13532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS SPECIAL OLYMPICS ACTIVITY FEA­ talking with ·Elvin Hayes of the Washington Speaker, I would like to take this oppor­ TURED IN COLMAN McCARTHY Bullets or a Special Olympian who takes two minutes for the 100-yard dash, I would go tunity to bring to the attention of my ARTICLE with the young sprinter. Last year, I ran a colleagues the impending retirement few miles with Blll Rodgers, the distance from education of Fred V. Pankow, su­ HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH man who has won three Boston marathons; perintendent of Lanse Creuse School but I had more of a thrill when I did a lap District for the past 20 years. OF WEST VIRGINIA with a retarded child. Having spent the last 30 years involved IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES I call him retarded, which 1s the label in teaching and education, Mr. Pankow Tuesday, June 5, 1979 most of us use, only because his limitations are conveniently definable. The IQ scores will typically remain in education, re­ • Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, the and reports of "the child experts" categorize tiring to continue work on his doctorate Washington Post recently published an the flaws and so let us, the seemingly healthy, degree at Wayne State University. article by Colman McCarthy on the Spe­ go on about our business of normalcy. Mr. Pankow's dedication to his work, cial Olympics program. Special Olympics But if the poet Wallace Stevens is right, the school district, its parents and teach­ that "We are all hot with the imperfect," provides to more than a million retarded then what has been happening through the ers is legendary. His name is considered children and adults an opportunity to Special Olympics is unique: The mentally synonymous with education in Lanse participate in sports activities. I have retarded are helping the intellectuaily Creuse and has been for years. During had the privilege of organizing Special retarded. the span of his leadership at Lanse Olympics programs and have been im­ The latter ·are those of us whose mindc; Creuse, the size and scope of education pressed by the joyful participation of build shelves for the handicapped and then in the district has grown, preparing these special athletes in these games. stash them away like undusted bric-a-brac thousands of young people for adult to be forgotten. Or those who hire zoning responsibilities. I know that all Members of the Con­ lawyers to defend the purity of the neighbor­ gress understand the value of such hood when the retarded dare move into a The community in which Fred Pankow unique competition. It has been my re­ half-way house. Or those who read the latest served is better off for having had a man sponsibility, as chairman of the Senate newspaper expose about the filthy conditions of his dedication and leadership at the Subcommittee on the Handicapped, to in the state home for the retarded and head of its most important service, the cooperate with the Kennedy family in murmur that "Something should be done." education of its children. Because of his this worthwhile endeavor. By someone else. influence, Lanse Creuse has produced One of the beauties of the Special Olym­ Special Olympics began in 1968 when pics is that it has attracted the someone elses many successful men and women, who Eunice Kennedy Shriver initiated a in amazingly large numbers-the quarter of in turn, contribute to the community, modest program for a few children. This a mllllon volunteers. Few national programs State and Nation. year 21 countries will send athletes to are receiving the unsalaried energies of more Mr. Speaker, for his part in the im­ Brockport, N.Y. for the international groups, from amateurs like the American portant process of education. I would games. Legion and the Road Runners Club of Ameri­ like to congratulate Fred V. Pankow on I submit the following article for print­ ca to the Nationa.l Basketball Association. his service to Lanse Creuse and extend As for those volunteers who do more for to him and his family the best of wishes ing in the RECORD: the retarded than any outsider can imagine­ SPECIAL 0LYMPICS: "A SPmiT OF the fathers and mothers of the chlldren­ for the future.• PLAYFULNESS" they report that Specia.l Olympics can .~n­ (By Colman McCarthy) han~ family life in the most upllfting of As with most other males who were con­ ways. TRffiUTE TO MERVIN WINEBERG ditioned early to believe that success in I have seen this in my own neighbor­ sports meant playing for big money in big hood, in Angela Mann, a 15-year-old who arenas, I learned only slowly that that was has Down's syndrome and who won two HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE medals in the District of Columbia Special false. My teachers in the lessons of true OF MASSACHUSETTS ath!etics have been some mentally retarded Olympics earlier this month. youngsters, children who are part of the Spe­ Her father, Dr. Jesse Mann, a professor of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cial Olympics program. phllosophy at Georgetown University and Tuesday, June 5, 1979 This month and the next is the height of the only person I know who can discuss Hel­ their summer season. More than a mill1on degger whlle mowing his lawn, tells of An­ • Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, the small retarded children, with a mix of adults too, gela's new sense of her ab111ties. Now that community of Adams in my congression­ are participating in one or more of the 14 she has seen herself excel in the 50-yard al distrct, and the larger community sports offered in the Special Olympic games dash, she has become open to finding more of Berkshire County, were saddened in every state and nearly every county of the occasions to excel. recently at the untimely passing of a country. Over 250,000 voiunteers are in­ Other fam111es around the country report business and civic leader of great hu­ volved. Winter games are held in 42 states, the same, SiOOOrding to Mrs. Shriver: "Special manity and conscience. Mr. Mervin with international games held every four Olympics, through its teaching clinics and Wineberg, president of the Adams Super years. In mid-August, 3,500 competitors from the Let's Play To Grow Program, 1s helping the United States and 20 countries will turn parents gain knowledge and confidence in Ma·rkets, Inc., died on May 18. Brockport, N.Y., into the center of the sports working with their retarded children." I had been privileged to call Mervin world. Not every retarded child 1s in Special Wineberg a friend for a good many Thanks to the bustle of Eunice Kennedy Olympics and not a.ll parents are blessed years. A native and life-long resident of Shriver, who herself is a one-woman track with the spiritual strength to keep nurtur­ Adams, he was always looking out for meet of sprinting energy and high-hurdle ing their chlld despite the seemingly slow the welfare of his neighbors. Often push, what began in 1968 as a modest effort progress. But in only a decade, Special Olym­ times, when people of his acquaintance to fill the time of a few children for whom pics has become a world-<:la.ss example of time and a lot else hung heavily, has become what can be done 1f a few people put their had some difficulty, it was to Mr. Wine­ a stirring success story. More than any other minds-and their bodies-to it.e berg that they would turn. He always movement in American sports in the past did his best to help them. I can remem­ decade, Special Olympics has gone into com­ ber many, many times when he would munities, neighborhoods and fam1Ues to TRIBUTE TO FRED V. PANKOW write to me seeking the assistance of my spread a spirit of playfulness that is, or office on behalf of someone who had come should be, the essential vibrancy of sports. HON. DAVID E. BONIOR to him for guidance. I have been to enough of the meets to know exactly what ln American sports is OF MICHIGAN It was not only private individuals who worth celebrating and what isn't. If given IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knew they had a friend in Mr. Wine­ berg. Community leaders also sought his a choice of watching a World Series Game or Tuesday, June 5, 1979 a Special Olympics competition, I would take counsel and aid. An astute and success­ the latter. If I could have an hour to spend e Mr. BONIOR of Michigan. Mr. ful businessman, Mr. Wineberg was able

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the Boor. June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13533 to compliment the needs of the commu­ A PROFIT OF WINDFALL TAXES raising letter, sent out on White House sta­ nities of Berkshire County with good tionery, Mr. Carter boasted that, under hLc; financial sense. regime, "corporate profits are up 37 percent." Adams Super Markets, Inc., a family­ HON. RON PAUL In his 1979 Economic Report, he claimed OF TEXAS that "business profits rose more than 10 run business, thrived under Mr. Wine­ percent in 1978." berg's direction. Today, it is an eight­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When the statistics came, however, to con­ store chain with three of the stores Tuesday, June 5, 1979 firm Mr. Carter's claims, Hamilton Jordan located in urban renewal areas in Adams, denounced the same profits as "unnecessarily North Adams, and Pittsfield. • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, in his syn­ high," and the President's inflation fighter, Mr. Wineberg was also active in other dicated column, Patrick Buchanan re­ Fred Kahn, called them a "catastrophe" business ventures and was instrumental cently asked: "Who gets the windfall which has "put business on trial in the eyes in preventing the closing of the Arnold profits?" The answer, under the Presi­ of the American people." Print Works in Adams, and, in so doing, dent's proposal, is big government. Now, given recent revelations about the If our country is to have the gasoline financing of the peanut warehouse, perhaps in salvaging 750 jobs. Mr. Carter does NOT appreciate the role of Mr. Wineberg also generally lent his and heating oil it needs, the profits gen­ profits. time, energy, and talent to educational erated by decontrol must be invested in But his re-election, and perhaps his re­ and religious concerns. He served as more energy production, not in more nomination, may depend upon them-as does chairman of the Adams-Cheshire Re­ bureaucrats. the performance of the American economy, gional School Committee and was a di­ Mr. Buchanan makes this point elo­ matter of considerably higher importance to quently. I would like to bring his column the Western worl'd. rector of the Francis Ouimet Schola;r­ Profits are the seed corn of the economy. ship Fund. His company also otiered to my colleagues' attention. They provide the investment capital which scholarship aid to worthy students The article follows: means productivity growth-the antidote to throughout the county. WHO GETS THE WINDFALL PROFITS? inflation. When they are high and rising, He was a former president of Temple (By Patrick Buchanan) so is the stock market, and the equity and Anshe Amunim, and was chosen as the WASHINGTON.-Like the man said, it took spirits of 25 m11lion investors. When profit temple's "Man of the Year" in 1971. He Mr. Carter's energy team two years to master margins are strong, more money is available Economics 101, and they still have not got for workers' pay hikes and increases in bene­ was also a member of the Congregation fits. When the profit picture improves, local Beth Israel. He was a leader in the it quite right. The decontrol of oil prices was necessary, and state treasuries fatten; and there is a United Jewish Appeal and Israel bond courageous and correct. Had the decision reduced federal deficit, since taxes at all lev­ drive et!orts. been taken two years ago, instead of all that els of government customarily tax more than Mervin Wineberg was a dedicated and claptrap about the "moral equivalent of half the profit of every corporation of other devoted family man, the father of three war," we would be that much further along than minuscule size. children. At this time, I would like to toward regaining energy independence. And if it is true, as Mr. Kahn suggests, Not all the fault lies with Carter. In truth, t hat there have been corporate price-gouging express my heartfelt sympathy to his and obscene profits of late, why is the stock wife, Florence, and the entire Wineberg the United States has lost almost six years since 1973, deluding ourselves, refusing to market lower today than it was 10 years family at the passing of this good man confront the reality of higher oil prices ago?e and good friend.e mandated by the OPEC cartel. As a conse­ quence, invaluable time has been wasted, OSHA REGULATIONS-THE COSTS and our economic and political dependence ARE TOO HIGH BILL TO IMPROVE FOOD STAMP upon the Persian Gulf has grown ominously. PROGRAM But, having taken the tough decision, the President is now working feverishly to deny HON. TOBY ROTH himself and the country the economic bene­ OF WISCONSIN HON. THOMAS S. FOLEY fit that could result from it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF WASHINGTON First, the price controls on old oil will not be wholly phased out for almost two Tuesday, June 5, 1979 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and a half years. As one critic notes, an oil Tuesday, June 5, 1979 producer of even average 1ntell1gence will • Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I am sure ask himself: "Why produce oil now at $6 a that many of our colleagues frequently • Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Speaker, I am ot!ering barrel, when in 28 months, (we) can get hear complaints about the cost of com­ for introduction a bill to amend the $15 to $20 a barrel?" pliance with myriad Federal regula­ Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, to Second, the President has coupled de­ tions. These Federal requirements are improve food stamp program fiscal ac­ control with demagogic attacks upon the oil often inflationary and counterproduc­ countability through reductions in in­ companies and their lobbyists for wanting tive. They do not add to our manufac­ accurate eligibility and benefit determi­ to keep their customary share of the profits turing capability and cost thousands of nations and intensified fraud detection that w111 accrue as a consequence of Mr. manhours and millions of dollars. and recovery procedures; and to remove Carter's decision. Well, let us put this windfall profits pic­ We must strike a sensible balance be­ specific dollar limitations on appropria­ ture in perspective. tween the costs of regulation and the tions while continuing to limit expendi­ Under existing tax laws, local, state and benefits our society garners from such tures to available funds; and for other federal governments will take some 60 cents compliance. purposes. of every dollar in "windfall profits." So, who The nub of the problem is that our This bill contains all of the provisions is ripping off whom? Federal regulatory agencies are not (with some revisions) in the suggested Not only does the President and his staff mandated to consider the cost of com­ want the right to spend half of the oil com­ pliance when promulgating their rules. legislation transmitted to the Congress panies' profits-their customary rake-off­ by the secretary of Agriculture on May but they also want to collect and allocate The upshot is that these costs are 21, 1979, plus two rather important sec­ another half of the oll companies' share. hurting our ability to compete with for­ tions that were not included in the ad­ By what right? eign industries. ministration's version even though the At least it may be said of the boys at That is why I am cosponsoring H.R. administration "strongly supports" Exxon, Mobil, Texaco and Shell that they 3156. This bill will require the Secretacy them, because the administration pre­ have explored, drilled, produced, refined and of Labor to prepare an economic analy­ ferred not to draft the actual language marketed oil and gas-as their contribution sis of the costs of OSHA regulations. The to be used in light of potential jurisdic­ toward solving the energy crisis. analysis would cover six aspects of com­ tional problems. The two new provi­ Why should three of every four dollars in pliance: sions-providing access for departmental new profits we turned over to Big Govern­ 1. Potential inflationary or recession­ ment, whose politicians created the energy and State officials to Social Security Ad­ crisis with the idiotic rules, regulations and ary impact. ministration and State unemployment controls they themselves are now abandon­ 2. Direct or indirect costs incurred by compensation agency records in order ing? businesses. to verify and audit food stamp eligibility Whose profits are truly "unearned?" Big 3. Et!ects of competition in businesses subject to various safeguards against Oil's or Big Government's? and industries with particular attention abuse of such information-would con­ Of late, Mr. Carter and his crew have ex­ to the impact on small business. siderably enhance the integrity of the hibited a schizophrenia about the whole 4. Direct or indirect costs on employ­ food stamp program.• question of profits. In a "Dear Friend" fund- ment. 13534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 5. The impact on our balance of trade expected transfer of this exceptional for the Peninsula and he likes living here, public servant. While it represents a pro­ why is the National Park Service moving between United States and foreign in­ him? Because, we surmise, it is good for the dustries. motion, it also is unusual for such a bureaucracy to move him. That reasoning 6. Impact on productivity in enter­ transfer to occur within a short period. does not wash. The federal government prises affected by the proposed regula­ It raises suspicions in the upper penin­ should be managed for the benefit of the tions, sula as to the motives of the National people. Yet here we have a case which proves If America is to continue as an eco­ Park Service and some concern over the the very point Coleman has tried to disprove nomic power, it must free itself from future management and policy of the during the last two years: The National Park unnecessary Government regulation. Olympic National Park. Service is run for the National Park Service This bill provides a starting point. Mr. Speaker, the Port Angeles DailY not the people. I urge my colleagues to join me in this News and Forks Forum have editorialized l From the Forks Forum-Peninsula Herald, effort to make a new beginning for the on this matter and, I believe, accurately May 3, 1979] American small businessman.• reflect the views of my constituents. I would like to include the two articles in PARK SUPERINTENDENT SHOULD BE RETAINED the RECORD: (By Lorraine Berg) He says he doesn't want to go, his work­ OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK [From the Daily News, May 3, 1979] SUPERINTENDENT ers don't want him to go, and those of us RUNNING THE PARK who have worked with him don't want him Ordinarily we would wish the departing to go, and if he goes, you'll probably notice HON. DON BONKER Olympic National Park superintendent goooosting the economy The Olympic National Park in my dis­ superintendents traditionally stay much locally. trict is one of the largest in the coun­ longer; Coleman should stay because Olympic Rialto Bridge is being built. We can thank try-the boundaries of which now in­ National Park and the people of the Penin­ Coleman at least in part, for that. It is slow sula need him. It would be in the best inter­ in being built, but he gave his word that clude almost a million acres. In addi­ ests of both if the decision to move him it would be built, and Coleman has proven tion to its size, the Olympic National now were reversed. to be a man of his word. Park is the most spectacular in terms For years the park and Peninsula residents Shelters in the park were slated to be de­ of rugged scenic beauty-including even had feuded. Sometimes it was over small stroyed. Many had been torn down. Many Washington's substantial upper coast­ issues, sometimes very important ones. Much more were slated for the fire, but Coleman line and the amazing Olympics. It is, in­ of the misunderstanding and distrust listened to local woodsmen and left them deed, a national treasure. stemmed from policies set in Washington, standing. That made the park a little safer D.C., and enforced by local park officials. for the back-country hiker who might get But to local residents the park rep­ Those park officials have been seen locally caught in untimely cold weather. resents some unique problems. Its sheer as mere extensions of a federal bureaucracy ByPass: Coleman worked for the ByPass, size makes the Government an imposing some 2,500 miles away. Sadly, that percep­ and had spoken out publicly for it. Mean­ landowner in the area, denying the local tion has all too often been true in recent while, the road around the lake has been government of a needed tax base. Park years. improved. policy also disallows harvesting of tim­ Coleman has spent his time here changing Hurricane Ridge has been kept open dur­ that perception. He has convinced nearly ing the week, instead of just the weekend, ber which is critical to the commodity everyone with whom he has worked that his bringing happiness to many local skiers, in­ productions' interests. Park policies and interest lay in the Olympic Peninsula, its stead of just catering to out of area visitors regulations affect many local citizens, park and its people. While it has taken a lot on the weekend. particularly with respect to inholders in of work on his part to get this far, he is not Coleman has been instrumental in the and around Lake Crescent who face an yet finished. Here are several instances: retention of Kalaloch, because prior to his uncertain future there. -The dispute between in-holders and the arrival, it was scheduled to be phased out. park is moving toward a solution, thanks in Now, extensive remodeling and rebuilding is The Olympic National Park has been large degree to Coleman. But the issue is not being done. viewed with suspicion and hostility in completely resolved. His help is st111 needed Soleduck Hot Springs is still running, do­ past years. This is due to its size, past to set the tone for administering the new ing a land-office business last year. policies, and management activities. park policy. And last but not least, Coleman has made When I was elected to represent this area -The oil port issue is really just coming it okay to be part of the U.S. Park Service in 1975, the Park Service was the tar­ to a head. Coleman's expertise on air qua.Uty, again. He listens and acts on local citizen get of much criticism. Both its manage­ acquired by attending a school in Arizona ideas and complaints. in January, is still needed. The park's chief He has imported a crew of rangers, aides, ment and policies were controversial and, concern about a port here is that park air naturalists, and others who just have a great frankly speaking, the agency had little might be polluted. Air pollution, of course, attitude toward the people who live here. public support in the area. also is a concern of the people who live on the Rangers and naturalists have presented All that changed in 2 short years with Peninsula. We would breathe easier if Cole­ slides, movies, and talks at schools and clubs, the arrival of Jim Coleman as the new man were here to help fight the battle for turning local attitudes around. superintendent. Sensing the need to clean air. Have you noticed, that for the first time -Lastly, Coleman is needed to finish his in years, U.S. Park personnel appear ln Forks build public confidence in the Park Serv­ polishing of the park's image. Park relations in their uniforms? And did you notice, the ice, Jim Coleman devoted himself to with residents since 1977 have improved dra· park service has an office in Forks, with two working with local residents on issues matically. But no man can undo in two years rangers, Marty Ott and Keith Hoofnagle liv­ and, without changing significantly what some have seemingly spent careers ing here? Park Service policies and standards, doing. Coleman just needs more time. The That was no accident that it ha.ppened gained public respect for his agency. His Peninsula needs to get along well with a when it did. That was Jim Coleman's fine accomplishments were extraordinary neighbor as large as the park. A state of diplomatic handiwork. considering the short period with which constant strife is unhealthy for us all. Senator Henry Jackson, when we called he had to work, and were based on the All of these comments are of a selfish na­ him about this so-called promotional trans­ ture. Our main considerations have been of fer, said he has seldom had more calls about historic ideals of public service-ability, the needs of the park and the Olympic Penin­ any particular person, than he has about dedication, hard work, patience, o.nd a sula.. What of Jim Coleman's needs? They this superintendent. true commitment to the public. tell us he likes living here. In other words, "Just two years ago, we were wondering That is why many of my constituents he shares something with us. what we could do to turn the situation are dismayed and distressed over the un- If he is so good for the park and so good around about the Park," Jackson's aide, Bob June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13535 Turner says, "and now we're getting calls mony to their·national character. Hope­ CONGRESSMAN FRANK ANNUNZIO !n favor of a superintendent." fully this persistent dedication to na­ ANNOUNCES RESULTS OF 1979 The aide said letters from local people tional self-determination will reward would probably carry more weight than LEGISLATIVE QUESTIONNAffiE phone calls, although the phone calls are them with the satisfaction of restoring not being ignored, either. freedom to the people of Armenia and to He said the reason Coleman was being the land which is their historic birth­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO transferred to Pennsylvania was because right. OF ILLINOIS Coleman has a background in histroy, which Armenians worldwide have suffered the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Is needed In the Valley Forge, Gettysburg depths of human cruelty and I believe it Tuesday, June 5, 1979 Shenandoah National Park, and Assateague is time that we rec.:>gnize their right to National Seashore, which are all part of the independence. I only hope that their e Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I would National Park Service Mid-Atlantic Region courage persists until justice prevails and like to announce the results of a legisla­ that Coleman has been named deputy-di­ tive poll which I conducted recently to rector of. independence arrives with the guarantee Turner said some callers belleve Coleman of freedom for their people.• obtain the opinions of citizens residing is being transferred because he was "too in the 11th Congressional District of helpful" to the inholders around Lake Cres­ Dlinois which I am privileged to rep­ cent. He said Jackson's office is very con­ IN HONOR OF· GEORGE H. resent. cerned about the whole matter. BEAUBIAN III More than 12,000 questionnaires were Jackson w111 have some say in the replace­ completed and returned, and I want to ment o! Coleman, too, and is very concerned express my appreciation to my constit­ that the replacement, if Coleman is trans­ HON. JULIAN C. DIXON uents who involved themselves in the ferred, be some one with the same good atti­ OF CALIFORNIA tude that Coleman has. decisionmaking process by responding Senator Warren Magnuson's aide Gretchen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to this survey. Kienan, said the Senator, llke Jackson, is Tuesday, June 5, 1979 Eighteen broad questions were asked "aware of the problem," but he has received relating to both domestic and foreign no letters. • Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, the son of policy issues, and the responses on the "We have not been asked formally to in­ Mr. and Mrs. George Beaubian was questionnaires were tabulated by com­ vestigate the situation," she said, "and some taken from us on May 26, 1979. I had puter. Before listing a numercial sum­ letters would help." the honor to deliver his eulogy, and I mary of the tabulation, I want to point Coleman has said in an interview with the would like to share it with my colleagues: Daily News executive editor Don Paxson that out some significant reactions to several the appointment in Pennsylvania is, "an EULOGY important issues. honor to me but I really wanted to stay here George H. Beaubian, III, affectionately The strongest response on the 18 ques­ longer.''e known and remembered as Tres Beaublan, tions was on crime, with 96 percent was born on April 11, 1960, and was taken from this llfe on May 26, 1979. favoring the imposition of extra penal­ Death in youth seems so unnatural. We ties on persons found guilty of commit­ THE 61ST ANNIVERSARY OF ARME­ somehow expect death to visit only the old, ting crimes with guns or other deadly NIAN INDEPENDENCE for in them life has run its course. The olg weapons. I strongly feel that tougher have tasted all that life has to offer: The penalties can serve as a forceful deter­ meaning of childhood dreams and yearn­ rent to serious crimes and, therefore, I HON. HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK ings; the Noon day of keen youth's discern­ have sponsored legislation severely in­ OF NEW JERSEY ing; the afternoon of middle age with its creasing prison terms and making these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES harvest whether great or small; and finally, the evening of old age when the body is prison terms mandatory, with absolutely Tuesday, June 5. 1979 warmed by the memories of years gone by, no probation or parole, for those who e Mr. HOLLENBECK. Mr. Speaker, but chilled by the waning of its physical commit felonies with a firearm or other strength. We expect death then. deadly weapon. Monday, May 28 marked the 61st anni­ But that a life should be cut off in the The second strongest response was on versary of Armenian independence. On budding of youth or ripening manhood be­ sunset legislation, with 90 percent favor­ this day each year, people of an Arme­ fore it has run its course or tasted its won­ ing periodic evaluation of Government nian ancestry contemplate their past ders fully, seems so unnatural. But its like programs and the setting of automatic and redouble their efforts to secure that. Death visits us at all seasons. It visits termination dates for those not specifi­ freedom and independence for all the infant of a few days, the man or woman cally reauthorized. I have cosponsored Armenians. of many years, and sometimes, sometimes as with Jesus of Nazareth on Calvary, so with sunset legislation in the 96th Congress This anniversary should encourage so­ our own "Tres" Beaubian-the sun goes and shall continue to push for passage ber reflection. On May 28, 1918, spurned down as it rises. of this legislation in order to assure that by Woodrow Wilson's 14 points and moti­ For those who measure life in conven­ our budget resources are used efficiently vated by their respect for human rights, tional terms, Tres had a short life. But, in ·meeting national needs. the people of Armenia declared their in­ those who knew and loved him recognize The third strongest response was on dependence. This action demonstrated that the quallty of Tres' life far exceeds the forced busing of schoolchildren, with 88 how relentless struggle can surmount op­ number of years he shared with us. Tres was a loving and gifted young man. percent expressing opposition to forced pression and secure liberty. In our con­ Throughout his life, he seemed to gain the busing. My own position on this issue temporary society, where human rights greatest measure of happiness when he was has been consistently against forced bus­ is a prominent issue, we would be wise giving of his time and talents to others. ing. Despite the fact that Congress has to remember the struggle for Armenian With his innate mechanical talents, he voted time and again against forced bus­ independence and learn from their could fix anything. Often you would find ing, various court decisions have held spirited determination. Like our Arme­ Tres up to his elbows in grease and spare that busing is constitutional. I feel the nian friends, we should share their re­ parts as he labored to fix something for a friend, or a relative. only way to resolve the busing question membrance and rededicate ourselves to once and for all is through a constitu­ the ideals in which they believe. His sense of wonder about and love for animals was equally as intense as his de­ tional amendment. I have sponsored leg­ Because of the persecution they have sire to be of service to his friends and family. islation to provide for such an amend­ experienced, Armenians possess an in­ We can take a measure of consolation, ment and shall continue to work vigor­ herent respect for freedom and human however, in the fact that Tres, in his short ously toward its enactment. dignity. Armenian Americans have been years, lived a full and eventful llfe and Also receiving an 88-percent affirma­ second to none in their support of this through those of us whose Uves he touched, tive vote was the proposal to provide a country and the ideals upon which it his life continues. $5,000 tax exclusion from gross income was built. Their unselfish motivation Some people seek to amass riches and for any amount received as an annuity, drives them to seek the implementation power in their lifetimes. Tres Beaubian only had the opportunity to seek beauty. Riches pension, or as other retirement bene­ of these values throughout the world. and power always pass but, beauty remains fits. I have consistently supported a Despite suffering centuries of persecu­ Tres' life was dedicated to love, to family $5,000 tax exclusion for retirees and am tion, the Armenians continue to nurture and to friends-because his was a beautiful convinced it is needed now more than and augment their religious, cultural, and life, Tres Beaublan remains with each of us ever, because of the galloping rate of linguistic identity. This in itself is a testi- forever.e inflation. In earlier Congresses we have 13536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 been successful in increasing existing :X:es ------26 11. Draft law: Do you favor reinstatement tax credits for the elderly. But these ~0 ------65 of peacetime registration for the draft in increases have not gone far enough, and Undecided ------9 order to insUl"e U.S. defense preparedness? consequently, I reintroduced my $5,000 5. Health insurance: Do you favor legisla­ :X:es ------66 tion to provide all Americans with national tax exclusion bill in the 96th Congress ~0 ------26 and I shall continue to work for its health insurance? · Undecided ------8 early approval. :X:es ------54 12. Abortion: Do you favor the use of A total of 87 percent of those whore­ ~0 ------36 Federal funds for the purpose of performing sponded expressed their support for leg­ Undecided ------10 abortions? islation that would require our Nation's 6. Social Security financing: Do you favor :X:es ------24 balancing the social security budget by: hospitals to hold their average annual ~0 ------71 (a) raising tax rates equally on employer, Undecided------5 increase in charges below a fixed limit. employee, and the self-employed whenever Hearings have been completed in the additional revenues are needed; 13. Busing: Do you favor a constitutional House Interstate and Foreign Commerce amendment to end forced busing while at Committee and the House Ways and 1res ------38 the same time assuring equal educational ~0 ------51 opportunities for all students wherever they Means Committee on legislation to im­ are located? pose mandatory limits on yearly in­ Undecided ------11 creases in the skyrocketing costs of hos­ (b) raising taxable wage base ceilings; :X:es ------88 pital care, and this legislation is now ~0 ------10 :X:es ------39 Undecided ------2 awaiting further congressional action. ~0 ------48 Finally, Mr. Speaker, 85 percent of Undecided ------13 14. Education department: Do you favor those who responded to my survey indi­ (c) using general revenues as a supple­ creation of a separate Department of Educa­ mentary source of funds; tion designed to consolidate all Federally cated they felt that the employment of funded and administered educational persons illegally in the United States programs? should be made unlawful. In the past I 1res ------57 ~0 ------33 have strongly supported legislation to Undecided ------10 :res ------55 ~0 ------30 penalize employers who hire illegal (d) making selective cuts in benefits such Undecided ------15 aliens, and although such legislation has as payments for dependent children in col­ passed the House of Representatives lege, lump-sum death benefits, etc.; 15. Inflation: Do you favor anti-inflation legislation recommended by the President twice, it has died in the Senate both for: times. During the 96th Congress, I shall 1res ------49 ~0 ------42 (a) a two-year extension of the Council continue to extend my support to bills Undecided ------9 ~n Wage and Price Stabllity? penalizing employers who knowingly hire illegal aliens. (e) bringing Federal, State, and local gov­ 1res ------~----- 67 ernment employees under the Social Security ~0 ------22 It is also interesting to note that of System? Undecided ------21 those who ·returned the questionnaire, 1tes ------57 (b) "real wage insura~e·• to underwrite the largest number--46 percent-were in the wages of workers whose companies com­ ~0 ------33 the 45- to 64-age category, while the Undecided ------10 ply with voluntary wage-price guidelines? smallest number-12 percent-were in the 18- to 29-age category. 7. Sunset legislation: Do you favor sunset :X:es ------47 legislation which would require periodic ~0 ------30 Mr. Speaker, the following is the com­ evaluation of government programs and set Undecided ------23 pleted questionnaire tabulation accord­ automatic termination dates for those not 16. 011 shortages: Do you favor d'esolving ing to percentages: specifically reauthorized? possible oil shortage problems caused by THE 1979 LEGISLATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE 1tes ------90 Iran's oil strike through: (Figues in percent) ~0 ------3 (a) restrictions on weekend gasoline sales? 1. Congressional campaign financing: Do Undecided ------7 you favor public financing of election cam­ 8. SALT II: Do you favor a second strategic :X:es ------40 ~0 ------52 paigns for the U.S. House of Representatives arms limitation agreement with the Soviet Undecided------8 and the U.S. Senate? Union as a means of enhancing U.S. security and reducing chances for a nuclear war? (b) parking restrictions for commuters? 1tes ------35 ~0 ------52 :X:es ------67 :res ------38 Undecided ------13 ~0 ------21 ~0 ------46 2. Balanced budget: Do you favor a Con­ Undecided ------12 Undecided ------16 stitutional Amendment to eliminate deficit 9. Defense: Do you favor a boost in defense (c) controls on lighted advertisements? spending and to require an annual balanced spending by three percent a year in real terms Federal budget unless a national emergency (after inflation) for the next five years as :X:es ------81 were declared by the President and the Con­ ~0 ------13 pledged to our ~ATO ames by the Adminis­ Undecided------6 gress? tration? (d) decontrolling of oil prices? 1tes ------82 1tes ------55 ------12 ~0 ~0 ------33 :X:es ------36 Undecided ------6 Undecided ------12 No ------49 Undecided ------15 3. Hospital cost containment: Do you favor 10. Relations with China: Do you favor: legislation to require the nation's hospitals (a/ continuation of diplomatic relations (e) rationing? to hold their average annual increase in with the Peoples Republic of China? charges below a fixed limit? :X:es ------29 1tes ------83 No ------59 Undecided ------12 1tes ------87 ~0 ------9 ~0 ------9 Undecided ------8 17. Crime: Do you favor: Undecided ------4 (b) cutting of relations with the Chinese (a) imposition of extd'a penalties on per­ 4. Illegal alien labor: Do you favor legisla­ government in Taiwan? sons found guilty of commiting crimes with tion: guns or other deadly weapons? (a) to make unlawful the employment of 1res ------11 illegal aliens? No ------79 Yes ------96 Undecided ------10 No ------3 Undecided------1 1res ------85 (c) a two-China policy by recognizing Tai­ ~0 ------11 Undecided ------4 wan as a. separate sovereign state? (b) making it 1llegal to possess a handgun? (b) to adjust the status of lllegal aliens 1tes ------78 :X:es ------57 now in the United States to permit them to No ------11 No ------38 remain here legally? Undecided ------11 Undecided------5 June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13537 18. Retirees: Do you believe there should pose, there would be little need for rail tran­ Without affecting the environment in the be a $5,000 tax exclusion from gross income sit systems. The transit professionals we con­ city, without increasing pollution, and with­ for any amount received as an annuity, tacted for this article give the cities a vote out increasing dependence on the automo­ pension, or other retirement benefits? of confidence. bile. Rail transit has good prospects for the "American cities have turned a corner," future because of this ability, and also be­ Yes ------88 says Frank Herringer, a former UMTA ad­ cause the era of building highways is over. No------7 ministrator and BART general manager, and Combine the continued pressure from an Undecided ------5 now a vice president with Trans-America ever-growing population and economy with Age: To help me analyze results of this Corporation. "Basically, they're either sta­ a leveling off of new highway capacity and poll, please indicate: (circle the appropriate bilizing or improving-! don't see them de­ you find that you need some outlet for trans­ answer) (optional): caying any more. The country generally rec­ porting people-and that outlet is rail tran­ ognizes the need for urban centers and is sit." (a) 18-29------12 willing to in vest in them." But what kind of system will be best suited (b) 30-44------22 John E. Hirten, a planner currently work­ to serving the needs of the future? (c) 45-64------46 ing as a consultant with the Office of Man­ From most of the people we've talked to, (d) 65-and-over______20e agement and Budget, sees the cities as the answer comes ringing in: an integrated, holding up in the future "because they'll perhaps balanced, system that takes the rider have to." Says he: "The viability of our cities from as close to his home as possible to his depends on public policies which will have to destination while giving him the feeling that MASS TRANSIT, ENERGY, AND recognize that it's less wasteful and more he is being moved by a single system rather THE CITIES efficient from an energy point of view to in­ than by a bunch of fragments. Such a sys­ tensify development in the urban cores that tem might combine basic rail service wher­ alreacly exist than it is to continue to spread ever possible with feeder bus service and per­ HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR our utilities and facilities out in low density haps commuter rail service. OF PENNSYLVANIA development." Of all the cities in North America, Toronto Ronalcl J. Hartman, senior transportation emerges as the leading model of integrated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES planner with APTA's Office of Planning and mass transportation. Tuesday, June 5, 1979 Policy Analysis, believes that "everything "Toronto is an excellent example of build­ points to a tremendous renaissance in the ing and expanding incrementally as you • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the May is­ central cities. Issues that 10 years ago were also vary feeder bus services and try to guide sue of Modern Railroads magazine fea­ not big-like energy supplies, environmental related development around stations," says tures an excellent article on mass tran­ concerns, and land use-have suddenly be­ Mr. Gambaccini. "What we should be after sit and its role in promoting energy con­ come so, and they all point back to the effi­ in our systems is a family of services. The servation and urban revitalization. ciencies of the central city." art form, of course, involves blending these Transit is no cure-all to the energy Louis J. Gambaccini, commissioner of services together in the most creative way so transportation in New Jersey, and former that each works at its optimum level." crisis-not by a long shot-nor is it the general manager of PATH, is not convinced Dr. Bailey is another of the city's admirers: saviour n.f our cities. Investments in rail that a full scale "renaissance" is on the way "Thirty years ago Toronto was merely a sort transit systems, however, can play a in our cities, but is certain that development of Midwestern distribution center in U.S. valuable role in promoting both goals. on the outlying areas of cities has run its terms, but now it is the most exciting me­ The great cities of the world have long course. tropolis in the continent because of its in­ recognized the importance of efficient "As a country," he says, "we've grown up Ve3tment in rail transit. The government public transportation. During the past with an addiction to the automobile-the there has achieved a logical reinforcement of convenience of point-to-point coverage, the transit decisions with all other kinds of decade, Canada in particular has made speed, and that sort of thing-but all of that development decisions. Unless we in the U.S. great strides in this field, with new tran­ is changing. Government funding policies are achieve this, it will be nearly impossible to sit systems or extensions built in Mon­ moving away from feeding the appetite of the bring rail transit to the point of serving sub­ treal, Toronto, and Edmonton. More automobile-the highways, the p~rking lots, stantially more riders than it does now." transit lines are planned for other Cana­ the suburban and exurban development." MOSTLY EXTENSIONS dian cities, cities whose population size REVITALIZATION Investment in major new heavy rail sys­ would effectively disqualify them for If it's agreed that the central city is vital tems in the next decade, it seems, will be the similar grants from the U.S. Urban Mass to metropolitan life, then it's important that exception rather than the rule. The rule will Transportation Administration. rail transit systeins be around to strengthen be investment in improvements and exten­ The Canadians and others are suc­ the central city and tie it to the rest of the sions to existing systeins. New starts in light ceeding, while we are failing. We do not metropolitan area. rail, however, may be more likely, unless like to hear talk like that, but it is in­ "There's a direct relationship between a costs escalate at an increasingly quicker pace disputable in this case. If you would like rail transit system that makes a number of and put the price of building a system out stops within a downtown area and the via­ of sight. to learn more, I urge you to read this bllity of the downtown," says Dr. John A. The investment policy of rail transit's pri­ timely article entitled, "Will it Take a Bailey, a noted engineer and planner with mary financier, UMTA, is of paramount im­ Crisis?": the Philadelphia firm of Louis T. Klauder & portance. Curernt UMTA policy is that the WILL IT TAKE A CRISIS? Associates. "For instance, the most livable agency "wUl continue to finance the con­ (By Terry Breen) and culturally active cities-such as San struction of new rail lines and extensions Many uncertainties cloud the future of rail Francisco, Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston, and to existing rail systems in those urban cor­ transit, but the mode's major roles are not New York-all have extensive rail transit ridors whose population densities, travel vol­ among them. As largest capacity hauler of systems. The cities in the greatest disrepair, umes, and growth patterns indicate a need all transit modes, as efficient user of alterna­ like Detroit and Cleveland, lack adequate for high-capacity, high performance mass tive sources of fuel, and as shaper of quickly rail transit service in their downtown areas. transportation service." growing cities and re-shaper of mature ones, Detroit has no system at all, and Cleveland's In deciding which new rail segments to rail transit wm be a welcome asset in cities system has very few stops downtown." fund, UMTA says it wlll give preference "to faced with diminishing petroleum supplies, Mr. Hirten strikes a similar note: "One corridors serving densely populated central a possible stabilization in automobile use, might say that most of our cities are already portions of metropolitan areas, including cen­ and an evergrowing population. developed, or framed at least, in terms of tral cities and close-in suburbs, as well as Among the major uncertainties in rail structure. But rail transit could have, and to "metropolitan areas which view rail transit transit's future are the stances concerning should have, a lot to do with shaping the investment as part of a long-term regional public policy and funding to be taken in next generation of development. We should strategy to protect the environment, conserve Washington. It shouldn't require a severe keep in Inind that San Francisco was in energy, promote urban economic develop­ crisis of some sort to propel the federal gov­ the doldruins until after BART was approved ments, and support orderly patterns of ernment into increasing significantly its fi­ and a surge of building began downtown. metropolitan growth." nancial stake in rail transit-but, regret­ And now, in Washington, D.C., new building Certainly, there is much speculation and tably, it may. is starting to happen due in large part to debate about cities which would be good Metro's success. It's clear that, in the future, For years, industry officials, planners, and candidates for both heavy rail and light rail. scholars have recognized the necessity of rail electric rail systems in the variety of forms­ One of the more interesting lists of likely transit in our future, and now our political commuter, rapid transit, so-called light rail, candidates is contained in a study done re­ leaders show signs of being interested as well. and maybe even electric trolley buses-wlll cently by a New York firm known as the So the question is not whether rail transit be rediscovered because of the energy prob­ Reigonal Plan Association. will play a big part in the future of our urban lem, but people will soon realize that these As likely candidates for new heavy rail areas, but how and when. systeins serve a very fundamental purpose in systems (excluding Baltimore, Atlanta, and urban development." Miami, which are building systems) the study URBAN SURVIVAL? Mr. Herringer agrees. Says he: "Rail tran­ lists Los Angeles, Honolulu, Houston, Detroit, It almost goes without saying that, unless sit enables a city to function and grow with­ Dallas, and Seattle. our central cities continue to serve a pur- out adding highway capacity, which means And, for light rail systeinS (excluding Buf- 13538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 falo, which is building a system) it lists St. THE SUGAR SUBSIDY: THE talk. With voters fuming over sky-high food Louis, Milwaukee, Providence, Minneapolis­ SWEETEST DEAL prices, many Congressmen would just as St. Paul, San Diego, Indianapolis, Louisville, soon see the bill never come to a vote. · Says Denver, Cincinnati, Port!ana, and Commbus. Massachusetts Republican Margaret Heck­ We at Modern Railroads agree that these HON. DANIEL B. CRANE ler, a member of the House AgricUlture Committee: "Inflation is the nation's No. 1 cities appear to be likely candidates, but con­ OF ILLINOIS sider it a long shot indeed for more than enemy, and things just cannot stay the same an handful of them to get either light rail or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for easy subsidies. The sugar bill represents heavy rail systems underway within the next Tuesday, June 5, 1979 the legislative process at its worst." 10 years. It would take a substantial in­ The U.S.'s 19,000 growers constitute a mere crease in federal commitment to do more. e Mr. DANIEL B. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, one-half of 1% of all farm families, but In the next 10 years, we believe that De­ the issue of subsidizing the sugar indus­ propping up their prices last year cost tax­ troit, Honolulu, and Los Angeles will be the try will soon be considered by the House. payers and consumers $2.6 billion in support best bets for heavy rail systems, and Portland I do not see a single reason why, in light payments and artificially high retail prices and San Diego the best bets for light rail of skyrocketing prices, the American tax­ for the sweetener: The subsidy system has systems. payer should continue to subsidize the also created an ever growing Government Also in the next decade, we see much activ­ stockpile of sugar, currently 193,000 tons, sugar grower. that now lies rotting in Florida and Texas ity in extensions to systems, especially in I know of no reason why the United warehouses. Eastern cities, and perhaps on BART in Oak­ States should maintain a program whose land or San Francisco. Extensions to airports The struggle over sugar is an embarrass­ we see as constituting a major push in the goal is to keep the price of sugar arti­ ment for Jimmy Carter. Eager to slow the 1980s. Outside of Europe, only Cleveland's ftcially high by limiting total supply to a rising cost of food, the Administration con­ rapid transit system directly ties downtown level sufficient to achieve a domestic pro­ demned the bill when it was introduced in to airport. The Metro in Washington brings ducer's price as determined by a political the House last February by a coalition of the rider within a long walk of the terminal formula rather than the free market. Be­ farm-state legislators. But when sugar in· at National Airport, but this is certainly bet­ dustry supporters in Congress threatened to cause we have such a program, we have retaliate by blocking approval of the in­ ter than nothing. We consider likely candi­ seen over the course of the past 40 years dates for airport extensions to be Chicago, ternational trade agreement that was en­ New York, Newark, Philadelphia, and San price fixing, quotas, Government decrees, dorsed last month in Geneva, the White Francisco. international trade barriers, uneconom­ House abruptly switched signals and said ical production, subsidies, and total bu­ the President would support the bill. The MONEY, MONEY, MONEY reaucracy as hallmarks of a plan that turnabout left White House Inflation Ad­ When the Surfa.ce Transportation Assist­ long ago outlived its usefulness. viser Alfred Kahn in an impossible situation. ance Act of 1978 came into being, transit Asked during House Agriculture Committee supporters applauded Congress for legislat­ The program has not kept prices from hearings if he considered the blll inflation­ ing a modest increase in the funding author­ running wild, nor has it always assured ary, Kahn replied: "Let the record show ization for mass transit. But the total au­ adequate supplies at stable prices. In an embarrassed silence.'' thorization---$15.66 blllion between fiscal fact, by providing some foreign nations The industry itself is split on the legis­ years 1979 and 1983-is, of course, a ce111ng with privileged and arbitrary access to lation. The bill puts a limit of $50,000 in limit, which may, and probably will, be un­ the U.S. market, it has been to some de­ total direct payments to any grower, and dercut by Congress in its appropriwtions. Al­ gree responsible for the volatile world that is welcomed by small farmers such as ready, things are headed in that direction: Idaho sugar-beet growers but bitterly op­ Congress' mass transit appropriation for fis­ price of sugar. posed by plantation-scale growers in Hawa11 cal 1979 was $239.5 million below the author­ In the June 4, 1979, issue of Time mag­ and Louisiana. Another of the b11l's clauses ization. azine, there is an informative article on raises the minimum wage for field hands Despite this shortfall for fiscal 1979, the this matter entitled "Going Sour on Sug­ from $3 to $3.30 an hour, and Democratic Carter administration, in its fiscal1980 budg­ ar Payoffs." In it, Time observes that Senator Russell Long of Louisiana argues et proposal, calls for Congress to appropriate for every 1 cent increase in sugar price that the provision would require an even just $2.82 billion of the $3.27 billion author­ supports, $500 million a year is added to higher level of price supports for growers. ized to be spent on mass transit in fiscal With that in mind, Idaho Democratic Sen­ 1980. APTA, with due cause, has beseiged Americans' grocery expenses. At a time ator Frank Church is pushing for a rise to Capitol Hill with demands that Congress when we are supposed to be fighting in­ 17¢ per lb. Frets one industry lobbyist in close the shortfall gap for fiscal 1979 with ftation, I think it is reprehensible that Washington: "All this agitation for more a supplemental appropriation and bring the there is a program which unnecessarily subsidy is going to klll the goose that appropriation for fiscal 1980 up to the amount costs the American consumer extra dol­ laid the golden egg." If so, it is about time.e authorized. lars and causes artificially high retail We view, on one hand, the Carter adminis­ prices. tration's pleas to the public to cut gasoline I would urge my colleagues to give PROBLEMS OF RECOGNITION OF' consumption in the face of uncertainties in RHODESIA Iran and, on the other, its slim budget re­ serious consideration to the article from quests for mass transportation, as highly in­ Time. It is hereby inserted into the REc­ consistent, if not downright ludicrous. We ORD for their review: HON. HOWARD WOLPE can only hope that Congress will come to the GOING SoUR ON SUGAR PAYOFFS-80ME OF MICHIGAN rescue for fiscal years 1979 and 1980, and, LUMPS ON CAPITOL HILL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When it comes to protectionism, the sugar if it needs to, in the years beyond. Tuesday, June 5, 1979 Dr. Bailey sees more and more federal mon­ industry has been given some of the U.S.'s sweetest deals. For 40 years cane and beet • Mr. WOLPE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ey becoming available in the years ahead for growers were shielded by import quotas that rail transit, but believes that the money will not only helped keep domestic prices at draw the attention of my colleagues to "lag the need until we have a major petro­ twice the world level, but also fostered an article concerning Zimbabwe-Rho­ leum crisis." But all will not be sweetness corruption and bribery and made Congress­ desia which appeared in the May 31 edi­ and light at that point because a response men like the late Harold Cooley, Demo­ tion of the Washington Post. This article to such a crisis might beget another crisis cratic chairman of the House Agriculture offers an important reminder that Amer­ in cities with little or no rail transit capabil­ Committee, virtual Secretaries of State for ica has vital economic and strategic ity: that of discovering, almost overnight, Sugar. interests not only in the southern Afri­ that "the physical barriers of engineering, Congress scrapped the quotas in 1974, but can region but throughout sub-Saharan land acquisition, transit car acquisition, and the sweetheart spirit survives. Under a four­ Africa, and that a precipitous decision by the like, will make it very difficult to provide year-old program of Government subsidies and price supports, growers st111 get twice the United States to lift sanctions anything as fast as we need it." against Rhodesia will have the most Even in cities with considerable mass tran­ the world level, or at least 15¢ per lb. Now they are pushing legislation to add another negative repercussions not only in Rho­ sit capacity, another crisis of sorts could eight-tenths of 1¢ to supports, and to keep desia but throughout the African con­ crop up. John Hirten describes the scene: "If the price rising by a full 7% annually until tinent. The carefully nurtured relation­ everyone starts taking transit very suddenly 1981. The raise may not seem like much, ships which we have developed only re­ in a city, say, like Washington, transit would but each one-penny increase adds $500 mil­ become overcrowded and dirty and hot and lion a year to Americans' grocery expenses. cently with many African nations will messy, and transit's role would be pretty Sugar growers claim that they need the be directly undermined by a premature much defeated. So, very simply, as a country, increase to cover their rising costs, but for initiative on our part. Countries such as we must have the foresight to prepare for the first time in memory Congress does Nigeria, Botswana, Liberia, Ivory Coast, any crunch."e not seem so ready to swallow their sweet Senegal, Gabon, Cameroon, Sudan, Mali, June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS. OF REMARKS 13539 and Kenya--which we regard as moder­ Nigeria. is coming under increasing pres­ (HR 3712) that would eliminate the tax­ sure from the so ca.lled front-line states exempt status of its bonds, reported it will ate and friendly toward the United involved in the Rhodesia. confilct oo use its stop accepting loan a.pplica. tions from banks states-would clearly regard a unilat­ economdc influence with Washington and next Friday. eral initiative by the United States to London as a. last resort to h.a.lt Western If the tax-exempt status on the bonds lift sanctions at this time as a deep moves toward recognition. These states are which AHFC sells to raise its mortgage money affront and as tantamount to an Amer­ holding fast in their support for the Patri­ is eliminated, interest rates for homeowners ican decision to oppose majority rule in otic Front, the a.llda.nce of black na.t1onallst forced to turn to commercial banks would southern Africa. To decide to lift sanc­ guerlrillas seeking to overthrow 1ihe MU2;orewa Jump by three percent. tions against Rhodesia without the sup­ government. For a. borrower of $65,000, the hike in in­ Presently, the five front-line leaders are terest rates would mean monthly payments port of our friends in Africa--indeed, trying to arrange a. summit meeting that of about $135 more. without even serious consultation-will would include both Nigeria. and Ethiopia. to The Ways and Means Committee is consid­ only mean our isolation in a continent in dTa.w up a. concrete military and poUtlcal ering a transitional ruling Wlhich would allow which the United States has vital eco­ pla.n to counter the new black-led Zimbabwe­ state housing corporations to sell bonds ap­ nomic and strategic interests. The article Rhodesia. government. This would presum­ proved prior to the bill's introduction on follows: ably include economic retaliation from April 24 (this year). Nigeria. and military assistance from both Jack Linton, AHFC executive director, NIGERIANS WARN WEST ON RECOGNITION OF Nlgeria. a.nd Ethiopia. for the guerrillas and RHODESIA-LAGOS A MAJOR SUPPLIER OF OIL noted a. $105 milllon bond issue set for June their front-line backers. 21is covered by the Ullman bill. If an amend­ TO UNITED STATES Western observers here a.re still uncerta.ln ment is not passed, Linton added, AHFC will (By David B. Ottaway) just how far Nigerda. is willing to go in using not process any more mortgage loan applica­ LUSAKA, ZAMBIA, Ma.y 30--Nigeria., black its economic weight with either London or tions after June 8. "After that," Linton Africa's major oil exporting nation, ha.s sent Washington. It has never shown much inter­ noted, "we'll be out of money." warning signals to the United States a.nd est in a.n oil embargo before, a.lthouglh it has More than 850 loans totalling $57 million Britain that it will retaliate 1f they recognize made known its special concern for the wars are currently being processed by AHFC. These the new black-led government under Bishop of liberation being fought by black nation­ loans wlll not be terminated if the compro­ Abel Muzorewa in Rhodesia. alists against the whdte-domina.ted govern­ mise amendment fails. The signals are regarded as significant since :nents of south Africa.. Alaska. Housing Finance Corp., a. state­ Nigeria now is the second-ranking exporter A 1977 attempt to punish the British­ managed mortgage fina.ncer, serves as the of oil to the United States, a. role that is owned Ba.rcla.ys Bank for its investments in largest source of home mortgage loan fund­ given added weight as a. result of gasoline South Africa. by throwing it out of Nigeria ing in the state. More than 27 percent of shortages. backfired a.nd ended in hurting Nigerla.n home loan funding in Anchorage and 65 per­ The United States currently imports ap­ interests more than Brdtish ones. cent outside of Anchorage are provided by proximately 1 mllllon barrels of oil dally from The Nigerian government has made it clear AHFC. Nigeria, or about 15 percent of its total im­ it does not regard the MU2lO.l"&W'8. government AFHC sells housing bonds on national ports, at a. cost in excess of $5 billion yearly. as legitdmate. The Nigerian chief of state, markets, financing low-cost mortgages with Although the Nigerians have not yet spe­ Gen. Olusegun Obasa.njo, said Friday tha.t the sale funds. Commercial banks currently cifically threatened an oil embargo, they sent Nigeria. regarded the April elections in are charging 11%, percent interest on home a. statement to a.ll embassies here in Lusaka Rhodesia as "a. mockery of democracy" and mortgages, but through the discounting early this month assuring African and West­ had no intent.don of recognizing the results. process, AHFC is charging only 8% percent. ern nations that they wlll make an "appro­ Meanwhile, 1ihe government-owned Daily The AHFC program has offered more than priate response" to any American or British Times had warned in an editorial that the $500 mlllion in Alaska loans since 1971. In steps toward recognition. carter administration would be making a 1978, it generated $138 mill1on worth of In addition, they have told U.S. Embassy "serious mistake" if it decided to build its home mortgages. officials in Lagos privately that this response relations wdth black Africa. on the "polltica.l fraud" being perpetrated today in Zimbaibwe­ But the Internal Revenue Service and the may be far stronger than Washington now U.S. Treasury Dept. have been lobbying anticipates, according to diplomatic sources Rhodesia.. other Nigerian newspapers have said Washington's credib111ty in black Africa. heavily against tax-exempt bond funding, here. because it reduces tax revenues. Nigeria already has given a. bite to its would be badly shaken and Nigeria. would be warning by excluding British companies last obliged to take action against it.e David A. Rose, executive director of the week from bidding on a $200 m1llion port Alaska. Municipal Bond Bank, blasted the construction contract despite a. British loan Treasury's involvement in the Ullman b111 as "insidious. . . . It constitutes control of the for the project. It also told the British they MORTGAGE REVENUE BONDS bond market without law-just by introduc­ may be shut out from all federal government tion of a. bill." contracts if Margaret Thatcher's new con­ servative government recognizes the Muzo­ HON. DON YOUNG Rose added, "Making the b111 retroactive rewa government, according to British com­ OF ALASKA to its introduction date is unacceptable. No bond counsel in America is going to issue mercial a.nd diplomatic sources here. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Nigerian action reportedly has sent an opinion on these tax-exempt bonds. The British officials scurrying to reassure Lagos Tuesday, June 5, 1979 Treasury has manipulated the market and effectively locked it up with the bill." that London has no intention of "rushing" • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, to recognrize the Muzorewa. government. the construction season in Alaska has But Rose is optimistic about the passage But the Nigerians have made their point, of a.n amendment (or rider) to the Ullman namely that they a.Te serdous in their stated begun. Unless bond sales are finalized, legislation. "I am reasonably confident that intention of using their economic weight to housing projects in many areas of Alaska some compromise will go through-there halt what one British newspaper has oo.lled will not begin this season. The potential should be considerable pressures from the "creeping Western recognition" of the new effects of this situation would be devas­ housing and investment industries." black-led government in Z·imba.bwe-Rhodesia.. tating for there will be even higher un­ If a compromise action fails, however, Nigerian civ111an and military leaders are employment than that which currently Rose acknowledged Alaska will be hard hit. reported to be discussing such retaliatory exists, and many Alaskans will not have "We knew there was debate over tax­ measures as nationalization of British or homes this year. Passage of the Udall­ exempt bonds, but we didn't expect legis­ American compa.ntes, a.n oil embargo, with­ lation would target state mortgage agen­ drawal from the British Commonwealth a.nd Anderson bill severely dimmed the fu­ cies," he said. "And if the AHFC is forced to a. ban on, Brdtish a.nd American companies ture economic situation for Alaska and close in June, more and more demand will bidding on Nigerian contracts. I do not feel that Alaskans are willing to be placed on a. finite amount of money in U.S. investments in Nigeria amount to accept another blow to the economy. I the state." about $1.2 billion, most of it in the oil and commend to you and my colleagues, an "That means less money for business loans gas industry, according to the U.S. Embassy article that recently appeared in the and commercial economic development. And in Lagos. Anchorage Daily News concerning the with that problem, a limited pot of funds In addition, Nigerda. slowly has been dis­ need for tax exempt mortgage revenue we can't sustain both housing and industry placing South Africa. as the biggest market in Alaska. It will definitely hurt the econ­ bonds: omy." Rose said. for U.S. goods in sub-Sahara Africa. In 1977, THREAT TO HOME LOANS U.S. exports to Nigeria. were just under $1 Perry Eaton, AHFC chairman, blamed "the billion while those to South Africa slightly (By Brian A. Huntley) greed of underwriters'' for precipitating con­ above. Alaska. residents will pay thousands o! dol­ gressional action. "They erected a. new Whlle figures for 1978 were not available lars more for home loans 1f a proposed freeze market for municipalities selling bonds­ here, it seems likely Ndgeria has surged ahead on loan applications by the Alaska Housing then the pressures from the Treasury and by now given the upwa.rd trend in econO'Illic Finance Corp. becomes a. reality next week. IRS grew. Now we're a.ll !aced with imminent trading between tale two countries. The AHFC, threatened by a. U.S. House bill disaster," he added. 13540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 Eaton shares Rose's view that the pend­ this topsoil, it does slow down the ero­ for public research and consumption. ing congressional action "is a law without sion process and reduces the immediate Mr. Hardesty has hit upon some practi­ a bill. . . . It is a. de facto limitation of impact on landowners. bond sales--a moratorium on any tax-ex­ cal suggestions for improvement. I am empt mortgage bonding," he said. In my home state of South Dakota, a glad to bring to my colleagues' attention Eric Wohlforth, AHFC's bond counsel, said survey was conducted after the drought a reprint of his article from the New he plans to continue lobbying in Washing­ years of 1975-76 of 418 farmers and York Times entitled "The President's ton next week. ranchers, one-half of whom were par­ Papers," and I insert it herewith for the Wohlforth urged additional efforts by ticipating in the program and one-half RECORD: Alaska residents to press Congress for a of whom were not. Their findings con­ [From the New York Times, Apr. 29, 1979] compromise. "Our economy will be dealt a severe blow," he added, "and unless we get cluded that 37 percent of those who were THE PRESIDENTS' PAPERS an immediate exemption our service to the not participating had experienced over­ (By Robert L. Hardesty) state will be irreparably damaged." e grazing or moderate-to-severe wind AusTIN, Tex.-After two centuries of con­ erosion. Thirty-five percent of those fused tradition, culminating in trauma, we participating were substantially better have finally settled the issue of who owns off than their counterparts in these same the papers accumulwted by a President dur­ GREAT PLAINS CONSERVATION two areas. ing his Administration. From George Wash­ PROGRAM AMENDMENT In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, the Great ington's time on, it was assumed that they Plains conservation program does work. belonged to the President himself. Watergate threw that tradition into sharp question. HON. THOMAS A. DASCHLE It is not a cure-all, but it does respond Last year, Congress finally reversed that to a significant problem that has faced tradition and, in legislation signed by Presi­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA and will continue to face the farmers and dent Carter in November, declared that those IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ranchers of this region. Considering the papers belong to the people. That was wel­ Tuesday, June 5, 1979 enormous amount of land lost every year come news. The papers of any President, for to urbanization and the fact that the better or worse, are part of the historic rec­ e Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. Speaker, today I world's population is expected to increase ord of the nation. Unfortunately, last year's am introducing legislation that will ex­ legislation only went halfway toward assur­ to 6 or 7 billion by the year 2000 should ing the safety and integrity of those Presi­ tend the Great Plains conservation pro­ impress upon us the need to facilitate gram. My amendment to the Soil Con­ dential papers. food production in America, a resource The disturbing fact is that the Presidential servation and Domestic Allotment Act is that has produced over $20 billion an­ papers--and indeed most of our national simple. It will basically extend the pro­ nually in expqrts and given its producer documents-are stlll under the control of the gram until1991 and raise the annual and the deserved reputation as the most ef­ General Services Administration, the parent program funding authorizations to $50 ficient and productive worker in the organization of the National Archives. I sup­ and $500 million respectively. world. There is no doubt in my mind that pose that the scandal-ridden G.S.A. has had The intent of this legislation is two­ enough criticism without my adding to it. the GPCP has been an effective formula But the scandals are not what bother me, in fold. One is that a 10-year extension will for preserving our precious heartland's insure proper and necessary oversight of this particular case. It is the heavy-handed agricultural topsoil. The continuation partisan nature of the G.S.A. that disturbs the program. Second, the program has of this program is the obvious and logi­ me most-along with the agency's basic in­ been successful and so well received that cal step in easing the potential disrup­ sensitivity to the needs of the National Ar­ presently there are over 5,000 persons tions posed by another drought or some chives. waiting to participate in the 10 Great other inclement weather conditions.• This uneasy relationship between the two Plains States alone. This, in fact, is the agencies has existed since the days of the only major problem the program has en­ Truman Administration when, in an effort countered. Due to a shortage of funds, to streamline the executive branch, the num­ these people are unable to participate. ber of persons reporting directly to the Presi­ A PROPER PLACE FOR THE dent was greatly reduced. It was then that My amendment would alleviate this PRESIDENT'S PAPERS the National Archives was placed under the problem by increasing the annual and supervision of the polLtically-orlented G.S.A. program authorization limits. In addi­ It would have made as much sense if some­ tion, by raising these caps, the program HON. J. J. PICKLE one had decided to place the Smithsonian In­ should be better able to compensate for OF TEXAS stitution under the supervision of the Corps inflationary pressures. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Engineers. Historians warned of the po­ I would like to emphasize at this time tential for mischief that the move created. that I do not feel this program should be Tuesday, June 5, 1979 It took 30 years for those warnings to bear their bitter fruit. expanded beyond the original 10 Great • Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, in the In the waning days of the Nixon Adminis­ Plains States. These States are uniquely course of the past several years we have tration, we finally saw how a political deal susceptible to wind and water erosion due observed some controversy over the between a President and one of his appoint­ to their geographic location and physical rightful ownership of Presidential pa­ ees threatened the integrity of the National terrain. Considering the present wait­ pers. That issue has been settled by ac­ Archives and nearly resulted in the loss of ing list of 5,000 and the fact that only tion of this Chamber. Presidential pa­ the documents of a critical time of our his­ 1,700 new persons were able to partici· pers belong to the American people. tory. That was when Mr. Nixon and his Ad­ pate last year, it seems inconceivable to However, we have hit a hurdle in making ministrator of the G.S.A., Arthur Sampson, entered into an agreement that would have further dilute the available funding to a final determination over how to pro­ given Mr. Nixon the right to destroy the ma­ persons outside the Great Plains States. vide maximum access to the papers. terials that gathered in his White House. Furthermore, at the program's inception In a recent issue of the New York That must not be allowed to happen aga.ln. it was determined by the Agriculture Times, Robert L. Hardesty of Austin, But as long as Presidential documents are Department that 180 million acres in Tex., hit upon this problem. Many of under the control of a politically-oriented these 10 States needed some form of con­ you may be familiar with Bob from his G.S.A., whwt happened in the Nixon period servation. To date, only 104 million have distinguished Government service with can certainly happen again. been contracted, and many of those are the Johnson administration to his pres­ The General Services Administration is the Government's landlord. Jt constructs the in need of further assistance since their ent service as a member of the Board of buildings that house the F!deral bureaura.cy, original contract expired. Again, I would Governors of the U.S. Postal Service. In cleans the halls inside those buildings, cUps like to emphasize that we should take our central Texas area, Bob Hardesty the shrubs outside, and supplles the penclls care of those in the originallO States be· has been a grassroots organizer for the for those who work there. Admittedly, the fore even considering expanding the pro· Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Aus­ landlord is an important functionary in the gram beyond the Great Plains region. tin, and is now vice chancellor for ad­ Government's operations. But this custodian The need for the continuation of this ministration of the University of Texas of the nation's brooms has no particular program is immediate. Several hundred system. qualifications for handl!ng Presidential pa­ pers--much less all of the rest of the price­ million tons of topsoil are lost annually Having served as speechwriter for less official documents of the executive in these States. The GPCP saves an es­ President Lyndon Johnson and in other branch. timated 240 million tons annually. Al­ ways having worked with Presidential Now that the issue of the ownership of though GPCP cannot preserve all of papers in trying to make them available Presidential papers has been settled, the time June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13541 has come to complete the task and determine FOREIGN CURRENCY DEVALUATIONS will be their turn to see us regain some of where those papers should be kept to assure Following World War II, the superb Ameri­ those markets. their integrity. The Archivist of the United can manufacturing, marketing and economic When American goods, other than our low States, traditionally a nonpolitical scholar, apparatus had the world trade markets pretty labor input Items such as raw grains or high is the official who has day-to-day control over much to itself. Both Western Europe and technical input items as commercial aircraft, the documents of our history. His independ­ Japan, today's g1a.nts, were clearing the start to sell once again In world markets, we ence must be protected. One solution might rubble and reassembling their manufactur­ will have reversed the trade cycle and find be the creation of an independent National ing and financial base. One by one, follow­ ourselves as increasingly effective exporters Archives, with the Archivist accountable to ing the lead of Germany and England, most and less interested importers. The decline of Congress. Another answer might be the align­ of the countries around the world con­ the dollar's value against the currency of our ment of the Archives with a. more congenial ducted a. series of devaluations against a competitors gives us the prime weapon tO agency tha.n the G.S.A., such as the Smith­ continually stronger dollar. win back our overseas markets. sonian Institution. Still another answer We tend to forget that in 1948 the Ger­ EVERYONE 'BUYING AMERICAN' might be to place the Archives in the pro­ mans replaced the reichsmark with a. brand Do you know that American manufactured posed new Department of Education (assum­ new unit, the deutsche mark. In effect, the cars are a hot item in Germany? General ing that department ever comes into being). Germans started over. And, after the war, Motors' Oldsmobile will sell for about $11,000 It should not be too difficult to find an the British took the $6 pound sterling and In Frankfurt compared to a similar model answer, and wilth it a. proper home for the let 1t go down step-by-step to where it bot­ Mercedes at $18,000. American real estate documents of our history. A committee com­ tomed out at $1.77. Even more dramatic, De­ properties and U.S. commercial enterprises posed of both scholars a.nd representatives of Gaulle exchanged one new French franc for are on the target "buy" list of every impor­ government helped illuminate the iSSue of 100 old French francs. tant foreign business group. To the foreign ownership of White House papers, on which These were necessary vital steps taken to businessman, the bargains that abound in the Congress acted last year. A similar com­ make German, English, French (and other) the American economy are unbelievable and mittee could now help complete the task. labor and industry competitive in world become better each day as the dollar Ellther the President or the Congress should markets. By the mid-1960s, the balance of declines In value against the currency of the appoint such a. committee. It is time to put the world's manufacturing and selling foreigner's country. our recordc; under lock and key-and turn the structure outside of the U.S. was tooled up Why then, with all these bargains, does the key over to someone who truly understands and ready to exert export trade superiority. dollar still show weakness? It won't for long what the National Archives is all a.bout.e U.S. LOSES MARKET DOMINANCE and a major rebound is just ahead of us as That is precisely what happened. Ameri­ our trade figures Improve dramatically in can industry group after industry group 1979 and 1980, and as we finally reduce our lost its competitive place--not only in world energy imports. You can own the dollar in FOREIGN TRADE: ARE WE LOSING export markets, but in the U.S. as well. It 1979, feel safe with it and begin to make A BATTLE? has been quite a shock to our economic well­ some money with a long position In dollars being and our national pride to see us lose in 1979, and surely by early 1980. markets overseas and within the U.S. to for­ With American labor and American prod­ HON. BRUCE F. VENTO eign textiles, shoes, TVs and radios, type­ ucts competitive and selllng once again in OF MINNESOTA writers, steel, autos-the list is long and world markets because the decline in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES infamous-to countries whose labor costs dollar's value has made it so, our export trade and productivity made them a better and wm lead the u.s. to a major industrial Tuesday, June 5, 1979 cheaper source of supplies. boom-a. boom that has great implications • Mr. VENTO. Mr. Speaker, foreign World trade now exceeds $1 trillion per for our position in world political and com­ year. This staggering figure, reduced to more mercialleadership.e trade is one of those arcane economic understandable proportions means that one­ activities about which much is written sixth of everything made, grown or mined and discussed, but of which little is gen­ on earth is traded between nations. erally understood. It is gratifying then To lose in this dynamic and crucial ac­ RHODESIA NEEDS AMERICA'S HELP when an expert in the field sets forth tivity is bad enough, but in 1973-1974 we dearly and cogently some truths about were forced to accept a. five-fold increase in the U.S. performance since World War petroleum import costs which forced com­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO II and puts in perspective the tremen­ peting energy sources in the U.S. to move up OF CALIFORNIA nearly as fast. As the prime energy user of dous international economic strength of the world, the entire cost base of our econ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our country. omy-particularly industries that are labor­ Tuesday, June 5, 1979 Burton Joseph, a highly respected intensive or have high energy requirements­ Twin Cities businessman and leader in became badly skewed against those in com­ • Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, civic, cultural, and religious affairs, has peting countries with lower per unit labor the following editorial, by William Ran­ written an excellent analysis of foreign costs and lower per unit energy inputs. dolph Hearst, concerns the new relation­ trade which was reprinted in the St. Small wonder the sudden reversal of our ship that the United States should now Paul Sunday Pioneer-Press for June 3, trade balance and the enormous trade establish with Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. deficits ($2<>-$30 billion per year) of 1977, 1979. I recommend it highly to my col­ 1978 and apparently 1979. I share Mr. Hearst's hope that the leagues. United States and Great Britain will act TURNAROUND PREDICTED quickly to establish formal relations with The article follows: In my opinion, this abysmal record is FOREIGN TRADE: ARE WE LOSING A BATTLE? finished. We have a new scenario, I am con­ the constitutionally elected Rhodesian (By Burton M. Joseph) vinced that the for-the-record statements Government. To continue to impose is To take a contrary position on American from Washington's political leaders that the sanctions to encourage more blood­ export potential in 1979 is a sacrilege of the American government is doing everything shed from the terrorist leaders, who highest order. The standard line as fash­ within its power to stop the decline of the refused to participate in the recent ioned by the Western European leaders American dollar against foreign currencies elections. (President Valery Giscard d'Estaing of are just that--statements for the record. In The editorial follows: truth, our governmental leadership is satis­ France and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of RHODESIA NEEDS AMERICA'S HELP Germany) is that the United States refuses fied to permit the dollar to float down in to d1sc1pline itself enough to correct its value against the world's other major cur­ (By W1111a.m Randolph Hearst Jr.) budgetary deficit or to become productive rencies until American labor is once again NEw YoRK.-Rhodesia has arrived at a enough in its manufacture for export competitive with other world labor. turning point in its history. This coming Fri­ markets to reduce or to eliminate the huge No wonder German and French political day its name will be changed to Zimbabwe­ balance of payments defic1t. leaders, their banks and businesses are call­ Rhodesia, it will install its first black prime I think the theory is hogwash and I be­ Ing for the Americans to do something to minister, and for the first time In 90 years its lieve the U.S. is about to reemerge as an check the decline of the dollar. Believe me, doors will be open to a. free and representa­ efficient, competitive exporter as a result it's not because they view the dollar as so tive biracial government. of the enormous devaluation of the dollar important to their own economic stab111ty, Rhodesia's future of freedom is anything to the level that makes American labor once but because the cheap dollar guarantees but certain, however. How far it wlll turn in again, after 10 to 15 years of a punishing competition for their goods in world markets. that direction depends a lot on the help and negative trade interregnum, competitive in They unfortunately forget our willingness to understanding it receives from Great Britain world markets. Sounds crazy? Let's trace stand by in the late 1940s and 1950s when and the United States. Despite the dramatic a little history to see if the world trade they devalued, became competitive against us changes to take place five days hence, the pendulum is cycling back to the U.S. and took over many of our markets. Now it struggling African nation needs Anglo- 13542 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979

American assistance in the form of lifting in Rhodesia was monitored by dozens of im­ 0UB HOUSING MARKET FACES A THREAT trade sanctions, and a lifting of the West's partial observers, despite the stubborn re­ Alaska Housing Finance Corporation isn't insistence that two guerrilla leaders partici­ fusal of Washington and London to dispatch exactly a household word in Alaska, but pate in the new government. their own professional monitors. Among the thousands of residents know the agency well. It is my hope that such assistance will be most d111gent watchdogs were representatives It has been the key ingredient in almost 40 forthcoming, quickly and willingly, from a of Freedom House, a private New York orga­ percent o! the home mortgages in our state United States and Great Britain that have nization many of us respect because of its in the last nine years. always championed both the principle and independence and its concern for human Now that program is in danger of immedi­ practice of popular government. The absence rights and civil liberties throughout the ate collapse, the potential victim of legisla­ of such help could mean that Rhodesia will world. tion under consideration in the U.S. Congress be forced to go it alone, its economy ham­ Freedom House didn't just take a quick that could gut the housing loan program in strung by trade barriers and its transition look and dash off a press release. It took the the state by removing AHFC's tax exempt regime choked-if not k1lled-by the two pains to write a 72-page report. full of docu­ status. A June 8 deadline looms for decisions terrorist leaders, Joshua Nkomo and Robert mentation and recommendations. Its docu­ Mugabe. affecting this summer's construction season, ments led to the conclusion the elections in and the odds for favorable resolution are The elections that brought Margaret Rhodesia were a "relatively free expression Thatcher to power in Britain brought hope estimated at no better than 5~50 today. of the wm of the people," which in turn led Alaskans are accustomed to the unpopular to us all that Rhodesia's moment had in­ to the recommendation the United States deed come, and that Friday's turning point fact that federal legislatJon can have dra­ ought to change its policy. matic impact on their lives, but this case is would be permanent, not just a gap between This report, as well as those of other im­ two periods of turmoil. even more serious than most. This time, it's partial observers, convince me Lord Carring­ the mere threat of legislation that raises That hope was renewed last week by Secre­ ton is correct to say it would be "morally tary of State Cyrus Vance's three-day visit in danger. wrong" to ignore the free voice of Rhodesia, AHFC can purchase mortgages from low London, and his talks with leaders or the a solid majority of whose citizens went to new Oonservative government. There are and middle income home buyers at rates the polls in an effort to change the course considerably below conventional financing signs both na.tions may be pulling away from o! history. The "morally right" thing for outmoded policies, .and the negative attitudes because it can sell bonds at low, tax-exempt Carter to do is to change the course of our rates. The d11ference in interest rates trig­ artioula.ted by our ambassador to the United own diplomatic history, and recognize that Nations, Andrew Young. gered by the tax exempt status can mean Rhodesia's moment has come. mortgage payments 2¥2 percent under other The stakes e.re high. Rhodesia's future The Carter-Young-Vance policy argues hangs in the balance. An opportunity for loans-a difference of about $140 in monthly Rhodesia to make a beginning toward a truly that recognizing Rhodesia's transition gov­ house payments. For many Alaskans, it's the representative government may not come ernment without including the guerr1llas only hope for home ownership. again in your lifetime or mine. would prolong the war. That's what I call a Since 1970, thousands have used that ad­ 'Prime Minister Thatcher, as candidate policy of fear, and we should have no part vantage to buy homes. Some 27 percent of Thatcher, spoke convincingly of her wish to of it. If Rhodesians want representative gov­ home loans in Anchorage came under the recognize Rhodesia as soon as ifree and fair ernment, however difficult and imperfect the plan, and fully 65 percent of the mortgages elections were held, and in other ways to help transition will be for the next 10 years, the in other regions of the state are held by it along its independent way. She embodied United States should help them. AHFC. That accounts for four of every 10 the Conservative Party's liberal attitude to­ The Carrington-Vance conversations may home loans in the state, a major percentage ward Rhodesia., as compared with the L1Jbeml be a good omen as Rhodesia prepares to of the market and a crucial factor in the Partys more rigid stance. launch its first black-white government on entire state economy. She extended that theme in her first ap­ Friday. Difficulties lie ahead, but there is The agency needs to sell $105 mill1on 1n pearance before the British Parliament, when great hope for the nation's future when the tax exempt bonds June 21 to finance the like all prime ministers sbe submitted her­ British government talks about legal inde­ 1979 construction season. Because of the self to a rugged question-and-answer period. pendence, and the "widest possible interna­ seasonal nature 'of construction in the When asked, "What about Rhodesia?" she tional recognition." north-and because AHFC has operated so said she was sending a special envoy to What's needed on this side of the Atlantic efficiently in the past-builders, lenders and Africa to sound out the views of governments is for Carter to demonstrate the kind of :flex· .buyers have already proceeded on the as­ in the area. She said she hoped tlhe day would ib111ty, ingeniuty and resourcefulness that sumption that the money would be avallable. soon come when her country would be satis­ made him the creator of peace in the Middle If it isn't, the results could be calamitous. fied with Rhodesia's progress toward a black­ East. A total of 863 applications for the AHFC majority regime, and would recognize Rho­ The result could be a free and responsible mortage money are already pending for this desia. as a legal entity. Rhodesia, dedicated to a spirit of liberty of season. Builders have embarked on projects The Carter admini~ration was wise to re­ which all free nations could be proud.e financed by credit from suppliers on the ex­ spond to the British elections by sending pectation that the June 21 sale would make Mr. Vance to London. It could hasten the day money available. The bon,d markets, as al­ Rhodesia, like Kenya, could become a show­ TAX-EXEMPT MORTGAGE REVENUE ways, would be ready and eager to buy the case of democratic experimentation, an ex­ BONDS AHFC bonds except for one fact. ample of how blacks and whites can live That fact is that the proposed federal leg­ peacefully in Africa under the same roof. islation would prohibit the sale of such Lord oarrtngton, Britain's new foreign sec­ HON. DON YOUNG bonds to finance mortgages. Even though it retary, took an extremely enlightened view of is only a proposal at this time, the possible , developments in Rhodesia. He seems to un­ OF ALASKA consequences are so severe that bond buyers derstand, better than our state department, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES won't touch the offerings un,Iess something the revolutionary nature of . what has been Tuesday, June 5, 1979 changes. taking place there. He told secretary Vance: Alaskans must labor mightily to win con­ "It is our responsibllity to try to bring • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker. cessions from the legislation Immediately. Rhodesia to legal independence in conditions I would like to direct your attention to Unless mark-up of the proposal-which which will afford that country tlhe prospect legislation pending before the House could begin any day now-includes recog­ of a more peaceiful future. To that end It will Ways and Means Committee regarding nition that programs like AHFC should be be our objective to achieve a return to legal­ allowed to proceed, the June 21 sale is dead. ity in conditions of the widest possible inter­ tax-exempt mortgage revenue bonds. "We're out of business June 8 If that hap­ n.a:tiona.l recognition. These types of bonds are used to finance pens," AHFC officials say, and 1! they are, He praised their elections as fair, empha­ a large portion of housing units in my so are lots of others. sizing tlh81t every man and woman, black or State. Although I realize the measure Bankruptcies of builders, unemployment white, was allowed to vote. proposed by my distinguished colleague for construction workers and lack of financ­ "There is now an African majority in Par­ and chairman of the Ways and Means ing for buyers all loom as immediate im­ liament," he said, and then looking ahead to Committee, Mr. ULLMAN of Oregon, is pacts. Through the "ripple effect," that 1m­ this Friday he added, ". . . and there is soon designed to correct a misuse of these pact would tranSil•ate into disastrous effects to be an African majority in government !or supply firms, service ln;dustries and the also. It would be morally wrong to brush bonds, unique circumstances in Alaska state's economy in general. aside a.n election in which 64 percent of tlhe create a real need for tax exempt mort­ It won't be easy to focus atte~tion on people cast their vote." gage revenue bonds. I am including in Alaska 1n this debate, but it's an effort that Brushing aside is something President the RECORD, an editorial that appeared must be made. AHFC and some other officials Carter has been adept at, so far. The world in the Anchorage Daily News of June 1, have pulled out the stops in trying to lobby wm be watching to see whether he continues 1979, addressing this important issue. I the Ways and Means Committee, but they this policy on June 15, the deadline for a need all the help they can get. Alaska's sen­ presidential decision on the fairness o! Rho- strongly commend this to my colleagues so they may better understand the spe­ ators, st9.te liaison personnel in Washington desia's elections a.nd the lifting of sanctions. a.nd Alaskans with contacts in the Congress No election ever took place without a little cific housing problems of Alaska. all should move with speed to make sure the laxity on someone's part. But the balloting The editorial follows: message reaches the Congress. June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13543 There have been some abuses natioil;SllY employes on Tuesday night, point to an un­ to distribute authentic Polish-made craft in use of the tax exempt bonds. Additionally, usual situation that has developed in Cali­ items such as wooden :figurines, music there are millions of dollars involved from fornia because of gasoline shortages. boxes, ethnic dolls, and ceramic pieces; short-term issues of eastern cities that may But the new statistics also show a nation­ and Dr. Mary Kuburczyk, who teaches at overshadow the Alaska stake in this ques­ wide pattern of sharp Increases In rail pas­ tion. Legislative strategy also may hurt the senger business In the wake of congressional Kent State University in Ohio where she state, because opponents of the proposed b111 decisions to permit the CaTter admlnlstra­ has established a formidable reputation don't want to make accommodations, Oil: the tlon to begin planning for a 43 percent cut­ as a professor who derives enjoyment theory that if the b111 is more hurtful, it back In Amtrak routes on Oct. 1. from her teaching and demands excel­ will have less chance of eventual passage. According to the ridership figures: lence from her students. Those factors and others combine to make The Memorial Day weekend was one of the While all three of these women de­ the Alaska struggle an uph111 one. Capturing biggest on record for Amtrak, although ex­ serve the high honor bestowed on them, the attention of the powerful Ways and act data has not been compiled. Standees Means Committee, the IRS and other in,­ were reported on 39 trains, and such key sta­ I would like to tell you a little bit about terested parties wlll be difficult, but must be tions as the rallhub at Chicago and Union one of my constituents, Stella Walsh, done. Station here reported heavy loadings on who is, indeed, a world-famous track Whatever the eventual outcome of the bill, virtually all trains. star of legendary name. Alaskans must at least win authority to hold Trains with standing space only included Stanislawa Walasiewicz was born in the June 21 sale that was scheduled and ap­ Boston-Washington rol,Jtes and the H1lltop­ Poland in 1911 and then came to the proved before the legislation was introduced. per south of Washington, because of heavy United States at a very young age when A whole construction season, the welfare of travel to the Kings Dominion amusement thousands of Alaskans anp much of the park near Richmond. she became Stella Walsh. Stella grew economy of the state hangs in that delicate Last Friday, the Amtrak reservation sys­ up in Cleveland, Ohio, and attended balance.. tem contained the names of 200,000 persons South High School where she showed a seeking future space-90 percent higher than :flair for athletics, winning her first track advanced reservations at this time last year. medal in the Cleveland Junior Olympics, TRAINS ARE BACK Dollar volume of sales at the five main reser­ in 1927, at the age of 16. This would mark vation centers now exceeds $1 m1111on a day beginning compared with $600,000 a year ago, and ticket the of a long and auspicious HON. DONALD J. PEASE sales through automatic machines are up career in track on a national and inter­ OF OHIO 18~ percent. national scale. I am proud to say that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Amtrak had expected the reservation over­ Cleveland was the starting-point of load to ease a bit after United Air Lines re­ Stella's rise to world fame as an athlete. Tuesday, June 5, 1979 sumed some of its services Monday but An incredible success story was born in • Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, public spokesman Joseph Vranch said yesterday Cleveland in 1927, when Stella Walsh that the reverse has happened. Phone volume sprinted to her very first track medal. transportation in this country has un­ still is on the increase. Of callers to Amtrak dergone a significant turn-around in re­ reservation centers last week, 1.4 million got Stella Walsh qualified for the U.S. cent weeks. Tracks are back. During the busy signals-a situation expected to be Olympic team in 1928 but was not per­ Memorial Day weekend, more people helped this week as 100 new reservations mitted to compete because she had never rode the train than during that same clerks started their jobs after several weeks been naturalized as a U.S. citizen. But weekend at the height of World War li­ in training. she became U.S. champion in 1930 in the the peak U.S. passenger trains. Amtrak Meanwhile, there is no clear indication 100-yard dash, blazing to the finish line has had to reject any further requests about the future of Amtrak. Members of the in such a fiash that she was nicknamed House and Senate are preparing various the "20th Century Flash." In 1932, to for United States of America rail because amendments to Amtrak authorizations all passages have been booked for this b1lls-all of which plan to keep some trains make up for her disappointment at not summer. in business that now are scheduled to be being able to compete for the United It has long been speculated whether halted after Sept. 30. Final decisions may States in the 1928 Olympics, Stella ac­ people would really turn to the trains not be made until late In the summer be­ cepted an invitation to run for Poland when the price of gas and the supply of cause pro-Amtrak legislators are counting in the Olympic games. She raced to a gas became near prohibitive for vacation on a strategy of allowing the energy crisis to gold medal in the 100-yard da.sh, set­ and business travel. Now we know. The demonstrate Amtrak's advantages, especially ting a world record of 11.9 seconds. if gasoline remains in short supply during public depends on the trains to be coming weeks. The Polish Government honored her there-to meet their transportation According to the Carter Administration with lavish praise and held a public cele­ needs when the private car can no longer plan, two dozen trains are due to be stopped bration in her name. Stella toured be used. and Amtrak plans to post notices on such Europe and the Far East in 1934 as a The following is an article from the routes 30 days before discontinuance. representative of Poland. In the 1936 business section of the Washington Post Typical of the support for specific trains Olympic games, Stella ran a strong race (June 1, 1979) remarking on the sud­ now building on Capitol Hill, an aide to Rep. but finished second to an American den boom in passenger rail. Surely the Richardson Preyer (D-N.C.) said this week that Amtrak's Crescent between Union Sta­ sprinter named Helen Stephens. How­ Congress will recognize this signal and tion and New Orleans may still have a chance ever, not winning this race did nothing to vote for the Amtrak authorization for for survival if ridership gains continue. The diminish the brilliant track record Stella fiscal year 1980-H.R. 3996. Crescent is among trains due to be stopped would achieve, a record including 65 dif­ The article follows: under the administration plan.e ferent world and national track titles, TRAVEL RECORD NATIONWIDE ON AMTRAK some of which have never been broken. RAILS Before she hung up her spikes, Stella (By Wllliam H. Jones) POLISH AMERICAN WOMEN TO BE Walsh had won 5,000 track and field According to conventional wisdom, Ameri­ HONORED medals and trophies. cans have given up on passenger trains to Stella Walsh has been inducted into such a.n extent that the ralls never again the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame and into wlll rival highways for intercity travel. HON. MARY ROSE OAKAR OF OHIO six others a.s well. She stands proudly But this month-not counting Memorial beside Jesse Owens and Harrison Dillard Day-Amtrak carried more passengers be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as Cleveland's all-time top track per­ tween Los Angeles and San Diego than in Tuesday, June 5, 1979 previous rail history. formers. Stella Walsh may well be the Amtrak's San Diegans carried 128,037 • Ms. OAKAR. Mr. Speaker, on June 9, greatest woman track and field athlete riders from May 1 to May 27, breaking an 1979, three outstanding Polish American not only of this century but of all time. all-time record of 125,000 passengers carried women will be honored for their achieve­ It is a privilege and an honor to extend during the .month by the Atchison, Topeka ments by the Polonia Media Conference personal congratulations to a fellow & Santa Fe Railroad during World War II, VI, at Marymount College of Virginia. Clevelander, Stella Walsh, and to the when rail travel was at a peak. These three women are: Stella Walsh, other recipients, Virginia Luty, and Dr. Moreover, on the 8:30 a.m. departure for Mary Kuburczyk. San Diego on May 27, all seats were occupied an athlete who starred in the Olympic and there were 280 standing passengers, even Games of 1932 and 1936, winning several The Polonia Media Conference mem­ though Amtrak had attached 12 passenger gold medals; Virginia Luty, an enterpris­ bers are to be congratulated for their cars instead of the normal5. ing housewife who originated her own awareness of these outstanding women These new figures, distributed to Amtrak's "Polish Art and Crafts Import Parties" whom they are honoring.e 13544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 CONGRESSIONAL PUBLIC got more than $110,000 each from the com­ if they accept .the public subsidy. More t han FINANCING mittees, and found themselves under obli­ 90 percent of incumbents win reelection be­ gation to their benefactors before they even cause they receive most of the political­ took the oath of office. action money and because they begin the HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON One of the post-Watergate political reforms race with a giant head start: office slush OF ILLINOIS was a $10,000 limit on the amount that a funds, the franking privilege, newsletters to PAC could contribute to a single candldate­ their constituents, aides who speciallze in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $5,000 in both the primary and general elec­ public relations and many more advan­ Tuesday, June 5, 1979 tions. The rationale was that $10,000 could tages--all paid for with taxpayers' funds. not buy too much influence. But the recent But we urge the enactment of HR 1 and e Mr. ANDERSON of Dlinois. Mr. proliferation of committees representing the S 623 because the availab111ty of public Speaker, the Los Angeles Times recently same economic interests destroya that pre­ money would at least encourage more fre­ editorialized in favor of congressional sumption. One of the winning freshman quent and more credible challenges to in­ public :financing. Although the House Democrats from Texas acknowledges that cumbents in districts that are marginc:Ll be­ Administration Committee has dealt the most of the more than $110,000 that he got cause the incumbents' performance has been idea a setback, I remain convinced that from the PACs came from a number of marginal. committees representing different aerospace More important, public financing would public financing would improve the way companies. all but eliminate a clearly corrupting system House and Senate campaigns are con­ In the same way, PACs representing unions in which national legislators owe too much ducted. The Times editorial points out or trade or professional associations can pool to the special interests and too little to their that public financing would increase the their contributions to become the major con­ constituents.e number of viable challenges to incum­ tributor to candidates and, more often than bents, the major reason why Congress not, the major influence on their voting has rejected congressional public financ­ record. ing so far. They also note that the influ­ We believe that the growing power and THE SUGAR STABILIZATION ACT resources of the political-action committee3, ence of special interests will be reduced which all but negate the importance of the OF 1979 by public financing. As the role of polit­ poll tical parties and which diminish to a ical action committees increases, public null1ty the importance of the small con­ financing will be a more acceptable alter­ tributor, call for a public system of financ­ HON. JOHN B. BREAUX native. The editorial follows: ing Senate and House elections. OF LOUISIANA A CLEARLY CORRUPTING SYSTEM S. 623, now awaiting its first committee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We were early supporters of partial public test in the Senate, and HR 1, which is in Tuesday, June 5, 1979 financing of presidential elections, first tried serious difficulty in the House, would fund in 1976, and we now think the time has come congressional races in much the same way • Mr. BREAUX. Mr. Speaker, American to fund elections for the Senate and the as presidential elections. HR 1 was struck sugar producers face serious economic House of Representatives in the same way. down by the House Administration Commit­ problems today which threaten their Our reason for favoring public subsidies for tee late last week by a 17-8 vote, but Com­ existence. Indeed, in recent years, Lou­ presidential candidates was their increasing mon Cause and other advocates of public isiana sugar mills as well as sugar fac­ dependence on massive contributions from financing wm attempt to force a floor vote through the Rules Committee. tories elsewhere in the Nation have had special interests. Candidates from both major to shut down due to severe economic parties had become too beholden to their Both the House and Senate measures would biggest bankrollers, ranging from labor cover only general elections, and would be­ loss. Historically, once these facilities unions to corporations. come effective next year. To be eligible for close, they do not reopen. And, as the Until now, however, we have been against matching funds from the $1 voluntary in­ mills and factories go, producers de­ extending public financing to congressional come-tax checkoff, House nominees would pendent on them must either close op­ candidates. It was our opinion that full dis­ have to show a broad base of support by erations or face higher costs of trans­ closure of political contributions was an ade­ raising $10,000 in contributions of $100 or porting commodities to more distant quate safeguard against corrupting influ­ less-and 80 percent of the amount would facilities. America needs a strong do­ ences. We also thought that public financing have to come from the candidates' own states. mestic sugar producing industry. To ac­ and its concomitant spending limits would As a condition of receiving federal funds up work unfairly in favor of incumbents. to a. limit of $60,000, House contenders would complish this, we must adopt a national But it has become evident that candidates have to accept an overall spending limit of sugar program as proposed in the Sugar for the House and the Senate have also be­ approximately $195,000. Stabilization Act of 1979. Only then will come dangerously dependent on special­ In Senate races, the fund-raising neces­ this Nation have the stability in supply interest money. It is just as apparent that sary to qualify, the limit on matching funds and price so necessary for both con­ the booming costs of running for congres­ and the spending ce111ng would depend on sumer and producer. For this reason, I sional office have become a deterrent to chal­ the population of the state. submit for my colleagues the following: lengers who might otherwise oppose in­ The matching dollars would amount to approximately $30 million for House con­ SUGAR LEGISLATION: WHAT'S AT IsSUE AND AT cumbents. STAKE FOR U.S. PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS Those changing realities compel a change tenders and $18 mlllion for Senate nominees in our view. every two years. The issue in brief: Without a national Spending by congressional candidates in Both the House and Senate measures also sugar policy such as contained in The Sugar 1978 was almost 150 percent higher than in restrict the amount that candidates can Stab111zation Act of 1979, the U.S. sugar in­ 1976, and too much of the additional money contribute to themselves-$25,000 and $35,- dustry faces likely collapse-leaving U.S. came from political-action committees 000, respectively. The limits now in effect citizens in the clutches of a new worldwide (PACs), representing the most powerful for outside contributions-$1,000 from in­ cartel-this one keyed to food. lobbies in Washington. dividuals and $5,000 from PACs-would re­ SOME COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS Last year, the PACs gave House and Senate main the same. As in presidential elections, How much would this proposed program candidates $35.1 million, eight times the $4.4 a party's nominee could reject public financ­ raise the price paid by U.S. consumers for million spent on congressional races by the ing and the spending limits, but their op­ sugar? Democratic and Republican parties. ponents who did accept the subsidies would Very little. In fact, the Carter Administra­ There has also been a tremendous increase receive additional matching funds. tion's plan to raise the price less than one in the number of political-action commit­ One of our objections to the new legisla­ cent per pound-from 15 to 15.8 cents­ tees-from 600 in 1975 to more than 1,900 in tion and to the present mode of funding which, based on current consumption, would 1978. The largest gain has been in committees presidential elections is the binding limit mean no more than $3.00 per year more for representing corporations-from 89 in 1975 on overall spending and on the expend! ture a family of four. This modest increase would to roore than 800 in 1978. of a candidate's own money. It strikes us enable most U.S. growers to stay in business. Until recent years, the political-action that such controls impair a candidate's abil­ Is legislation really necessary? committees gave most of their money to ity to communicate with the voters, and Sugar is grown in the U.S. (see box on powerful incumbents whose committee posi­ thus restrict the First Amendment guarantee other side) by nearly 20,000 farm fam111es, tions gave them life-and-death control over of freedom of expression. who employ with sugar processors approxi­ important legislation. But now the commit­ But the fact that nominees can choose mately 100,000 workers. For most U.S. pro­ tees are spreading their largesse to larger not to accept pubUc financing and tts lim­ ducers who supply American consumers with numbers of senators and representatives and, its answers that objection, if not fully. about 55 percent of the sugar they use, it for the first time, are investing heavily in We are still convinced, however, that pub­ has been a constant struggle to stay in busi­ new members of Congress. lic financing will favor incumbents. Most ness. In fact, of the nearly 100 cane and Last year, the PACs gave an average of successful challengers have had to outspend sugar beet processing plants which existed $43,000 to candidates now serving their first their opponents, and by a considerable just a year ago, ten have been forced out of term. Two of them-Democrats from Texas- amount, but they will not be able to do that business. June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13545 Why is it in the interest of U.S. consumers wages set at levels a.bove Flair Lalbor Stand­ profits. The higher tariff was considered vital to maintain a viable domestic sugar in­ ards Act minimum. to domestic sugar producers, and one govern­ THE U.S. SUGAR INDUSTRY ment study concluded that it was "unlikely dust ry? any significant quantities of sugar would be If recent past history tells us anything at Nearly 14,000 farm families in 18 states grown in the United States 1f American pro­ all, it's that only a domestic industry can grow sugar beets and more than 5,000 farm­ ducers had to compete on the open world assure U.S. consumers adequate supplies at ers are involved in sug.a.roane production in market with sugar produced with cheap reasonable prices. Put another way, allowing Florida, Texas, Hawaii and Louisiana. This tropical labor under subsidy in other coun­ the U.S. to become totally dependent on for­ production accounts for approximately f;5 tries." eign producers would mean that U.S. con­ percent of sugar used domestically. The re­ If the domestic sugar industry does indeed sumers would have to suffer the conse­ maining 45 per

good luck and good fortune, we've man­ We hoped that our article would redirect ment. Do we want education to become more aged to finish that story. debate to the important questions surround­ of a federal responsibility? Do we want stu­ ing the federal role in education, and would dents, teachers, parents, administrators, Newman, the youngest, who joined prompt those who propose this legislation to local school board members, and state of­ Abruzzo and Anderson after their first explain more clearly why a federal depart­ ficials turning more and more to Washing­ trans-Atlantic balloon crossing ended in ment of education is needed. In my view, a ton for leadership and guidance-not to failure, was the briefest. "We did it, we convincing justification has not yet been mention increased financial support--for ed­ did it," was his jubilant cry that said made. ucation? Do we want to risk diluting the In recent testimony before this committee, federal emphasis on aid to the poor and it all. James T. Mcintyre, Jr., Director of the Office disadvantaged by broadening the areas of Although the three balloonists are of Management and Budget, argued that im­ federal concern for education? Do we want not constituents of mine, all of us in proved management of federal education to politicize education at the national level Nev: Mexico felt a special kinship with Qrograms was the primary goal of the leg­ by creating an office that will become the them during their flight and are very i&lation. There is no doubt that the organiza­ focal point for partisan efforts, with the proud of them. I urge support of the tion of HEW's Education Division needs to ideological course shifting with every change measure to recognize their grand be improved; the functions now split be­ of Presidents? Regardless of the qualifying tween the Assistant Secretary of Education and limiting language built into the legisla­ achievement.• and the Commisioner of Education should be tion, a vote for the department is to answer lodged in a single office. That step would each of these questions implicitly wlth a clarify who is in charge of the Education Di­ "Yes". REASONED OPPOSITION TO THE vision, and would eliminate several of the I should hasten to add that I do not be­ DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION overlapping or redundant functions outlined lieve that the administration and those in the testimony. Eliminating the separate members of Congress who support the bill checks currently provided by the Office of the intend to expand federal influence or con­ HON.JOHNM.ASHBROOK Secretary would not be a clear gain, however; trol over education. Indeed, it is but another OF OHIO legislative and budgetary proposals initiated of the ironies of this legislation that so little IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the Education Division are often im­ change is seemingly intended. If creating a proved by the reviews of the Assistant Sec­ department does not herald a. substantial in­ Tuesday, June 5, 1979 retary for Planning and Evaluation and crease in federal financing of education, nor e Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, ac­ other central staffs. My main point, however, a decisive shift in the purposes for which is not to disagree with the views that better current expenditures are made, then exactly cording to all surveys there are still about management is needed, but to question the what purpose is being served? For so little 50 or 60 undecided among my colleagues assumption that a cabinet-level department benefit, why run the risk of misleading peo­ in the House on the issue of the Depart­ is required to achieve it. Before that signifi­ ple? For it is inevitable that creating a ted­ ment of Education, H.R. 2444. This is an cant and essentially irreversible step is taken, era! Department of Education and a full­ issue that has been lurking in the wings it would be more prudent to allow Secretary time Education Secretary will lead to sharp­ of this Chamber for almost 2 years. Joseph Califano and Under Secretary Hale ly increased pressures for expanded federal About all that can be said about DOE n Champion to reorganize the Education Di­ aid to education, and perhaps for the direct vision in the obvious ways, reserving a de­ involvement in educational content that one has been said in the numerous editorials cision on more drastic action until the ef­ associates with an education ministry. To and dear colleagues that have poured fectiveness of those reforms can be judged. arouse such expects tions (or such fears) into our offices. Before this House con­ If the management case for a department through the symbolic act of reorganization siders the DOE bill and all its implica­ is, at best, debatable, then what of the argu­ seems to me a positive disservice to educa­ tions I want to share one set of thoughts ment for coordinating the hundreds of "edu­ tion. for efforts and energy that are better on this issue. Dr. David W. Breneman, a cation" programs scattered throughout the spent at the state, local, and private levels senior fellow at the Brookings Institute, federal government? The presumed need to will be deflected to Washington, attracted testifled before the House Government bring together many of these programs was by the potential for larger sums of money the principal justification given last year for and by the visibility and prominence that a Operations Committee on DOE earlier creating a new department. That argument, Cabinet Secretarv wlll have. this year. His remarks, which are opposed however, has become something of an em­ The contradictions inherent in this legisla­ to the Department, provide an excellent barrassment for departmental advocates, for tion are so numerous the alleged benefits so critique of many of the concerns those if last year's debate settled nothing else, it marginal, and the risks so substantial, that I of us in opposition have to creating a at least made clear that a politically accept­ urge you to weigh your vote with the utmost new national educational agency. able department would amount to little more care and to reject this proposal decisively. I have never been much of a supporter than HEW's Education Division elevated to Thank you.e cabinet status. The reorganizers discovered of the Brookings Institute, but the fact that there are good and compelling reasons that such a solid commentary on educa­ for leaving most of the programs that im­ PffiL BARDOS-A GREAT SERVANT tion can come out of its staff goes to show pinge on education in the various agencies OF THE PUBLIC that there is still hope for reason to win where they are currently housed. Most of out on this vitally important issue. these programs were not created primarily The statement follows: for educational reasons, but rather were HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. STATEMENT OF DAVID W. BRENEMAN designed to use the educational system to OF CALIFORNIA achieve more fundamental :federal purposes, (The views expressed herein are solely those such as reducing poverty, securing civll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the author and should not be attributed rights, strengthening national defense, or Tuesday, June 5, 1979 to the trustees, officers, or staff members pursuing full employment. What is left of of the Institution) the coordination rationale, therefore, is Sec­ e Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, it is Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ tion 211 of the blll, the Interdepartmental with a great deal of pride that I take this mittee: I appreciate the opportunity to ap­ Education Coordinating Committee. While opportunity to salute Phillip G. Bardos, a pear before this Subcommittee as the mem­ noble in purpose, it is hardly worth creating retiring member of the school board for bers consider legislation to create a federal a department in order to gain the services of the city of Los Angeles. His service to the Department of Education. this committee. education community and the people of Last year as the public discussion of the The remaining argument is the alleged Los Angeles is deserving of our recogni­ Department of Education progressed, it be­ need to elevate the status of educational is­ tion for his many contributions to the came clear that the issues receiving most at­ sues and concerns in Washington. Much is tention concerned which agencies would be made of the symbolic importance of having board. folded into the new department and which an education secretary at the Cabinet table. Phil Bardos was first elected to the would be left out. Whlle such debate was of Vice President Mondale noted recently that board of education for the city of Los interest to a Washington audience, it did not the United States is the only major indus­ Angeles in 1971. He was reelected in 1975 come to grips with the more fundamental trial democracy that does not have a Depart­ and had the distinction of serving as issue of a cabinet department's likely impact ment or Ministry of Education. Others have board president in 1973 and 1974. Mr. on the governance of education in this coun­ pointed out that the Commissioner of Edu­ Bardos will retire from the board at the try. In order to raise that issue, Noel Epstein cation lacks the clout to be seen regularly and I argued in a Washington Post article on Meet the Press or to be recognized by se­ end of the month, and he will be missed last summer that creating a department was curity guards at the White House. by the many who have had the privilege a backdoor way of expanding the federal gov­ Although it would be tempting to dismiss of working with him. ernment's influence over education. (A copy some of these concerns as unworthy of seri­ A graduate of West Point, a combat ot that article is attached, together with the ous discussion, that would be a. mistake, for veteran of the Korean conflict, and pres­ text of a debate on the topic held at the they get at the fundamental issue that con­ ently a lieutenant colonel in the u.s. Brookings Institute in December.) cerns many of us who oppose the depart- Army Reserves, Phil has demonstrated June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13575 his citizenship in a variety of ways. He many of its own supporters who were close to tive, inquisitive life that might seemingly has been affiliated with the Boy Scouts the Peace Corps in its early days. go on forever. of America and served as president of the 3) The admlnistration proposal to place This era, however, did not last for the Peace Corps in an "open cage" within • Alice Austen or for America. Progres­ Great Western Council. In 1976, he re­ ACTION is essentially a non-proposal. That ceived the coveted Silver Beaver Award. idea was jerry-built at the last moment to sively more destitute and helpless after As an honorary life member of the save face for ACTION officials after the House the crash of 1929, Miss Austen spent the Parent-Teachers Association, an active voted overwhelmingly to take the Peace latter part of her life far from the com­ member of the Association of California Corps out of ACTION. forts and joyful vitality that had char­ Urban School Districts, the Recreation 4) The House has held two years of hear­ acterized her youth. and Youth Services Planning Council, ings on the future of the Peace Corps during A year before her death in 1952, the and the Red Cross, Phil Bardos is worthy which ACTION officials staunchly defended first of Alice's photographs to be seen of our tribute for his commitment to the status quo--the closed cage. by modem contemporaries were pub­ these many worthwhile activities. 5) The House Bill (HR 3324) creates the lished 1n the New York News through Peace Corps as an autonomous entity with the efforts of the Staten Island Histori­ The California State Legislature is complete policy and budgetary control resid­ soon expected to pass a resolution com­ ing in a board of directors. The Peace Corps cal Society, which had rescued, housed mending Phillip G. Bardos for a job well will not be a box on any organization chart and valued her magni:ficent collection of done. We wish him every success for the (as it now is). over 4,000 glass negatives .. When Oliver future. On behalf of my colleagues in this The best hope for the long-term political Jensen, now a senior executive at Ameri­ House, I would like to extend to Phil a survival and public visib111ty of the Peace can Heritage, discovered the collection very special thank you.• Corps--and for its chance to pursue its ideal­ in the course of his own research for istic goals-lies in the process of public a book, he dedicated his efforts to hav­ hearings and public law, which is now at ing many pages of her photographs pub­ NO WINDOWDRESSING FOR THE work. Short-term political solutions by the lished in Life, Holiday and other maga­ PEACE CORPS administration and strange and confused images about cages for the Peace Corps by zines. Funds were raised from these The Post are of no help. sales, and Alice Austen, an inmate of HON. DON BONKER THOMAS J. ScANLON. the City Farm Colony at the age of 84, WASHINGTON .. was rescued from obscurity and poverty OF WASHINGTON for 1 last year of dignity and acclaim. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Her house, "Clear Comfort," is a prop­ Tuesday, June 5, 1979 THE LEGACY OF ALICE AUSTEN, erty of the Department of Parks and PHOTOGRAPHER Recreation of the city of New York, and • Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, the ad­ ministration has recently released an is a registered national historic land­ Executive order which would leave the HON. JOHN M. MURPHY mark. OF NEW YORK From the front lawn a visitor will see Peace Corps in ACTION, with what is the southern tip of Manhattan Island being called "greater autonomy." A care­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the north and the soaring towers of ful reading of the Executive order reveals Tuesday, June 5, 1979 the Verrazano Narrows Bridge to the it to be merely a cosmetic solution to the south. Brooklyn Bay Bridge is opposite-­ persistent problems of the Peace Corps/ e Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Spe9.ker, America's :first important and the shipping moving between New ACTION alliance. woman photographer was born, as I was, York's City's lower harbor and upper The plan which the House passed by an on Staten Island, N.Y., and she devoted bay provides a constantly changing as­ overwhelming margin-276 to 116 on her entire lifetime to the chronicling of pect on the Narrows in front of the April 9-is not being taken seriously by the people and lifestyles of that unique property. The building stands on a the administration. The fact of the mat­ borough of the city of New York. Her 6-acre plot at No. 2 Hylan Boulevard. ter is that only the protection of law, very special home, "Clear Comfort," Presently horses are allowed to graze or the work of the Congress, will pre­ overlooking the N9.rrows at the end of on the surrounding land and a second serve the Peace Corps' autonomy over Staten Island's Hylan Boulevard, was structure, the former New York Yacht time. Without that protection the Peace saved from demolition about 12 years Club, also known as the Bredt House Corps will continue to be vulnerable to ago, and presented to the city of New also stands on the acreage, the last open the whims of future administrations, York. In turn, the Friends of Alice Aus­ piece of Narrows shorefront between St. facing the prospect of Executive orders ten House have devoted themselves to the George and Fort Wadsworth. like the one which lumped it into preservation 9-nd development of the Alice's grandfather, John H. Austen, ACTION, or total dissolution altogether. house as a museum dedicated to the life purchased the original farmhouse in I would invite my colleagues to con­ and work of Miss Austen. 1844 for the sum of $2,500. A portion of sider the excellent letter to the editor of Alice Austen, born to amuence and the structure is believed to date from the Washington Post on the subject of social standing on New York's Staten the late 17th century. However, the place Peace Corps independence. I think it Island, began her lifelong devotion to reached its picturesque apex when the puts the political gerrymandering of the the c9.mera at the age of 10, in 1876. house was remodelled into a Victorian administration in its proper perspective. Though within the con:fines of the Vic­ Gothic cottage set into handsomely land­ The letter follows: torian era, her early life was not entirely scaped surroundings by the time of [From the Washington Post, May 17, 1979] consistent with the stereotype of the age. Alice's childhood. That the remodeled WU.L THE PEACE CORPS SURVIVE? There is more than a hint of her own Austen House was one of the sights of I would llke to comment on the May 5 feelings toward prevailing prim rigidity its day is revealed in the letters of John editorial that likened the Peace Corps to a in the amusing mockery to be found in Austen. "r.are bird that deserves and needs a special many of the pictures. Alice was energetic, In June of 1867 he wrote his wife from kind of open cage." As a former volunteer who intelligent, and well-traveled, always London: has followed Peace Corps matters closely over surrounded by friends and family in a I shall never forget the day I passed out the past 18 years, I had expected that The seemingly endless, carefree pursuit of of the narrows how lovely the old cottage Post would give a clearer and more serious good times. looked. It was much admired by the passen­ recommendation on an important public-ad­ gers who stood near me. The Captain ordered ministration issue that may well decide We see the parties, the jolly picnics and the ship to run close to our side when I told whether the Peace Corps survives during the the beginning of tennis in America. From him I wished to make a signal to you. 1980s. her special vantage point of the family The facts of the situation are as follows: home at the edge of Sbten Island, we An American tourist, whom he met 1) The Nixon administration pl~ed the watch the grand parade of passenger, whi·le traveling through Switzerland, told Peace Corps under ACTION in a deliberate cargo and naval shipping in and out of him that it was "without any exception attempt to reduce the visib111ty and feisty the most lovely place on the Island." independence that had been the key to its New York harbor. She h9.s captured the success during the Kennedy and Johnson street vendors, policemen and early Alice and her mother moved i.nto the years. taxis of Manhattan. There are also views Austen house around 1868 and Alice re­ 2) The Carter administration did nothing from frequent travels well beyond New mained there until the mid-1940's. Be­ to undo this damage, despite the urgings of York that are further evidence of an ac- cause she lost almost all of her money 13576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 in the stock market crash, she was forced pedestrian esplanade and bikeway is set-plate technology) is in itself un­ to mortgage her home and to auction oti planned which, ultimately, will connect usual. many of her heirlooms. When the mo.ney with the boardwalk at South Beach. Of course, Mr. o·sullivan worked as a ran out in the early 1940's she and a close As the esplanade passes in front of recognized and paid professional, where­ friend, Gertrude Tate, opened a restau­ the Austen house it should be depressed as Ms. Austen worked as an unrecognized rant at the old home called "The Tea sufficiently to permit a clear view of the and little-known amateur. Alice Austen Room." This was but a temporary help, Narrows from the piazza of the house. simply took remarkable photographs as however, and finally, in 1945, after the This view is essential to recreate the a matter of course without ever realiz­ mortgage had been foreclosed, Alice Aus­ mood of the 1890's. ing that she was producing a unique ten sold her remaining possessions and The garden's layout in 1890 began body of work, a sweeping portrait of her left the old home forever. When she re­ with a straight, wide walk of crushed contemporary society. visited the place, shortly before her seashells extended the axis of the main This legacy of her work, together with death, Alfred Eisenstadt of Life took her floor hallway to steps which led down the house, affords modern visitors a pl'Cture in front of the sadly deteriorated to a small gate in a low picket fence. unique glimpse of life in close proximity building. And she took a picture of Mr. Through this gate one descended to the to Manhattan during the period of Eisenstadt--her last photograph. rocky "shingle" beach strewn with enormous social and technical change. The house has sutiered continuous de­ granite boulders. Flanking the top of Ms. Austen's photographs of dog­ cay s~ce then. A blizzard has destroyed the steps were two identical cast iron carts and Queen Anne style houses a portion of the north end of the house urns planted with Spanish bayonet show us an exurban lifestyle that was dating from the 1880's. This year a large plants. The depressed ground between in transition; her pictures of early auto­ section of the living room ceiling fell due the lawn and the picket fence was mobiles, steam ferries, and burgeoning to the leaky roof. In the fall of 1978 the densely planted with low shrubbery city streets illustrate the suburban way city determined that emergency repairs (probably Weigela or Forsythia). At the of life that was beginning its rise would be required to enable the house end of the front lawn stood one large throughout the first decades of the 20th to survive another winter. However, even specimen tree, a honeylocust, approxi­ century. mately 20 feet north of the axial this plan has bee!ll delayed as the prop­ Alice Austen's work was a true product erty has been transferred from the De­ walk, supported on the oceanside bv a partment of Real Estate to the Depart­ stone retaining wall. Several of Miss of her times. Before her lifetime the Austen's photographs show her grand­ science of photography was not avail­ ment of Housing Preservation and De­ able to document life in America and be­ velopment. father and others sitting on the circular bench which surrounded the base of the cause of the social period in which she That the building stands at all is the lived her talent was well guarded from result of a citizen etiort mounted in 1968 tree. The seat gave a good view of the Phipping in the Narrows. bursting into public attention-exhibi­ to prevent razing of the house by an tions of the work of lady photographers apartment development scheme. Many In the tradition of the 19th century were simply unheard of at the time. prominent citizens from Staten Island style, "Clear Comfort's" 4 acres held and greater New York came to the aid of many of the incongruous elements tra­ Therefore the fame that will doubtless the cause. However, the organization was ditional to Victorian practices. There continue to redound to Alice Austen was never incorPorated after accomplishing was chinoiserie to be found in the enam­ preordained to be posthumous, to be a its task and the friends were not active eled bases which Alice's Uncle Oscar had legacy for the next generations, from its until after the 1976 Bicentennial brought brought back from his Far Eastern trav­ very beginnings.• renewed interest in historic structures. els. These were scattered about the lawn In addtion a television documentary pro­ in the shade of the sugar maple on the duced and written by Stuart Hersh for north side of the house. Also typical were SALT AND THE MASS TV MEDIA WNET/13 and a biography of Alice Aus­ narrow gravel walks and an elaborate ten written by Ann Novotny have helped entrance gate of rustic cedar. Extending to call attention to the house and to the from the gateway along the north prop­ HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN accomplishments of Alice Austen's pho­ erty line was a solid board-and-batten OF CALIFORNIA tography. fence, faced on the garden side with hedging plants and a perennial border. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE GARDEN AT "CLEAR COMFORT" Tuesday, June 5, 1979 When "Clear Comfort" was remodeled Outside stood a cast-iron hitching post from modest farmhouse into elegant near the bluestone sidewalk. • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, this cottage of Gothic revival style, probably At the rear comer of the house grew morning I came across an article in in the 1870's, the grounds and gardens an ancient Wisteria which spread its TV Guide, the largest single mass circu­ around the house were also landscaped garlands of purple flowers over the brick lation magazine in the world. The article in high, Victorian style. By 1890 the walk to the back door. Climbing up the was authored by Dr. Robert Strausz­ house and grounds were made to com­ front piazza roof supports was a series Hupe, diplomat and scholar, and one of pliment one another with exquisite o~ vines, including Dutchmen's-pipe, the leading authorities among academic charm and beauty. With the record of bittersweet, Boston ivy and honeysuckle specialists on international relations and Alice Austen's own photographs, it is vine. Mockorange, Canterbury-bells, SALT. What an interesting combination. possible to restore-with precise detail­ iris, and tulips also grew around "Clear Strausz-Hupe and TV Guide. A natur.al the exterior surroundings as they ap­ Comfort." Alice's grandfather was an team and what is more, the most power­ peared. It is the goal of the "Friends of ardent gardener, developing and main­ ful single medium in the world should Alice Austen House" both to restore the taining not only his own grounds but also carry his critically important message. home and to recreate the gardens and those of the yacht club next door. After Millions of Americans in the television landscape. John Austen's death Alice continued the audience ought to have the opportunity The restoration of the grounds is at­ care of the gardeps, and in 1914 she was to learn about the details of the most tainable with but one major adjustment. instrumental in establishing the Staten important international agreement that What had once been a gracious sweep Island Garden Club. the United States has ever faced in our of lawn, slope, rocks and beach has slowly Staten Island has the uniaue distinc­ history of international law. SALT is a eroded so that today only about two­ tion of having been home to two out­ matter for scholars, legislators, arms spe­ thirds of the front lawn remains of the standing Victorian-era photographers: cialists, and diplomats. But, more than 30 or so yards that existed in 1890. Alice Austen and Timothy O'Sullivan. that, it is a matter of life and death for To preserve this the shoreline must be The latter was the principal field pho­ every American citizen: Life and death stabilized by building a substantial rip­ tographer for Matthew Brady, whose issue for millions of television viewers rapped seawall across the property's organization provides the outstanding from coast to coast. An issue for prime waterfront and by providing stone jet­ source of photographs of the Civil War time. ties perpendicular to the shore to reduce in America. That Staten Island produced I submit this brief but excellent article the destructive effects of violent winter two individuals in the same era with by Dr. Strausz-Hupe, "Television Should storms and hurricanes. Between this major photographic talent Cand the tech­ Alert Us to the Perils of SALT," for the seawall and the restored front lawn a nical skills to manage the cumbersome edification of my colleagues: June 5, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13577 TELEVISION SHOULD ALERT Us TO THE PERILS Even if we disregard the insolence of these No. 1 commodity we sell, postage, OF SALT interventions in the internal affairs of the increases its prices twice as fast as the (By Robert Strausz-Hupe) Alllance and the national sovereignty of the Consumer Price Index. U.K. and the German Federal Republic, we According to published statements of tne cannot pass over their implications for those I commend my colleague for the initi­ Carter Administration, it is the purpose of future arms-control agreements that, so the ative and leadership he has taken and I the ongoing Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Administration hopes, will issue from a SALT hope that my colleagues in the House to achieve a treaty that wm stab1l1ze the II treaty and limit precisely those "gray area" and Senate will take the time to read balance of U.S.-Soviet strategic forces and weapons such as the ss-20, the new MIRVed the article I am inserting in the RECORD: open the way to future progress in strategic­ Soviet "intermediate" rocket capable of hit­ arms control. The Administration has also LET'S MAKE POSTAL SERVICE REALLY implied that the treaty it seeks will further ting any target in Europe and well beyond. It FIRST-CLASS its goal of keeping nuclear weapons out of is as if the Soviet player means to sweep the (By TOM CORCORAN) the hands of states other than those now opposing pawns from the chessboard even before he sits down to the next game. Several years ago Congress attempted to possessing them (nuclear nonproliferation), remove itself and the President of the United and for improving U.S.-Soviet relations. The Soviet Union's unflagging attempts at meddling in the internal affairs of the States from mail problems. After a debate, Here, I do not propose to judge the logic which included Democratic and Republican of the expectation that the Administration Atlantic Alliance and its member states have been enlivened by the Soviet Union's deepen­ administrations, Congress passed the Postal avowedly pins on a SALT II treaty-as to Reorganization Act of 1970, which was de­ whether, for example, it will make our stra­ ing concern about the Washington-Peking connection. This concern is real-as real as signed to make the new U.S. Postal Service tegic future more predictable and, hence, independent. The thought was that by re­ safer, or relax U.S.-Soviet tensions. Suffice the Russian people's age-old fear of the threat from the Mongol East. Now, this fear moving it from politics and running it "like it to say here that, during the long years of a business," mail costs would go down and the SALT negotiations, the international is compounded by the dread of "encircle­ ment," to wit, a simultaneous attack from services would go up. political and strategic climate has changed Just the opposite has happened, and that's so drastically as to render any now likely the East and the West. We might be easy in our conscience that we will never play the why the House of Representatives last year, SALT treaty, at best, a marginal contribu­ and again this year, is raising the question tion to international stabi11ty and, at worst, "China Card" in such an aggressive way, and we might contend, quite rightly, that the of another postal reorganization. While I another step on the road to disaster paved realize some people think we want this for by the Western democracies' abiding sus­ Soviets are seeking to encircle us by their interventions in Asia and Africa and by reasons of patronage, or to satisfy the postal ceptibi11ty to wishful thinking. unions, the concern goes deeper. Chairman Brezhnev's vocal insistence on a deployment of the world's largest navy. But SALT treaty now-never Inind the mount­ the Soviet rulers have been haunted by the Since 1971, first-class rates have risen 150 ing U.S.-Soviet tensions that he has done specter of a two-front war ever since the per cent, compared with an 87.5 per cent rise so much to exacerbate !-allows for a good founding of the Bolshevik state when the Red in the Consumer Price Index. The Postal many explanations. None of them can oe Army fought off, to the East and to the West, "Service" no longer extends door-to-door de­ advanced confidently, the Kremlin playing conterrevolutionary forces backed by West­ livery to new neighborhoods, many small its cards face down, except for one: Chair­ ern troops. post offices have been closed, hours have been man Brezhnev deems the present strategic The U.S. recognition of Peking is now his­ shortened, the Postal Service has been toying balance to be to the Soviet Union's advan­ tory. It must suffice to say here that it has with the idea of eliminating the six-day de­ tage, its immense effort to overtake the u.s. given another push to an increasingly livery, and we all have horror stories about in quantity and quality of weaponry hav­ unstable world order. Even the best imagin­ the type of service we get. ing paid off. In brief, he expects the SALT II able arms-control agreemen1;s.--equita.ble for Had I been a. congressman in 1970, my vote treaty to cement in that advantage. both the U.S. and the Soviet Union-cannot would have been cast for reorganization. It For the Kremlin, it would be out of char­ glue together an international system that is was worth a try, and much good has come acter not to view the SALT negotiations as a plainly falling apart. U.S. foreign and secu­ from it. For one thing, the labor force has means of conditioning the psychology of the rity policies need to be adjusted to new reali­ been reduced through attrition by 10 per Western democracies, ever hopeful for peace ties nearly all of them fraught with great cent. Considering that labor costs are 85 per and none too eager to pay the price of peace­ uncertainties and risks. These adjustments cent of the postal budget, taking politics out that is, to pay for an adequate defense. Does will not come cheap. They will call for heavy of the rate-making process and giving that anyone seriously expect that a SALT II treaty national sacrifices. These will be brought responsibility to an independent Postal Rate wlll increase the sense of urgency with which only at the behest of purposeful and candid Commission continues to make good sense. leadership and with the support of an However, the issue now is: What kind of Western governments and publics will con­ postal service do we want next year and template the requirements of national informed public. With respect to the latter, beyond? defense? For a certainty, the Soviet leaders, American TV has a job cut out for itself: to First, what about rates for letter mail? If well briefed on the trends of Western pub­ lay out for its public the problems of the first-class st:1mps (15 cents) keep rising at lic opinion, expect nothing of the kind. U.S. in the world and seek to explain their the present rate, another eight years like the Indeed, the protracted SALT negotiations meaning, however troubling .• last eight wm lead to a. 38-cent first-class have already slowed down our defense effort. stamp. However, unless Congress changes the While the Administration has canceled or law beginning in fiscal 1980, the subsidy stretched out several weapons programs-the REPRESENTATIVE CORCORAN COM­ starts dropping 10 per cent a. year, thus lead­ B-1 supersonic bomber, the MX missiles, the MENTS ON POSTAL SITUATION ing more likely to a 50-cent stamp by 1987. cruise missiles and the enhanced-radiation Second, how will postal services to the bomb-these conc111atory gestures have public fare? As I mentioned, the Poshl Serv­ apparently not been rewarded by commen­ HON. PAUL SIMON ice is a labor-intensive industry, with 85 per­ surate Soviet concessions. All the while, the OF ILLINOIS cent of its cost attributed to personnel. Hav­ Soviet armament effort has been going full IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing eliminated 10 percent of the jobs during blast, widening the gap between U.S. and the last eight years, can USPS cut costs fur­ Soviet strategic as well as conventional capa­ Tuesday, June 5, 1979 ther without more and more cuts in service? b111tles. Thus, negotiation itself has been a Unless we get machines that go door to door, "weapon" that the Soviets have wielded with • Mr. SIMON. Mr. SI"Caker, recently the I do not believe USPS can absorb more per­ damaging effect against us. Chicago Sun-Times carried an article by sonnel losses without reducing services. Exploiting the bilateralism of "the our respected colleague ToM CORCORAN In testimony before Congress, Postmaster SALT"-a U.S.-Soviet huddle from which all about Postal Service. General W1llia.m Bolger stated that there are allies are excluded-Soviet diplomacy and While I do not agree with ToM CoR­ three WJ.ys to finance USPS: (1) raise rates; propaganda have been fueling our NATO coRAN on all matters in connection with (2) cut services; (3) increase government allies' fears and doubts about the reliability the Postal Service, he has been one of subsidies. He's right, and Congress must of the U.S. commitment to European defense. make the choice by our action or inaction Indeed, Chairman Brezhnev, stepping up his those who has recognized the problem this year, because, as indicated earlier, exist­ campaign against the solidarity of the and has been willing to come to grips ing subsidies are reduced next year. Atlantic Alliance, has issued a series of warn­ with it in realistic terms. These choices get to basic decisions about ings, addressed directly to our European One of the considerations, as we ap­ the mails because raising rates along the allies-and, obliquely, to us. Having hectored proach the Postal Service legislation, has lines of the last eight yeus wlll drive many the U.K. about the unseemliness of selling to be the question of inflation that my people to other forms o! communication, Inilltary aircraft to China, Chairman Brezh­ colleague from Dlinois, TOM CORCORAN, especially business, which accounts for 80 nev admonished the Federal Republic of Ger­ percent of first-class mall volume. Without many not to station American-built rockets touches on. Rather than restraining in­ further subsidies, this would lead to ever designed to partially offset the Soviet Union·~ flation the Postal Service is a cause of higher rates for individuals. Reducing serv­ long-standing massive superiority in inflation. That has to change. The U.S. ices would continue the current trend of medium-range missiles zeroed in on Western Government can hardly ask the private volume losses, especially !rom a market share Europe, on German soil. sector to restrain price hikes when the standpoint. Now is the time to raise the ques- 13578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 5, 1979 tion of whether we really need good universal producing regions of the country. The income generated by such import "taxes" mail service for every American at reasonable unstable prices also threw the cattle does not go to U.S. farmers but to the rates. The issue should be decided now-not cycle out of kilter as the livestock indus­ importing countries which will ·use the when it's too late to recover without tremen­ dous start-up or, a.t best, renewal costs. try was confronted by wide swings in revenue to subsidize their economies and It was with these "thoughts in mind that I feeding costs. exports. authored amendments in the pending legis­ The United States now has experi­ Free trade obviously is a myth insofar lation that abolish the Board of Governors, enced several years of low farm com­ as the trade of grain is concerned. Prof. require presidential appointment of the post­ modity prices. Net farm income in 1976 Willard Cochrane of the University of master general, eliminate the present auto­ and 1977 dropped to the lowest point Minnesota has noted the danger in con­ matic b1llion-dollar subsidy in favor of sub­ tinuing to believe such a myth. In a sidies based on justified need, and dedicate since the Depression. Although higher, any increases in the current subsidy level last year's net farm income, when ex­ world dominated by state trading, to holding down first-class rates. pressed in real purchasing power, was Cochrane stated: The legislation, which will soon be con­ nearly 40 percent less than in 1973 and The unilateral adoption of a. free-market, sidered by the full House, is not a return to thus has not begun to make up for the free-trade policy by the United States would postal politics as usual. We keep many of the lean years. have resulted in considerable damage to the good features of the 1970 Postal Act. It was agricultural industry from increased imports not a bad experiment; we can keep its strong The low price levels mean that we and produced few, if any, benefits in the features, but we've learned some lessons, too. are still exporting our grain for less than way of increased exports. Since 1979, ever-increasing rates and re­ it costs to produce it. The low prices led duced services have hurt USPS and clouded farmers to mine their soil in order to The Russian wheat deal of the early its future. This has occurred despite billion­ increase their volume of production and 1970's vividly demonstrated the com­ dollar subsidies every year. Thus, I think marginal returns. But productivity has petitive advantage state traders enjoy subsidies need to be continued, although this over private grain traders in the world time there should be strings attached and its limits and commodity prices have commodity market. From the perspective realistic goals. failed to keep pace with .inflation, par­ of international commerce, U.S. grain The 96th Congress should recognize that ticularly as energy costs continue to sky­ exporting :firms represent an atomized postal independence is a political pipe dre:1m rocket. As Agriculture Secretary Berg­ industry whose bargaining power and incompatible with good postal service for land said, it takes about 80 gallons of every American.e resources are inferior to those of state fuel (directly and indirectly) to work an traders

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, June 6, 1979 The House met at 10 a.m. 0 God. the Father of mankind, we and prejudice, may have Thee always The Right Reverend Ross Sydney pray Thee for all nations and men, that in remembrance. Hook, bishop of Bradford, West York­ Thou wouldest be pleased to make Thy 0 Christ, the Master Carpenter, wield shire, England, offered the following ways known unto them; and grant that well Thy tools among the workshop of prayer: we, setting aside all partial affections mankind, that we who come rough hewn

0 This symbol represents the time of day during the House Proceedings, e.g., 0 1407 is 2:07 p.m. • This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.