ECOLOCATION

Protected Species Surveys for Development

Ryton Organic Gardens Wolston Lane Ryton-on-Dunsmore CV8 3LG 02476 217727 www.gbae.co.uk [email protected]

Ecological Appraisal

of

Land at Water Orton Lane WHS Plastics Ltd. Water Orton Lane B76 9BG

For

Framptons and WHS Plastics Ltd. (13th October 2014)

2014-08(12) Revision A

ECOLOCATION is a trading style of George Burton ARCHITECTURE & ECOLOGY Ltd. Incorporated in , Registered No. 6458127.

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Contents

Summary

1. Introduction

2. Legislation

3. Desktop Study

4. Results & Evaluation

5. Conclusion

6. Recommendations

7. References

8. Appendix

Report Author: Casey Griffin Grad. CIEEM Report Date:13/10/2014 Quality checked by: Anna Swift, MSc, MCIEEM Quality check date: 13/10/2014 Revision A date: 09/02/2015

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Summary

• An Ecological Appraisal of an area of land adjacent to an existing warehouse off Water Orton Lane in Minworth, West Midlands was carried out on 25h September 2014.

• The proposed development was to include the extension of an existing warehouse/factory unit and associated yard.

• The data search revealed a portion of the site to fall within Water Orton Sidings, a selected potential Local Wildlife Site. This information revealed that Water Orton Sidings previously had a diverse flora association. A view of the site on Google Earth indicated that the site has been scrub/woodland since at least 1999 and has remained in this state until at least June 2013 when the last Google Earth aerial was taken. The presence of the scrub/woodland is likely to have reduced the diversity of the botany present.

• The site was comprised of two sections, the existing yard adjacent the warehouse/factory unit and an area directly to the east of this which had recently been cleared of vegetation. Bordering the site to the immediate north lay a watercourse which formed part of the assessment. Directly to the south of the site ran the to Nuneaton railway line.

• A detailed assessment of the site revealed the habitats within its bounds to be of low ecological value to support protected and notable species. The watercourse and railway which lay adjacent the site were however considered suitable for use as wildlife corridors, providing good connectivity for species commuting through the wider landscape.

• It is therefore recommended that buffer zones be in place during and post development in order to deter wildlife from entering the site during the construction phase as well as promote the re-colonisation of previously recoded botany. In addition to these buffer zones sensitive working practices have been recommended to ensure minimal disturbance to local wildlife

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

1. Introduction

Instruction

ECOLOCATION were commissioned by Framptons on behalf of W. H. Smith and Sons to undertake an ecological assessment of an area of former railway goods yard adjacent W. H. Smith and Sons warehouse and factory unit off Water Orton Lane, Minworth in the West Midlands which is understood will be subject to a future planning application for extension of the current warehouse factory unit.

Survey Aims

The aims of the survey were to:

• Provide a description of the habitats present on site • Identify the potential for the presence of protected species on site • Determine the need for further ecological surveys • Assess the ecological impact of the proposals • Identify any ecological constraints/opportunities on site

Scope

The survey sought to identify the potential for protected species on site including:

• Badger (Meles meles) - areas that might be used for foraging and sett building. Incidental foraging signs, tree scratching, paths, latrines and setts were recorded if found (Harris et al., 1989). A 30m buffer of the whole site was also surveyed, where practicable, most of which was viewed from the Site boundaries. • Reptiles - areas that could be used for insolation, shelter, foraging and breeding. • Bats – suitable trees and natural features for roosting together with suitable roosting opportunities within buildings on site. • Birds - areas of habitat/structures that may be used for constructing a nest or for foraging. • Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) – evidence including droppings and suitable foraging and sheltering habitat. • Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) - suitable habitat such as arable fields and rough field margins together with individual animals. • Polecat (Mustela putorious) - evidence of the presence of suitable habitat such as woodland, riverbank and surrounding farmland mosaic. • Otter – (Lutra lutra) evidence of spraints together with suitable habitat for holt construction such as wet woodland. • White-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) – evidence of suitable substrate such as a stoney stream bed and evidence of small D-shaped burrows in the riverbank above and below the water line. • Water vole (Arvicola amphibious) – evidence of burrows, latrines and feeding remains as well as individuals.

The site was separated from the nearest pond by a flowing watercourse resulting in the Site being considered unsuitable for great crested newts therefore this species was not included in the survey.

The lack of suitable hedgerows connected to suitable structured woodland with flowering and fruiting species resulted in the site being unsuitable for dormice, therefore this species was not included in the survey.

The lack of suitable habitat such as arable fields and stiff-grassed meadows results in harvest mice being scoped out of this survey.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

2. Site

Site location

The site (grid ref. SP 17104 91266) was located adjacent the industrial units of W. H. Smiths and Sons off Water Orton Lane which lies on the border of Warwickshire and Birmingham. The site comprised an area of hardstanding yard and an area of railway siding cleared fifteen months ago. This area of land had been subject to management in the interim period.

3. Legislation

Herpetofauna

The following species are protected against sale under Section 9(5) of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 which limits the animals being offered for sale, transported for sale or advertised for sale, however, capture, keeping or killing are not prohibited subject to other animal welfare regulations:

• smooth or common newt (Triturus vulgaris), • palmate newt (Triturus helveticus), • common frog (Rana temporaria), and • common toad (Bufo bufo).

Grass snakes (Natrix natrix) are, however, protected from killing, injuring and sale under Sections 9(1) and 9(5) of the same legislation.

Bats, otter, white-clawed crayfish and great crested newts All species of British bat and their roosts (places of shelter or rest), otter, white-clawed crayfish and great crested newts are protected by law from intentional and reckless disturbance under The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended by the Countryside and Rights of Way Acts 2000, and the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 to incorporate the European Habitats directive.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Badger Badgers and their setts are protected under the 1992 Badgers Act, and it is illegal to carry out work, which may disturb badgers without a licence from Natural England. Further information about species licensing and legislation can be obtained from the Species Licensing Service on 0117 3728000.

Water vole The water vole is fully protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

Dormouse The hazel dormouse is fully protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and Schedule 2 of The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended) making it a European Protected Species. This species is also considered a priority under the UK BAP. The Hazel dormouse is protected under Article 12 of the Habitats Directive (as amended) which prohibits certain activities in relation to European Protected Species (EPS). Article 16 of the Habitats Directive contains derogations from Article 12. Article 16 is transposed into English law by regulation 53 of the Habitats regulations which allow licences to be issued under certain circumstances. The effect of these licences is to make an activity that would otherwise be an offence, lawful if carried out in accordance with the provisions of the licence.

Hedgehog, polecat and brown hare UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Priority Species.

Birds The majority of species of nesting bird are protected under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 and as amended by the Countryside & Rights of Way Act 2000.

4. Desktop Study

Prior to the ecological survey of the site, a desk-top data gathering exercise was undertaken. The Nature On The Map website was accessed and the Local Biological Records Centres were contacted for information on statutory and non-statutory sites and protected/notable species records within a 1km radius.

Habitat connectivity and barriers

• The data search revealed part of the site stretched into the Water Orton Sidings, selected as a Potential Local Wildlife Site and considered to offer botanical value. Some of the notable botanical species recorded included common orchid, wild pansy and dittander. • Habitat connectivity from the site was above average, although some dispersing animals may have been deterred by the increased human influence within and bordering the site created by notable industrial activity. • Bordering the site to the immediate north lay a tributary which fed directly into the River Tame some 200m further north of the site. • Immediately adjacent the site to the south ran the Birmingham to Nuneaton railway line. Such linear habitats as those provided by watercourses and railway lines may provide valuable connectivity for many species dispersing through the wider countryside.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Species

EcoRecord and the Warwickshire Biological Records Centre provided the following records within a 1km radius. Only species scoped in to the survey, where records exist, are commented on within the species section.

Terrestrial Mammals

Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), water vole (Arvicola amphibius)

Amphibians

Common toad (Bufo bufo), common frog (Rana temporaria), great crested newt (Triturus cristatus)

Flora records within Water Orton Sidings pLWS

Dittander (Lepidium latifolium), bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsia), wild pansy (Viola tricolor)

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

5. Results and evaluation

Phase 1 habitat survey

On the 25th September 2014 a walkover survey of the site was carried out in accordance with standard methodology for Phase 1 habitat assessment (Joint Nature Conservation Committee, 1993) by a suitably experienced surveyor, Casey Griffin.

Timing and Conditions

The site was visited on Thursday 25th September 2014

Parameter Recorded Figure Temperature 17.1ºC Cloud cover 100% Precipitation None Wind speed 3 – Gentle breeze (Beaufort Scale)

An annotated Phase 1 habitat survey map is provided in this section. This illustrates the location of all habitat types recorded at the site together with target notes depicting features of ecological interest. Habitats were classified using Phase 1 methodology (JNCC, 1993) and were then evaluated against the IEEM EIA evaluating habitats and species guidelines (2006) in order to give them a scale of importance. Such criteria included size, species diversity, presence of Local BAP or UK BAP habitats and species together with presence of other notable species.

Habitats

• Bare ground • Hardstanding • Boundaries • Adjacent watercourse

Bare ground

A good portion of the site comprised an area of railway sidings cleared some 15 months ago when a boundary fence was instated. This area, which appeared to have received subsequent management in the interim period, contained minimal vegetation with only a small number of common botanical species noted; these included chickweed and Himalayan balsam and consequently, this habitat was considered to currently offer low ecological value.

Bare ground

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

This area contained minimal vegetation with only a small number of common botanical species noted; these included chickweed and himalayan balsam and consequently, this habitat was considered to currently offer low ecological value.

LOW ecological value

Hardstanding

The western section of the site was comprised of hardstanding and used for storage of materials produced and used by the company. These stored materials were moved regularly (anecdotal evidence). A small amount of vegetation had encroached onto this hardstanding area; species included ivy, Himalayan balsam and rosebay willowherb.

Stored materials within yard

These stored materials, subject to regular disturbance, and hardstanding were considered to offer limited value to sheltering animals.

LOW ecological value

Adjacent habitats

Adjacent the site to the immediate north ran an un-named tributary to the River Tame. This stretch of watercourse was assessed for its potential to support protected species as part of the ecological appraisal. It was observed that banks of this stretch of tributary had been recently cleared of vegetation. This watercourse was up to 1m wide in places with steep banks. Areas of blanket weed were noted within the channel; the presence of this aquatic weed may suggest the water within to be slow flowing.

Watercourses, comprising of rivers and streams, are protected under the UK BAP. Watercourses provide valuable shelter and foraging habitat for a range of species, such as otter and water vole, as well as providing valuable connectivity through the landscape.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Tributary to north of site

The bare ground proportion of the site and the area extending to the east formed part of Water Orton Sidings. This former railway siding has been selected as a potential local wildlife site as a result of its perceived botanical value. The area which fell within the bounds of the site contained very limited vegetation due to recent clearance works; its current value was considered to be low although it's previous and potential ecological value was hard to determine.

Water Orton Sidings pLWS

Bordering the site to the south ran the Birmingham to Nuneaton railway line. Such linear habitats as those provided by railway may provide valuable safe dispersal routes for commuting species.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Birmingham to Nuneaton railway

Boundaries

Please see Phase 1 map for location of fencing.

LOW ecological value

Species

The potential of protected species to be present on site was given a value evaluated by the habitat suitability, records within the 1km radius and any evidence found on site.

Bats

There are 18 species of bats found in the UK all of which are protected by European law and are considered priorities under the UK BAP, as they have been in decline over recent years. Bats use a range of different habitats depending on species and time of the year. However all bats found in the UK are reliant on invertebrates as a food source, so therefore habitats that are known to be beneficial to invertebrates can be considered as beneficial to bats, such as pasture, woodland and water bodies.

The data search revealed no records for bats within the 1km search radius. This was likely a result of under-recording in this area as opposed to no species present, given that there were suitable foraging and commuting habitats within the area. The site offered no suitable buildings or trees within its bounds however, it should be noted that bats may likely use linear habitat such as those provided by railways and watercourse as safe commuting routes as they travel between roosting sites and foraging grounds, so it is likely that bats may pass through the site whilst commuting.

Likelihood of bat roosting: LOW Likelihood of bat foraging/commuting (using railway): MEDIUM

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Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Badgers

European Badgers and their setts are protected in the UK, although they have become more common over recent years. Badgers use a range of habitats (rural or urban) however they are generally associated with agricultural land. A clan of badgers may have a number of setts which they may use at different frequencies at different times of the year.

The data search revealed no existing records for badger within the 1km search radius. A detailed search of the site and its accessible immediate surroundings revealed no obvious evidence of this species in the form of latrines, foraging signs or setts. It should however be noted that this species may likely disperse along such linear routes as railways in search of suitable forage and territory.

Likelihood of badger presence within the site: LOW Likelihood of badger dispersal through site: MEDIUM

Otter

Otters have increased in numbers just recently after years of being in severe decline as a result of human impacts and habitat loss. Otters have large home territories, which may be used differently throughout the year. They can usually be found on rivers and streams where there is an abundant food source, little direct disturbance and suitable adjacent habitat for holts.

The data search revealed no records for otter within a 1km radius of the site. A detailed search of the adjacent watercourse revealed no obvious evidence of this species and contained very limited suitable holt creation opportunities.

Likelihood of otter presence: LOW

Water vole

Water voles have suffered a great loss in numbers over recent years with the introduction of mink to British waterways. They inhabit burrows along river banks, which they use for shelter and feeding at the entrance, and can therefore be greatly impacted by erosion of river banks and pollution of water courses.

The data search revealed there to be two records for water vole to the north of the site within the Minworth Sewage Works. The banks of the adjacent watercourse had recently been cleared of vegetation. No evidence of this species was recorded during the site visit however, the removal of scrub vegetation may encourage the growth of more water vole suitable habitat along the banks of this watercourse if this management technique is continued. The spread of this species should be encouraged.

Likelihood of water vole presence: LOW-MEDIUM

White claw crayfish

The white clawed crayfish is native to the UK however it has been in serious decline over recent years as a result of a number of factors such as the introduction of the signal crayfish which not only competes for the same food but is also known to directly predate on the young. White clawed crayfish are also very susceptible to changes in water quality.

The data search revealed no records of this species within the 1km search radius. No evidence of this species was noted at the time of the survey.

Likelihood of white claw crayfish presence within the tributary: LOW

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Reptiles

There are a number of reptiles which are found in the UK including common lizard, sand lizard, slow worm, grass snake and adder. All reptiles native to the UK are priority species under the UK BAP. As cold blooded creatures, basking makes up a very important part of their life cycle, because of this all reptiles will use areas that are exposed to the sun in the morning and late afternoon to ensure they maintain a regulated body temperature.

The data search revealed there to be no records of reptiles within the 1km radius, however, the site was bordered to the south by a railway line which may have provided good potential for commuting reptiles. Such railways provide embankments and suitable basking features which may be exploited by local reptiles.

The bare ground and hardstanding available within the bounds of the site may have provided suitable basking opportunities at its edges. Materials stored within the yard were moved on a regular basis (anecdotal evidence) therefore reducing the site's value to hibernating or sheltering reptiles.

Likelihood of reptile presence: LOW-MEDIUM

Amphibians

The data search revealed there to be records for common frog, great crested newt and common toad within the 1km search radius. A pond was noted some 50m to the north-west of the site and beyond the watercourse. It was considered unlikely that great crested newts would cross this watercourse in order to gain access to the site. Habitats within the bounds of the site were considered unsuitable for use by sheltering and/or foraging great crested newts at the time of the survey as a result of regular disturbance and recent clearance works. However, species such as common toad and common frog may pass through the site on occasion in search of forage or shelter.

Likelihood of amphibian presence: LOW-MEDIUM Likelihood of great crested newt presence: LOW

Birds

The site as a whole offered very limited opportunities for nesting birds as no suitable vegetation or trees were present. The bare ground and hardstanding were also considered to offer limited opportunities for foraging birds.

Likelihood of nesting bird presence: LOW

Hedgehog

Hedgehogs have been in decline recently due to increased pressures from a number of factors possibly including increased pesticide use. They are now considered a priority species under the UK BAP. Hedgehogs rely on habitats that are high in invertebrate numbers and have safe areas for nesting and good connectivity.

There was one record for hedgehog within a 1km radius of the site. No evidence of this species was recorded during the site visit however, suitable foraging and safe commuting habitat was present along the railway embankments and the banks of the watercourse just outside the site boundary indicating that hedgehogs could pass through the site on occasion.

Likelihood of hedgehog presence: LOW-MEDIUM

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Polecat

Polecats are protected in the UK and have slightly increased in numbers recently however they are still scarce in England and are considered a priority under the UK BAP. Polecats inhabit a mosaic of habitat including woodland, grassland and riverbanks. They have large territories (though are not particularly territorial) and tent to move between habitats quite freely following seasonal food sources, with a main diet comprised of rabbits and rats.

There were no records of polecat within a 1km radius of the site. This species tends to favour habitats comprising woodland, riverbank and surrounding farmland and is more likely to be present in suitable habitats to the south and east. However, this species may make use of the railway line as a safe dispersal route whilst commuting through large territorial ranges.

Likelihood of polecat presence: LOW Likelihood of polecat commuting through: LOW-MEDIUM

Invasive species

Himalayan Balsam was noted both within the bounds of the site and adjacent to it. Particular association was noted in relation to the watercourse suggesting it to be a source of spread.

This annual plant species (listed under Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act) is considered invasive as it is not native to the UK and can spread rapidly within an area. Himalayan balsam forms thick monospecific stands which shade out lower level native plants therefore greatly reducing plant diversity in an area.

Natural winter dieback may result in exposed river banks being subject to increase risk of soil erosion

This plant species is known for producing many large nectar rich flowers which are preferred by bumblebees resulting in native species going un-pollinated.

Limitations

There were no limitations at the time of survey.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

6. Conclusion

In summary, the proposed development would likely impact an area of current industrial yard and a section of the Water Orton Sidings (selected as a potential local wildlife site). At the time of the survey, the habitat within the bounds of the entire site was considered to offer low ecological value. At the time of the survey, the habitat within the bounds of the site was considered to offer low ecological value however, it should be noted that botanical value was hard to determine as a result of clearance works. Data search information revealed that Water Orton Sidings previously had a diverse flora associated with it as a result of the calcareous ballast, but that this diversity was reduced in recent years due to scrub and woodland encroachment. A view of the site on Google Earth indicates that the site has been scrub/woodland since at least 1999 and has remained in this state until at least June 2013 when the last Google Earth aerial was taken. The presence of the scrub/woodland is likely to reduce the diversity of the botany present, particularly those species which are in the field layer as these would be shaded out by the trees and scrub. It is possible that the clearance of the scrub and trees from within the site may allow opportunities for such early colonising plants to re-establish at the site if appropriate buffers were left at the boundaries that were not disturbed and were subject to scrub management. The provision of such a buffer would also aim to ensure continued connectivity across the site and along the watercourse and railway line.

No evidence of protected or notable species was noted within the bounds of the site despite the close proximity of suitable wildlife corridors provided by the watercourse to the north and the railway line to the south of the site.

Himalayan Balsam was recorded within the bounds of the site as well as along the banks of the watercourse. This invasive species is subject to control regulations. In this case, the most likely source of spread was the watercourse and the controlling body would be responsible for its control.

At this stage, no further survey work is considered necessary although a protective buffer to the adjacent habitats should be included as part of the scheme as this would also allow recolonisation of some of the cleared habitats at the site.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

7. Recommendations

Avoidance, mitigation and legal obligation

In order to develop the Site, ECOLOCATION recommend the developer follow the advice set out in this “Avoidance, mitigation and legal obligations” section, to avoid harm or impact to legally protected and notable species and habitats on Site, as outlined within The National Planning Policy Framework:

The National Planning Policy Framework para 117 states that "To minimise impacts on biodiversity and geodiversity, planning policies should...promote the preservation, restoration and re-creation of priority habitats, ecological networks and the protection and recovery of priority species populations". In order to ensure no nett loss of biodiversity in accordance with NPPF & Circular 06/2005 recommendations are made below:

• Due to the close proximity of potential valuable habitats (railway, area of sidings to the east and the watercourse), a 1m buffer zone of bare ground should be retained during construction extending from the northern, southern and eastern boundaries into the site. The 1m buffer should be in place during the construction phase in order to discourage any such animals from entering the development area. Post development, these buffer zones should be increased to 3m and allowed to re-vegetate naturally, as this may allow opportunities for notable botanical species to colonise and, in turn could offer some sheltering opportunities for dispersing wildlife. Please see diagram below.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

• Lighting during works and permanent lighting once the development has been completed should be cowled to direct light towards the ground and away from potential wildlife corridors along the northern, southern and eastern boundaries.

• The builders' compound to be located at least 5m from vegetation and all storage must be on pallets to avoid the possibility of hedgehogs, amphibians or reptiles using these areas for shelter. The area around the subject building must not receive any stored items and this surface must also remain short mown. Should any evidence of newts or reptiles be found on the Site before or during construction, works must stop and a suitably qualified ecologist should be contacted for advice on how best to proceed.

• Any deep excavations, which will be left open overnight, will need to have sloping wooden boards placed in them to provide exit ramps for amphibians and any other animals to escape.

• Should any non-protected species be discovered on Site these should be carefully moved from the development Site, unharmed, to an area to be left undisturbed by the works.

• Should evidence of protected species (including reptiles) be discovered during works ECOLOCATION or the local office of Natural England should be contacted for advice

Suggested enhancements and compensation

The site could be enhanced post development as encouraged by The National Planning Policy Framework:

The National Planning Policy Framework para 118 states that "Opportunities to incorporate biodiversity in and around developments should be encouraged". Therefore, additional recommendations for biodiversity enhancements across the site are provided below:

• A number of log piles should be constructed adjacent to the southern and eastern boundaries as this will ensure suitable places of shelter are available for small mammals, amphibians and reptiles post development work.

• Post development the recommended 3m buffer zone should be managed in order to minimise scrub encroachment such that scrub is no more than 20% of this habitat. This should involve strimming back on an annual basis and be timed to avoid the bird nesting season.

ECOLOCATION

Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

8. References

Bat Workers Manual, JNCC, 2004 3rd edition BSI (2012) Trees in Relation to Construction. BS 5837:2012 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2012) JNCC (1993) Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey: A technique for environmental audit. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. IEA (1995) Guidelines for Baseline Ecological Assessment. Institute of Environmental Assessment, E & FN Spon. National Planning Policy Framework 2012 Circular 06/2005 Biodiversity and Geological Conservation – Statutory Obligations and Their Impact Within the Planning System RSPB www.rspb.org.uk Birds of Conservation Concern 3: The Population Status of Birds in the UK, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man (Various, 2009) Birds of Northern Europe (2010) Birdguides iPhone App Stace, C (1997) New flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press UK BAP - http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/biodiversity/protectandmanage/prioritylist. aspx Wildlife & Countryside Act (1981) HMSO (as amended) www.natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk EcoRecord Warwickshire Biological Records Centre Rose, Francis (2006) The Wildflower Key – How to identify wild flowers trees and shrubs in Britain and Ireland

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Ecological Appraisal 2014-0(12) Land at Water Orton Lane

Species List

Common Name Scientific Name DAFOR – D - dominant A – abundant F – frequent O – occasional R - rare Herbs Ivy Hedra helix R Chickweed Stellaria media O Cleavers Galium aparine O Broadleaved dock Rumex obtusifolius O Buddleia Buddleia spp. R Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense R Bramble Rubus fruticosus R Common ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris R Rose bay willowherb Chamerion angustifolium R Greater plaintain Plantago major R Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera O Grasses Cock’s foot Dactylis glomerata R False oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius R

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