (Central African Republic Nivacle and Sudan) USE Chulupi Karamojong Nivkh Kenga USE Gilyak Kipsikis

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 101 Name Sequence

Nj ungene Nootka USE Limbum Assigned collective code [wak] Nkole (Wakashan languages) USE Nyankole UF Aht Nkonde Nutka USE Ngonde Nope Nkundu USE Nupe USE Mongo-Nkundu Nor Nkunya USE Mambila Assigned collective code [nic] Norman-French (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Anglo-Norman Nkurange Norse, Old USE Kulango USE Old Norse Noanama North American Indian (Other) [nai] USE Waunana Use for the other languages of North Nobiin America north of Mexico USE Mahas-F iyadikka excluding the languages of the Nobonob Azteco-Tanoan language phylum USE Halopa Collective code for: Nocte Alabama Assigned collective code [sit] Ankara (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Atsugewi UF Borduaria Beothuk Mohongia Chickasaw Paniduaria Chitimacha Noemfoor Coahuilteco USE Numfor Cocopa Nogai Coos Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Diegueho (Other)) Eastern Porno Nomaante Eyak Assigned collective code [nic] Hualapai (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Karok Nomatsiguenga Keres Assigned collective code [sai] (South Kiliwa American Indian (Other)) Konomihu UF Pangoa Kuitsh Nonantum Maidu USE Massachuset Mikasuki Noni Miwok languages USE Noone Mutsun Noone Nez Perce Assigned collective code [nic] Northern Sierra Miwok (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Ohlone UF Noni Paipai Pawnee Southeastern Porno Tlakluit

page 102 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

North American Indian (Other) (Cont.) Northern Sotho [nso] Tonkawa UF Pedi Tunica Sepedi Wappo Sotho, Northern Wichita Transvaal Sotho Wikchamni Northern Thai Wintu Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Wiyot (Other)) Yahi UF Kammyang Yakama Lanna Thai Yuchi Myang Yuki Phayap North Aryan Thai, Northern USE Khotanese Yuan Northern Altai Norwegian [nor] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic UF Bokmaal (Other)) Dano-Norwegian UF Altai, Northern Landsmaal Northern Barasano New Norwegian USE Barasana del Norte Nynorsk Northern Bullom Riksmaal Assigned collective code [nic] Norwegian, Old (to 1350) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) USE Old Norse UF Bullom, Northern Nosu Northern Cagayan Negrito USE Yi USE Atta Notu Northern Epera Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Catio (Other)) Northern Kankanay UF Ewage Assigned collective code [phi] Nouni (Philippine (Other)) USE Nunuma UF Bontoc, Western Novial (Artificial language) Kankanay, Northern Assigned collective code [art] Sagada-Igorot (Artificial (Other)) Western Bontoc Nrebele (South Africa) Northern Lunda USE Ndebele (South Africa) USE Ruund Nrebele (Zimbabwe) Northern Sakai USE Ndebele (Zimbabwe) USE Temiar Nsenga Northern Sami [sme] USE Senga UF Sami, Northern Nsima Northern Sierra Miwok USE Nzima Assigned collective code [nai] (North Nsugni American Indian (Other)) USE Limbum UF Miwok, Northern Sierra Northern Sinama USE Balangingi

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 103 Name Sequence

Ntaandu Numfor Assigned collective code [kon] (Kongo) Assigned collective code [map] UF Kintaandu (Austronesian (Other)) Kisantu UF Mafor Santu Noemfoor Ntlakyapamuk Nufor Assigned collective code [sal] Numipu (Salishan languages) USE Nez Perce UF Netlakapamuk Nunggubuyu - Thompson Assigned collective code [aus] Ntomba (Australian languages) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Wubuy (Other)) Nunguda UF Tomba USE Longuda Nuakata Nunuma USE Kurada Assigned collective code [nic] Nuaulu (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Nibulu (Austronesian (Other)) Nouni Nubian, Old Nupanob USE Old Nubian USE Halopa Nubian languages [nub] Nupe Collective code for: Assigned collective code [nic] Dongola-Kenuz (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Mahas-Fiyadikka UF Nope Midob Nutka Old Nubian (to 1300) USE Nootka Nuer Nyabungu Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Shi (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Nyabwa UF Abigar Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru Nath (Other)) Nufi UF Niabua USE Fe’fe’ Nyah Kur Nufor Assigned collective code [mkh] USE Numfor (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Nugunu UF Chao Bon USE Nukunu Niakuol Nugzum Nyai USE Ngizim USE Tete Nukunu Nyakyusa Assigned collective code [aus] USE Ngonde (Australian languages) Nyam-Nyam UF Nugunu USE Zande Nukuoro Nyamwezi [nym] Assigned collective code [map] (Austronesian (Other))

page 104 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Nyaneka Occitan (post-1500) [oci] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Langue d’oc (post-1500) (Other)) Provencal, Modem (post-1500) UF Lunyaneka Collective code for: Olunyaneka Bearnais (post-1500) Nyanga Gascon (post-1500) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Occitan, Old (to 1500) (Other)) USE Proven9al (to 1500) Nyanganyatjara Ocuiltec USE Ngaanyatjara Assigned collective code [oto] Nyanja [nya] (Otomian languages) UF Chinyanja UF Atzinca Nyassa Maclatzinca Also collective code for: Tlahuica Chewa O’dam Nyankole [nyn] USE Tepehuan UF Lunyankole Odschi Nkole USE Twi Runyankore Ofo Nyaruanda Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan USE Kinyarwanda (Other)) Nyassa UF Ofogoula USE Nyanja Ofogoula Nyife USE Ofo USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Ohlone Nynorsk Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Norwegian American Indian (Other)) Nyoro [nyo] UF Costanoan UF Lunyoro Oiampi Urunyoro USE Oyampi Nyungwe Oirat USE Tete Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Nzakara (Other)) Assigned collective code [znd] (Zande) UF Oyrat UF Sakara Oirat (Turkic) Nzima [nzi] USE Altai UF Amanaya Ojibwa [oji] Nsima UF Chippewa Zema Otchipwe Zimba Salteaux 0-wen-k‘o Saulteaux USE Evenki Also collective code for: Oa Ottawa USE Pamoa Ojo Ocaina USE Ijo Assigned collective code [sai] (South American Indian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 105 Name Sequence

Okanagan Old Irish Assigned collective code [sal] USE Irish, Old (to 1100) (Salishan languages) Old Italian UF Okinagan USE Italian, Old (to 1300) Okeina Old Javanese USE Korape USE Kawi Okinagan Old Khotanese USE Okanagan USE Khotanese Oksapmin Old Low Franconian Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Dutch, Old (to 1050) (Other)) Old Low German (ca. 850-1050) Oktengban USE Old Saxon USE Ketengban Old Norse [non] Okwasar UF Icelandic, Old (to 1550) USE Saberi Norse, Old Olcha Norwegian, Old (to 1350) Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Old Icelandic (to 1550) (Other)) Old Norwegian (to 1350) UF Ulcha Old Norwegian (to 1350) Old Anatolian Turkish USE Old Norse USE Turkish, Old (to 1500) Old Nubian (to 1300) Old Bactrian Assigned collective code [nub] USE Avestan (Nubian languages) Old Bulgarian (to 1100) UF Nubian, Old USE Church Slavic Old Occitan (to 1500) Old Church Slavic USE Provencal (to 1500) USE Church Slavic Old Ottoman Turkish Old Czech USE Turkish, Old (to 1500) USE Czech, Old (to 1500) Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.) [peo] Old Danish UF Persian, Old (ca. 600-400 B.C.) USE Danish, Old (to 1500) Old Persian (Avestan) Old Dutch USE Avestan USE Dutch, Old (to 1050) Old Proven9al (to 1500) Old East Slavic USE Provencal (to 1500) USE Russian, Old (to 1300) Old Prussian Old English USE Prussian USE English, Old (ca. 450-1100) Old Russian Old French USE Russian, Old (to 1300) USE French, Old (ca. 842-1400) Old Saxon Old Frisian Assigned collective code [gem] USE Frisian, Old (to 1500) (Germanic (Other)) Old High German UF Low German, Old USE German, Old High (ca. 850-1050) (ca. 750-1050) Old Low German (ca. 850-1050) Old Icelandic (to 1550) Saxon, Old USE Old Norse Old Slovenian Old Indie USE Church Slavic USE Vedic

page 106 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Old Spanish Orang Laut (Indonesia) USE Spanish, Old (to 1500) USE Bajau Old Swedish Orang Laut (Thailand and Malaysia) USE Swedish, Old (to 1550) USE Urak Lawoi’ Old Turkic Oraon Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic USE Kurukh (Other)) Oratta-Ikwerri UF Turkic, Old USE Ikwere Old Turkish Ordos USE Turkish, Old (to 1500) Assigned collective code [mon] Old Ukrainian (Mongolian) USE Ukrainian, Old (ca. 1300-1700) Orejon Old Uzbek Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Chagatai American Indian (Other)) Old Welsh (to 1100) UF Coto (Tucanoan) USE Welsh, Old (to 1100) Mai Huna Ollari Payagua USE Gadaba (Dravidian) Oria Olo USE Orya Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Oriya [ori] (Other)) Also collective code for: UF Orlei Samba Ipuri Oluluyia Orlei USE Luyia USE Olo Olunyaneka Orochon USE Nyaneka USE Oroqen Omaha Orokaiva Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Other)) (Other)) Omie Orokolo USE Aomie Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Oneida (Other)) Assigned collective code [iro] Oromo [orm] (Iroquoian (Other)) UF Afan Ongbe Galla USE Be Gallinya Ono Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Boran (Other)) Oron Onondaga Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [iro] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Iroquoian (Other)) Oroqen Opata Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Orochon Orak Lawoi’ Oru USE Urak Lawoi’ USE Ijo

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 107 Name Sequence

Orya Oturkpo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Idoma (Other)) Oubykh UF Oria USE Ubykh Uria Ouldeme Osage [osa] USE Uldeme Oshindonga Ouobe USE Ndonga USE Wobe Oshiwambo Ouolof USE Ndonga USE Wolof Osmanli Ovambo (Kuanyama) USE Turkish, Ottoman USE Kuanyama Ossetic [oss] Ovambo (Ndonga) UF Asl USE Ndonga Usatl Oyampi Ostiak Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Khanty American Indian (Other)) Ostiak Samoyed UF Oiampi USE Selkup Waiapi Otchipwe Wajapi USE Ojibwa Oyrat Othomi USE Oirat USE Otomi Pacific Gulf Yupik Oti Assigned collective code [ypk] USE Xavante (Yupik languages) Oto UF Aleut (Eskimo) Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan Eskimo, South Alaska (Other)) Sugpiak Eskimo UF Watoto Suk (Eskimo) Otomi Pacoh Assigned collective code [oto] Assigned collective code [mkh] (Otomian languages) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) UF Othomi UF Bo Otomian languages [oto] River Van Kieu Collective code for: Padam Chichimeca-Jonaz Assigned collective code [sit] Matlatzinca (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Mazahua Paduko Ocuiltec Assigned collective code [afa] Otomi (Afroasiatic (Other)) Fame UF Podoko Ottawa Paez Assigned collective code [oji] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Ojibwa) American Indian (Other)) Ottoman Turkish Pahari, Western USE Turkish, Ottoman USE Himachali Ottoman Turkish, Old USE Turkish, Old (to 1500)

page 108 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Pahlavi [pal] Palembang Malay UF Huzvaresh Assigned collective code [may] Middle Persian (Pahlavi) (Malay) Parsi UF Malay, Palembang Pazend Palenquero (Colombia) Pehlevi USE San Basilio del Palenque Spanish Persian, Middle (Pahlavi) Creole Pai (China) Paleocanaanite Assigned collective code [sit] USE Eblaite (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Pali [pli] UF Bai (China) Palicur Min-chia Assigned collective code [sai] (South Pai-i American Indian (Other)) USE Lii Pallan Paipai USE Palan Assigned collective code [nai] (North Palor American Indian (Other)) USE Falor Paite Palu Assigned collective code [sit] USE Kaili (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Pame Paiute, Southern Assigned collective code [oto] USE Southern Paiute (Otomian languages) Paiwan UF Chichimeca Pame Assigned collective code [map] Pamoa (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Pajo American Indian (Other)) USE Balaesang UF Juna Pak Thai Oa USE Southern Thai Tatutapuyo Pakhto Pampanga [pam] USE Pushto UF Kapampangan Pala Panamint Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Austronesian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Palan UF Coso Assigned collective code [mis] Koso (Miscellaneous languages) Tiimpisa UF Pallan Panare Palanan Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Paranan American Indian (Other)) Palauan [pau] Panayan UF Pelew USE Hiligaynon Palawano Pangasinan [pag] Assigned collective code [phi] Pangoa (Philippine (Other)) USE Nomatsiguenga

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 109 Name Sequence

Pangutaran Sama Binumarien Assigned collective code [phi] Bisorio (Philippine (Other)) Blagar UF Sama Pangutaran Bom Pangwa Buin Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Bunak (Other)) Burum (Papua New Guinea) Paniduaria Chuave USE Nocte Daga Panjabr [pan] Daribi UF Punjabi Dedua Panjabi, Southern Duna USE Siraiki Eipo Panjabi, Western Enga USE Lahnda Faiwol Panobo Fasu Assigned collective code [sai] (South Fore American Indian (Other)) Gadsup Papago Gahuku USE Tohono O’Odham Galela Papiamento [pap] Gimi Papuan (Other) [paa] Gogodala Collective code for: Golin Abau Gope Abulas Guhu-Samane Agarabe Gwedena Alamblak Halopa Ama (Papua New Guinea) Huli Amele Iatmul Ampale Inoke Aneme Wake Irumu Anggor Iwam Ankave Kalabra Aomie Kalam Asaro Kaluli Asmat Kamano Au Kamasau Auyana Kamtuk Awa (Eastern Highlands Kanite Province, Papua New Guinea) Kapauku Bahinemo Kate Baining Ketengban Barai Kewa Baruya Kobon Bauzi Komba Benabena Komunku Berik Kongara Biangai Korape page 110 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Papuan (Other) (Cont.) Tepera Kosena Ternate Kunimaipa Tifal Kwerba Timbe Lunambe Toaripi Mai Brat Tobelo Managalasi Urii Manambu Usarufa Meax Waffa Medlpa Wantoat Mianmin Washkuk Mountain Arapesh Wasi Mountain Koiari Were Mugil West Makian Nabak Wiru Nankina Woisika Narak Yabiyufa Nasioi Yagaria Nii Yangoru Notu Yareba Oksapmin Yau Olo Yessan-Mayo Ono Yui Orokaiva Paramuni Orokolo USE Patamona Orya Paranan Pay Assigned collective code [map] Purari (Austronesian (Other)) Rawa UF Palanan Rotokas Paraujano Saberi Assigned collective code [sai] (South Sahu American Indian (Other)) Samo UF Anun Sawos Parbate Selepet USE Nepali Sentani Pare Siam USE Asu Siroi Paressi Siwai Assigned collective code [sai] (South Sona (Papua New Guinea) American Indian (Other)) Suena UF Arid Sulka Parintintin Tairora Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tanahmerah (Northeast Irian American Indian (Other)) Jaya) Parsi Tani USE Pahlavi Tauya Telefol

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 111 Name Sequence

Parthian Pekawa Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian USE Daa (Other)) Pelew Parya USE Palauan Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Pemon (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Pasa American Indian (Other)) USE Siroi Pend d’Oreille Pashto USE Kalispel USE Pushto Pende Passamaquoddy Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [alg] (Other)) (Algonquian (Other)) UF Kipende UF Etchemin Pindi (Pende) Malecite Pengo Patamona Assigned collective code [dra] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Dravidian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Pennsylvania German UF Paramuni Assigned collective code [gem] Patristic Greek (Germanic (Other)) USE Greek, Ancient (to 1453) Penobscot Paumari Assigned collective code [alg] USE Purupuru (Algonquian (Other)) Paumotu Pequot USE Tuamotuan USE Mohegan Pauwi Permiak USE Bauzi USE Komi-Permyak Pawnee Persian [per] Assigned collective code [nai] (North UF Farsi American Indian (Other)) Also collective code for: Pay Dari Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Persian, Middle (Pahlavi) (Other)) USE Pahlavi Payagua Persian, Old (Avestan) USE Orejon USE Avestan Pazend Persian, Old (ca. 600-400 B.C.) USE Pahlavi USE Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.) Peaux-de-Lievre Petats USE Kawchottine Assigned collective code [map] Pedi (Austronesian (Other)) USE Northern Sotho Peul Pedraza USE Fula USE Tunebo Phayap Peguan USE Northern Thai USE Mon Pehlevi USE Pahlavi

page 112 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Philippine (Other) [phi] Masbateno Collective code for: Mayoyao Ifugao Abaknon Melebuganon Agfa Northern Kankanay Agutaynon Palawano Aklanon Pangutaran Sama Alangan Sama Sibutu Amganad Ifugao Sambali Atta Southern Bontoc Ayangan Ifugao Southern Subanen Bagobo Subanun Balangao Sulod Balangingi Sulu Banton Tagakaolo Batad Ifugao Tagbanua Batan Tausug Bilaan Tboli Bolinao Tina Sambal Bontoc Tiruray Botolan Sambal Tuwali Caluyanun Western Subanon Central Bontoc Yakan Central Subanen Phoenician [phn] Cuyunon Also collective code for: Dumagat (Casiguran) Punic Dumagat (Umirey) Phouteng Eastern Bontoc USE Khmu’ Eastern Ifugao Phurhembe Gaddang USE Tarascan Ibaloi Piapoco Ibanag Assigned collective code [sai] (South Ifugao American Indian (Other)) Ilongot Pidgin English Isinay Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles Isneg and Pidgins, English-based Itawis (Other)) Itbayat Pidgin Kaffir Jama Mapun USE Fanakalo Kalamian Pidgins Kalinga languages USE Creoles and Pidgins (Other) Kankanay Pilaga Kinaray-a Assigned collective code [sai] (South Lower Tanudan Kalinga American Indian (Other)) Magindanao Pilipino Mamanwa USE Tagalog Mangyan Pima Mansaka Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Maranao American Indian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 113 Name Sequence

Pindi (Pende) Pokot USE Pende USE Suk Pingal Polabian USE Braj Assigned collective code [sla] (Slavic Pintupi (Other)) Assigned collective code [aus] Police Motu (Australian languages) USE Hiri Motu UF Bindubi Polish [pol] Pinyin Polovtsi Assigned collective code [nic] USE Kipchak (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Porno, Eastern Pipikoro USE Eastern Pomo USE Uma Porno, Southeastern Pipil USE Southeastern Pomo Assigned collective code [nah] Ponape [pon] (Nahuatl) Ponda UF Nahuat USE Lucazi Piratapuyo Pongwe Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Mpongwe American Indian (Other)) Popoloca Pirinda Assigned collective code [cai] (Central USE Matlatzinca American Indian (Other)) Piro (Arawakan) Popoluca, Highland USE Chontaquiro USE Sierra Popoluca Pisin Popoluca of Vera Cruz USE Tok Pisin USE Sierra Popoluca Pitjantjatjara Portuguese [por] Assigned collective code [aus] Portuguese-based Creoles and Pidgins (Other) (Australian languages) USE Creoles and Pidgins, Pitjara Portuguese-based (Other) USE Bidjara Potawatomi Plains Kachari Assigned collective code [alg] USE Bodo (Algonquian (Other)) Plang Poul USE Blang USE Fula Plattdeutsch Poular USE Low German USE Pular Podoko Pounou USE Paduko USE Punu Poitevin French Powhatan Assigned collective code [fre] (French) Assigned collective code [alg] UF French, Poitevin (Algonquin (Other)) Pokomam Prakrit languages [pra] Assigned collective code [myn] Collective code for: (Mayan languages) Magadhi Prakrit Pokonchi Sauraseni Assigned collective code [myn] (Mayan languages) page 114 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Provencal (to 1500) [pro] Purari UF Occitan, Old (to 1500) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Old Occitan (to 1500) (Other)) Old Provencal (to 1500) UF Eurika Proven9al, Modem (post-1500) Evora USE Occitan (post-1500) Iai (Papua New Guinea) Prussian Iare Assigned collective code [bat] (Baltic Kaimare (Other)) Kaura (Papua New Guinea) UF Old Prussian Kipaia Pujunan Koriki USE Maidu Maipua Pulang Namau USE Blang Purbutti Pular USE Nepali Assigned collective code [ful] (Fula) Purepecha UF Poular USE Tarascan Toucouleur Purupuru Tukolor Assigned collective code [sai] (South Pullon Mapun American Indian (Other)) USE Jama Mapun UF Paumari Puluwat Pushto [pus] Assigned collective code [map] UF Afghan (Austronesian (Other)) Pakhto Pume Pashto USE Yaruro Pwo Karen Punic Assigned collective code [kar] (Karen) Assigned collective code [phn] Qabardian (Phoenician) USE Kabardian Punjabi Qaqet USE Panjabi USE Baining Punu Qaraqalpaq Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Kara-Kalpak (Other)) Qollahuaya UF Bapounou USE Callahuaya Pounou Quechua [que] Puquina UF Inca Assigned collective code [sai] (South Kechua American Indian (Other)) Quichua Puquina (Chipaya) Runasimi USE Chipaya Also collective code for: Puquina (Urn) Huanca USE Uru Ingano Quekchi USE Kekchi Querene USE Tzotzil

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 115 Name Sequence

Quiche Rama Assigned collective code [myn] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Mayan languages) American Indian (Other)) UF Kiche Ramoaaina Utlateca Assigned collective code [map] Quichua (Austronesian (Other)) USE Quechua UF Malu (Papua New Guinea) Quileute Randile Assigned collective code [alg] USE Rendile .. (Algonquian (Other)) Rapanui [rap] Quinault Raramuri Assigned collective code [sal] USE Tarahumara (Salishan languages) Rarotongan [rar] Quioco UF Cook Islands Maori USE Chokwe Maori, Cook Islands Qung Also collective code for: USE !Xu Manihiki Rarotongan Rabinal Achi Rarotongan, Manihiki Assigned collective code [myn] USE Manihiki Rarotongan (Mayan languages) Rawa UF Achi, Rabinal Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Rade (Other)) Assigned collective code [cmc] UF Karo-Rawa (Chamic languages) Rawang UF Ede Assigned collective code [kac] Rhade (Kachin) Raeto-Romance [roh] Rebu UF Rhaeto-Romance USE Bobangi Collective code for: Redjang (Sumatra, Indonesia) Ladin USE Rejang (Sumatra, Indonesia) Romansh Rejang (Sumatra, Indonesia) Ragoli Assigned collective code [map] USE Logooli (Austronesian (Other)) Rajasthani [raj] UF Redjang (Sumatra, Indonesia) Also collective code for: Rendile Bagri Assigned collective code [cus] Gujuri (Cushitic (Other)) Harauti UF Randile Jaipuri Rengao Malvi Assigned collective code [mkh] Rajbangsi (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Assigned collective code [ben] Rennellese (Bengali) Assigned collective code [map] Rakhaing (Austronesian (Other)) USE Arakanese UF Bellonese Raluana Munggava USE Tolai

page 116 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Resigero Romany [rom] Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Gipsy American Indian (Other)) Gypsy Retuara Also collective code for: USE Tanimuca-Retuama Calo (Romany) Reunion French Creole Ron Assigned collective code [cpf] (Creoles Assigned collective code [afa] and Pidgins, French-based (Afroasiatic (Other)) (Other)) UF Chala UF French Creole, Reunion Run Rhade Rong USE Rade USE Lepcha Rhaeto-Romance Ronga USE Raeto-Romance Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Rikbaktsa (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF Landim American Indian (Other)) Shironga UF Aripaktsa Xironga Canoeiro Rongmei Riksmaal Assigned collective code [sit] USE Norwegian (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) River Van Kieu Roti USE Pacoh Assigned collective code [map] Roanoak (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [alg] UF Rottinese (Algonquian (Other)) Rotokas Roglai Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [cmc] (Other)) (Chamic languages) Rottinese Romagnol USE Roti Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) Rotuman Romance (Other) [roa] Assigned collective code [map] Collective code for: (Austronesian (Other)) Anglo-Norman Ruanda Aromanian USE Kinyarwanda Cajun French Rugara Franco- Venetian USE Buin Italian, Old (to 1300) Ruhaya Spanish, Old (to 1500) USE Haya Walloon Ruk Romanian [rum] USE Truk UF Rumanian Rukai Romansh Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [roh] (Austronesian (Other)) (Raeto-Romance) UF Drukai UF Grishun Rumanian Rumansh USE Romanian

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 117 Name Sequence

Rumansh Saberi USE Romansh Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Run (Other)) USE Ron UF Isirawa Runasimi Okwasar USE Quechua Sabu Rundi [run] USE Sawu UF Kirundi Sadan (Indonesia) Runyankore USE Toraja Sa’dan USE Nyankole Sadani Runyarwanda Assigned collective code [bho] USE Kinyarwanda (Bhojpuri) Russian [rus] UF Chota Nagpuri Russian, Old (to 1300) Dikkukaji Assigned collective code [sla] (Slavic Nagpuri (Bhojpuri) (Other)) Sadri UF East Slavic Sadong Old East Slavic USE Bukar Sadong Old Russian Sadri Russian, White USE Sadani USE Belarusian Sagada-Igorot Rusyn USE Northern Kankanay USE Carpatho-Rusyn Sagalla Ruthenian USE Taita USE Ukrainian Sahaptin Ruund USE Nez Perce Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Sahu (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Chiluwunda (Other)) Lunda, Northern Saija Luwunda USE Epena Saija Muatiamvua Sailau Northern Lunda USE Lushai Uruund Saint Lawrence Island Yupik Rwanda USE Yuit USE Kinyarwanda Saintongeais French Sabaean Assigned collective code [fre] (French) Assigned collective code [sem] UF French, Saintongeais (Semitic (Other)) Saixa Sabaot USE Epena Saija Assigned collective code [ssa] Saka (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) USE Khotanese Sahara Sakai, Central USE Sora USE Semai Sakai, Eastern USE Jah Hut Sakai, Northern USE Temiar page 118 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Sakai languages Sama Abaknon USE Senoic languages USE Abaknon Sakara Sama Banging! USE Nzakara USE Balangingi Sakata Sama Mapun Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Jama Mapun (Other)) Sama Pangutaran Saker USE Pangutaran Sama USE Mugil Sama Sibutu Sakha Assigned collective code [phi] USE Yakut (Philippine (Other)) Salampasu UF Sibutu Sama Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Southern Sama (Other)) Samar-Leyte UF Chisalampasu USE War ay Salar Samaritan Aramaic [sam] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Samaron (Other)) USE Waray Salish Sambal Botolan Assigned collective code [sal] USE Botolan Sambal (Salishan languages) Sambali Salishan languages [sal] Assigned collective code [phi] Collective code for: (Philippine (Other)) Bella Coola UF Zambal Colville Sambali Botolan Comox USE Botolan Sambal Kalispel Sambalpuri Lillooet Assigned collective code [ori] (Oriya) Ntlakyapamuk Sami [smi] Okanagan UF Lapp Quinault Sami, Northern Salish USE Northern Sami Sechelt Samo Shuswap Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Squawmish (Other)) Stalo UF Supe Saliva Samoan [smo] Assigned collective code [sai] (South Samtao American Indian (Other)) USE Blang Salt-Yui San Basilio del Palenque Spanish Creole USE Yui Assigned collective code [crp] (Creoles Salteaux and Pidgins (Other)) USE Ojibwa UF Palenquero (Colombia) Salur Spanish Creole, San Basilio del USE Gadaba (Dravidian) Palenque Sama (Indonesia) USE Bajau

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 119 Name Sequence

San languages Sara Assigned collective code [khi] Assigned collective code [ssa] (Khoisan (Other)) (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) UF Bushman languages UF Majingai-Ngama San Miguel Acatan Kanjobal Sara Dai USE Akatek USE Day (Chad) Sandawe [sad] Sara Gambai UF Kissandaui USE Gambai Wassandaui Sara-Majingai Sangen „ USE Majingai Assigned collective code [map] Sara Mbai (Moissala) (Austronesian (Other)) USE Mbai (Moissala) Sangihe Sara Ngama USE Sangir (Indonesia and USE Ngama Philippines) Sara Toumak Sangil USE Tumak Assigned collective code [map] Saraiki (Austronesian (Other)) USE Siraiki UF Sangire Saraka Sangir (Indonesia and Philippines) USE Tharaka Assigned collective code [map] Sarakole (Austronesian (Other)) USE Soninke UF Sangihe Saramaccan Sangire Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles USE Sangil and Pidgins, English-based Sango [sag] (Other)) Sanja Sarangani Manobo USE Damana Assigned collective code [mno] Sanskrit [san] (Manobo languages) Also collective code for: UF Culamanes Vedic Kulaman Santali [sat] Sardinian [srd] UF Sonthal Samami Hindi Santee USE Surinam Hindustani Assigned collective code [dak] Sarsi (Dakota) Assigned collective code [ath] Santu (Athapascan (Other)) USE Ntaandu Sasak [sas] Sanwi Satere Assigned collective code [nic] USE Maue (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Saulteaux Saora USE Ojibwa USE Sora Saurasen! Saposa Assigned collective code [pra] (Prakrit Assigned collective code [map] languages) (Austronesian (Other)) Savara Saptang USE Sora USE Batan

page 120 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Savu Sechuana USE Sawu USE Tswana Sawara Secoya USE Sora Assigned collective code [sai] (South Sawiyanu American Indian (Other)) USE Ama (Papua New Guinea) Sedang Sawos Assigned collective code [mkh] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Mon-Khmer (Other)) (Other)) Sedik UF Tshwosh Assigned collective code [map] Sawu (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Sazek (Austronesian (Other)) Seedik UF Havunese Shedekka Hawu Seedik Sabu USE Sedik Savu Sekani-Beaver Saxon, Old Assigned collective code [ath] USE Old Saxon (Athapascan (Other)) Sayaco Selepet USE Amahuaca Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Sazek (Other)) USE Sedik Selkup [sel] Sbalti UF Ostiak Samoyed USE Balti Semai Scots [sco] Assigned collective code [mkh] UF Lallans (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Lowland Scots UF Central Sakai Scottish Gaelic [gla] Sakai, Central UF Gaelic (Scots) Senoi Sea Dyak Semana USE Iban USE Sumbawa Sea Islands Creole Semang Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles Assigned collective code [mkh] and Pidgins, English-based (Mon-Khmer (Other)) (Other)) UF Kensiu UF Geechee Ngok Pa Gullah Semendo Sea Samal Assigned collective code [may] USE Balangingi (Malay) Sebondoy USE Camsa Sebuano USE Cebuano Sechelt Assigned collective code [sal] (Salishan languages) UF Seshelt

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 121 Name Sequence

Semitic (Other) [sem] Seri Collective code for: Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Ammonite American Indian (Other)) Canaanite Serian Eblaite USE Bukar Sadong Gurage Seshelt Harari USE Sechelt Mandean Sesuto Sabaean USE Sotho Sena - Seto Assigned collective code [bnt] USE Setu (Bantu (Other)) Setswana Senagi USE Tswana USE Anggor Setu Senari Assigned collective code [est] Assigned collective code [nic] (Estonian) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Seto UF Senufo Sgaw Karen Seneca Assigned collective code [kar] (Karen) Assigned collective code [iro] Shan [shn] (Iroquoian (Other)) Shan, Yunnanese Senga USE Tai Nua Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Shangaan (Other)) USE Tsonga UF Nsenga Shapra Senhadja USE Candoshi USE Zenaga Sharanahua Senoi Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Semai American Indian (Other)) Senoic languages UF Chandinahua Assigned collective code [mkh] Marinahua (Mon-Khmer (Other)) Sharpa UF Aslian languages, Central USE Sherpa Central Aslian languages Shavante Akwe Sakai languages USE Xavante Sentani Shawnee Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [alg] (Other)) (Algonquian (Other)) Senufo Shedekka USE Senari USE Sedik Sepedi Sheena USE Northern Sotho USE Shina Serawai Sheminawa Assigned collective code [map] USE Cashinawa (Austronesian (Other)) Serbian [see] Serer [srr]

page 122 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Sherbro Shoshoni Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Bullom, Southern Shuar Southern Bullom Assigned collective code [sai] (South Sherpa American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [tibj UF Jibaro, Shuar (Tibetan) Jivaro, Shuar UF Sharpa Xivaro, Shuar Shetimasha Shughni USE Chitimacha Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian Shi (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Shuli (Other)) USE Acoli UF Mashi Shuswap Nyabungu Assigned collective code [sal] Shilha (Salishan languages) Assigned collective code [berj (Berber Si-hia (Other)) USE Tangut UF Chleuh Siamese Solha USE Thai Tachelhait Siane Shimacu Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Urarina (Other)) Shina Siberian Yupik Assigned collective code [incj (Indie USE Yuit (Other)) Sibo UF Sheena Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Sina (Other)) Shipibo-Conibo UF Xive Assigned collective code [sail (South Sibondoy American Indian (Other)) USE Camsa UF Conibo Sibutu Sama Sipibo USE Sama Sibutu Shironga Sicilian Italian USE Ronga Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) Shitswa UF Italian, Sicilian USE Tswa Sicuane Shona [sna] Assigned collective code [sai] (South UF China (Africa) American Indian (Other)) Mashona UF Sikuani Shor Sidamo [sid] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Sie (Other)) USE Eromanga Shosho USE Birom

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 123 Name Sequence

Sierra Popoluca Sindhi [snd] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Also collective code for: American Indian (Other)) Kachchhi UF Highland Popoluca Sindhi Siraiki Popoluca, Highland USE Siraiki Sindhi Popoluca of Vera Cruz Singpho Sigi USE Kachin Assigned collective code [map] Sinhalese [sin] (Austronesian (Other)) Sino-Tibetan (Other) [sit] * UF Idja Collective code for: Sign languages [sgn] Abor Collective code for: Ao American Sign Language Apatani Australasian Signed English Arakanese British Sign Language Balti Sikkim Bhotia Bantawa USE Danjong-ka Bodo Sikkimese Chamling USE Danjong-ka Chang Sikololo Chepang USE Lozi Chinbon Siksika [bla] Chino UF Blackfoot Dafla Sikuani Danjong-ka USE Sicuane Digaro Siladang Dimasa Assigned collective code [may] Dungan (Malay) Gallong Simacu Garo USE Urarina Gurung Simba Haka Chin USE Himba Kabui Simelungun Kaw Assigned collective code [btk] (Batak) Khaling Simirenchi Kok Borok USE Chontaquiro Konyak Sina Kuki USE Shina Kusunda Sinagoro Ladakhi Assigned collective code [map] Lahu (Austronesian (Other)) Laizo (Burma) Sinama, Northern Lepcha USE Balangingi Limbu Sindangan Subanun Lisu USE Central Subanen Lopa Sindebele Magar USE Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Mikir Moklum page 124 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Sino-Tibetan (Other) (Cont.) Sipibo Monpa USE Shipibo-Conibo Miin Chin Siraiki Naxi Assigned collective code [lah] Node (Lahnda) Padam UF Lahnda, Southern Pai (China) Multani Paite Panjabi, Southern Rongmei Saraiki Sunwar Southern Lahnda Tamang Southern Panjabi Tangkhul Siraiki Hindkl Tangsa Assigned collective code [lah] Tangut (Lahnda) Thakali UF Siraiki Lahndi Thulung Siraiki Lahndi Tiddim Chin USE Siraiki Hindkl Vaiphei Siraiki SindhI Yao (Southeastern Asia) Assigned collective code [lah] Yi (Lahnda) Zang Zung UF Sindhi Siraiki Sio Siriano Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Austronesian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Siocan Subanon UF Chiranga USE Western Subanon Siroi Siona Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Sioni (Other)) Sioni UF Pasa Assigned collective code [sai] (South Suroi American Indian (Other)) Sissala UF Siona Assigned collective code [nic] Siouan (Other) [sio] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Collective code for: Sissano Biloxi Assigned collective code [map] Chiwere (Austronesian (Other)) Crow Siswati Dhegiha USE Swazi Hidatsa Siti Mandan USE Vagala Ofo Siwai Omaha Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Oto (Other)) Tutelo UF Motuna Winnebago Skittagetan Woccon USE Haida Sioux Skwamish USE Dakota USE Squawmish

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 125 Name Sequence

Slave [den] Songhai [son] Slavic (Other) [sla] Also collective code for: Collective code for: Dendi Cakavian Zarma Czech, Old (to 1500) Songye Kashubian USE Songe Polabian Soninke [snk] Russian, Old (to 1300) UF Sarakole Ukrainian, Old (ca. 1300-1700) Sonsorol-Tobi Slavonic, Old Church Assigned collective code [map] USE Church Slavic (Austronesian (Other)) Slovak [slo] UF Tobi Slovenian [slv] Sonthal UF Windic (Slovenian) USE Santali Slovenian, Old Sooloo USE Church Slavic USE Sulu Sobei Sora Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [mun] (Austronesian (Other)) (Munda (Other)) Sochile UF Sahara USE Ngonde Saora Soembawa Savara USE Sumbawa Sawara Sogdian [sog] Sorbian languages [wen] Soghaua UF Lusatian Sorbian languages USE Zaghawa Wendic languages Sokop Collective code for: Assigned collective code [map] Lower Sorbian (Austronesian (Other)) Upper Sorbian Sokte Sorko USE Tiddim Chin USE Bozo Solha Sorogo USE Shilha USE Bozo Somali [som] Soso Somba USE Susu Assigned collective code [nic] Sotho [sot] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Sesuto UF Betammadibe Southern Sotho Ditammari Suto Tamaba Sotho, Northern Sona (Papua New Guinea) USE Northern Sotho Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Soubiya (Other)) USE Subiya UF Kanasi Songe Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Other)) UF Songye page 126 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

South American Indian (Other) [sai] Choroti Collective code for: Chulupi Achagua Cocama Achuar Cofan Aguaruna Colorado Alacaluf Coreguaje Amahuaca Cuaiquer Amuesha Cubeo Andoque Cuiba Apalai Culina Arabela Cumana Araona Cuna Arecuna Damana Arekena Desana Bakairi Emerillon Baniwa Epena Saija Barasana del Norte Ese Ejja Barasana del Sur Fulnio Bora Goajiro Bororo (Brazil) Guahibo Cacua Guanano Caingua Guarayo Callahuaya Guayabero Campa Guayaki Camsa Hixkaryana Canamari (Tucanoan) Huambisa Canari Huao Candoshi lea Canella Ipurina Capanahua Iquito Caquinte Itonama Caraja Jaminaua Carapana (Tucanoan) Jupda Cashibo Kagaba Cashinawa Kaingang Catio Kariri Cavineno Karitiana Cayapa Lengua Cayapo Maca Chacobo Machiguenga Chami Macuna Chamicuro Mamainde Chayahuita Masacali Chimane Mascoi Chipaya Mashco Chiquito Mataco Chiriguano Maue Chontaquiro Mayoruna

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 127 Name Sequence

South American Indian (Other) (Cont.) Tucano Mbya Tucuna Moguex Tunebo Mojo Tupi Moro (South America) Tuyuca Moseten Urarina Motilon Uru Muinane Urubu Munduruku Waiwai Miinku Warao Murui Waunana . Nambicuara Witoto Nomatsiguenga Xavante Ocaina Yagua Orejon Yahgan Oyampi Yanomamo Paez Yaruro Palicur Yecuana Pamoa Yucuna Panare Yupa Panobo Yuruti Paraujano Zoro Paressi South Island Maori Parintintin Assigned collective code [mao] Patamona (Maori) Pemon UF Maori, South Island Piapoco South Toraja Pilaga USE Toraja Sa’dan Piratapuyo Southeastern Pomo Puquina Assigned collective code [nai] (North Purupuru American Indian (Other)) Resigero UF Pomo, Southeastern Rikbaktsa Southern Barasano Saliva USE Barasana del Sur Secoya Southern Bontoc Sharanahua Assigned collective code [phi] Shipibo-Conibo (Philippine (Other)) Shuar UF Barlig Bontoc Sicuane Bontoc, Southern Sioni Kadaklan Barlig Bontoc Siriano Southern Bullom Tacana (Bolivia) USE Sherbro Tanimuca-Retuama Southern Lahnda Tapirape USE Siraiki Tenetehara Southern Lendu Tenharim USE Ngiti Timucua Toba (Indian) page 128 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Southern Mofu Sranan Assigned collective code [afa] Assigned collective code [cpe] (Creoles (Afroasiatic (Other)) and Pidgins, English-based UF Mofu, Southern (Other)) Mofu-Gudur UF Taki-Taki Southern Paiute Sre Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [mkh] American Indian (Other)) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) UF Paiute, Southern Ssimaku Southern Panjabi USE Huambisa USE Siraiki Stalo Southern Sama Assigned collective code [sal] USE Sama Sibutu (Salishan languages) Southern Sotho UF Halkomelem USE Sotho Stieng Southern Subanen Assigned collective code [mkh] Assigned collective code [phi] (Mon-Khmer (Other)) (Philippine (Other)) Suaheli UF Lapuyan Subanen USE Swahili Margosatubig Subanun Suai Subanen, Southern USE Kui (Mon-Khmer) Southern Thai Suaru Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai USE Tani (Other)) Suau UF Pak Thai Assigned collective code [map] Thai, Southern (Austronesian (Other)) Soyot Sub-Saharan African (Other) USE Tuvinian USE Nilo-Saharan (Other) Spanish [spa] Subanen, Central UF Castilian USE Central Subanen Chicano Subanen, Southern Also collective code for: USE Southern Subanen Aragonese Spanish Subano Bable USE Subanun Cheso Subanon, Western Spanish, Aragonese USE Western Subanon USE Aragonese Spanish Subanun Spanish, Old (to 1500) Assigned collective code [phi] Assigned collective code [roa] (Philippine (Other)) (Romance (Other)) UF Subano UF Old Spanish Subanun, Sindangan Spanish Creole, San Basilio del Palenque USE Central Subanen USE San Basilio del Palenque Spanish Subarian Creole USE Hurrian Squawmish Assigned collective code [sal] (Salishan languages) UF Skwamish

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 129 Name Sequence

Subiya Sumbawa Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [map] (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) UF cilkuhane UF Semana Ikuhane Soembawa Soubiya Sumerian [sux] Sudest Sumo USE Tagula Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Suena American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Sundanese [sun] (Other)) Sunwar UF Yarawe Assigned collective code [sit] Yema (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Sugpiak Eskimo Supe USE Pacific Gulf Yupik USE Samo Suk Surin Khmer Assigned collective code [ssa] Assigned collective code [khm] (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) (Khmer) UF Pokot UF Khmer, Surin Suk (Eskimo) Surinam Hindustani USE Pacific Gulf Yupik Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie Suku (Congo) (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Aili-Gaili (Other)) Hindustani, Surinam Sukuma [suk] Samami Hindi UF Gwe Suroi Sulka USE Siroi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Sursurunga (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] Sulod (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [phi] Susian (Philippine (Other)) USE Elamite UF Mundu (Philippines) Susu [sus] Sulu UF SOSO Assigned collective code [phi] Suto (Philippine (Other)) USE Sotho UF Joloano Suwawa Moro Assigned collective code [map] Sooloo (Austronesian (Other)) Sumba UF Bunda (Indonesia) Assigned collective code [map] Svan (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [cau] Sumba, West (Caucasian (Other)) USE Wewewa

page 130 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Swahili [swa] Tagbana UF Suaheli Assigned collective code [nic] Also collective code for: (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Comorian Tagbanua Kae Assigned collective code [phi] Kingwana (Philippine (Other)) Swazi [ssw] UF Aborlan Tagbanwa UF Siswati Apurahuano Swedish [swe] Tagbo Swedish, Old (to 1550) USE Mambila Assigned collective code [gem] Tagish (Germanic (Other)) Assigned collective code [ath] UF Old Swedish (Athapascan (Other)) Sye Tagula USE Eromanga Assigned collective code [map] Sym-Ketish (Austronesian (Other)) USE Yugh UF Sudest Syriac [syr] Tahitian [tah] UF Neo-Syriac Tahltan Syryenian Assigned collective code [ath] USE Komi (Athapascan (Other)) Ta River Van Kieu Tai (Other) [tai] USE Katu Collective code for: Tabasaran Ahom Assigned collective code [cau] Be (Caucasian (Other)) Black Tai Tabla Khun USE Tanahmerah (Northeast Irian Lit Jay a) Lungming Tacana (Bolivia) Northern Thai Assigned collective code [sai] (South Southern Thai American Indian (Other)) Tai Niia Tachelhait Tay-Nung USE Shilha Tho Tadzhik T‘ung USE Tajik White Tai Tae’ Ya USE Toraja Sa’dan Yay Tagabili Tai, Black USE Tboli USE Black Tai Tagakaolo Tai, White Assigned collective code [phi] USE White Tai (Philippine (Other)) Tai Chung UF Kalagan, Tagakaolo USE Ya Tagalog [tgl] Tai Dam UF Filipino (Tagalog) USE Black Tai Pilipino Tai Khun USE Khiin

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 131 Name Sequence

Tai Lii Tamang USE Lii Assigned collective code [sit] Tai Noir (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Black Tai UF Murmi Tai Niia Tamashek [tmh] Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai UF Tuareg (Other)) Tamazight UF Dai Na Assigned collective code [ber] (Berber Dehong Dai (Other)) Shan, Yunnanese Tamboka Tay Niia USE Tumbuka Te-hung Tai Tame Yunnanese Shan USE Tunebo Tai Ya Tamil [tarn] USE Ya Tamprusi Tairora USE Tampulma Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Tampulma (Other)) Assigned collective code [nic] Taita (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Tamprusi (Other)) Tamuan UF Sagalla Assigned collective code [map] Teita (Austronesian (Other)) Tajik [tgk] Tanahmerah (Northeast Irian Jaya) UF Tadzhik Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Tak Meo (Other)) USE Hmong Njua UF Tabla Taki-Taki Tanaina USE Sranan USE Dena’ina Takudh Tanana, Upper USE Gwich’in USE Upper Tanana Takulli Tanga (Tanga Islands) USE Carrier Assigned collective code [map] Talaing (Austronesian (Other)) USE Mon Tangkhul Talaoed Assigned collective code [sit] USE Talaud (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Talaud UF Thankhul Assigned collective code [map] Tangsa (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [sit] UF Talaoed (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Talysh UF Tengsa Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian Tangut (Other)) Assigned collective code [sit] Tamaba (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Somba UF Hsi-hsia Tamainde Si-hia USE Mamainde

page 132 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Tani Tausug Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [phi] (Other)) (Philippine (Other)) UF Miami (Papua New Guinea) Tauya Miani Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Suaru (Other)) T animuca-Retuama UF Inafosa Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tavara (Papua New Guinea) American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Letuana (Austronesian (Other)) Retuara UF Kehelala Ufaina Tawala Yahuna Taven Tannu-Tuva USE Kaingang USE Tuvinian Tavgi Tanudan Kalinga, Lower USE Nganasan USE Lower Tanudan Kalinga Tawala Tapirape USE Tavara (Papua New Guinea) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tawoyan American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] Taposa (Austronesian (Other)) USE Toposa Tay Niia Tara Baaka USE Tai Niia USE Baka Tay-Nung Tarahumara Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Tayal UF Raramuri Assigned collective code [map] Tarang (Austronesian (Other)) USE Blagar UF Atayal Taraon Taying USE Digaro USE Digaro Tarascan Tboli Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [phi] American Indian (Other)) (Philippine (Other)) UF Michoacana UF Tagabili Phurhembe Tiboli Purepecha Tchetchen Targari USE Chechen USE Dargari Tchien Tat Assigned collective code [kro] Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian (Other)) (Other)) UF Gien Tatar [tat] Kien Tatar, Crimean Tie USE Crimean Tatar Tchikai Tatutapuyo USE Burarra USE Pamoa

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 133 Name Sequence

Tchuktchi Telei USE Chukchi USE Buin Te-hung Tai Teleut USE Tai Niia Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic Tebakang (Other)) USE Bukar Sadong Telugu [tel] Tebele UF Andhra USE Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Gentoo Teco (Cuitlateco) Telegu USE Cuitlateco Tem Teco (Mayan) Assigned collective code [nic] USE Tectiteco (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Teco (Tupi) UF Cotocoli USE Emerillon Kotokoli Tectiteco Tim Assigned collective code [myn] Tembe (Mayan languages) USE Tenetehara UF Teco (Mayan) Tembeta Teda USE Chiriguano Assigned collective code [ssa] Tembo (Sud-Kivu, Congo) (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu UF Toda (Africa) (Other)) Toubou UF KiTembo Tubu Temiar Tuda (Africa) Assigned collective code [mkh] Teduray (Mon-Khmer (Other)) USE Tiruray UF Northern Sakai Teen Sakai, Northern Assigned collective code [nic] Temne [tem] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Timne Teita Tenetehara USE Taita Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tejano American Indian (Other)) USE Coahuilteco UF Asurini Tejuka Guajajara USE Tuyuca Tembe Teke Tengsa Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Tangsa (Other)) Tenharim UF Balali Assigned collective code [sai] (South Ilali American Indian (Other)) Itio Teop Lali Assigned collective code [map] Telefol (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan UF Tiop (Other)) Telegu USE Telugu

page 134 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Tepehuan Tewa Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [cai] (Central American Indian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF O’dam Tewi Tepera USE Tepo Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Thai [tha] (Other)) UF Siamese Tepo Thai, Northern Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru USE Northern Thai (Other)) Thai, Southern UF Kroumen USE Southern Thai Tewi Thakali Tequistlateca Assigned collective code [sit] USE Chontal (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Tera Thangatti Assigned collective code [afa] Assigned collective code [aus] (Afroasiatic (Other)) (Australian languages) Terena [ter] UF Dangadi Teribe Thankhul USE Terraba USE Tangkhul Ternate Thap Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Katu (Other)) Tharaka Terraba Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [cai] (Central (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Saraka UF Teribe Thargari Tirribi USE Dargari Teso Thimagoa Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Timucua (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Thlingchadinne UF Ateso USE Dogrib Iteso Tho Tete Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Other)) (Other)) Thompson UF Nyai USE Ntlakyapamuk Nyungwe Thonga Tetela USE Tsonga Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Thulung (Other)) Assigned collective code [sit] Teton (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Lakota Tiapaneco Tetum [tet] USE Tlapanec UF Belu Tiatinagua Teu USE Ese Ejja USE Katu

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 135 Name Sequence

Tibetan [tib] Timputs UF Bhotanta USE Tinputz Bhutan Timucua Boutan Assigned collective code [sai] (South Also collective code for: American Indian (Other)) Kagate UF Atimuca Sherpa Thimagoa Tiboli Tomoco USE Tboli Tina Sambal Ticuna -• Assigned collective code [phi] USE Tucuna (Philippine (Other)) Tiddim Chin Tinata Tuna Assigned collective code [sit] USE Tolai (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Tinputz UF Chin, Tiddim Assigned collective code [map] Kamhau (Austronesian (Other)) Sokte UF Timputs Tidore Vasuii Assigned collective code [map] Wasoi (Austronesian (Other)) Tiop Tie USE Teop USE Tchien Tipura Tifal USE Kok Borok Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Tirhutia (Other)) USE Maithili Tigre [tig] Tirribi Tigrina USE Terraba USE Tigrinya Tiruray Tigrinya [tir] Assigned collective code [phi] UF Tigrina (Philippine (Other)) Tna UF Teduray Tikar Titinec Assigned collective code [nic] USE West Makian (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Tiv [tiv] Tikopia Tiwi (Melville Island) Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [aus] (Austronesian (Other)) (Australian languages) Tim Tjamoro USE Tern USE Chamorro Timbe Tjaru Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Djaru (Other)) Tjimba Timne USE Himba USE Temne Tjingili Timor USE Djingili Assigned collective code [map] Tjuave (Austronesian (Other)) USE Chuave UF Atoni page 136 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Tlahuica Tohono O’Odham USE Ocuiltec Assigned collective code [cai] (Central TIakluit American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [nai] (North UF Papago American Indian (Other)) Tojolabal UF Echeloot Assigned collective code [myn] Wishram (Mayan languages) Tlapanec UF Chanabal Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Tok Pisin [tpi] American Indian (Other)) UF Neo-Melanesian UF Chocho (Tlapanec) Pisin Tiapaneco Tokelauan [tkl] Tlingit [tli] Tokharian UF Koluschan Assigned collective code [ine] Also collective code for: (Indo-European (Other)) Tongass UF Kuchean Tna Turfanish USE Tigrinya Tol Toaripi USE Jicaque Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Tolai (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Motumotu (Austronesian (Other)) Toba (Indian) UF Blanche Bay Assigned collective code [sai] (South Gunantuna American Indian (Other)) Kuanua Toba-Batak New Britain Assigned collective code [btk] (Batak) Raluana Toba-Emok Tinata Tuna USE Mascoi Tuna Tobelo Tolaki Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [map] (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Tobi UF Kendari USE Sonsorol-Tobi Toolaki Tobote Tolou Assigned collective code [nic] USE Tondano (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Tolour UF Basari (Togo and Ghana) USE Tondano Toda (Africa) Tomba USE Teda USE Ntomba Toda (India) Tombo Assigned collective code [dra] USE Dogon (Dravidian (Other)) Tombulu UF Tuda (India) Assigned collective code [map] Tofingbe (Austronesian (Other)) Assigned collective code [ewe] UF Toumbulu (Ewe) Tomoco USE Timucua

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 137 Name Sequence

Tondano Toraja Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [map] (Austronesian (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Tolou UF Toradja Tolour Toraja Sa’dan Tonga (Inhambane) Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu (Austronesian (Other)) (Other)) UF Sadan (Indonesia) UF Gitonga South Toraja Tonga (Nyasa) [tog] Tae’ Tonga (Tonga Islands) Torbi USE Tongan USE Mambila Tonga (Tsonga) Toro USE Tsonga USE Tooro Tonga (Zambesi) Torrupan Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Jicaque (Other)) Totonac Tongan [ton] Assigned collective code [cai] (Central UF Tonga (Tonga Islands) American Indian (Other)) Tongass Toubou Assigned collective code [tli] (Tlingit) USE Teda Tonican Toucouleur USE Tunica USE Pular Tonka wa Toumak Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Tumak American Indian (Other)) Toumbulu Tonsea USE Tombulu Assigned collective code [map] Toura (Austronesian (Other)) USE Tura Toolaki Transvaal Ndebele USE Tolaki USE Ndebele (South Africa) Tooro Transvaal Sotho Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Northern Sotho (Other)) Traw UF Toro USE Cua Toposa Tripuri Assigned collective code [ssa] USE Kok Borok (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Trique UF Abo (Sudan) Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Akeroa American Indian (Other)) Dabossa Trobriand Huma (Sudan) USE Kiriwinian Kare (Sudan) Truk [chk] Khumi (Sudan) UF Chuukese Taposa Ruk Toradja Tsacela USE Toraja USE Colorado

page 138 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Tsaga Tswa USE Enga Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Tsakhur (Other)) Assigned collective code [cau] UF Kitswa (Caucasian (Other)) Shitswa Tsattine Xitswa Assigned collective code [ath] Tswana [tsn] (Athapascan (Other)) UF Bechuana Tschagatai Chuana USE Chagatai Coana Tschagga Cuana USE Chaga Cwana Tshi Sechuana USE Twi Setswana Tshivenda Tu USE Venda USE Mongour Tshwosh Tuamotuan USE Sawos Assigned collective code [map] Tsilkotin (Austronesian (Other)) USE Chilcotin UF Paumotu Tsimane Tuareg USE Chimane USE Tamashek Tsimihety Tuba Assigned collective code [mlg] USE Tuvinian (Malagasy) Tubetube Tsimshian [tsi] Assigned collective code [map] UF Zimshian (Austronesian (Other)) Tsiripa Tubu USE Chiripa USE Teda Tsogo Tuburi Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Assigned collective code [afa] (Other)) (Afroasiatic (Other)) UF Apindji UF Ndore Mitsogo Tupuri Tsolyani (Artificial language) Tucano Assigned collective code [art] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Artificial (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Tsonga [tso] UF Dagsexe UF Changana Dase Gwamba Tukano Shangaan Tucuna Thonga Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tonga (Tsonga) American Indian (Other)) Xitsonga UF Ticuna Tsova-Tush Tuda (Africa) USE Bats USE Teda Tuda (India) USE Toda (India)

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 139 Name Sequence

Tukano Tupi USE Tucano Assigned collective code [sai] (South Tukolor American Indian (Other)) USE Pular UF Neengatu Tukudh Tupuri USE Gwich’in USE Tuburi Tulu Tura Assigned collective code [dra] Assigned collective code [nic] (Dravidian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Tumak UF Toura Assigned collective code [afa] Turfanish (Afroasiatic (Other)) USE Tokharian UF Maga Turije’ne’ Sara Toumak USE Bajau Toumak Turkana Tumbuka [turn] Assigned collective code [ssa] UF Tamboka (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Tumpisa Turki, Eastern USE Panamint USE Uighur Tuna Turkic, Old USE Tolai USE Old Turkic Tunebo Turkish [tur] Assigned collective code [sai] (South Turkish, Old (to 1500) American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic UF Pedraza (Other)) Tame UF Anatolian Turkish, Old Tunen Old Anatolian Turkish Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Old Ottoman Turkish (Other)) Old Turkish UF Banen Ottoman Turkish, Old T‘ung Turkish, Ottoman [ota] Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai UF Osmanli (Other)) Ottoman Turkish UF Kam Turkmen [tuk] Tungak UF Turkoman USE Lavongai Turko-Bulgarian Tungus USE Bulgaro-Turkic USE Evenki Turko-Tataric (Other) Tunica USE Altaic (Other) Assigned collective code [nai] (North Turkoman American Indian (Other)) USE Turkmen UF Tonican Tuscarora Yoron Assigned collective code [iro] Yuron (Iroquoian (Other)) Tunni Tush Assigned collective code [cus] USE Bats (Cushitic (Other)) Tuski USE Chukchi

page 140 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Tutchokue Tzutuhil USE Chokwe Assigned collective code [myn] Tutelo (Mayan languages) Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan UF Zutuhil (Other)) Uaiuai Tuvaluan [tvl] USE Waiwai UF Ellicean Ualari Tuvinian [tyv] USE Yualyai UF Soyot Uanana Tannu-Tuva USE Guanano Tuba Uarequena Uriankhai USE Arekena Tuwali Ubani Assigned collective code [phi] USE Ibani (Philippine (Other)) Ubykh Tuwunro Assigned collective code [cau] Assigned collective code [nic] (Caucasian (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) UF Oubykh Tuyuca Ucayale Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Cocama American Indian (Other)) Uchee UF Dochkafuara USE Yuchi Tejuka Udekhe Twi [twi] Assigned collective code [tut] (Altaic UF Akuapem (Other)) Ashanti Udlam Chwee USE Uldeme Odschi Udmurt Tshi Assigned collective code [fiu] Twi-Fante (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) USE Akan UF Votiak Tyamuhi Votyak USE Camuhi Uduk Tyembara Assigned collective code [ssa] Assigned collective code [nic] (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Udzo Tzeltal USE Ijo Assigned collective code [myn] Ufaina (Mayan languages) USE Tanimuca-Retuama UF Celdal Ugalachmut Zendal USE Eyak Tzotzil Ugaritic [uga] Assigned collective code [myn] (Mayan languages) UF Chamula Querene Zotzil

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 141 Name Sequence

Uighur [uig] Umirey Agta UF Eastern Turki USE Dumagat (Umirey) Kashgar-Y arkend Umirey Dumagat Turki, Eastern USE Dumagat (Umirey) Uigur Umpila Uyghur Assigned collective code [aus] Wighor (Australian languages) Yarkend Umpqua, Lower Uigur USE Kuitsh USE Uighur Unalla Ukrainian [ukr] USE Iwaidji UF Ruthenian Unami jargon Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [crp] (Creoles Carpatho-Rusyn and Pidgins (Other)) Ukrainian, Old (ca. 1300-1700) Undetermined [und] Assigned collective code [sla] (Slavic Ungarinjin (Other)) USE Ngarinjin UF Old Ukrainian Uollaroi Ulcha USE Yualyai USE Olcha Upper Asaro Uldeme USE Asaro Assigned collective code [afa] Upper Bagobo (Afroasiatic (Other)) USE Manuvu UF Ouldeme Upper Circassian Udlam USE Kabardian Uzan Upper Musa Uleai USE Aneme Wake USE Woleai Upper Sorbian Ulithi Assigned collective code [wen] Assigned collective code [map] (Sorbian languages) (Austronesian (Other)) UF Eligh Sorbian Ulva Upper Tanana Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [ath] American Indian (Other)) (Athapascan (Other)) UF Woolwa UF Tanana, Upper Wulwa Upper Umpqua Uma Assigned collective code [ath] Assigned collective code [map] (Athapascan (Other)) (Austronesian (Other)) Urak Lawoi’ UF Pipikoro Assigned collective code [may] Umanakaina (Malay) USE Gwedena UF Chao Le Umbundu [umb] Orak Lawoi’ UF Kimbunda Orang Laut (Thailand and Mbundu (Benguela District, Malaysia) Angola) Uraon Nano USE Kurukh

page 142 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Urarina Uspanteca Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [myn] American Indian (Other)) (Mayan languages) UF Itucale Usurufa Shimacu USE Usarufa Simacu Ute Urartian Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Assigned collective code [cau] American Indian (Other)) (Caucasian (Other)) Utlateca UF Chaldean (Urartian) USE Quiche Khaldian Uturupa Vannic USE Usarufa Urdu [urd] Uvean, East UF Moorish (India) USE East Uvean Also collective code for: Uwadja Dakhini USE Iwaidji Uria Uyghur USE Orya USE Uighur Uriankhai Uzan USE Tuvinian USE Uldeme Urii Uzbek [uzb] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Uzbek, Old (Other)) USE Chagatai Uripiv Uzo Assigned collective code [map] USE Ijo (Austronesian (Other)) Vagala Uru Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Kira UF Puquina (Uru) Konosarola Urubu Siti Assigned collective code [sai] (South Vai [vai] American Indian (Other)) UF Vei Urum Vaiphei USE Greek Tatar Assigned collective code [sit] Urunyoro (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Nyoro UF Bhaipei Uruund Veiphei USE Ruund Valencian Catalan Usarufa Assigned collective code [cat] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Catalan) (Other)) UF Catalan, Valencian UF Usurufa Vannic Uturupa USE Urartian Usatl Vasuii USE Ossetic USE Tinputz Vatjan USE Votic

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 143 Name Sequence

Veddah (Sinhalese) Votic [vot] Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie UF Vatjan (Other)) Vote Vedic Votian Assigned collective code [san] Votish (Sanskrit) Votish UF Indie, Old USE Votic Old Indie Votyak Vei USE Udmurt Ose Vai Voute Veiphei USE Mbum USE Vaiphei Vulgar Latin Venda [ven] USE Latin UF Benda (Bantu) Vute Tshi venda USE Mbum Wenda Wa Venetian Italian Assigned collective code [mkh] Assigned collective code [ita] (Italian) (Mon-Khmer (Other)) UF Italian, Venetian Wa-jibi Venetic USE Guahibo Assigned collective code [ine] Waffa (Indo-European (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Veps (Other)) Assigned collective code [fiu] Wagap (Finno-Ugrian (Other)) USE Camuhi Vietnamese [vie] Wagaya UF Annamese USE Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) Vige Waiapi Assigned collective code [nic] USE Oyampi (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) Waidjewa Vikol USE Wewewa USE Bikol Wailpi Viti Assigned collective code [aus] USE Fijian (Australian languages) Vogul UF Adnyamatana USE Mansi Atynyamatana Volapiik [vol] Wailu Vollamo USE Ajie USE Walamo Wain Volof USE Nabak USE Wolof Waiwai Vote Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Votic American Indian (Other)) Votiak UF Uaiuai USE Udmurt Wajapi Votian USE Oyampi USE Votic

page 144 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Wakashan languages [wak] Wanana Collective code for: USE Guanano Bella Bella Wandala Haisla USE Mandara Heiltsuk Wandamen Kwakiutl Assigned collective code [map] Nitinat (Austronesian (Other)) Nootka UF Windesi Wakhi Wondama Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian Wandarang (Other)) Assigned collective code [aus] Walai (Australian languages) USE Masa (Chadic) UF Andarang Walamo [wal] Nawariyi UF Vollamo Wan’guri Welamo Assigned collective code [aus] Wolamo (Australian languages) Wolataita UF Wonguri Walapai Wanka USE Hualapai USE Huanca Walbiri Wantoat Assigned collective code [aus] Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan (Australian languages) (Other)) Wallaroi Waorani USE Yualyai USE Huao Wallisian Wappo USE East Uvean Assigned collective code [nai] (North Walloon American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [roa] Warao (Romance (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Walmatjari American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [aus] UF Guarauno (Australian languages) Warrau UF Wolmaharry Waray [war] Wulumari UF Leytean Walser Samar-Leyte Assigned collective code [gem] Samaron (Germanic (Other)) Warekena Walu USE Arekena USE Ngizim Warrau Walwen USE Warao USE Kipchak Washkuk Wambisa Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Huambisa (Other)) Wampanoag UF Kwoma Assigned collective code [alg] Washo [was] (Algonquian (Other))

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 145 Name Sequence

Wasi West Futuna Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Futuna-Aniwa (Other)) West Makian Wasoi Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Tinputz (Other)) Wassandaui UF Desite USE Sandawe Makian, West Wastek Titinec USE Huastec West Saxon Watapor USE English, Old (ca. 450-1100) USE Anggor West Sumba Watoto USE Wewewa USE Oto Western Bontoc Waunana USE Northern Kankanay Assigned collective code [sai] (South Western Bukidnon Manobo American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [mno] UF Chanco (Manobo languages) Chocama UF Bukidnon Manobo, Western Noanama Central Manobo Wawi Central Mindanao Manobo USE Dida Western Desert Wayao Assigned collective code [aus] USE Yao (Australian languages) Wee Western Eskimo languages USE Gere USE Yupik languages Welamo Western Kanjobal USE Walamo USE Akatek Welsh [wel] Western Luba UF Cymric USE Luba-Lulua Welsh, Middle (ca. 1100-1400) Western Pahari Assigned collective code [cel] (Celtic USE Himachali (Other)) Western Panjabi UF Middle Welsh (ca. 1100-1400) USE Lahnda Welsh, Old (to 1100) Western Subanon Assigned collective code [cel] (Celtic Assigned collective code [phi] (Other)) (Philippine (Other)) UF Old Welsh (to 1100) UF Siocan Subanon Wenda Subanon, Western USE Venda Wewewa Wendic languages Assigned collective code [map] USE Sorbian languages (Austronesian (Other)) Were UF Sumba, West Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Waidjewa (Other)) West Sumba West Alaska Eskimo USE Central Yupik West Circassian USE Adygei

page 146 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

White Hmong Wishram Assigned collective code [hmn] USE Tlakluit (Hmong) Witoto UF Hmong, White Assigned collective code [sai] (South Hmong Daw American Indian (Other)) Miao, White UF Huitoto White Miao Wiwa White Miao USE Damana USE White Hmong Wiyot White Mountain Apache Assigned collective code [nai] (North Assigned collective code [apa] (Apache American Indian (Other)) languages) Wo White Russian USE Bassari USE Belarusian Wobe White Tai Assigned collective code [kro] (Kru Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai (Other)) (Other)) UF Ouobe UF Tai, White Woccon Wichita Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan Assigned collective code [nai] (North (Other)) American Indian (Other)) Wogu Wighor USE Bahinemo USE Uighur Woisika Wik-Munkan Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Assigned collective code [aus] (Other)) (Australian languages) Wolamo UF Munggan USE Walamo Wikchamni Wolataita Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Walamo American Indian (Other)) Woleai UF Wukchamni Assigned collective code [map] Wimbum (Austronesian (Other)) USE Limbum UF Uleai Wina Wolio USE Desana Assigned collective code [map] Windesi (Austronesian (Other)) USE Wandamen Wolmaharry Windic (Slovenian) USE Walmatjari USE Slovenian Wolof [wol] Winnebago UF Jaloof Assigned collective code [sio] (Siouan Jolof (Other)) Ouolof Wintu Volof Assigned collective code [nai] (North Yolof American Indian (Other)) Also collective code for: Wiru Lebou Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Wondama (Other)) USE Wandamen

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 147 Name Sequence

Wonguri Xitsonga USE Wan’guri USE Tsonga Woolwa Xitswa USE Ulva USE Tswa Worora Xivaro, Shuar Assigned collective code [aus] USE Shuar (Australian languages) Xive Wotapuri-Katarqalai USE Sibo Assigned collective code [inc] (Indie !Xo - (Other)) Assigned collective code [khi] UF Katarqalai (Khoisan (Other)) Wubuy UF Gxon USE Nunggubuyu Hua-owani Wukchamni !Ko (Botswana and Namibia) USE Wikchamni Koon Wulumari Magong USE Walmatjari !Xong (Botswana and Namibia) Wulwa IXong (Botswana and Namibia) USE Ulva USE !Xo Wuna Xosa USE Muna USE Xhosa Wungarinjin !Xu USE Ngarinjin Assigned collective code [khi] Wyandot (Khoisan (Other)) Assigned collective code [iro] UF !Hu (Iroquoian (Other)) !Kung UF Huron Qung Xanty Ya USE Khanty Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Xaracuu (Other)) USE Anesu UF Tai Chung Xavante Tai Ya Assigned collective code [sai] (South Yabim American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [map] UF Acuan-Shavante (Austronesian (Other)) Akwe-Shavante UF Jabem Chavante Acuan Yabiyufa Oti Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Shavante Akwe (Other)) Xhosa [xho] UF Jafijufa UF isiXhosa Yabuba Kafir USE Dan Xosa Yacouba Xicaque USE Dan USE Jicaque Xironga USE Ronga

page 148 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Yagaria Yamalele Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Iamalele (Other)) Yambo UF Frigano Jate USE Anuak Kami (Papua New Guinea) Yamdena Yagua Assigned collective code [map] Assigned collective code [sai] (South (Austronesian (Other)) American Indian (Other)) UF Jamdena UF Yegua Yamegi Yahgan USE Kara (Central African Republic Assigned collective code [sai] (South and Sudan) American Indian (Other)) Yaminahua UF Jagane USE Jaminaua Yahi Yandjinung Assigned collective code [nai] (North USE Djinang American Indian (Other)) Yangoru Yahthe Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan USE Fulnio (Other)) Yahuna Yankton USE Tanimuca-Retuama Assigned collective code [dak] Yaka (Cameroon and Central African Republic) (Dakota) USE Kako Yanomamo Yaka (Congo and Angola) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu American Indian (Other)) (Other)) Yanzi UF Iaka Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Yakama (Other)) Assigned collective code [nai] (North Yao [yao] American Indian (Other)) UF Adjaua UF Yakima Ajawa Yakan Ayo Assigned collective code [phi] Chi-yao (Philippine (Other)) Djao Yakima Hiao USE Yakama Wayao Yako Yao (Southeastern Asia) Assigned collective code [nic] Assigned collective code [sit] (Niger-Kordofanian (Other)) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) UF Ko UF Mien Luko Yaounde Yakut [sah] USE Ewondo UF Jakut Yapese [yap] Sakha Yaqui Also collective code for: Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Dolgan American Indian (Other)) Yama Yaracuu USE Kara (Central African Republic USE Anesu and Sudan)

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 149 Name Sequence

Yarawe Yemba USE Suena Assigned collective code [bai] Yareba (Bamileke languages) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Yemsa (Other)) Assigned collective code [afa] Yariba (Afroasiatic (Other)) USE Yoruba UF Janjero Yarkend Yenisei-Ostiak USE Uighur USE Ket Yaruro - Yerraleroi Assigned collective code [sai] (South USE Yualyai American Indian (Other)) Yessan-Mayo UF Llaruro Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Pume (Other)) Yuapin UF Mayo (New Guinea) Yate (Brazil) Yi USE Fulnio Assigned collective code [sit] Yate (Papua New Guinea) (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) USE Inoke UF Lolo (China) Yau Nosu Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Yiddish [yid] (Other)) UF Judeo-German Yaunde Yidiny USE Ewondo Assigned collective code [aus] Yawyin (Australian languages) USE Lisu Yindjibamdi Yay USE Jindjibandji Assigned collective code [tai] (Tai Yiru (Other)) USE Nali UF Giay Yiwadja Nhang USE Iwaidji Yazghulami Yofuaha Assigned collective code [ira] (Iranian USE Choroti (Other)) Yola Yecuana USE Diola Assigned collective code [sai] (South Yolof American Indian (Other)) USE Wolof UF Maquiritare Yombe Yegua Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu USE Yagua (Other)) Yeh UF Kiombe USE Jeh Luango Yekhee Yoron USE Etsako USE Tunica Yema USE Suena

page 150 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Name Sequence

Yoruba [yor] Yukaghir UF Aku Assigned collective code [mis] Eyo (Miscellaneous languages) Nago UF Jukaghir Yariba Yukaliwa Yowalri USE Kiliwa USE Yualyai Yuki Yualyai Assigned collective code [nai] (North Assigned collective code [aus] American Indian (Other)) (Australian languages) Yulu UF Euahlayi Assigned collective code [ssa] Jualjai (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) Ualari Yumba Uollaroi USE Colorado Wallaroi Yuna Yerraleroi USE Duna Yowalri Yunnanese Shan Yuwaalaraay USE Tai Niia Yuan Yupa USE Northern Thai Assigned collective code [sai] (South Yuapin American Indian (Other)) USE Yaruro Yupe Yucatecan USE Motilon USE Maya Yupik languages [ypk] Yuchi UF Eskimo languages, Western Assigned collective code [nai] (North Western Eskimo languages American Indian (Other)) Collective code for: UF Uchee Central Yupik Yucuna Pacific Gulf Yupik Assigned collective code [sai] (South Yuit American Indian (Other)) Yurak UF Matapi USE Nenets Yugh Yuron Assigned collective code [mis] USE Tunica (Miscellaneous languages) Yuruti UF Sym-Ketish Assigned collective code [sai] (South Yui American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [paa] (Papuan Yuwaalaraay (Other)) USE Yualyai UF Salt-Yui Zaghawa Yuit Assigned collective code [ssa] Assigned collective code [ypk] (Nilo-Saharan (Other)) (Yupik languages) UF Beri-aa UF Asiatic Eskimo Berri Eskimo, Asiatic Kebadi Saint Lawrence Island Yupik Merida Siberian Yupik Soghaua Zeghawa

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 151 Name Sequence

Zaklohpakap Zimba USE Mam USE Nzima Zambal Zimshlan USE Sambali USE Tsimshian Zamboangueno Zoque USE Chabacano Assigned collective code [cai] (Central Zanaki American Indian (Other)) Assigned collective code [bnt] (Bantu Zero (Other)) Assigned collective code [sai] (South Zande fznd] American Indian (Other)) UF Azande Zotzil Nyam-Nyam USE Tzotzil Also collective code for: Zulgo Nzakara Assigned collective code [afa] Zang Zung (Afroasiatic (Other)) Assigned collective code [sit] UF Zelgwa (Sino-Tibetan (Other)) Zulu [zul] UF Zhang-Zhung Zungi Zapotec [zap] USE Ao Zarma Zungle Assigned collective code [son] USE Limbum (Songhai) Zuni [zun] UF Djerma Zutuhil Dyerma USE Tzutuhil Zerma Zwingi Zazere USE Ao USE Kulango Zyrian Zeghawa USE Komi USE Zaghawa Zelgwa USE Zulgo Zema USE Nzima Zenaga [zen] UF Senhadja Zend USE Avestan Zendal USE Tzeltal Zerma USE Zarma Zhang-Zhung USE Zang Zung Zhuang [zha] UF Chuang Ziba USE Haya

page 152 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Code Sequence PART II: CODE SEQUENCE

aar Afar ben Bengali abk Abkhaz ber Berber (Other) ace Achinese bho Bhojpuri ach Acoli bih Bihari ada Adangme bik Bikol afa Afroasiatic (Other) bin Bini afh Afrihili (Artificial language) bis Bislama afr Afrikaans bla Siksika -ajm Aljamia bnt Bantu (Other) aka Akan bos Bosnian akk Akkadian bra Braj alb Albanian bre Breton ale Aleut btk Batak alg Algonquian (Other) bua Buriat amh Amharic bug Bugis ang English, Old (ca. 450-1100) bul Bulgarian apa Apache languages bur Burmese ara Arabic cad Caddo arc Aramaic cai Central American Indian (Other) arm Armenian -cam Khmer arn Mapuche car Carib arp Arapaho cat Catalan art Artificial (Other) cau Caucasian (Other) arw Arawak ceb Cebuano asm Assamese cel Celtic (Other) ath Athapascan (Other) cha Chamorro aus Australian languages chb Chibcha ava Avaric che Chechen ave Avestan chg Chagatai awa Awadhi chi Chinese aym Aymara chk Truk aze Azerbaijani chm Mari bad Banda chn Chinook jargon bai Bamileke languages cho Choctaw bak Bashkir chp Chipewyan bal Baluchi chr Cherokee bam Bambara chu Church Slavic ban Balinese chv Chuvash baq Basque chy Cheyenne bas Basa cmc Chamic languages bat Baltic (Other) cop Coptic bej Bej a cor Cornish bel Belarusian cos Corsican bem Bemba cpe Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other)

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 153 Code Sequence

cpf Creoles and Pidgins, French-based (Other) fry Frisian cpp Creoles and Pidgins, Portuguese-based ful Fula (Other) fur Friulian ere Cree gaa Ga crp Creoles and Pidgins (Other) -gae Scottish Gaelic cus Cushitic (Other) -gag Galician cze Czech -gal Oromo dak Dakota gay Gayo dan Danish gba Gbaya day Dayak gem Germanic (Other) del Delaware geo Georgian den Slave ger German dgr Dogrib gez Ethiopic din Dinka gil Gilbertese div Divehi gla Scottish Gaelic doi Dogri gle Irish dra Dravidian (Other) gig Galician dua Duala glv Manx dum Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350) gmh German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500) dut Dutch goh German, Old High (ca. 750-1050) dyu Dyula gon Gondi dzo Dzongkha gor Gorontalo efi Efik got Gothic egy Egyptian grb Grebo eka Ekajuk gre Greek, Ancient (to 1453) elx Elamite gre Greek, Modem (1453-) eng English grn Guarani enm English, Middle (1100-1500) -gua Guarani epo Esperanto guj Gujarati -esk Eskimo languages gwi Gwich’in -esp Esperanto hai Haida est Estonian hau Hausa -eth Ethiopic haw Hawaiian ewe Ewe heb Hebrew ewo Ewondo her Herero fan Fang hil Hiligaynon fao Faroese him Himachali -far Faroese hin Hindi fat Fanti hit Hittite flj Fijian hmn Hmong fin Finnish hmo Hiri Motu flu Finno-Ugrian (Other) hun Hungarian fon Fon hup Hupa fre French iba Iban -fri Frisian ibo Igbo frm French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600) ice Icelandic fro French, Old (ca. 842-1400) ijo Ijo

page 154 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Code Sequence

iku Inuktitut kum Kumyk ile Interlingue kur Kurdish ilo Iloko -kus Kusaie ina Interlingua (International Auxiliary kut Kutenai Language Association) lad Ladino inc Indie (Other) lah Lahnda ind Indonesian lam Lamba ine Indo-European (Other) -Ian Occitan (post-1500) -int Interlingua (International Auxiliary lao Lao Language Association) -lap Sami ipk Inupiaq lat Latin ira Iranian (Other) lav Latvian • • -in Irish lez Lezgian iro Iroquoian (Other) lin Lingala ita Italian lit Lithuanian jav Javanese lol Mongo-Nkundu jpn Japanese loz Lozi jpr Judeo-Persian Itz Letzeburgesch jrb Judeo-Arabic lua Luba-Lulua kaa Kara-Kalpak lub Luba-Katanga kab Kabyle lug Ganda kac Kachin lui Luiseno kal Kalatdlisut lun Lunda kam Kamba luo Luo (Kenya and Tanzania) kan Kannada lus Lushai kar Karen mac Macedonian kas Kashmiri mad Madurese kau Kanuri mag Magahi kaw Kawi mah Marshall kaz Kazakh mai Maithili kha Khasi mak Makasar khi Khoisan (Other) mal Malayalam khm Khmer man Mandingo kho Khotanese mao Maori kik Kikuyu map Austronesian (Other) kin Kinyarwanda mar Marathi kir Kyrgyz mas Masai kmb Kimbundu -max Manx kok Konkani may Malay kom Komi mdr Mandar kon Kongo men Mende kor Korean mga Irish, Middle (ca. 1100-1550) kos Kusaie mic Micmac kpe Kpelle min Minangkabau kro Kru mis Miscellaneous languages kru Kurukh mkh Mon-Khmer (Other) kua Kuanyama -mla Malagasy

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 155 Code Sequence

mlg Malagasy pan Panjabi mlt Maltese pap Papiamento mnc Manchu pau Palauan mni Manipuri peo Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.) mno Manobo languages per Persian moh Mohawk phi Philippine (Other) mol Moldavian phn Phoenician mon Mongolian pli Pali mos Moore pol Polish mul Multiple languages pon Ponape rnun Munda (Other) por Portuguese mus Creek pra Prakrit languages mwr Marwari pro Provencal (to 1500) myn Mayan languages pus Pushto nah Nahuatl que Quechua nai North American Indian (Other) r»j Rajasthani nau Nauru rap Rapanui nav Navajo rar Rarotongan nbl Ndebele (South Africa) roa Romance (Other) nde Ndebele (Zimbabwe) roh Raeto-Romance ndo Ndonga rom Romany nep Nepali rum Romanian new Newari run Rundi nia Nias rus Russian nic Niger-Kordofanian (Other) sad Sandawe niu Niuean sag Sango non Old Norse sah Yakut nor Norwegian sai South American Indian (Other) nso Northern Sotho sal Salishan languages nub Nubian languages sam Samaritan Aramaic nya Nyanja san Sanskrit nym Nyamwezi -sao Samoan nyn Nyankole sas Sasak nyo Nyoro sat Santali nzi Nzima see Serbian oci Occitan (post-1500) SCO Scots °ji Ojibwa scr Croatian ori Oriya sel Selkup orm Oromo sem Semitic (Other) osa Osage sga Irish, Old (to 1100) OSS Ossetic sgn Sign languages ota Turkish, Ottoman shn Shan oto Otomian languages -sho Shona paa Papuan (Other) sid Sidamo Pag Pangasinan sin Sinhalese pal Pahlavi sio Siouan (Other) pam Pampanga sit Sino-Tibetan (Other)

page 156 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Code Sequence

sla Slavic (Other) tli Tlingit slo Slovak tmh Tamashek slv Slovenian tog Tonga (Nyasa) sme Northern Sami ton Tongan smi Sami tpi Tok Pisin smo Samoan -tru Truk sna Shona tsi Tsimshian snd Sindhi tsn Tswana -snh Sinhalese tso Tsonga snk Soninke -tsw Tswana sog Sogdian tuk Turkmen som Somali turn Tumbuka son Songhai tur Turkish sot Sotho tut Altaic (Other) spa Spanish tvl Tuvaluan srd Sardinian twi Twi srr Serer tyv Tuvinian ssa Nilo-Saharan (Other) uga Ugaritic -sso Sotho nig Uighur ssw Swazi ukr Ukrainian suk Sukuma umb Umbundu sun Sundanese und Undetermined sus Susu urd Urdu sux Sumerian uzb Uzbek swa Swahili vai Vai swe Swedish ven Venda -swz Swazi vie Vietnamese syr Syriac vol Volapiik -tag Tagalog vot Votic tah Tahitian wak Wakashan languages tai Tai (Other) wal Walamo -taj Tajik war Waray tam Tamil was Washo -tar Tatar wel Welsh tat Tatar wen Sorbian languages tel Telugu wol Wolof tem Temne xho Xhosa ter Terena yao Yao tet Tetum yap Yapese tgk Tajik yid Yiddish tgl Tagalog yor Yoruba tha Thai ypk Yupik languages tib Tibetan zap Zapotec zen Zenaga tig Tigre zha Zhuang tir Tigrinya znd Zande tiv Tiv zul Zulu tkl Tokelauan zun Zuni

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 157 Code Sequence

page 158 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages Appendix A

APPENDIX A: CHANGES

This appendix contains additions and changes to the MARC Code List for Languages included since the 1996 edition.

PARTI: NEW CODES

New MARC code Previous collective code Language name aar cus Afar abk cau Abkhaz aus paa Australian languages bih inc Bihari bos scr Bosnian bua tut Buriat chm fiu Mari chp ath Chipewyan cos * Corsican den ath Slave dgr ath Dogrib dzo sit Dzongkha fur roh Friulian gwi ath Gwich’in hit ine Hittite iku esk Inuktitut ile * Interlingue ipk esk Inupiaq kal esk Kalatdlisut kom fiu Komi kum tut Kumyk lez cau Lezgian ltz * Letzeburgesch mga cel Irish, Middle (ca. 1100-1550) mnc tut Manchu nbl bnt Ndebele (South Africa) phn sem Phoenician sah tut Yakut sga cel Irish, Old (to 1100) * sme Northern Sami srd roa Sardinian tyv tut Tuvinian vol art Volapiik ypk esk Yupik languages zha tai Zhuang

* = No collective code has been assigned

MARC Code List for Languages February 2000 page 159 Appendix A

PART II: CHANGED CODES

Old MARC code New MARC code Language name cam khm Khmer esp epo Esperanto eth gez Ethiopic 'far fao Faroese fri fry Frisian gae gla Scottish Gaelic gag gig Galician gal orm Oromo gua gm Guarani int ina Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) iri gle Irish kus kos Kusaie lan oci Occitan (post-1500) lap smi Sami max glv Manx mla mlg Malagasy sao smo Samoan sho sna Shona snh sin Sinhalese sso sot Sotho swz ssw Swazi tag tgl Tagalog taj tgk Tajik tar tat Tatar tru chk Truk tsw tsn Tswana

PART III: DELETED CODES

Old MARC code Language name esk Eskimo languages

page 160 February 2000 MARC Code List for Languages

ISBN 0-8444-1012-8